16,659. I am a fisherman in Kirkwall. I was born and lived in Fair
Isle till April 1869. I left because three of us were working at the
'Lessing's' wreck, and we heard we were warned for working at it
contrary to the master's (Mr Bruce's) orders, and we left that we
might not be warned. There was nothing to do at the fishing at the
time worth waiting for, so I and they went to the work. I
considered I was under no obligation to fish for him if I could
better my circumstance any other way. I was only bound not to
fish for any other man than Mr Bruce;-not to fish to him while I
could get any other employment. The others who left, did not
leave for that reason, but just to better their circumstances. Prices
at Bruce's shop were higher than in Strachan's and Hewison's
time. Prices were very much raised at the time of the American
War, when Mr Bruce got the island. I think prices were higher in
Fair Isle than was necessary to cover the prices of carriage. I have
no pass-book, for no pass-books were called for or used there.
[Produces account for 1868, obtained from Mr Bruce] It was sent
to me after I left Fair Isle. 'By amount from boat's account, £4, 0s.
3d.;' that's the price of fish. 'By a quey, sold by auction at
Dunrossness cattle sale, 19s., less money and auction expenses, 5s.
6d.-13s. 6d.' We were not allowed to sell our cattle to any one
but Mr Bruce. The factor told us. I never attempted to sell cattle
to any one else; but no doubt others did. I left the island before the
time when Thomas Wilson wanted to sell his cow to Rendall for
£5, 10s. If that was so, I think I could have got more for my quey
than 19s., but never was offered more. Mr. Bruce did not settle for
the spring fishing when he came to Fair Isle in summer; but only
up to the end of the year. I bought some meal from James Rendall
in summer. It was cheaper than I got it at the same time from the
shop. I can't tell exactly the price paid to Rendall that year; but I
remember well enough that the shop price was 30s. a boll. I
bought from Rendall at 24s. in 1868, and Mr Bruce's price was
then 30s. Rendall was also cheaper than the shop in 1867. I got
from Rendall tea at 9d. and 10d., while the shop was 11d. and 13d.
I am not a very good judge of tea. Rendall's sugar was 6d.
(common soft), shop sugar of the same quality being 7d. Rendall's
loaf sugar was 8d. I have never bought that sugar at the shop; but I
heard factor tell others it was 13d. a pound. I had no particular
need of it at that price. There was no difference in the price of
coffee. Rendall's cottons were also cheaper, but I don't remember
the exact prices. I always keep my own account, and could check
the account as it was read over to me by the factor. When I lived
in the island I never got money till settlement, and never asked for
it, because it was usual. Before Mr Bruce's time we all went
sometimes to Orkney for meal, but not since, because he sent
supplies. That was partly because we did not need to go, and
partly because in Hewison's time we had leave to manufacture our
own oil, and we went to sell it, and brought back supplies. We
thought we had more of livers before than we got from Mr Bruce.
I don't remember getting meal from Mr Bruce for less than 30s.
When Mr Williamson was in the island I got some from him 3s. or
4s. a boll cheaper. Rendall was forbidden in Mr. Bruce's time to
sell his goods in Mrs. Wilson's house, and he began to sell them at
the shore. I think the men in Fair Isle would be better if they had
liberty to fish to whom they please. I think they would be better to
leave it altogether; for it is a very poor place, and they are subject
to many hardships. They remain because some of them are poor
and in arrears to the master, and have not means to get away. The
hardships are the want of a harbour for large boats: they never
have crews of more than three men or two, and two boys. They
are sometimes scarce of food in summer, and their boats are too
small for crossing often to Orkney or Shetland, though they do so
sometimes. It is often a great risk. Larger boats do come
sometimes in summer and anchor in a small harbour. They
sometimes haul them up; but a big boat can't stay there when
there's a weighty sea on, unless hauled up. I know we got 10s. a
ton less for fish than was paid at Grutness. It was only an account
brought by others that I was to be put away for working at the
'Lessing.' I told Wilson I was going away, and he said he got no
word from Mr. Bruce to that effect. After I prepared to go, Mr.
Bruce asked me to stay in the same farm. Rents were greatly
raised in Fair Isle,-I know that by a letter from the factor a short
time ago,-to the amount of £1 to £3 on each farm. Jerome
Wilson, the factor, is my uncle. Most people in the Fair Isle are
related to one another. Dr. Craig, now of Westray, Mr. Macfarlane
and Mr. Arthur have been clergymen in the Fair Isle in my time. I
think they always got their supplies from Lerwick. The women
sell their hosiery to Mr. Bruce, Mr. Warren, Kirkwall, and James
Rendall. All the wool is made up into cloth or hosiery before it
leaves the isle so far as I know.
Kirkwall, February 9, 1872, CHARLOTTE SUTHERLAND, examined.
16,660. I live in Kirkwall. I am a knitter. I was brought up in
Lerwick, and lived there till 1867 or the beginning of 1868. I then
went to Edinburgh, and have been here since May. I was in
Lerwick for three weeks in April. I lived with my father, and
knitted goods, mostly for the merchants, but sometimes with my
own worsted. I did not need to support myself entirely till my
father died in 1866. After that, I knitted to Miss Jessie Ogilvy for
money, and for the shops for goods. I never asked money from the
shops. I got enough money to keep myself from private people; at
least I had to be content with it. I had to leave Lerwick for that
reason. Knitting does very well in Lerwick for those that have
friends to live with and keep them, but not for me when I had to
look out for myself. I knew a great many in Lerwick who lived
entirely by knitting. I think they were paid almost entirely in
goods. I think a number just take the goods out of the shops and
sell them again to get their food, and money for rents. I have
heard plenty of them say so. I know it was so when I was back
lately. I could not say the names of any persons just now. Mary
Ann Moodie was one. I never saw any of them selling their goods.
Our people were often offered tea or soft goods by parties who
lived by selling such [Page 427] articles got from knitters. I knew
that because they told us so. When they sell shawls or veils they
get so much, and they take a line for the balance, and get what they
want till it's done, and sometimes more than they want, and sell it
in order to get provisions. The women selling such goods would
not name the one they got them from, but just that some one had
got it for work, and had to part with a portion of it. I remember
these women perfectly well. There was Betty Morrison and Jean
Yates, who were in that custom for many years. They surely did a
great deal in that way. They did not get the price put on the goods
in the shop. I know that, because these women offered us 10d. tea
for 6d. I did not take it, because I was always knitting and getting
it for ourselves. I never heard of women bartering their goods for
provisions in the provision shops. I never heard of them selling or
bartering their goods to Robert Irvine or James Coutts.