SOME HARDY FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS
The following are tables of hardy flowering trees and shrubs, and
comprise only species and varieties suitable, unless otherwise stated,
for almost all parts of the British Isles. An asterisk (*) denotes those
of the first importance. This way has been adopted to compress as much
information as possible into a small space.
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| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Aesculus (Pavia), |Sapindaceae | |A well-known group
Horse Chestnut, | | |represented most largely by
Buck-eye | | |the Horse Chestnut, which
| | |is the tallest of the
| | |species. The Aesculi
| | |generally are of medium
| | |size, and not very
| | |particular about soil or
| | |position. The smaller
| | |growers were at one time
| | |placed in a distinct genus,
| | |Pavia, but now placed with
| | |Aesculus. The more shrubby
| | |species are welcome in the
| | |garden, where the Horse
| | |Chestnut would be out of
| | |place.
| | |
*AE. carnea |Hybrid between |Bright |This is a handsome tree for
|AE. Hippo- |red; late |the garden, and is
|castanum and AE.|May and |generally about 15 feet
|Pavia. |early June|high in Britain. Its chief
|Synonymous with | |charm is in the profusion
|AE. rubicunda | |and brilliant red colouring
| | |of the flower-spikes. It is
| | |not of quick growth, but
| | |flowers when very young.
| | |It will be found in many
| | |lists under the name of AE.
| | |rubicunda, the red Horse
| | |Chestnut. Rosea is a good
| | |variety recommended by Mr.
| | |Anthony Waterer as a "tree
| | |for planting in smoky
| | |districts." Another fine
| | |variety, peculiarly bright
| | |in flower colouring, is AE.
| | |Brioti.
| | |
AE. flava |A native of |Pale |Those who want a tree in
|Carolina and |yellow |this family of distinct
|Virginia, on | |colour will find pleasure
|mountain slopes;| |probably in this, but its
|introduced in | |colouring is dull, and the
|1764. Sanguinea | |flowers are not plentiful.
|has red flowers.| |
| | |
*AE. Hippocastanum |From the |White; |The common Horse Chestnut
(Common Horse |mountains of |late May |is too well known to
Chestnut) |Greece. Gerard |or early |describe. It is not a tree
|mentions the |June. |for very exposed places, as
|Horse Chestnut |There is |its large leaves offer
|in his "Herbal" |consider- |considerable resistance to
|in 1579 as a |able |the wind, and get torn and
|rare foreign |variation,|unsightly. The double
|tree |as many of|variety (flore-pleno) is
| |the trees |very distinct, having quite
| |in parks |double flowers. Foliis
| |and |aureis variegatis is a
| |gardens |variegated variety, as the
| |have been |name suggests, with
| |raised |blotches of yellow on the
| |from seed |leaves; and laciniata has
| | |cut foliage.
| | |
AE. indica |Nepaul, and |White, |This distinct and beautiful
|other parts of |with |tree is perhaps the rarest
|Northern India. |yellow and|of the Horse Chestnuts in
|On the Himalaya |red |cultivation, and is not so
|the tree reaches|blotches |robust as the common
|a height of 70 |at the |species. It flowered in
|feet, with a |base of |England as long ago as 1858
|trunk 3 feet |the |at Mildenhall in Suffolk,
|through |petals; |but has been little heard
| |Summer |of. It is a tree doubtless
| | |for the Cornish and
| | |Devonshire and southern
| | |coast gardens where the
| | |Himalayan Rhododendrons
| | |thrive well. Sir Joseph
| | |Hooker, during his Himalaya
| | |travels fifty years ago,
| | |saw it loaded with its
| | |white racemes, and equal in
| | |beauty to the common Horse
| | |Chestnut of English parks.
| | |Its foliage is quite
| | |distinct from that of the
| | |other species, the leaflets
| | |numbering seven or nine,
| | |and being of a dark glossy
| | |green. In the other Horse
| | |Chestnuts the leaflets are
| | |usually only five to each
| | |leaf, and never more than
| | |seven. The racemes of this
| | |Indian species are about 8
| | |inches long, the flowers
| | |being white, with blotches
| | |of yellow and red at the
| | |base of the petals.
| | |
*AE. (Pavia) |North America. |White |This is better known as P.
parviflora |On river banks |fragrant |macrostachya, and is a low,
|in Georgia. |flowers |spreading shrub 8 to 10
|Introduced to |sometimes |feet high; the leaves
|England by Mr. |tinged |consist of five to seven
|John Fraser in |with pink,|finely serrated leaflets,
|1786 |and long |covered underneath with a
| |stamens, |whitish tomentum. Although
| |and in |introduced so long ago,
| |long |this August flowering shrub
| |upright |is not common; it is a good
| |racemes |shrub for a small garden,
| | |and is not fastidious about
| | |soil or even situation if
| | |not too shady. It is
| | |increased by suckers thrown
| | |up around the plant. These,
| | |when detached with a
| | |portion of root, soon form
| | |good plants.
| | |
AE. californica |California. 40 |Erect |This is not much known,
|feet in its |spikes of |but is a handsome shrub or
|native country, |white or |tree.
|but not much |delicate |
|more than a |rose; |
|shrub here |sweet- |
| |smelling |
| |flowers; |
| |May |
| | |
*AE. Pavia (P. |North America |Red; |This is the Red Buck-eye,
rubra) | |early |and will grow 15 feet high,
| |summer |but is more often simply a
| | |big shrub. The flowers are
| | |very bright red in colour,
| | |and in loose clusters,
| | |unlike the dense spikes of
| | |the common Horse Chestnut.
| | |The varieties are even
| | |dwarfer. Humilis, for
| | |instance, is only 4 feet.
| | |Atrosanguinea has very dark
| | |red flowers, and those of
| | |whitleyana are brighter
| | |than the type.
| | |
AE. turbinata |Japan |Yellowish |As this has not yet
|(introduced by |white, not|flowered in this country,
|Messrs. Veitch |so large |as far as we are aware, but
|& Sons) |as those |will probably become
| |of the |popular here, the following
| |common |account of it by Professor
| |Horse |Sargent in his "Forest
| |Chestnut |Flora of Japan" will be
| | |interesting:--
| | |
| | |"This, however, is a noble
| | |tree--one of the largest
| | |and stateliest of all the
| | |horse chestnuts. In the
| | |forests of the interior
| | |mountain regions of Central
| | |Hondo, at elevations
| | |between 2000 and 3000
| | |feet, horse chestnuts 80 to
| | |100 feet tall, with trunks
| | |3 or 4 feet in diameter,
| | |are not uncommon. These
| | |were, perhaps, the largest
| | |deciduous trees on the main
| | |island growing naturally in
| | |the forest--that is, which
| | |had not been planted by
| | |men--and their escape from
| | |destruction was probably
| | |due to their inaccessible
| | |position, and to the fact
| | |that the wood of the horse
| | |chestnut is not
| | |particularly valued by the
| | |Japanese. In habit, and in
| | |the form, venation, and
| | |colouring of the leaves,
| | |the Japanese horse chestnut
| | |resembles the horse
| | |chestnut of our gardens,
| | |the Grecian Aesculus
| | |Hippocastanum, and at first
| | |sight it might easily be
| | |mistaken for that tree, but
| | |the thyrsus of flowers of
| | |the Japanese species, which
| | |is 10 or 12 inches long,
| | |and only 2-1/2 to 3 inches
| | |broad, is more slender; the
| | |flowers are smaller, and
| | |pale yellow, with short,
| | |nearly equal, petals,
| | |ciliate on the margins; and
| | |the fruit is that of the
| | |Pavias, being smooth, and
| | |showing no trace of the
| | |prickles which distinguish
| | |the true horse chestnuts.
| | |The Japanese horse chestnut
| | |reaches Southern Yezo,
| | |finding its most northern
| | |home near Mororan, on the
| | |shores of Volcano Bay, at
| | |the level of the ocean; it
| | |is generally distributed
| | |through the mountainous
| | |parts of the three southern
| | |islands, sometimes
| | |ascending in the south to
| | |an elevation of 4000 or
| | |5000 feet. There seems no
| | |reason why this tree, which
| | |has already produced fruit
| | |in France, should not
| | |flourish in our northern
| | |states, where, as well as
| | |in Europe, it is still
| | |little known. In Northern
| | |Japan the fruits are
| | |exposed for sale in the
| | |shops, although they are
| | |probably used only as
| | |playthings for the
| | |children."
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[Illustration: _HORSE-CHESTNUT (Aesculus Hippocastanum) IN FLOWER._]
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| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
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| | |
Amelanchier |Rosaceae | |A charming family of
| | |spring-flowering trees,
| | |graceful in growth, and of
| | |moderate stature. There are
| | |four species, but dozens of
| | |names in catalogues; in
| | |fact, the genus is much
| | |mixed up in many books and
| | |lists.
| | |
*A. alnifolia |North-West |White; |This is usually about 8
|America |Spring |feet high; it is very
| | |beautiful with its wealth
| | |of white flowers in compact
| | |clusters or racemes,
| | |followed by purple berries.
| | |In the Kew "Arboretum"
| | |Hand-list no less than ten
| | |synonyms are given.
| | |
*A. canadensis |Canada |White; |This flowers about a month
| |April |before A. alnifolia, and is
| | |one of the first trees to
| | |greet us with its wealth of
| | |snow-white blossom in
| | |spring. It should be
| | |planted in a free group.
| | |Juneberry and Snowy
| | |Mespilus are its popular
| | |names. Eighteen synonyms
| | |are given in the list
| | |referred to, the most usual
| | |being A. Botryapium. No
| | |small garden should be
| | |without this lovely small
| | |tree; it is between 6 and
| | |8 feet high, spreading,
| | |and has purplish fruits,
| | |whilst the leaves die off
| | |deep golden yellow, so that
| | |the Snowy Mespilus has many
| | |beautiful phases. There are
| | |several varieties, but the
| | |species is as beautiful as
| | |any.
| | |
A. oligocarpa |Northern United |White; |This is quite a dwarf
|States, |April and |shrub, 3 feet to 4 feet,
|and found in |May |and the individual flowers
|bogs and swamps | |are 3/4 inch across. As it
| | |is found in moist places it
| | |should be tried in such
| | |positions in Britain.
| | |
A. vulgaris |Europe |White; |This has been in English
| |April |gardens about 300 years.
| | |It is like the Canadian
| | |Juneberry or Snowy
| | |Mespilus, but not so
| | |beautiful. If only one
| | |Amelanchier is required,
| | |choose A. canadensis.
| | |
*Andromeda |Ericaceae; |Pink; |A small shrub about a foot
polifolia |widely |Summer |high, with pretty pink
(Moorwort) |distributed. | |wax-like flowers in summer.
| | |Moist, peaty soil. See
| | |Cassandra, Leucothoe,
| | |Cassiope, Lyonia,
| | |Oxydendron, Pieris, and
| | |Zenobia.
| | |
*Berberis acuminata|Berberideae; |Bronzy |Evergreen shrub with red
|China |yellow |young wood. Introduced by
| | |Messrs. Veitch.
| | |
*B. Aquifolium (Ash|Introduced 1823.|Yellow; |A common, but handsome
Barberry, Syn. |Spread widely |early |evergreen shrub, reaching a
Mahonia Aquifolium)|over the |Spring, |clothed height of 3 to 5
|western side of |dark green|feet, and with dark green
|North America |leaves of |pinnate and leathery
|from Nootka |Summer |leaves. The flowers
|Sound |have a |are bright golden; they are
|southwards. |purplish |succeeded by berries,
| |tinge |purple when ripe, which add
| |after |to the ornamental features
| |frost |of the plant. It is one of
| | |the best shrubs for growing
| | |under trees, and in many
| | |places is planted for game
| | |cover. Distinct varieties
| | |are _fascicularis_, which
| | |is usually 2 feet to 4 feet
| | |high and has narrower
| | |leaflets of a duller green
| | |than the type.
| | |
*B. buxifolia |Chili |Yellow; |An upright evergreen bush 5
(Box-leaved | |April and |feet high, clothed with
Barberry, Syn. B. | |early May |small box-like leaves, and
dulcis) | | |bearing drooping blossoms
| | |borne on unusually long
| | |stalks. It is not so
| | |handsome as B. Darwinii or
| | |B. stenophylla, but
| | |flowering before them is on
| | |that account valuable. A
| | |dwarf variety (nana) is a
| | |pretty rock-work plant.
| | |
B. concinna |Himalaya |Pale |A little deciduous shrub
| |yellow |not more than 18 inches
| | |high, and with silvery
| | |undersides to the leaves.
| | |It needs a sheltered spot
| | |in good soil.
| | |
B. congestiflora |Chili |Bright |A large interesting bush,
var. hakeoides | |yellow |with masses of flowers.
| | |Rare.
| | |
B. aristata |Himalaya |Yellow |A strong-growing deciduous
| | |shrub, somewhat after the
| | |style of the common
| | |Barberry, but chiefly
| | |remarkable from the bright
| | |red of the young bark,
| | |which thus forms a fine
| | |winter feature.
| | |
*B. Darwinii |Chili |Orange |This ranks with B.
(Darwin's | |yellow; |stenophylla as the most
Barberry) | |May |handsome of all Barberries;
| | |and, indeed, it is in the
| | |very front rank of
| | |flowering shrubs. It is of
| | |bold, wide-spreading growth
| | |6 to 8 feet high, and the
| | |masses of dark evergreen
| | |leaves serve admirably as a
| | |setting to the clusters of
| | |orange-coloured blossoms
| | |which are at their best in
| | |May. The purple berries are
| | |very attractive towards the
| | |end of the summer. This
| | |Barberry forms a delightful
| | |lawn shrub, particularly in
| | |a fairly moist soil.
| | |
B. empetrifolia |Chili |Yellow; |A little evergreen bush
| |Spring |less than 2 feet high, and
| | |flowering about the same
| | |time as B. Darwinii. With
| | |this just-named species it
| | |shares the parentage of B.
| | |stenophylla, which is
| | |unsurpassed in the entire
| | |genus.
| | |
B. nepalensis, Syn.|Nepaul |Yellow |The stateliest of the Ash
Mahonia nepalensis | | |Barberries, forming a
| | |specimen 6 feet high, and
| | |regularly furnished with
| | |long compound leaves. It
| | |is, however, tender, except
| | |in the West of England and
| | |Ireland, where, in a moist,
| | |fairly open soil, it does
| | |well. Even there a
| | |sheltered spot should be
| | |chosen for it.
| | |
B. repens, Syn. |North America | ,, |Related to B. Aquifolium,
Mahonia repens | | |and, like that, will do
| | |well in shady spots. It is
| | |dwarfer than the other
| | |just mentioned.
| | |
*B. stenophylla |Garden form |Yellow; |This is a hybrid between B.
| |Spring |Darwinii and B.
| | |empetrifolia, and a shrub
| | |of rare beauty. The slender
| | |arching shoots are very
| | |graceful, and during the
| | |flowering period are
| | |completely wreathed with
| | |golden blossoms. Standing
| | |singly on a lawn, or near
| | |water, it is delightful.
| | |It should be in the
| | |smallest collection of
| | |flowering shrubs.
| | |
*B. Thunbergi |China and Japan |Pale |A spreading shrub 3 or 4
| |yellow and|feet high, with flowers not
| |red; |particularly showy, and
| |Spring |borne on the undersides of
| | |the shoots just as the
| | |young leaves are expanding.
| | |The bright-red berries are
| | |very showy, but they are
| | |surpassed by the brilliant
| | |scarlet of the decaying
| | |leaves.
| | |
*B. vulgaris |Europe |Yellow; |The common Barberry is an
(Common Barberry) | |Spring |ornamental deciduous shrub
| | |8 to 10 feet high, and is
| | |valuable from the fact that
| | |it will thrive in dry,
| | |stony soils. Apart from the
| | |pale-yellow flowers in
| | |spring, the scarlet berries
| | |are very showy, and by some
| | |are used for preserves.
| | |There are many varieties,
| | |the best being the
| | |purple-leaved (purpurea)
| | |and white-fruited (fructu
| | |albo).
| | |
B. wallichiana |Himalaya and |Sulphur |A dense evergreen bush,
(Syn. B. Jamesoni, |China |Yellow; |with dark green spiny
B. Hookerii) | |June |leaves and pale yellow
| | |blossoms. It grows 4 or 5
| | |feet high.
| | |
*B. Wilsonae |China |Rich |A fine shrub, the leaves
| |golden |changing to an intense
| |colour |crimson colour in autumn.
| | |Spines an inch long.
| | |
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| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Buddleia Colvillei|Himalaya; |Rosy |A beautiful tree, reaching
|Loganiaceae |crimson; |a height of 30 feet in its
| |June |native country, but it is
| | |hardy only in the extreme
| | |West.
| | |
*B. globosa (Orange|Chili |Orange |A deciduous shrub, 10 to 12
Ball tree) | |yellow; |feet high, with long,
| |Midsummer |willow-like hoary leaves,
| | |and flowers borne in
| | |globular clusters about
| | |midsummer. It is perfectly
| | |hardy in warm soils in the
| | |South of England, and is
| | |much admired.
| | |
B. japonica, Syn. |Japan |Lilac; |This has several
B. curviflora | |August |well-marked features,
| | |forming as it does a
| | |deciduous shrub about 4
| | |feet high, with curiously
| | |winged stems and long
| | |curved spikes of blossoms.
| | |
B. variabilis |China |Rosy |A free-growing shrub, 6 to
| |purple, |8 feet high. The variety
| |Yellowish |Magnifica was introduced by
| |throat; |Messrs. Veitch from Central
| |Midsummer |China; rich rose purple.
| | |Prune well back each
| | |autumn. Veitchiana is
| | |lighter in colour and
| | |flowers a fortnight sooner.
| | |
Caesalpinia |Japan; |Canary |A very interesting shrub,
japonica |Leguminosae |yellow; |rambling and with long
| |Summer |flexible shoots with red
| | |prickles. The leaves are a
| | |foot long, and of a
| | |pleasing green; the
| | |flowers, which are in
| | |partially erect racemes,
| | |are about 1 inch across,
| | |and bright canary yellow in
| | |colour, against which the
| | |reddish anthers are
| | |conspicuous. It must not
| | |be planted where it is
| | |likely to get smothered. It
| | |has stood out unharmed for
| | |many years in the
| | |Coombewood Nursery
| | |(Kingston).
| | |
*Calycanthus |North America; |Purplish |A deciduous, much-branched
floridus (American |Calycanthaceae |red; |shrub from 5 to 6 feet
Allspice) | |July |high, well worth growing
| | |for its highly fragrant
| | |flowers, about a couple of
| | |inches in diameter. It
| | |needs a fairly cool, moist
| | |soil.
| | |
C. occidentalis |California |Crimson |Much like the preceding,
(Californian | | |but of more vigorous growth
Allspice) | | |with larger flowers.
| | |
Cassandra |North America |White; |An evergreen under-shrub,
calyculata (Syn. | |April and |growing from 1 to 2 feet
Andromeda | |May |high. The shoots are
calyculata) | | |arching, and the waxy
| | |Lily-of-the-Valley-like
| | |flowers are suspended from
| | |the undersides in
| | |considerable numbers. It is
| | |a pretty but by no means
| | |showy shrub, and needs
| | |moist, peaty soil.
| | |
Cassiope fastigiata|Himalaya; |Pink; |A pretty little erect
|Ericaceae |Summer |growing shrub about a foot
| | |high, suggesting a Club
| | |Moss or a small Conifer,
| | |with tiny bell-shaped
| | |blossoms. It is suitable
| | |only as a rock-work
| | |shrub in moist, peaty
| | |soil.
| | |
C. hypnoides |Siberia |White |Even smaller than the
| | |preceding, and needs the
| | |same treatment.
| | |
C. tetragona |North America |White |The tiny scale-like leaves
|and | |of this are arranged in
|Northern Europe | |four rows, thus giving the
| | |branches a curious square
| | |appearance. Succeeds under
| | |the same conditions as the
| | |others. The Cassiopes are
| | |difficult to grow.
| | |
Catalpa |Bignoniaceae | |This genus of large
| | |deciduous trees is
| | |represented in both
| | |the eastern and western
| | |hemispheres, and contains
| | |about a dozen species. Only
| | |five of these are at
| | |present in cultivation in
| | |Britain or are known to be
| | |hardy, two being natives of
| | |North America and three of
| | |China. The Catalpas are
| | |some of the most striking
| | |and beautiful of all hardy
| | |trees, both in regard to
| | |foliage and to flower. The
| | |leaves are large and bold
| | |in outline, and the flowers
| | |borne in large terminal
| | |panicles towards the end of
| | |summer. Catalpas love a
| | |rich soil and abundant
| | |moisture. They are
| | |particularly well adapted
| | |for planting on the margins
| | |of ponds and water-courses.
| | |All the species have this
| | |peculiarity: they never
| | |form a terminal winter bud.
| | |In consequence of this,
| | |every shoot branches at its
| | |apex into two or three
| | |every spring, with the
| | |result that the trees
| | |naturally acquire a broad,
| | |spreading habit. This is
| | |especially apparent in the
| | |case of isolated trees
| | |growing on lawns--a
| | |position, it may be
| | |mentioned, in which
| | |Catalpas are seen to
| | |exceptional advantage. In
| | |the forests of North
| | |America, where they are
| | |drawn up by other trees,
| | |the Catalpas occasionally
| | |attain to heights of 50
| | |feet to 100 feet. In
| | |gardens it may sometimes be
| | |advisable to help them to
| | |reach a moderate height, by
| | |keeping them to a single
| | |lead when young. All the
| | |species can be increased by
| | |cuttings of the roots, or
| | |of the fairly matured leafy
| | |growths.
| | |
*C. bignonioides |Introduced from |Creamy |This species is by far the
(Syn. C. |North America in|white |commonest and best known of
syringaefolia) |1726 |blotched |the Catalpas in Britain. It
| |with |does not often attain a
| |yellow, |stature of more than 30
| |and |feet, although in its
| |spotted |native woods it is met with
| |with |twice as high. The broadly
| |purple in |ovate leaves are in healthy
| |the |trees of mature age about 6
| |throat; |inches long and 4 inches to
| |July and |five inches wide. The
| |August |flower panicles are erect,
| | |branching, and pyramidal,
| | |frequently 1 foot in
| | |diameter at the base. The
| | |flower is 1-1/2 inches
| | |across, with a broad
| | |bell-shaped base, the
| | |reflexed limb being
| | |elaborately frilled. The
| | |thin, kidney-bean-like
| | |fruits are 9 inches to 12
| | |inches long, but in most
| | |parts of the country are
| | |only produced after
| | |exceptionally sunny
| | |seasons. The following
| | |varieties are in
| | |cultivation: Aurea, with
| | |rich yellow foliage; nana,
| | |a remarkable low shrub, 2
| | |feet to 3 feet high, which
| | |never flowers, and can only
| | |be regarded as a curiosity;
| | |purpurea, with
| | |purple-tinged leaves and
| | |shoots.
| | |
C. Bungei |Northern China |White, |Whether the true C. Bungei
| |spotted |is in cultivation at the
| |with |present time is very
| |purple; |doubtful. Certainly the
| |they, as |plants supplied by some
| |well as |nurserymen under this name
| |the |are only the dwarf variety
| |panicles, |(nana) of C. bignonioides.
| |are larger|In any case the true C.
| |than in |Bungei has not flowered in
| |Kaempfer's|Britain. It is a tree 30
| |Catalpa |feet high, with either
| | |entire or lobed leaves;
| | |they are 4 inches to 8
| | |inches long, and about
| | |three-fourths as wide.
| | |
C. cordifolia (Syn.|United States. |White, |This is probably the finest
species) |It inhabits a |with |species of Catalpa, but is
|more western |yellow |not yet well known in
|region than C. |blotches |Britain. In the United
|bignonioides, |in the |States it is often 50 feet
|and is found in |throat; |high, and in exceptional
|the States of |but the |cases over 100 feet. Owing
|Kentucky, |purple |to its having been for a
|Louisiana, |spots are |long time confounded with
|Tennessee, |not so |C. bignonioides, this
|Missouri, Texas,|abundant |species was probably
|&c. |in C. |introduced unknowingly, and
| |bignon- |it may exist in some
| |ioides, |gardens under the other
| |whilst the|name. It is said to be
| |panicles |somewhat the hardier of the
| |are large,|two.
| |and appear|
| |about a |
| |fortnight |
| |before. |
| | |
C. Fargesii |China. |...... |Little known of this
|Introduced to | |species yet.
|France by M. | |
|Maurice de | |
|Vilmorin, and | |
|sent by him to | |
|Kew in 1899 | |
| | |
C. hybrida |A hybrid between|White, |In the United States this
|C. cordifolia |with |appears likely to prove the
|and C. |yellow and|finest of all the Catalpas,
|Kaempferi. |purple |exceeding even C.
|Raised nearly |markings |cordifolia in the vigour of
|thirty years ago|on the |its growth and the size of
|by Mr. John C. |throat |its panicles. Four hundred
|Teas in Indiana,| |flowers have been borne on
|U.S.A. | |a single panicle.
| | |Generally, the plant is
| | |intermediate between the
| | |two species that share its
| | |parentage.
| | |
C. Kaempferi |China; |Flowers |Whilst this species--named
|introduced by |1 inch |in honour of Engelbert
|Siebold in 1849 |across; |Kaempfer, who visited Japan
| |reddish- |in the seventeenth
| |brown and |century--bears a strong
| |purple |resemblance to the American
| |markings |C. bignonioides, it is
| | |neither so fine nor so
| | |ornamental a tree. It has
| | |naturally the same rounded
| | |habit, but is never so
| | |large. The leaves differ
| | |in frequently being more
| | |or less lobed. Kaempfer
| | |noted this tree in Japan,
| | |and until a recent date it
| | |was regarded as indigenous
| | |to that country. Recent
| | |travellers have, however,
| | |concluded it to be (like
| | |many other popular trees in
| | |Japan) of Chinese origin
| | |solely. It is frequent in
| | |the grounds surrounding
| | |Buddhist temples in Japan.
| | |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _CATALPA OR INDIAN BEAN TREE (Catalpa bignonioides)._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Ceanothus |Eastern United |Whitish; |A deciduous shrub, 3 to 4
americanus (New |States; |July and |feet high, that dies
Jersey Tea) |Rhamneae |August |partially back during the
| | |winter. The flowers, which
| | |are borne in good-sized
| | |racemes, are at their best
| | |in July and August, and on
| | |that account are very
| | |valuable. It is one of the
| | |hardiest of the
| | |Ceanothuses, and in the
| | |South of England it will
| | |flower as a shrub in the
| | |open ground.
| | |
*C. azureus |Mexico |Light |This is not quite so hardy
| |blue; July|as the preceding, and it
| |and August|cannot be regarded as a
| | |shrub for the open ground,
| | |except in particularly
| | |favoured districts. It is,
| | |however, a delightful wall
| | |shrub. There are many
| | |garden varieties of this,
| | |mostly of Continental
| | |origin, of which may be
| | |especially mentioned Gloire
| | |de Versailles, blue; Marie
| | |Simon, pink; and Indigo,
| | |deep blue, very beautiful.
| | |
C. divaricatus |California |Pale blue;|Suitable only for a wall.
| |May and |With this amount of
| |June |protection it will reach a
| | |height of 10 feet.
| | |
C. papillosus |California |Blue; |Like the last, it is,
| |May and |except in the extreme west,
| |June |essentially a wall plant;
| | |it is one of the best.
| | |
C. rigidus |California |Purplish |The leaves of this are
| |blue; |small and neat, and its
| |Spring and|charming blossoms are on a
| |early |wall borne sometimes as
| |Summer |soon as April, and are kept
| | |up through May to June. It
| | |will reach a height of 6 to
| | |8 feet.
| | |
C. thyrsiflorus |California |Bright |In its native country this
| |blue; |attains to the dimensions
| |Summer |of a small tree, but here
| | |it is essentially a wall
| | |plant. The flowers are in
| | |large racemes.
| | |
*C. veitchianus |California |Bright |A species with neat
| |blue; May |dark-green leaves. It forms
| |and June |a delightful wall plant.
| | |
*Cercis |South Europe and|Rose |Throughout May and early
Siliquastrum |West Asia; |purple, |June the Judas Tree is very
(Judas Tree) |Leguminosae |but |beautiful, being smothered
| |varies; |with pretty pear-shaped red
| |May and |blossoms. At Kew it flowers
| |June |well in numerous places. It
| | |grows to a height of 20
| | |feet or more in the
| | |Mediterranean region,
| | |though in gardens here it
| | |is more often represented
| | |by bushes of less than half
| | |that height. It thrives in
| | |sandy loam, and likes
| | |plenty of sun and air. The
| | |flowers are produced from
| | |all parts of the stems,
| | |much of the old wood being
| | |often smothered with
| | |flowering spurs. A variety
| | |with white flowers is in
| | |cultivation, and this may
| | |also be seen in flower at
| | |Kew. It is very free, and
| | |the flowers are of the
| | |purest white. A beautiful
| | |variety. In addition to
| | |this species, C.
| | |canadensis, from North
| | |America, and C. chinensis,
| | |a native of China and
| | |Japan, are also grown,
| | |whilst a fourth species, C.
| | |reniformis, from Western
| | |China, has lately put in an
| | |appearance.
| | |
*Chionanthus |Japan; |Pure |This Chionanthus furnishes
retusus |Oleaceae |white; |one of the many
(Fringe Tree) | |Early |illustrations of the close
| |Summer |affinity that exists
| | |between the flora of the
| | |United States and that of
| | |Japan, for it is very
| | |nearly related to the
| | |American Fringe Tree
| | |(Chionanthus virginicus),
| | |from which, however, it
| | |differs in being a smaller
| | |and more slender plant,
| | |while the clusters of
| | |flowers are rather less
| | |dense. When in bloom there
| | |is no danger of
| | |confounding these
| | |Chionanthuses with any
| | |other tree or shrub, as the
| | |pure white drooping
| | |fringe-like inflorescence
| | |is totally distinct from
| | |anything else. They are
| | |quite hardy, and not
| | |particular as to soil,
| | |though a fairly deep loam
| | |suits them best.
| | |
C. virginica |North America |White, |An interesting bush, but
(American Fringe | |narrow, |taller in its native
Tree) | |fringe- |country.
| |like |
| |petals; |
| |hence the |
| |name |
| | |
*Choisya ternata |Mexico; |White; |This is a shrub for warm
(Mexican Orange |Rutaceae |Summer, |soils and sunny position,
Flower) | |but much |when it makes a big, leafy,
| |depends |glossy-leaved bush,
| |upon |smothered with clusters of
| |position |white flowers that, from
| | |their appearance and
| | |fragrance, have earned the
| | |shrub the name of Orange
| | |Flower. At Munstead in
| | |Surrey it grows so
| | |rampantly that it has to be
| | |cut away to keep it within
| | |reasonable bounds. In "Wood
| | |and Garden," p. 63, it is
| | |mentioned, the month is
| | |May; "The Mexican Orange
| | |Flower (Choisya ternata)
| | |has been smothered in its
| | |white bloom, so closely
| | |resembling orange blossom.
| | |With a slight winter
| | |protection of fir boughs it
| | |seems quite at home on hot
| | |dry soil, grows fast, and
| | |is very easy to propagate
| | |by layers. When cut it
| | |lasts for more than a week
| | |in winter."
| | |
Cistus albidus |South-West |Bright |A shrub 4 to 5 feet high,
|Europe; |rose; |with whitish leaves (hence
|Cistineae |June and |the name of albidus) and a
| |July |profusion of blossoms 2
| | |inches across. It needs a
| | |dry, warm soil, hence will
| | |succeed on sloping banks,
| | |but even then, in the South
| | |of England, it is apt to be
| | |killed by a very severe
| | |winter. This last paragraph
| | |will apply to the genus
| | |Cistus in general.
| | |
C. crispus |Southern Europe |Reddish |Reaches a height of a
| |purple; |couple of feet, and bears
| |Summer |its saucer-shaped blossoms
| | |in great profusion. The
| | |individual flowers are
| | |about 2-1/2 inches in
| | |diameter.
| | |
*C. ladaniferus |South-West |White; |A bush 4 to 5 feet high,
(Gum Cistus) |Europe |Summer |with large, white, solitary
| | |flowers. The variety
| | |maculatus has a crimson
| | |blotch at the base of each
| | |petal.
| | |
*C. laurifolius |South of Europe |White; |A sub-evergreen shrub 5 to
(Laurel-leaved | |July and |6 feet high, and the
Cistus) | |August |hardiest of all the Cistus.
| | |Of this there is also a
| | |variety maculatus blotched
| | |at the base with purple
| | |crimson, which forms a
| | |delightful shrub.
| | |
C. monspeliensis |South of Europe |White; |A compact bush 4 feet high,
| |Summer |with flowers about an inch
| | |across.
| | |
C. populifolius |Levant |White; |The leaves of this are very
(Poplar-leaved | |Summer |distinct, being
Cistus) | | |heart-shaped and
| | |long-stalked, whilst the
| | |plant itself will attain a
| | |height of 6 feet.
| | |
C. purpureus |South-East |Reddish |This is only suitable for
|Europe |purple |planting in the West of
| |with a |England, but where not
| |maroon |injured by frost it is a
| |blotch |delightful shrub, a little
| | |over a yard high.
| | |
*C. villosus |Mediterranean |Reddish |A compact shrub, whose
|region |purple |reddish-purple blossoms are
| | |about 2-1/2 inches across.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _CISTUS VILLOSUS._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Cladrastis |Amoorland; |Whitish; |A very distinct shrub or
amurensis (Amoor |Leguminosae |July |small tree, which is
Yellow Wood) | | |perfectly hardy, and has
| | |peculiarly greyish-green
| | |leaves. The dense spikes of
| | |small, pea-shaped blossoms
| | |are showy when at their
| | |best. This has deep
| | |descending roots, and holds
| | |its own in sandy soils
| | |better than most shrubs.
| | |
*C. tinctoria |North America |White |A tree, 30 feet high,
(Virginian Yellow | | |clothed with large
Wood. Syn. Virgilia| | |ornamental pinnate leaves,
lutea) | | |which die off a rich
| | |yellow. The flowers are
| | |white, and in dense
| | |drooping racemes. A fairly
| | |moist soil is necessary for
| | |this.
| | |
Clethra alnifolia |United States of|White; |In the United States of
|America; |August and|America the White Alder or
|Ericaceae |early |Pepper Bush, as Clethra
| |September |alnifolia is called, occurs
| | |as a native over a
| | |considerable area; hence
| | |several forms exist, but do
| | |not possess any strongly
| | |marked features, unless it
| | |be the variety tomentosa,
| | |which is certainly the most
| | |widely removed of all from
| | |the typical kind. As a rule
| | |the flowering period of the
| | |common White Alder extends
| | |throughout August and a
| | |little way into September,
| | |at which last-named period
| | |the variety tomentosa is
| | |just unfolding its earliest
| | |blossoms. As the number of
| | |flowering shrubs that are
| | |at their best during the
| | |latter part of September is
| | |very limited, the blooming
| | |of this variety of the
| | |Clethra at that time makes
| | |it valuable. The varietal
| | |name of tomentosa is
| | |derived from the whitish
| | |down on the undersides of
| | |the leaves, which serves to
| | |readily distinguish it from
| | |the other forms. The
| | |flower-spikes, too, are
| | |rather larger, while the
| | |blossoms are as in the
| | |others--white. The Clethras
| | |all form rather
| | |loose-growing bushes from 3
| | |feet to 5 feet high, and
| | |delight in a moist soil of
| | |a peaty nature, such as
| | |that in which
| | |Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and
| | |others of that class
| | |flourish.
| | |
C. canescens (Syn. |Japan |Milky |A very handsome species
C. barbinervis) | |white; |with dark-green leaves and
| |Summer |panicles of blossom. Well
| | |worth attention, but is yet
| | |rare.
| | |
Colutea arborescens|Mediterranean |Yellow; |A perfectly hardy, free
(Bladder Senna) |region; |May and |growing, deciduous shrub,
|Leguminosae |June |reaching a height of 8 to
| | |12 feet, clothed with
| | |pretty divided leaves, and
| | |with a profusion of
| | |pea-shaped flowers,
| | |succeeded by large inflated
| | |seed-pods, which form a
| | |very noticeable feature.
| | |These pods are green,
| | |tinged with red. The
| | |Coluteas are very useful,
| | |as they will thrive in dry
| | |sandy soils where many
| | |shrubs would perish.
| | |
*C. cruenta, Syn. |Orient |Reddish |After the manner of the
C. orientalis, and | | |last, from which it differs
C. sanguinea. | | |in its glaucous leaves,
| | |reddish flowers, and
| | |deeper-tinted seed-pods. It
| | |is also somewhat dwarfer.
| | |
Coronilla Emerus |Southern Europe;|Yellow- |A free-growing bush 6 feet
(the Scorpion Senna|Leguminosae |tinged |high, with a profusion of
Coronilla) | |red; May |pea-shaped blossoms. It
| |and June |needs a well-drained, warm
| | |soil.
| | |
C. juncea (the |South of France |Bright |An erect shrub less than a
Rush-like | |yellow |yard high, with rush-like
Coronilla) | | |shoots, suggesting those
| | |of the Spanish Broom, and
| | |also almost devoid of
| | |leaves. When in full bloom
| | |it is decidedly pretty.
| | |
*Corylopsis |Japan; |Primrose; |This delightful little
pauciflora |Hamamelideae |Spring, |shrub, when fully grown,
| |before the|makes a dense bush, with
| |leaves |branches 6 feet high. The
| | |leaves are small, thin in
| | |texture, prettily tinted
| | |when young, and again in
| | |autumn. The flowers are
| | |primrose-yellow in colour
| | |and fragrant. They are
| | |arranged from two to four
| | |together in drooping
| | |catkins from every node on
| | |the previous season's wood.
| | |Though it is quite hardy in
| | |other respects the flowers
| | |are easily damaged by
| | |frost.
| | |
C. spicata |Japan |Also |A shrub between 3 and 4
| |cowslip- |feet high, and better known
| |coloured |than C. pauciflora. It
| |and |flowers in spring before
| |scented |the leaves appear.
| | |
*Crataegus | | |
(Thorns). See p. | | |
376. | | |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _CYTISUS CAPITATUS._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Cytisus albus |Spain and |White; |A beautiful and popular
(White Spanish or |Portugal; |May |Broom. It grows with great
Portuguese Broom) |introduced in | |rapidity, and flowers
|1752; | |bountifully and regularly.
|Leguminosae | |A bush 6 or 7 feet high, in
| | |full flower is a delightful
| | |picture, and one never
| | |seems to tire of it. Group
| | |it with the common Broom.
| | |It is very cheap and easily
| | |raised from seed. Loudon
| | |says: "In good soil it is
| | |of very rapid growth,
| | |attaining the height of 5
| | |feet or 6 feet in three or
| | |four years, and in six or
| | |eight years growing as high
| | |as 15 feet or even 20 feet
| | |if in a sheltered
| | |situation. Placed by itself
| | |on a lawn it forms a
| | |singularly ornamental
| | |plant, even when not in
| | |flower, by the varied
| | |disposition and tufting of
| | |its twiggy thread-like
| | |branches. When in flower it
| | |is one of the finest
| | |ornaments of the garden."
| | |Loudon also says that bees
| | |are fond of the flowers.
| | |
C. albus |Variety |Pinkish |Rare, and not so beautiful
incarnatus | | |as the parent.
| | |
*C. Ardoini |Maritime Alps |Pure |Quite a dwarf Broom, a few
| |yellow; |inches high. It is a
| |April and |charming Broom for the rock
| |May |garden, placing it where it
| | |can spread out its shoots
| | |on all sides. It is
| | |happiest in sun and dry
| | |soil as the other Brooms.
| | |
*C. austriacus |Native of |Yellow; |C. banaticus and C.
(Austrian Broom) |Austrian woods, |July and |serotinus are synonyms.
|also of Italy |August |The chief value of this
|and Siberia. | |Broom is in its late
|Introduced in | |flowering, when its yellow
|1741 | |flower clusters are very
| | |welcome.
| | |
C. a. leucanthus |Variety |Very pale |Not important.
| |yellow, |
| |sometimes |
| |almost |
| |white |
| | |
C. biflorus |Hungary |Bright |This is not so important as
| |yellow; |the Moonlight Broom,
| |May |Andreanus, and some others.
| | |It grows about 3 feet high,
| | |but even in a group it is
| | |not imposing.
| | |
C. capitatus |Found on wood |Yellow; |This is also a dwarf and
|edges in Austria|June |not important Broom.
|and introduced | |
|in 1774 | |
| | |
C. hirsutus |Asia Minor and |Yellow; |This is another dwarf and
|South of Europe.|June |unimportant shrub.
|Introduced in | |
|1739 | |
| | |
*C. kewensis |Hybrid between |Creamy |A most interesting and
|C. albus and C. |white; |beautiful Broom, which, as
|Ardoini |May |it becomes better known,
| | |will be popular in gardens.
| | |It was raised in the Royal
| | |Gardens, Kew; hence the
| | |name, C. Ardoini being the
| | |seed parent. It is only
| | |suitable for the rock
| | |garden, where its slender
| | |shoots can spread out and
| | |form a mantle of soft
| | |colouring, or to make a
| | |spreading group on the
| | |grass. There is little
| | |trace in it of C. albus,
| | |except in the flower
| | |colouring. This is a Broom
| | |for all good gardens.
| | |
*C. nigricans |Austria |Bright |This is also a lovely
| |yellow; |Broom, so named because it
| |July and |turns black when dried. It
| |August |should be in the smallest
| | |list of beautiful flowering
| | |shrubs, and it is singular
| | |that it is so seldom seen.
| | |The growth is bushy and
| | |smothered with flowers in
| | |July and August, sometimes
| | |before, and lasts a long
| | |while in beauty. Sunshine
| | |and poor soil bring out its
| | |finest qualities. One can
| | |scarcely say too much in
| | |its praise, especially as
| | |it blooms at a time few
| | |trees and shrubs are in
| | |flower.
| | |
*C. praecox |Hybrid between |Sulphur |One of the most fascinating
|C. purgans and |yellow; |of all flowering shrubs.
|C. albus |April to |It makes clouds of soft
| |May |colouring, every shoot
| | |hidden with the wealth of
| | |bloom; whilst when out of
| | |flower there is beauty in
| | |the brilliant green
| | |colouring of the long
| | |slender shoots. It is a
| | |shrub to make groups of in
| | |the flower garden, grows
| | |quickly, does not soon get
| | |"leggy," and is very dense.
| | |The big groups of it on the
| | |grass in the Royal Gardens,
| | |Kew, are one of the
| | |delights of the spring
| | |season there. The ordinary
| | |shrubbery is the worst
| | |place for it, all its
| | |gracefulness is lost, there
| | |is no fountain of flowers
| | |from the slender shoots. It
| | |is best raised from
| | |cuttings, as seedlings are
| | |apt to reproduce C. albus
| | |only. Also well known as
| | |Genista praecox.
| | |
C. purgans |South and |Yellow |Chiefly of note because it
|Central Europe | |is one of the parents of C.
| | |praecox, but is of little
| | |account for the English
| | |garden. It is necessary in
| | |a collection, but nowhere
| | |else.
| | |
*C. purpureus |Found in Eastern|Purple |A delightful shrub when
|Europe in | |properly placed. Loudon's
|exposed | |advice to graft it "on the
|situations | |laburnum standard high" is
| | |bad, and has been followed
| | |in many gardens. This way
| | |of treating the shrub is
| | |utterly foreign to its
| | |nature; it is a _trailing_
| | |Broom, and therefore should
| | |be planted on the rough
| | |garden or some bank where
| | |it can spread in its own
| | |way. We have seen it
| | |falling over a boulder and
| | |making a trail of purple
| | |colouring in May. Rare
| | |varieties are albus, white,
| | |and one with flowers of
| | |rose tint. The famous
| | |Cytisus Adami is the
| | |outcome of grafting this
| | |species on the Scotch
| | |laburnum (L. alpinum). This
| | |curious graft-hybrid
| | |usually excites much
| | |interest when in flower,
| | |both yellow and purple
| | |racemes appearing on the
| | |same tree.
| | |
C. sessilifolius |A native of the |Yellow; |A Broom for a collection,
|south of France |May |but without the
|and Piedmont, | |effectiveness of C.
|and was | |praecox, Andreanus, and
|cultivated in | |others.
|Britain by | |
|Parkinson in | |
|1569. | |
| | |
C. Schipkaensis |Introduced |White |This is a charming little
| | |rock-garden shrub, and very
| | |rare as yet, but well worth
| | |noting for its
| | |distinctiveness and
| | |freedom.
| | |
*C. scoparius |Europe |Yellow |The hardy Cytisuses are
(Common Broom) | | |popularly known as Brooms,
| | |and the Broom of the waste
| | |lands of the British Isles
| | |is Cytisus scoparius, which
| | |makes clouds of golden
| | |yellow in the early summer.
| | |Many a dryish bank now
| | |flowerless might be made
| | |beautiful with this
| | |glorious shrub. Where Broom
| | |is not plentiful as a wild
| | |plant, and therefore
| | |generally where the soil is
| | |not suitable for it, the
| | |soil should be made so; it
| | |need only be well drained
| | |and open.
| | |
*C. s. andreanus |Choice variety |Brownish |This varies considerably
|found in |crimson |from seed, and often
|Normandy by M. |and |reverts to the typical
|Ed. Andre, after|yellow; |yellow Broom. If possible
|whom it is named|Spring |get own root-plants from
| | |original stock. A beautiful
| | |shrub, which we can
| | |scarcely have too much of,
| | |but in some gardens it is
| | |used too freely. When in
| | |full bloom, and the variety
| | |is rich in colouring, it is
| | |superb.
| | |
C. s. pendulus |Variety |Pale |Quite a pendulous variety,
(Drooping Broom) | |yellow |but uncommon. It is
| | |apparently little known,
| | |though so charming when on
| | |a bank or rock garden. A
| | |group of it in either of
| | |these positions would be a
| | |revelation to those who
| | |know not the value of this
| | |family for the English
| | |garden.
| | |
*C. s. sulphureus |Variety |Pale |Described by Loudon in his
(pallidus), | |yellow |"Arboretum" as C. s. albus,
(Moonlight Broom) | | |"the flowers white or of a
| | |very pale yellow." It is a
| | |rare shrub, but should not
| | |be so. Mr. Goldring writes
| | |of it in "The Garden" as
| | |follows: "The Moonlight
| | |Brown is a very
| | |old variety, as it was
| | |described by Loudon sixty
| | |years ago, but it is still
| | |a rare shrub, not easily
| | |obtainable, though it is
| | |grown in some of the
| | |largest nurseries.
| | |Its pale yellow flowers are
| | |in beautiful harmony with
| | |the rich yellow of the type
| | |Andreanus. The only private
| | |garden where I have seen it
| | |in established mass is that
| | |of Mrs. Robb at Liphook,
| | |where all kinds of tree and
| | |shrub varieties are
| | |treasured. I do not know if
| | |it comes true from seed,
| | |but I fancy not."
| | |
C. s. flore-pleno |Variety |Yellow |A so-called double variety
| | |in which some of the petals
| | |are duplicated, but it is
| | |not finer than the type,
| | |though it is interesting as
| | |one of the few double
| | |varieties in pea-shaped
| | |flowers.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _MOONLIGHT BROOM (Cytisus scoparius var. pallidus)._]
[Illustration: _A HYBRID BROOM (Cytisus kewensis) AT KEW._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Crataegus (Thorns) |Rosaceae | |The Crataegus family
| | |comprises nearly 100
| | |species and varieties,
| | |contains some of the most
| | |beautiful of small garden
| | |trees, both with regard to
| | |the charm of their white,
| | |pink, and scarlet flowers,
| | |and the scarlet, black, and
| | |yellow fruits. Most of the
| | |Thorns are either large
| | |shrubs or small trees, and
| | |are specially suitable for
| | |small gardens, whilst none
| | |of them require particular
| | |attention, as all will grow
| | |in almost any soil and
| | |situation. Old trees
| | |occasionally require to be
| | |relieved of small wood and
| | |decaying branches, and a
| | |good top-dressing of manure
| | |is beneficial sometimes to
| | |those which flower and
| | |fruit freely; but beyond
| | |this Thorns need no
| | |attention after they have
| | |been planted and
| | |become established. The
| | |species can be increased by
| | |seeds, which are obtained
| | |by gathering the fruits
| | |when ripe, and mixing them
| | |with sand. The mixture of
| | |fruits and sand should then
| | |be put in a heap in a
| | |sheltered place
| | |out-of-doors, and covered
| | |with a few turfs. By the
| | |following spring the fruits
| | |will have rotted, and the
| | |seeds can be separated and
| | |sown. A fair proportion
| | |will germinate the first
| | |year, and the remainder
| | |the second. Many of the
| | |Thorns can also be
| | |propagated by root
| | |cuttings. For this purpose
| | |healthy, vigorous shoots,
| | |as thick as a man's finger,
| | |should be obtained in
| | |autumn or winter, and cut
| | |into pieces four inches to
| | |eight inches in length,
| | |cutting the end nearest the
| | |stem flat, and the other
| | |slanting, so that either
| | |end can be readily
| | |distinguished. These should
| | |be inserted upright in the
| | |ground, with the tops
| | |nearly or just covered;
| | |they soon form roots, and
| | |grow into strong plants.
| | |The genus is found
| | |practically throughout the
| | |temperate region, from
| | |Europe throughout the East
| | |and Central Asia to China
| | |and Japan, and in North
| | |America. One species is
| | |found in Mexico--but this,
| | |and in fact all the Thorns
| | |are hardy in this country.
| | |
*C. Azarolus |South-East |Pure |This grows to a height of
|Europe and Asia |white; |about 20 feet. It is very
|Minor |late |showy, and has pure white
| |Spring |flowers followed by large
| | |yellow fruits; the leaves
| | |are about twice the size of
| | |those of the Hawthorn, and
| | |rather deeply cut.
| | |Crataegus Aronia is a
| | |synonym.
| | |
*C. Carrierei |A reputed |Pure |A very handsome Thorn, 12
|hybrid, but |white; |feet to 15 feet, shapely,
|parentage |late |leaves large, bright glossy
|unknown. |Spring |green above, whitish
|Supposed to be | |beneath. Flowers appear
|C. mexicana and | |freely in large corymbs,
|C. tomentosa | |followed by clusters of
| | |pear-shaped green fruits,
| | |which hang on the tree
| | |until the end of the year,
| | |changing finally to dull,
| | |yellowish red.
| | |
*C. coccinea (the |North America; |White; |This is one of the most
Scarlet Thorn) |introduced in |late |striking of all the thorns;
|1683 |Spring |it has large bright-green
| | |leaves, and flowers nearly
| | |an inch across, and in
| | |dense corymbs. These are
| | |followed by clusters of
| | |brilliant scarlet-coloured
| | |fruits. There are several
| | |varieties equal to or even
| | |finer than the species. One
| | |is *Macracantha, which has
| | |spines sometimes 5 inches
| | |long, and bright scarlet
| | |haws, not so large as those
| | |of the species, but
| | |produced more abundantly.
| | |It should be more
| | |frequently seen in gardens,
| | |and is worthy to rank as a
| | |species. Indentata has
| | |deeply-cut leaves and
| | |bright-red fruits.
| | |
*C. cordata |North America |White; |This is a small tree with
(Washington Thorn) | |June |thin, glossy, heart-shaped
| | |leaves and small flowers,
| | |orange-red fruits, not
| | |unlike those of C.
| | |Pyracantha, and carried
| | |late in the year. Birds,
| | |however, enjoy them.
| | |
C. Crus-Galli (the |North America |White; |This is a handsome American
Cockspur Thorn) | |June |Thorn, and one of the most
| | |striking of the whole
| | |family. It has stout,
| | |glossy leaves and
| | |formidable spines, these
| | |often being from 3 to 4
| | |inches long, and gave rise
| | |to the popular name. The
| | |brick-red fruits hang on
| | |the tree long after the
| | |leaves have fallen, and
| | |make a bright winter
| | |picture. There are several
| | |varieties. Arbutifolia has
| | |shorter spines and smaller
| | |fruits than the type; the
| | |leaves are also narrower
| | |and duller in colour;
| | |linearis has long linear
| | |leaves and bright-red
| | |fruits. Ovalifolia has
| | |large oval shining leaves
| | |and bright scarlet fruits,
| | |it is rather more upright
| | |than the type. *Splendens
| | |makes a handsome, shapely
| | |tree about 20 feet high,
| | |and flowers and fruits very
| | |freely; the leaves are
| | |rounded, green, and
| | |shining, and the flowers
| | |pure white, in small
| | |corymbs, and followed by
| | |bright-scarlet fruits.
| | |
C. Douglasii |Western side of |White; |This is a large
|North America |late |irregular-shaped tree 20
| |Spring |feet to 30 feet, and has
| | |short stout spines about an
| | |inch long; the flowers
| | |appear in small clusters,
| | |and the fruits are small
| | |and black. Wood and spines
| | |are brown and quite shiny.
| | |Rivularis has smaller and
| | |thicker leaves, and shorter
| | |and stouter wood.
| | |
C. hiemalis |Probably a |White; |A tree 15 feet to 20 feet
|hybrid, but |Spring |high, round shining leaves,
|origin unknown | |and rather large black
| | |fruits, which are the first
| | |to ripen of the Thorns.
| | |
*C. melanocarpa |Caucasus |White; |A very handsome Thorn. It
| |Spring |is a small flat-topped tree
| | |of medium height, the
| | |leaves somewhat like those
| | |of the Hawthorn in shape,
| | |and covered with a thick
| | |grey tomentum; the fruits
| | |are small, black, and
| | |shining.
| | |
C. mollis |United States |White, |Like C. coccinea, but even
| |with a |handsomer. It is a small
| |small red |tree, 15 feet high, with
| |mark at |spreading head, and large
| |the base |firm leaves slightly woolly
| |of each |on the back; the flowers
| |petal |are large, and succeeded by
| | |bright-crimson,
| | |medium-sized fruit.
| | |
C. nigra |Eastern Europe |White; |This makes a fair-sized
| |May |tree, and has small black
| | |fruit. The foliage is very
| | |abundant, deeply cut, and
| | |woolly on both sides. It
| | |almost hides flowers and
| | |fruit.
| | |
*C. orientalis |Europe |White; |A handsome Thorn in fruit.
| |May |It is a small flat-topped
| | |tree, and has large
| | |clusters of flowers, the
| | |oval fruits being yellowish
| | |red. Sanguinea is a very
| | |showy variety, with deep
| | |ruby-red fruits, but the
| | |scarlet colour of the type
| | |is brighter.
| | |
*C. Oxyacantha |Widely |White; |Too well known to describe.
(Hawthorn, White |distributed, |May |It has been divided into
Thorn, May) |Europe, Western | |two sub-species, viz. C.
|Asia, and North | |monogyna in which there is
|Africa | |usually only one style in
| | |the flowers and one seed in
| | |the fruit, and C.
| | |oxyacanthoides, where the
| | |number of styles is usually
| | |three, and from two to four
| | |seeds in the fruit. These
| | |differences are generally
| | |decided. There are other
| | |differences also in growth
| | |difficult to explain, but
| | |can be detected easily by
| | |an experienced eye.
| | |
C. monogyna |...... |...... |This is the Hawthorn of the
(sub-species) | | |hedgerows, and there are
| | |many varieties.
| | |Twenty-eight are recorded
| | |in the Kew Hand-list. The
| | |most beautiful are aurea,
| | |with golden-yellow haws,
| | |crispa pendula, a pretty
| | |weeping tree; Gumperi
| | |versicolor, very handsome
| | |deep-red, shading to pink
| | |in the centre; laciniata, a
| | |handsome tree with deeply
| | |cut leaves, sometimes
| | |called C. apiifolia, but
| | |must not be confounded with
| | |North American species of
| | |that name. Macrocarpa has
| | |larger fruits than the
| | |type, oxyphylla, large
| | |white flowers and handsome
| | |fruits, a round-headed
| | |tree. Praecox is the
| | |Glastonbury Thorn, supposed
| | |to flower at Christmas,
| | |but rarely does so owing to
| | |frost. This is the Thorn
| | |which is associated with
| | |the famous legend.
| | |*Semperflorens is a good
| | |variety, a low-growing
| | |tree, which flowers for a
| | |much longer period than the
| | |other Thorns. Stricta makes
| | |a dense upright-growing
| | |tree, 30 feet or more high;
| | |it grows rapidly, and when
| | |in flower is strikingly
| | |distinct in appearance.
| | |
C. oxyacanthoides |...... |...... |This is distinguished from
(sub-species) | | |C. monogyna by the styles
| | |and seeds as stated above;
| | |and also by the larger
| | |leaves, flowers, and fruit.
| | |All the double-flowered
| | |Thorns belong to this
| | |section. Atrofusca, a
| | |large, shapely tree, of
| | |weeping growth; the flowers
| | |large, pure white, and the
| | |fruits fair sized and
| | |abundantly produced.
| | |*Flore-pleno albo, the
| | |double white Thorn, with
| | |purest white flowers. This,
| | |like the other double
| | |Thorns, rarely fruits.
| | |*Flore-pleno coccineo, the
| | |double Scarlet Thorn, one
| | |of the most beautiful of
| | |trees when covered with its
| | |scarlet flowers. Very
| | |pleasing when grouped with
| | |the double white variety or
| | |the Laburnum; *Paul's
| | |double Scarlet, a
| | |well-known and beautiful
| | |Thorn. *Flore puniceo, a
| | |rich purplish pink, single,
| | |and fructu luteo, bright
| | |yellow fruits, effective in
| | |autumn.
| | |
*C. pinnatifida |China and |Pure |The variety *major is the
|Central Asia |white; |best to grow. It is
| |May |stronger, and has very
| | |large leaves, 4 to 6 inches
| | |long, thick and shining. It
| | |does not show its true
| | |beauty until of some age,
| | |but it is a hardy tree of
| | |great beauty. The flowers
| | |are in large corymbs, and
| | |the fruits are of an
| | |intense shining red,
| | |pear-shaped, and make a
| | |bright picture in autumn.
| | |This variety is often
| | |labelled C. Layi.
| | |
*C. punctata |East and North |Variable |A good garden tree; it is
|America | |variable, but the accepted
| | |type has white flowers and
| | |bright red fruits as large
| | |as a small Crab apple.
| | |Another form has smaller
| | |deep ruby-red fruits.
| | |Brevispina, striata, and
| | |xanthocarpa are varieties,
| | |the last mentioned with
| | |bright yellow fruits.
| | |
*C. Pyracantha |South Europe, |White |An evergreen Thorn.
(Fiery Thorn) |in hedges and | |Introduced in 1629, and a
|rough ground | |well known shrub. Its
| | |charms consist in its dense
| | |glossy leaves and brilliant
| | |masses of scarlet berries.
| | |It can be grown as a bush
| | |or trained up a wall or
| | |trellis. It is so brilliant
| | |when in fruit that the
| | |French call it buisson
| | |ardent, or Burning Bush.
| | |This Thorn should be more
| | |grown as a bush, and not
| | |confined as it usually is
| | |to a south wall. As the
| | |fruits are bitter they are
| | |not cared for by the birds,
| | |and thus make a display
| | |through the winter.
| | |Laelandi is a variety with
| | |larger and deeper coloured
| | |fruits.
| | |
C. sanguinea |Siberia |White; |This is not of great garden
| |May |value, but effective in
| | |winter owing to the red
| | |bark. Songorica is a
| | |variety also with reddish
| | |bark.
| | |
*C. tanacetifolia |Levant; |White; |This is rare, and can be
(Tansy-leaved |introduced 1789 |May |recognised by bracts at the
Thorn) | | |base of the fruits. The
| | |fruits are very large,
| | |yellow, and of good
| | |flavour, and eaten in the
| | |native country of the tree.
| | |The specimen at Kew flowers
| | |regularly and abundantly
| | |every year.
| | |
C. spathulata |United States |White; |A very distinct Thorn,
| |May |small, and the leaves are
| | |persistent, remaining on
| | |until the New Year. The
| | |fruits are very small and
| | |scarlet.
| | |
*C. tomentosa |Eastern United |White; |A late flowering and
|States |June |handsome Thorn when its
| | |orange-yellow fruits are in
| | |perfection, but the birds
| | |soon consume them.
| | |
C. uniflora |North America, |Creamy |More curious than
|and introduced |white; |beautiful; it is only 2
|by the famous |early June|feet to 3 feet high and has
|tree bishop, | |greenish haws.
|Bishop Compton, | |
|in 1713 | |
| | |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Cyrilla racemiflora|Florida to North|White |Quite a shrub, 4 feet to 6
|Carolina, &c. | |feet high, very rare,
|Cyrillea | |although introduced as long
| | |ago as 1765. The flowers
| | |are in drooping racemes on
| | |previous season's growth.
| | |
*Daboecia |Western Europe |Rosy |A pretty little Heath-like
polifolia, St. |and Ireland; |purple, |shrub growing about 18
Daboec's Heath |Ericaceae |bell- |inches high, and producing
(Syn. Andromeda | |shaped; |erect spikes of
Daboecia) | |May, and |comparatively large
| |throughout|bell-shaped blossoms. It is
| |Summer and|the most continuous
| |Autumn |blooming of its class.
| | |There is a beautiful pure
| | |white variety--alba.
| | |
Daphne alpina |Alps of Europe; |White; |A spreading deciduous
(Alpine Daphne) |Thymelaeaceae |May and |shrub, with white,
| |June |sweet-scented flowers. It
| | |grows about a couple of
| | |feet high, and is
| | |essentially a shrub for the
| | |rockwork, as it is
| | |particularly happy when the
| | |roots are wedged between
| | |stones.
| | |
*D. blagayana |Carniola |Ivory |Like the last, this forms a
| |white; |spreading bush, and is
| |March and |equally at home under
| |April |similar positions. It is,
| | |however, of an evergreen
| | |character; the ivory white
| | |are very sweet-scented
| | |blossoms. It is worthy of a
| | |place among the most select
| | |Daphnes, but difficult to
| | |grow well.
| | |
*D. Cneorum |South Europe |Bright |A delightful little
(Garland Flower) | |rose; |evergreen, with highly
| |May to |fragrant blossoms. A good
| |June |proportion of vegetable
| | |soil is necessary to its
| | |welldoing.
| | |
D. Genkwa (Japanese|Japan |Lilac |In its flowers this Daphne
Lilac) | | |closely resembles the
| | |Lilac, so that it is
| | |frequently mistaken for
| | |that well-known shrub. It
| | |needs the protection of a
| | |wall in most parts of
| | |England.
| | |
D. Laureola (Spurge|South Europe and|Yellowish |The flowers of this are not
Laurel) |North Africa |green |particularly showy, but as
| | |an evergreen bush some 3 or
| | |4 feet high it is valuable
| | |from the fact that it will
| | |thrive under the drip of
| | |trees, and is one of the
| | |few evergreens absolutely
| | |rabbit proof.
| | |
*D. Mezereum (the |Northern Europe |Red; |This is an upright
Mezereon) | |early year|deciduous bush that flowers
| | |in February or March
| | |according to the season. At
| | |that time the still
| | |leafless branches are
| | |packed for some distance
| | |with the pretty fragrant
| | |blossoms, so that it may
| | |be regarded as the most
| | |showy shrub at that time in
| | |bloom. There is a variety
| | |(alba) with white blossoms,
| | |and another (autumnalis
| | |or grandiflora) that
| | |blooms before Christmas.
| | |A cool, loamy soil suits
| | |this best.
| | |
*D. oleoides (Syn. |South Europe |Purplish |A neat growing evergreen
D. fioniana, Syn. | |rose |bush about a yard high,
D. neapolitana) | | |whose flowers are often
| | |borne throughout the
| | |greater part of the year.
| | |It is less attractive than
| | |some of the others.
| | |
D. pontica |Asia Minor |Yellow |A good deal in the way of
| | |Daphne Laureola, but the
| | |flowers are of a brighter
| | |yellow, and are borne in
| | |April and May, whereas D.
| | |Laureola flowers in
| | |February and March.
| | |
D. sericea (Syn. D.|...... |Deep pink |A compact evergreen 2 to 3
collina) | | |feet high, clothed with
| | |dark-green box-like leaves,
| | |while the terminal clusters
| | |of flowers are borne in
| | |early Spring. It prefers a
| | |cool, fairly moist, yet
| | |well-drained soil.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _GARLAND FLOWER (Daphne Cneorum) ON SUNNY BANK,
EDINBURGH._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Deutzia crenata |Japan; |White; |A bold growing and handsome
(Syn. D. scabra) |Saxifrageae |Midsummer |deciduous shrub, with white
| | |blossoms. There is a
| | |double-flowered variety,
| | |tinged with purple on the
| | |outside, known as D.
| | |crenata flore-pleno
| | |purpurea. Both are
| | |beautiful shrubs that will
| | |thrive in most soils.
| | |
*D. discolor |China |White, |This has pretty
purpurascens | |tinged |purple-tinged blossoms
| |purple; |borne in flattened corymbs,
| |late May |and not, when in the bud
| | |state, liable to be injured
| | |by late spring frosts.
| | |
*D. gracilis |Japan |White; |The best known of all the
| |Spring |Deutzias, forming a compact
| | |bush a couple of feet high,
| | |and bearing masses of its
| | |pretty white blossoms.
| | |
*D. hybrida |Hybrid |White and |There are now several
| |pink |beautiful hybrid Deutzias,
| | |viz., hybrida rosea,
| | |hybrida venusta,
| | |kalmaeflora, Lemoinei,
| | |Lemoinei compacta, all of
| | |which merit a place in
| | |gardens.
| | |
*D. parviflora |China |White; |An upright shrub 5 feet
| |end of |high, with flattened
| |April and |clusters of white blossoms,
| |early May |very suggestive of those of
| | |the Hawthorn.
| | |
*Diervilla florida |Japan; |Rose; |A beautiful free-growing,
(Syn. Weigela |Caprifoliaceae |Summer |free-flowering shrub, that
amabilis, W. rosea)| | |will hold its own almost
| | |anywhere. Its flowering
| | |time is in May or early
| | |June, but occasionally
| | |there is an Autumn display.
| | |Beside the original species
| | |there are many garden
| | |varieties, all of which are
| | |beautiful, but there are so
| | |many that a selection is
| | |necessary. Three of the
| | |best are: *candida, white;
| | |*Abel Carriere, bright
| | |rose; and *Eva Rathke,
| | |claret crimson, which lasts
| | |in flower more or less from
| | |May till the end of the
| | |Summer. Other good
| | |varieties are: Dr. Baillon,
| | |red; Groenewegenii, rose
| | |and white; hortensis nivea,
| | |white, spreading habit;
| | |Looymansi aurea, golden
| | |leaves; praecox, rose,
| | |earlier than any of the
| | |others; and P. Durchartre,
| | |purplish red. In any
| | |selection of flowering
| | |shrubs some of the Weigelas
| | |must certainly have a
| | |place.
| | |
D. middendorfiana |Siberia |Yellowish |Remarkable among Weigelas
| | |for its distinct yellow
| | |flowers. Though pretty in
| | |itself, it is likely to
| | |prove of more value in the
| | |production of new varieties
| | |by crossing it with the
| | |older kinds.
| | |
Enkianthus |Japan; |Dark red |A very charming and
campanulatus |Ericaceae | |interesting shrub
| | |resembling one of the
| | |Andromeda. A tree in its
| | |native country. The
| | |flowers are pendent and in
| | |clusters.
| | |
Epigaea repens |Ericaceae. The |Pale |In Bailey's "Cyclopaedia of
(Trailing Arbutus, |most popular of |white, |American Horticulture" it
Ground Laurel, |wild flowers in |with pink |is mentioned: "The
Mayflower) |New England |tint; very|cultivation of the Trailing
| |sweetly |Arbutus, especially in
| |scented; |districts where it has been
| |Spring |exterminated by ruthless
| | |'mayflower parties,' always
| | |attracts interest....
| | |Occurs in sandy and rocky
| | |woods, especially under
| | |evergreen trees, in
| | |earliest Spring. Thrives
| | |only in humid soil and
| | |shady situations.
| | |Transplanted with
| | |difficulty. Best on north
| | |side of a hill in bright,
| | |sandy soil, mixed with leaf
| | |mould. Once established, it
| | |spreads rapidly. Propagated
| | |by division of old plants,
| | |layers, or cuttings. Seeds
| | |are rarely found, but when
| | |found may be used, though
| | |slow to develop." My
| | |experience is that it likes
| | |a damp, shady ditch side in
| | |peaty soil. Mr. G. F.
| | |Wilson planted it near to
| | |Shortia galacifolia, and
| | |the two were quite happy
| | |together.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _THE MAY-FLOWER (Epigaea repens). (Shortia galacifolia is
the top flower)_]
[Illustration: _ERINACEA PUNGENS._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Erinacea pungens |Spain; |Blue; |Somewhat resembling the
|Leguminosae |May and |dwarf-growing Genistas is
| |June |this extremely rare and
| | |pretty little shrub. It
| | |grows very slowly, and
| | |seldom attains a height of
| | |9 inches, spreading out in
| | |a mat-like mass rather than
| | |growing in an upward
| | |direction. The branches are
| | |short, stiff, and spiny,
| | |and what few leaves there
| | |are are small. The
| | |pea-shaped blossoms come
| | |from the axils of short,
| | |spiny branches, and are
| | |blue. This plant has been
| | |in cultivation for a great
| | |number of years, never,
| | |however, having become at
| | |all common. This is no
| | |doubt due to the great
| | |difficulty there is in
| | |propagating it. Seeds
| | |appear to be the only means
| | |of increase, and these are
| | |borne very sparingly even
| | |when the plant is growing
| | |under natural conditions.
| | |It has been said to be a
| | |tender plant, but it has
| | |withstood several winters
| | |out of doors at Kew without
| | |injury. Plants are to be
| | |seen there near the
| | |Temperate house, and they
| | |flower every year.
| | |
Escallonia illinita|Chili; |White; |A neat evergreen shrub 4 to
|Saxifrageae |Summer |5 feet high, with pretty
| | |white flowers. It is only
| | |in mild districts, such as
| | |the South and West of
| | |England, that the
| | |Escallonias are seen at
| | |their best.
| | |
*E. macrantha (Syn.|Chiloe |Crimson |The finest of all the
E. Ingrami) | |red; |Escallonias, and one of the
| |Summer |hardiest. It is a
| | |free-growing shrub over
| | |6 feet high, clothed with
| | |rich green shiny leaves,
| | |and the bright-coloured
| | |fuchsia-like flowers are
| | |freely borne. It is a good
| | |wall-plant, and stands the
| | |sea-breeze well.
| | |
E. langleyensis |Hybrid |Rose |Raised by Messrs. J. Veitch
| |carmine |between E. sanguinea and
| | |E. philippiana. It has
| | |small, dark-green leaves,
| | |and an abundance of
| | |brightly coloured flowers.
| | |A good shrub.
| | |
E. montevidensis |Montevideo |White |Grows from 8 to 10 feet
(Syn. E. | | |high, and bears its
floribunda) | | |clusters of white flowers
| | |in great profusion. It is
| | |too tender for planting
| | |except in the extreme West
| | |of England and in Ireland.
| | |
*E. philippiana |Valdivia |White; |Will succeed as a bush in
| |Summer |the neighbourhood of
| | |London, where its small
| | |white flowers are borne in
| | |the greatest profusion.
| | |
E. punctata |Chili |Deep red; |A much-branched evergreen
| |July |shrub 5 to 6 feet high.
| | |
E. rubra |Chili |Red; |Differs from the last in
| |Summer |the absence of spots on the
| |and early |young leaves, in the
| |Autumn |flowers being rather
| | |lighter in colour, and
| | |borne for a longer period.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _ESCALLONIA PHILIPPIANA (Kew)._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Exochorda |China; |May; |See p. 2.
grandiflora |Rosaceae |White |
| | |
*Forsythia (Golden |Oleaceae; hybrid|Yellow; |This is a charming early
Bell) intermedia |between F. |Spring |shrub. It may be either
|suspensa and F. | |grouped or trained, but one
|viridissima. | |has to be careful not to
|Represents the | |make it too stiff. It is
|two parents | |quite hardy, and a bush.
| | |
*F. suspensa (Syn. |China |Yellow; |A graceful and beautiful
F. Fortunei and F. | |Spring |rambling shrub, now well
Sieboldi) | | |known. It succeeds well in
| | |London--that is, if given
| | |anything like favourable
| | |conditions. A fence fully
| | |exposed to the sun in a
| | |London backyard is clothed
| | |with it, and each recurring
| | |spring the Forsythia
| | |flowers profusely, and
| | |forms an object of great
| | |beauty. Immediately the
| | |season of blooming is past
| | |the plant is severely
| | |pruned, the old and
| | |exhausted wood being cut
| | |out and the vigorous shoots
| | |spurred back to within
| | |three or four eyes of the
| | |base. This results in the
| | |production of long,
| | |wand-like shoots, which are
| | |allowed to develop at will,
| | |hence they dispose
| | |themselves in a loose and
| | |informal way, and being
| | |from the position of the
| | |plant thoroughly ripened,
| | |the spring display is in
| | |every way satisfactory.
| | |When autumn pruning is done
| | |the best portion of the
| | |flowering wood gets cut
| | |away.
| | |
*F. viridissima |China |Yellow; |Quite a bush, and very
| |Spring |handsome when in full
| | |bloom. Likes full sun and
| | |air.
| | |
Fraxinus Ornus |Mediterranean |Creamy |This is a very charming
(Flowering Ash), |region and |white; |lawn tree with luxuriant
(Syn. Ornus |Orient |late May |panicles of flowers, and
europaea) | | |foliage like that of the
| | |common ash. Angustifolia,
| | |latifolia, and variegata
| | |are varieties.
| | |
F. floribunda (Syn.|Himalaya |White; |Rather tender, but very
Ornus floribunda) | |Summer |vigorous and handsome.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
FUCHSIA.--Though the genus Fuchsia is an extensive one, most of them are
of more value in the greenhouse than outdoors--that is to say,
throughout the greater part of the country. Still there are a few quite
hardy Fuchsias, for, even if cut to the ground during severe winters
they soon recover, while in particularly favoured districts, such as in
the West of England and the Isle of Wight, they grow unchecked into
large bushes, and sometimes make delightful hedges. Few flowering shrubs
are more beautiful than F. corallina and F. Riccartoni when in full
bloom. The hardiest are:--
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Fuchsia corallina |Garden origin; |Red; |A plant of more vigorous
(Syn. F. |Onagraceae |Summer and|growth, and with larger
exoniensis) | |Autumn |leaves and flowers than any
| | |of the other hardy
| | |Fuchsias. It is very
| | |popular in the West of
| | |England, but is not nearly
| | |so effective when cut to
| | |the ground each winter as
| | |some of the others are.
| | |
*F. globosa |Chili |Red; |A free-growing Fuchsia
| |Summer and|which, if cut to the
| |Autumn |ground, pushes up long,
| | |wand-like shoots that
| | |branch out freely, and
| | |towards the latter part of
| | |the summer are smothered
| | |with bright-coloured
| | |flowers. In the bud state
| | |these are of a globose
| | |shape, hence its specific
| | |name.
| | |
*F. gracilis |Mexico |Red; |The name gracilis well
| |Summer and|expresses the prominent
| |Autumn |features of this Fuchsia,
| | |for, though as vigorous as
| | |globosa, it is far more
| | |slender and graceful. Where
| | |not perfectly hardy the
| | |drooping flowers are seen
| | |to great advantage when the
| | |shrub is trained to a wall,
| | |and planted in a permanent
| | |bed the old stools will,
| | |even in the North of
| | |England, pass unscathed
| | |through the winter, if
| | |protected by a mulch of
| | |decayed leaves. Very
| | |tender.
| | |
*F. Riccartoni |Garden Origin |Red; |This has the reputation of
| |Summer and|being the hardiest of all
| |Autumn |the hardy Fuchsias. It is
| | |in appearance about midway
| | |between F. gracilis and F.
| | |globosa, and is as good as
| | |F. gracilis.
| | |
*Garrya elliptica |California; |Greenish; |A handsome evergreen shrub
|Cornaceae |Winter and|with very dark green,
| |very early|leathery, oval leaves,
| |Spring |about 3 inches long. Its
| | |most notable feature is the
| | |long, pendulous male
| | |catkins, with which the
| | |plant is freely draped
| | |during the early months of
| | |the year. This Garrya is
| | |all the better for the
| | |protection of a wall in
| | |most parts of the country.
| | |The male and female flowers
| | |are borne on separate
| | |plants, the male being,
| | |owing to its catkins, by
| | |far the most ornamental.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _GENISTA (Ulex) HISPANICA. SPANISH FURZE._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Genista |Leguminosae |...... |A popular group of shrubs,
| | |allied to the Cytisus, and
| | |delighting in dry sandy
| | |soils. A group of the finer
| | |species is very rich in
| | |colour when in flower.
| | |
*G. aethnensis |Slopes of Mount |Golden |This Broom is perfectly
|Etna, in Sicily |yellow; |hardy near London. It is
| |July and |one of the rarest of shrubs
| |August |in gardens in spite of its
| | |beauty, and it flowers in
| | |July and August, a season
| | |when even inferior
| | |flowering shrubs are not
| | |plentiful. It has a rather
| | |gaunt, yet not inelegant
| | |habit, and assumes a
| | |somewhat tree-like form
| | |when old, being often
| | |reduced to a single stem at
| | |the base. It carries,
| | |however, a wide head of
| | |thin cord-like, arching or
| | |pendulous branches, with
| | |little or no foliage except
| | |when the wood is quite
| | |young. The flowers are of a
| | |rich golden-yellow, and
| | |during the series of hot
| | |summers we have experienced
| | |in recent years have been
| | |especially abundant. It
| | |would, indeed, be difficult
| | |to find a shrub better
| | |adapted for hot, light
| | |soils than this, a fact
| | |that is amply proved by the
| | |way it succeeds at Kew. It
| | |is a good plant for
| | |associating with
| | |medium-sized evergreens,
| | |which hide its bare stems
| | |and render it more
| | |effective when in flower.
| | |It grows 10 feet to 14 feet
| | |high, and is thus one of
| | |the tallest--if not the
| | |tallest--of the Brooms
| | |hardy in Britain. It ripens
| | |seed freely, and is best
| | |propagated by that means.
| | |
G. cinerea |South-West |Yellow; |This is a shrubby plant for
|Europe |July |the rock-garden in sunny
| | |places.
| | |
*G. hispanica |South-West |Yellow; |A dwarf and charming shrub,
|Europe |July |1 foot to 2 feet high, and
| | |when in bloom covered with
| | |flowers. One of the best of
| | |its race.
| | |
G. monosperma |Sicily |White |Not well known but
| | |interesting. Sandy soil.
| | |Tender.
| | |
G. pilosa |Europe, England |Rich |A prostrate plant for the
| |Yellow; |rock garden. Ordinary soil.
| |May and |
| |June |
| | |
*G. radiata |Central and |Yellow; |Very beautiful when in full
|Southern Europe |Summer |flower on the rock garden,
| | |and will even succeed in a
| | |rough wall.
| | |
G. sagittalis |Europe |Yellow; |Another dwarf species for
| |May and |rock garden.
| |June |
| | |
G. tinctoria |Britain |Yellow; |The double variety
| |July and |flore-pleno and elatior are
| |September |finer than the species.
| | |Elatior makes quite a bush
| | |and is very attractive
| | |when in full bloom.
| | |
*G. virgata |Madeira |Yellow; |This must attain a certain
| |June and |age and size before it
| |July |displays its full beauty,
| | |small plants flowering
| | |sparsely or not at all,
| | |while older specimens are a
| | |glorious sight during the
| | |period of flowering.
| | |Thoroughly hardy in at
| | |least the southern half of
| | |England, self-sown
| | |seedlings of it having been
| | |known to spring up in
| | |considerable numbers under
| | |old plants in sheltered
| | |positions. In a shrubbery
| | |or wood it makes a
| | |brilliant blaze of yellow.
| | |It succeeds in almost any
| | |soil or situation provided
| | |it is not too heavy or wet.
| | |Under favourable conditions
| | |it reaches a height of 16
| | |feet to 20 feet, with
| | |rather straggling branches,
| | |every little twig of which
| | |is covered with flowers in
| | |season. The leaves are
| | |about half an inch in
| | |length, and covered with
| | |white, silky hairs on the
| | |under side and a few
| | |scattered ones on the upper
| | |surface. Easily raised from
| | |seed. Excellent for barren
| | |land.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _THE SPANISH FURZE ON ROUGH SLOPE._]
[Illustration: _GENISTA MONOSPERMA._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Gordonia Lasianthus|Virginia to |White; |A sub-evergreen shrub 6 to
(Loblolly Bay) |Florida; |July |8 feet high, bearing
|Ternstroemiaceae| |beautiful white flowers
| | |like single Camellias. It
| | |needs a sheltered spot and
| | |a moist peaty soil.
| | |
G. pubescens |Georgia and |White |Of rather smaller growth
|Florida | |than the preceding, while
| | |the leaves are pubescent
| | |underneath. The flowers,
| | |too, have the tuft of
| | |yellow stamens more
| | |pronounced than in G.
| | |Lasianthus. Both need the
| | |same treatment.
| | |
Halesias (Silver |Styraceae |...... |This is a beautiful family
Bell, or Snowdrop | | |of flowering trees, named
trees) | | |after Dr. Stephen Hales.
| | |The flowers are like the
| | |snowdrop in shape, hence
| | |the name, and there are two
| | |distinct sections, American
| | |and Asiatic. The Halesias
| | |like a rich, moist, loamy
| | |or peaty soil. Although
| | |often trees of considerable
| | |size in their native homes,
| | |they mostly retain a
| | |somewhat shrubby character
| | |in this country. All the
| | |species, however, except H.
| | |parviflora, can, by pruning
| | |away the lower branches, be
| | |made to form small trees.
| | |
Halesia corymbosa |Japan, in the |White, |Mr. Bean writes in _The
|province of Higo|tinted |Garden_, May 19, 1900, p.
|(Syn. |with pink |361, about this species as
|Pterostyrax |or yellow;|follows: "I do not know if
|corymbosum) |Spring |there is any authenticated
| | |instance of its having
| | |flourished in Britain or
| | |even in Europe, most plants
| | |so called being H. hispida.
| | |It was first found on the
| | |mountains of the most
| | |southern of the main
| | |islands of Japan, in the
| | |province of Higo, and may
| | |possibly not be quite so
| | |hardy as H. hispida.
| | |Judging by pictures and
| | |dried specimens, its
| | |racemes, whilst having much
| | |the same general character
| | |as that species, are
| | |shorter, broader, and more
| | |branched, and the flowers
| | |are not so numerous on the
| | |branches of the racemes,
| | |and the fruits are more
| | |downy than bristly. The
| | |flowers have the same
| | |one-sided arrangement on
| | |the racemes."
| | |
H. diptera |South-eastern |White; |Not a common species, and
|United States |late |dwarfer than H. tetraptera.
| |Spring |The flowers are white,
| | |Snowdrop-like, and are
| | |borne on slender pendulous
| | |stalks as in H. tetraptera;
| | |they differ, however, in
| | |having the corolla almost
| | |lobed to the base. Very
| | |distinctive is the
| | |seed-vessel, which has but
| | |two prominent wings, the
| | |other two being only
| | |rudimentary. Whilst not
| | |perhaps equal in merit to
| | |H. tetraptera this species
| | |appears to have been
| | |undeservedly neglected. Its
| | |dwarf bushy habit will also
| | |render it more suitable for
| | |some positions; it loves
| | |abundant moisture at the
| | |root. It blossoms rather
| | |later than H. tetraptera.
| | |
H. hispida |China and Japan.|White |This belongs to the Asiatic
|Introduced about| |group of Halesias, and is
|1870 | |very distinct from the
| | |American species. It is a
| | |vigorous shrub, a small
| | |tree with large oblong
| | |leaves, and small flowers,
| | |which are very numerous on
| | |the raceme, which is 4
| | |inches to 8 inches long.
| | |One striking peculiarity of
| | |the raceme is that the
| | |flowers are arranged on the
| | |upper side only of its
| | |branches (a somewhat
| | |similar arrangement is seen
| | |in Freesia flowers). The
| | |seed-vessels are covered
| | |with bristly hairs. Mr.
| | |Bean says, "Whilst
| | |perfectly hardy at Kew in
| | |the open, it blossoms more
| | |freely on a wall. The
| | |finest specimens I have
| | |seen of this Halesia are
| | |growing near a
| | |carriage-road leading to
| | |Mr. Gumbleton's house and
| | |garden at Belgrove,
| | |Queenstown." It flowers in
| | |this country in June.
| | |
H. parviflora |South-eastern |White; end|This is invariably a shrub.
|United States. |of May |It is represented in the
|Introduced in | |Kew collection by a large
|1802 | |bush, which flowers as a
| | |rule with great freedom
| | |towards the end of May each
| | |year. The arrangement of
| | |the flowers is more
| | |racemose than fasciculate,
| | |and whilst they are very
| | |abundant they are not so
| | |large as in H. tetraptera
| | |or H. diptera. They are
| | |white and Snowdrop-like.
| | |The seed-vessels are only
| | |slightly and unequally
| | |winged. On the whole,
| | |therefore, the species is
| | |easily distinguished from
| | |its two fellow American
| | |species. The grace and
| | |abundance of its bloom make
| | |it well worthy of
| | |cultivation wherever a
| | |variety of hardy shrubs is
| | |desired.
| | |
*H. tetraptera |South United |White; |A beautiful tree. Whilst
(Common Snowdrop |States. |May |according to Prof. Sargent
tree) |Introduced by a | |it occasionally attains a
|London merchant | |height of 80 to 90 feet in
|named Ellis in | |its native country, it is
|1756 | |seldom more than 20 feet
| | |high in the British Isles.
| | |Its flowers are like pure
| | |white Snowdrops, hence the
| | |popular name. The
| | |seed-vessels are 1-1/2
| | |inches to 2 inches long,
| | |and have four prominent
| | |wings that transverse them
| | |lengthwise.
| | |
H. t. Meehani |This originated |White |A very handsome and
|as a seedling in| |distinct variety, with
|Meehan's | |shorter flower-stalks, and
|Nursery, | |thicker and more coarsely
|Germanstown, | |wrinkled leaves than the
|Philadelphia. | |type.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _SHOOT OF SNOWDROP TREE (Halesia tetraptera)._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Hamamelis (Witch |Hamamelideae |Orange- |A charming tree when in
Hazel) | |yellow; |flower. It blooms early in
*H. arborea |China |Winter |the year, the precise time
| | |depending upon the weather.
| | |When the leafless shoots
| | |are studded with the
| | |golden-yellow,
| | |narrow-petalled flowers,
| | |with their crimson calyces,
| | |it is very pretty. It is
| | |also worth using with some
| | |shrub like Gaultheria
| | |procumbens as a groundwork.
| | |It enjoys an open
| | |situation, and is not very
| | |particular about soil.
| | |
H. japonica |Japan |Pale |An interesting shrub, of
| |yellow; |which *Zuccariniana is a
| |Winter |well-known variety.
| | |
H. mollis |Japan |Bright |This is a rare Witch-Hazel,
| |yellow |with very broad and large
| | |leaves, and wavy brightly
| | |coloured, fragrant flowers.
| | |
H. virginica |Eastern North |Pale |For many years this species
|America |yellow; |was the only Witch-Hazel in
| |Autumn |cultivation. Being spread
| | |over the eastern side of
| | |North America from Canada
| | |to the Southern United
| | |States, it naturally
| | |attracted the notice of the
| | |earlier colonists, and it
| | |was, in fact, introduced to
| | |Britain as long ago as
| | |1736. During the last
| | |twenty or thirty years,
| | |however, new species have
| | |been discovered and brought
| | |home from China and Japan.
| | |They surpass this old
| | |American species in garden
| | |value, and are, indeed,
| | |amongst the most
| | |interesting and attractive
| | |of the shrubs that flower
| | |in the early part of the
| | |year. H. virginica, on the
| | |other hand, is at its best
| | |in autumn. It has the
| | |narrow, twisted, bright
| | |yellow petals which, with
| | |but little variation, are
| | |characteristic of all
| | |Hamamelis flowers. The
| | |flowers cover the younger
| | |branches in close, dense
| | |clusters. It is a sturdy
| | |shrub, almost a small tree,
| | |and has leaves very like
| | |those of the English Hazel
| | |(Corylus).
| | |
*Hibiscus syriacus |China; |White; |An upright growing
(Tree Mallow, Syn. |Malvaceae |blotched |deciduous shrub 6 feet
Althaea frutex) | |red |high, is particularly
| | |valuable from the fact that
| | |it flowers towards the
| | |later part of August, when
| | |so few hardy shrubs are in
| | |bloom. It needs a
| | |well-drained, loamy soil,
| | |that is, however, not
| | |parched up at any time, and
| | |a spot fully exposed to the
| | |sun. There are many
| | |varieties of this, ranging
| | |in colour from white to
| | |purple, both single and
| | |double flowered forms being
| | |represented. Celestes,
| | |blue, and Totus albus,
| | |white, are the best.
| | |
*Hippophae |A British shrub,|Flowers |A beautiful somewhat spiny
rhamnoides (Sea |chiefly in the |inconspic-|tree, or rather shrub, to
Buckthorn) |south and |uous; |plant by the side of a
|south-east |yellowish |lake, pond, stream, moat,
|coasts; | |or anywhere a free
|Eleagnaceae | |spreading shrubby growth is
| | |desired. But it will
| | |succeed as well inland as
| | |by water. A splendid group
| | |may be seen near the pond
| | |at Kew, and for many years
| | |has made a beautiful winter
| | |picture in the gardens.
| | |Every winter the wood made
| | |the previous year is
| | |thickly cased with the
| | |bright orange-coloured
| | |berries, which remain on
| | |the branches all the
| | |winter, but later on, if
| | |hard frosts are
| | |experienced, they lose most
| | |of their brightness. It
| | |must not be forgotten that
| | |the flowers are unisexual,
| | |_i.e._ those of one sex
| | |only are borne on a tree.
| | |Male trees therefore do not
| | |produce berries, and to get
| | |fruit a female and male
| | |must be near. In each
| | |group, say of about
| | |half-a-dozen plants, one
| | |plant should be male and
| | |the rest female. This is of
| | |the utmost importance, and
| | |see to it before the plants
| | |leave the nursery. The Sea
| | |Buckthorn is a large shrub
| | |or small tree. A very
| | |pretty standard tree
| | |results from keeping it to
| | |a single stem and removing
| | |the lower branches. The
| | |leaves are very charming in
| | |colour, a silvery grey. The
| | |male plant is of more
| | |upright growth than the
| | |female.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _HYDRANGEAS._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Hydrangea |China and Japan;|Deep pink;|Better known throughout the
Hortensia (the |Saxifrageae |Summer and|greater part of England as
Hydrangea, Syn. H. | |Autumn |a greenhouse plant than as
hortensis) | | |an outdoor shrub, but in
| | |the extreme south and west
| | |it is very handsome in the
| | |open ground. The huge heads
| | |of flowers make a great
| | |display. There are several
| | |varieties, some of them
| | |being often regarded as
| | |distinct species, the most
| | |notable of which are:
| | |Lindleyi, with the large
| | |sterile flowers limited to
| | |a few around the outside of
| | |the cluster. They are pink,
| | |tinged with blue. Mariesii
| | |is a very handsome Japanese
| | |variety, with large sterile
| | |flowers, pinkish mauve.
| | |Nigra or cyanoclada has
| | |purplish black stems, and
| | |is very notable on that
| | |account. Rosea has all the
| | |flowers sterile, and of
| | |rich rose colour. Stellata
| | |has the sterile flowers
| | |double and star-like.
| | |Thomas Hogg has white
| | |blossoms.
| | |
*H. paniculata |Japan |Creamy |A handsome shrub that may
| |white; |be grown as a dwarf bush or
| |Autumn |as a standard.
| | |
H. var. grandiflora| | |This is far more popular
| | |than the type, and is grown
| | |largely for flowering under
| | |glass as well as in the
| | |open ground. In this the
| | |huge pyramidal-shaped heads
| | |are composed entirely of
| | |sterile blossoms. If to be
| | |kept dwarf it must be
| | |pruned back hard when
| | |dormant, and only three
| | |or four shoots allowed to
| | |develop.
| | |
H. petiolaris |Japan |Creamy |A free-growing climber,
(Climbing | |white; |that attaches itself to a
Hydrangea) | |June and |wall by means of aerial
| |July |roots after the manner of
| | |ivy. It has flattened
| | |clusters of flowers.
| | |Being so distinct from all
| | |the rest, it at once
| | |attracts attention.
| | |
H. quercifolia |North America |White |A shrub about a yard high,
| | |with large lobed leaves.
| | |The flowers are less showy
| | |than some of the others. It
| | |needs a moist soil and a
| | |very sheltered spot.
| | |
H. radiata |North America |White |The flowers of this are not
| | |at all showy, but the
| | |leaves are clothed on the
| | |under sides with a dense
| | |white felt-like substance,
| | |which renders it very
| | |noticeable when ruffled by
| | |the wind.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _HYDRANGEA PETIOLARIS. A GROUP IN WOODLAND._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Hypericum |Europe; |Yellow |A free-growing deciduous
Androsaemum |Hypericineae | |shrub from 2 to 3 feet
(Tutsan, Syn. | | |high, with a mass of small
Androsaemum | | |flowers, but not very
officinale) | | |showy. It will grow in the
| | |shade better than many
| | |other shrubs.
| | |
H. aureum |North America |Yellow; |Reaches a height of about 4
| |July and |feet. The orange-yellow
| |August |flowers, about 1-1/2 inches
| | |across, have a large and
| | |conspicuous mass of yellow
| | |stamens in the centre.
| | |
*H. calycinum (Rose|Levant |Yellow; |Forms a dense mass a foot
of Sharon, St. | |July to |high, while the
John's Wort) | |Autumn |golden-yellow flowers are
| | |quite 3 inches across. The
| | |long hair-like stamens are
| | |very numerous and
| | |attractive. It will
| | |both grow and flower well
| | |in shady spots.
| | |
H. elatum (Tall St.|North America |Yellow |Grows 4 to 5 feet high, and
John's Wort) | | |is very robust. The
| | |flowers, however, though
| | |freely borne, are only
| | |about an inch in diameter.
| | |
H. hircinum |Europe |Yellow; |When roughly handled the
| |Autumn |leaves of this species have
| | |an unpleasant goat-like
| | |odour, but it is decidedly
| | |ornamental, forming as it
| | |does a bush a yard high,
| | |while the flowers are
| | |bright yellow.
| | |
*H. hookerianum |Himalayas |Yellow; |Rather more tender than
(Syn. H. | |Autumn |some of the Hypericums, but
oblongifolium) | | |a showy kind. It grows over
| | |4 feet high, and has
| | |clusters of large golden
| | |flowers.
| | |
*H. moserianum |Garden hybrid |Yellow; |A hybrid between H.
| |early |calycinum and H. patulum,
| |Autumn |and one of the most
| | |desirable of all the St.
| | |John's Worts. The slender
| | |branches are graceful, and
| | |terminated by clusters of
| | |rich golden-yellow flowers
| | |a couple of inches across.
| | |
H. patulum |Japan |Yellow |A delightful little shrub,
| | |but even in the south of
| | |England it is liable to be
| | |killed by a severe winter.
| | |
H. prolificum |North America |Yellow |Grows 3 feet high, and
| | |bears its clusters of
| | |blossoms very freely. The
| | |individual flowers are
| | |about an inch across.
| | |
H. uralum (Syn. H. |Himalayas |Yellow |Somewhat in the way of H.
nepalense) | | |patulum, and like that
| | |species rather tender.
| | |
Itea virginica |Virginia; |White; |A freely branched rounded
|Saxifrageae |July |shrub, from 3 to 4 feet in
| | |height, and has small
| | |spikes arranged in much the
| | |same way as the shrubby
| | |Veronicas. It is a
| | |favourite of the Red
| | |Admiral butterfly (Vanessa
| | |Atalanta). It is quite
| | |hardy, but needs a moist
| | |peaty soil.
| | |
Jamesia americana |Rocky Mountains;|White; |A somewhat upright shrub, 4
|Saxifrageae |April and |to 5 feet high, with
| |May |oval-shaped leaves and a
| | |great profusion of terminal
| | |clusters of pure white
| | |blossoms. It is quite hardy
| | |and needs a cool moist
| | |soil.
| | |
Kalmia angustifolia|North America; |Bright |A delightful little
(Sheep Laurel) |Ericaceae |purplish |evergreen shrub about a
| |red; |couple of feet high,
| |end of May|with bright-coloured,
| | |saucer-shaped blossoms. All
| | |the Kalmias prefer cool
| | |damp soil, especially of a
| | |peaty nature--indeed,
| | |conditions favourable to
| | |Rhododendrons suit them
| | |well.
| | |
K. glauca |North America |Purplish |Flowers two or three weeks
| |pink |earlier than the preceding,
| | |and is somewhat dwarfer,
| | |but is equally desirable.
| | |
*K. latifolia |North America |Pink; |This forms a large rounded
(Mountain Laurel) | |May |bush from 6 to 8 feet high,
| |through |clothed with handsome,
| |Summer |bright-green foliage, while
| | |the flowers are pink and
| | |wax-like. It is a desirable
| | |subject to associate with
| | |Rhododendrons, which,
| | |except in flowers, it much
| | |resembles.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _KALMIA LATIFOLIA. A GOOD SHRUB FOR PEATY SOILS._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Koelreuteria |China; |Yellow; |A small picturesque tree 10
paniculata |Sapindaceae |June and |to 15 feet in height, with
| |July |ornamental pinnate leaves,
| | |and large terminal panicles
| | |of bright yellow flowers,
| | |very distinct.
| | |
Laburnum (Cytisus) |Loudon writes: |...... |There is no need to praise
vulgare (Golden |"A native of | |the laburnum; it is one of
Rain or Chain) |Europe and the | |the most beautiful of all
|lower mountains | |trees, and its countless
|of the South of | |flowers make a shower of
|Germany, and of | |gold in early summer. It
|Switzerland, | |seems strange to read that
|where it grows | |the laburnum is not a
|to the height of| |native, for it is so
|20 feet or | |general in gardens, and is
|upwards. It was | |even used in hedgerows in
|introduced in | |some parts of the country.
|1596"; | |We have in mind a hedgerow
|Leguminosae | |in Berkshire with laburnums
| | |rising above the thorn, and
| | | a pleasant sight this is
| | |in late May and early June.
| | |Laburnums grow so freely
| | |almost everywhere that they
| | |are somewhat overdone in
| | |gardens, but it is so
| | |beautiful a tree that many
| | |would say: "I don't mind
| | |how many laburnums I have
| | |in the garden." Mr.
| | |Goldring, writing in the
| | |"Gardeners' Magazine" about
| | |laburnums, says:--
| | |
| | |"Besides the common way of
| | |growing the laburnum as a
| | |shrubbery or plantation
| | |tree, it may be put to
| | |various other uses. It is a
| | |beautiful covering for a
| | |wall on the north, east, or
| | |west sides. In some old
| | |gardens one meets with huge
| | |trees of it covering large
| | |areas of wall, and
| | |affording a lovely sight at
| | |flower time. This is a
| | |common way of growing it on
| | |the Continent, and in some
| | |of our old botanic gardens
| | |it may be seen trained
| | |against a wall as a host
| | |for the wistaria, which
| | |flowers about the same
| | |time, and produces a lovely
| | |contrast of colour.
| | |
| | |"I have pleasing
| | |recollections of seeing it
| | |in some old gardens trained
| | |over a path as a covered
| | |way before pergolas were in
| | |vogue in this country. For
| | |several weeks such covered
| | |pathways are glowing with
| | |colour, and for the rest of
| | |the summer they afford a
| | |pleasant shade. In some of
| | |the old Sussex gardens
| | |laburnum 'tunnels' are
| | |still to be seen, and they
| | |are worth imitating in new
| | |gardens.
| | |
| | |"Of the two commonly grown
| | |species of laburnum, L.
| | |vulgare and L. alpinum,
| | |there are numerous
| | |varieties, differing more
| | |or less from the types,
| | |though the differences in
| | |some cases are slight, even
| | |from a garden point of
| | |view. A laburnum is a
| | |laburnum to most people,
| | |and nothing more, but there
| | |is a great difference
| | |between a worthless
| | |seedling with short flower
| | |clusters of a poor yellow,
| | |and the varieties such as
| | |Watereri and Parksii which
| | |bear racemes fully 16
| | |inches in length, and of a
| | |rich-toned yellow. There
| | |is, unhappily, in gardens,
| | |a preponderance of inferior
| | |seedling trees, because
| | |they can be raised easily
| | |and sold cheaply, but it is
| | |better to have one grafted
| | |tree of a first-rate
| | |variety than a dozen
| | |inferior kinds.
| | |
| | |"The number of named
| | |varieties of L. vulgare
| | |enumerated in Continental
| | |and English nursery lists
| | |exceed a score, and most of
| | |them are mere monstrosities
| | |of leaf-form or colour,
| | |only appreciated by the
| | |collector of curiosities.
| | |The finest varieties are
| | |those named Alchingerii,
| | |giganteum, Carlieri, and
| | |grandiflorum. Any of these,
| | |if true to name, are the
| | |kinds to plant. They all
| | |bear very long racemes,
| | |produced abundantly."
| | |
*L. alpinum |Called the |Yellow |This is a well-known tree.
(Cytisus alpinus), |Scotch laburnum | |Some of its varieties are
Scotch laburnum |because a | |very beautiful.
|supposed native | |
|of Scotland, but| |
|this is not | |
|true. Loudon | |
|says: "It was | |
|introduced into | |
|Britain about | |
|the same time as| |
|the other | |
|species, 1596." | |
|The other | |
|species is | |
|Laburnum vulgare| |
| | |
L. Watereri |Hybrid |Yellow |We have given this special
| | |prominence for the reason
| | |it is a hybrid. In Bailey's
| | |"American Cyclopaedia"
| | |occurs this note:
| | |"Watereri, Dipp. (L.
| | |Parksii, Hort, C. alpinus
| | |and vulgaris Wittst.)
| | |Hybrid of garden origin,
| | |but found also wild.... As
| | |hardy as L. alpinum and
| | |sometimes considered to be
| | |a variety of that species."
| | |
L. Adami (Purple |Graft-hybrid |Purple, |This is a remarkable tree,
laburnum) | |yellow, |and is named after M. Adam,
| |and buff |who grafted Cytisus
| | |purpureus on the common
| | |laburnum. Loudon says the
| | |purple laburnum "is a
| | |hybrid between Cytisus
| | |laburnum and C. purpureus,
| | |in which the flowers are of
| | |a reddish purple, slightly
| | |tinged with buff, and are
| | |produced in pendent spikes
| | |eight inches or more long.
| | |It was originated in Paris,
| | |in the nursery of M. Adam
| | |in 1828; it was introduced
| | |into England about 1829,
| | |and has been a good deal
| | |cultivated." We noticed a
| | |tree of it in a hedgerow
| | |near Burnham Common,
| | |Slough. It is a strange
| | |tree. Some branches will
| | |perhaps bear entirely
| | |yellow flowers, like those
| | |of the common laburnum and
| | |others varied like Cytisus
| | |purpureus, by a flower that
| | |shows the characters of
| | |both parents. It is more
| | |curious than beautiful.
| | |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Ledum latifolium |Northern portion|White; |A much-branched shrub 2 to
(Labrador Tea) |of North |late April|3 feet high, and when in
|America; | |bloom covered with its
|Ericaceae | |rounded clusters of white
| | |blossoms. It needs a cool
| | |moist peaty soil, and given
| | |this it is very attractive
| | |when in bloom.
| | |
L. palustre (Marsh |Northern part of|White, |Much like the last, except
Ledum) |Eastern |tinged |that it is rather smaller,
|Hemisphere |pink |and the blossoms tinged
| | |with pink.
| | |
Leiophyllum |New Jersey and |White; |A compact little evergreen
buxifolium (Sand |Virginia; |May |shrub about a foot high.
Myrtle), (Syn. L. |Ericaceae | |Every twig, however small,
thymifolium) | | |bears a cluster of pretty
| | |blossoms, in colour white
| | |tinged with pink. It is a
| | |good rockwork shrub in a
| | |cool moist position.
| | |
Lespedeza bicolor |Japan; |Rosy red; |Sends up stiff annual
|Leguminosae |July |shoots to a height of 4
| | |feet. The leaves are
| | |trifoliate. It needs a
| | |warm soil, and is not
| | |particularly attractive.
| | |
*L. Sieboldi (Syn. |China and Japan |Reddish |A deciduous sub-shrub that
Desmodium | |purple; |dies nearly to the ground
penduliflorum) | |September |in the winter. From the
| | |base are pushed up long
| | |wand-like arching shoots to
| | |a height of 6 feet, clothed
| | |with trifoliate leaves, and
| | |bearing large terminal
| | |panicles of pea-shaped
| | |blossoms. Should it escape
| | |the autumn frosts it is
| | |delightful.
| | |
Leycesteria formosa|Temperate |Purplish |A very interesting shrub, 6
|Himalaya; |white, and|feet high in the milder
|Caprifoliaceae |purple |parts of these isles, but
| |bracts |hardy almost everywhere.
| | |These flowers are succeeded
| | |by purple berries which are
| | |relished by pheasants,
| | |hence it is planted for
| | |covert in some places.
| | |
Ligustrum coriaceum|China; |White |A sturdy evergreen shrub,
(Thick-leaved |Oleaceae | |with very dark-green
Privet) | | |leaves, thick, about 1-1/2
| | |inches long and roundish
| | |oval in shape. It reaches a
| | |height of about a yard, and
| | |is of extremely slow
| | |growth.
| | |
L. Ibota (Syn. L. |Japan |White; |A graceful shrub with long,
amurense) | |June and |slender, arching branches,
| |July |narrow leaves, and white
| | |flowers.
| | |
L. japonicum |Japan |White; |Reaches a height of 6 to 8
(Japanese Privet) | |early July|feet, and forms a freely
| | |branched bush clothed with
| | |bright shining green leaves
| | |from 2 to 3 inches, oval
| | |pointed in shape.
| | |
*L. lucidum (Wax |China |White; |This is the most ornamental
Tree) | |July and |of all the Privets in
| |August |foliage, the leathery
| | |dark-green leaves being
| | |sometimes as much as 6
| | |inches long, and over two
| | |inches wide. It reaches a
| | |height of 9 to 12 feet, and
| | |has large panicles of white
| | |flowers. There is a
| | |variety--tricolor, with
| | |leaves beautifully
| | |variegated, but being
| | |tender it needs wall
| | |protection.
| | |
L. massalongianum |Khasia Hills |White |The long narrow leaves of
(Syn. L. | | |this species make it
rosmarinifolium) | | |distinct from all other
| | |Privets. It is hardy only
| | |in the west of England and
| | |Ireland.
| | |
*L. ovalifolium |Japan |White |This sub-evergreen species
(Oval-leaved | | |is one of the hardiest of
Privet) | | |all Privets, being much
| | |used for hedges, and for
| | |planting where little else
| | |will thrive. Its small
| | |dense clusters of flowers
| | |are borne in great
| | |profusion, but they (in
| | |common with most Privets)
| | |possess such a heavy and
| | |unpleasant odour as to
| | |unfit them for planting
| | |near dwelling-houses. The
| | |golden form of this Privet,
| | |known as Aureum or
| | |Elegantissimum, is met with
| | |nearly everywhere,
| | |particularly in the
| | |environs of London.
| | |
*L. Quihoui |China |White; |A somewhat spreading shrub
| |late |about 5 feet high, with
| |September |small leaves and terminal
| | |panicles of flowers. For
| | |this reason it is worth
| | |growing as a flowering
| | |shrub.
| | |
*L. sinense |China |White |The finest of all Privets
(Chinese Privet) | | |as regards its flowers. It
| | |forms a sub-evergreen shrub
| | |from 12 to 15 feet high,
| | |with arching branches, and
| | |frond-like arrangements of
| | |the smaller branchlets,
| | |which are clothed with
| | |leaves about the size of
| | |those of the Common Privet,
| | |and pale green in colour.
| | |The white flowers are borne
| | |in such profusion towards
| | |the end of July that the
| | |entire plant is quite a
| | |mass of that colour. It
| | |needs a well-drained soil.
| | |
L. vulgare (Common |Europe |White |As a hedge plant this is to
Privet) | | |a great extent superseded
| | |by L. ovalifolium, but it
| | |is still a useful shrub for
| | |rough places. It is one of
| | |the subjects that can be
| | |clipped into all manner of
| | |shapes, hence it is very
| | |popular for topiary work.
| | |
*Liriodendron |United States; |Yellow; |The Tulip tree is one of
tulipifera (Tulip |Magnoliaceae |June |the most beautiful and
tree) | | |distinct of all our hardy
| | |trees, for the peculiarly
| | |shaped four-lobed leaves
| | |cannot be confounded with
| | |those of any other. It
| | |occurs over a considerable
| | |extent of country in North
| | |America, and when suitably
| | |situated attains a height
| | |of 130 to 140 feet. Though
| | |these dimensions are not
| | |reached in this country,
| | |specimens nearly 100 feet
| | |high are known, and its
| | |great value as a timber
| | |tree has been demonstrated
| | |here as well as in the
| | |United States, where it is
| | |given the name of the White
| | |Wood. The yellow Tulip-like
| | |flowers, from whence its
| | |popular name in this
| | |country is derived, are
| | |very pretty, but as a rule
| | |borne at such a height that
| | |their beauty cannot be
| | |seen. They, however, add to
| | |the interest and charm of
| | |the tree, and with the
| | |handsome leafage and the
| | |rich yellow hue of the
| | |foliage in the Autumn, as
| | |well as its thorough
| | |hardiness and almost
| | |complete indifference to
| | |soil and situation, make it
| | |one of the most desirable
| | |of our large growing trees.
| | |There are several
| | |varieties, notable among
| | |them being integrifolia, in
| | |which the distinctive lobes
| | |of the leaves are
| | |suppressed; aurea maculata,
| | |whose leaves are blotched
| | |with yellow; and
| | |fastigiata, which is of
| | |upright growth. These are
| | |all interesting, but not
| | |equal in beauty to the
| | |type.
| | |
Loropetalum |China; |Pure |A very interesting shrub,
chinense |Hamamelideae |white; |with long petals,
| |Winter |resembling one of the
| | |flowers of Hamamelis; they
| | |appear 6 to 8 together in
| | |clusters at the bract tips.
| | |Tender.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _FLOWER OF YULAN (Magnolia conspicua). ABOUT HALF NATURAL
SIZE._]
[Illustration: _YULAN (Magnolia conspicua); ITS USE AS A WALL SHRUB,
CROWSLEY PARK, HENLEY._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Magnolia acuminata |North America; |Greenish |From a flowering point of
(Cucumber tree) |Magnoliaceae |yellow |view this is one of the
| | |least showy of the
| | |Magnolias, but the tree has
| | |handsome foliage; it
| | |reaches a height of many
| | |feet. The leaves are nearly
| | |a foot long, and half as
| | |much in width. There is a
| | |tree 60 feet high in Syon
| | |Park, Middlesex.
| | |
*M. conspicua (the |China |Pure |Of all the Magnolias, and
Yulan) | |white; |indeed of all our deciduous
| |early |trees, this is one of the
| |Spring |finest, and also one of the
| | |earliest flowering. It
| | |blooms in some seasons as
| | |early as March, and the
| | |pure white flowers, like
| | |silver chalices, stand out
| | |boldly from the bare
| | |dark-coloured branches.
| | |Owing to the flowers
| | |expanding so early, they
| | |are sometimes injured by
| | |spring frosts, hence in the
| | |northern parts of the
| | |country this species is
| | |often given wall
| | |protection. This Magnolia
| | |succeeds best in a good,
| | |well-drained, loamy soil of
| | |not too heavy a nature,
| | |indeed, such will suit all
| | |the Magnolias perfectly.
| | |
M. Fraseri |North America |Creamy |A distinguishing feature of
(Fraser's | |white; |this Magnolia is the shape
Magnolia), (Syn. | |May |of the large leaves, which
auriculata) | | |are broader towards the
| | |upper portion than at the
| | |base. It reaches a height
| | |of 30 feet or more, but
| | |needs a spot sheltered from
| | |strong winds. The
| | |sweet-scented flowers are
| | |nearly 6 inches across.
| | |
M. glauca (the |North America |White |A shrub from 10 to 12 feet
Swamp Magnolia) | | |high, with flowers not
| | |borne all at once, as in
| | |most of the others, but
| | |scattered over two or three
| | |months, from June onwards.
| | |It makes a pretty lawn
| | |shrub for a damp spot.
| | |
*M. grandiflora |Southern United |White; |The evergreen Magnolia is
(the Evergreen |States |late |more generally grown as a
Magnolia) | |Summer |wall plant than in the open
| | |ground, though in the south
| | |and west of England it will
| | |thrive perfectly without
| | |protection. As a wall
| | |covering the handsome
| | |dark-green leaves render it
| | |effective at all seasons,
| | |and they also serve as an
| | |admirable setting for the
| | |large cup-shaped
| | |deliciously-scented
| | |flowers.
| | |
M. hypoleuca |Japan |Creamy |In Japan this is a tree 60
| |white |feet high, and is said to
| | |be a very desirable kind,
| | |but it has not been long
| | |introduced, and the plants
| | |of it in this country are
| | |small.
| | |
*M. Lennei |Garden origin |Glowing |The flowers of this are
| |purple |large, massive in texture,
| |outside, |and delightfully coloured.
| |pinkish |They are a month or two
| |within; |later than those of the
| |late |Yulan, hence they escape
| |Spring |the frosts which sometimes
| | |injure it.
| | |
M. obovata (Syn. M.|Japan |Purple |A spreading shrub 6 to 8
purpurea) | |outside, |feet high, with flowers
| |whitish |much smaller than those of
| |within; |M. Lennei, and not of so
| |late |pleasing a colour. It is,
| |Spring |however, a handsome shrub,
| | |less particular in its
| | |requirements than most
| | |Magnolias.
| | |
M. parviflora |Japan |White; |A neat bush. The centre of
| |May and |the flower is occupied by a
| |June |ring of bright-red
| | |filaments. It is rather
| | |tender.
| | |
*M. soulangeana |Garden origin |White, |A small tree more spreading
| |tinged |in character than M.
| |purple |conspicua, and flowering
| |outside; |also a little later. Very
| |Spring |pretty, early flowering.
| | |
*M. stellata (Syn. |Japan |Pure |The earliest of all the
M. halleana) | |white; |Magnolias. It is a much
| |March |branched shrub, seldom more
| | |than 4 feet high, and as
| | |much through. The flowers,
| | |which are borne in great
| | |profusion, are about 3
| | |inches in diameter, and
| | |composed of a dozen or so
| | |of strap-shaped petals; a
| | |lovely shrub. There is a
| | |variety of this with pink
| | |flowers.
| | |
M. tripetala |North America |Creamy |A tree remarkable for its
(Umbrella tree), | |white; |large handsome leaves,
(Syn. M. Umbrella) | |early |which are arranged in a
| |Summer |regular manner towards the
| | |upper parts of the
| | |branches. The flowers are
| | |creamy white. A sheltered
| | |spot suits this best.
| | |
M. Watsoni |Japan |Ivory |A bush about 5 feet high.
| |white |The flowers are remarkable
| |inside, |for their central cluster
| |flushed |of crimson filaments. It
| |with rose |needs a sheltered spot.
| |on the |
| |exterior; |
| |May and |
| |June |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _MAGNOLIA CONSPICUA var. SOULANGEANA (late Spring)._]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Notospartium |New Zealand; |Rose; June|This grows in New Zealand
Carmichaeliae |Leguminosae | |several feet high, but not
| | |here. It has graceful
| | |shoots, which are very
| | |pretty when smothered with
| | |the pink pea-shaped
| | |flowers. A correspondent to
| | |the _Garden_, writing in
| | |July 1900 from Castle
| | |Douglas, N.B., says: "I am
| | |sure if my plant of
| | |Notospartium Carmichaeliae
| | |were to be seen by any one
| | |who has not got it, there
| | |would be countless
| | |inquiries for it. It has
| | |always done well and
| | |flowered freely, but this
| | |year it is simply
| | |magnificent, with only the
| | |points of the twigs visible
| | |above the mass of bright
| | |pink blossoms."
| | |
Nuttallia |California; |White; |This is one of the
cerasiformis |Rosaceae |early |prettiest and most
| |Spring |interesting of March
| | |shrubs. It is of good
| | |habit, and produces a large
| | |quantity of dull white
| | |flowers in drooping
| | |racemes. The fruits, too,
| | |are pretty, not unlike
| | |those of a small plum, of
| | |reddish-yellow colour, with
| | |a plum-like bloom. It must
| | |be noted that the flowers
| | |are liable to be dioecious,
| | |and so, therefore the sexes
| | |must be planted together,
| | |though we have obtained
| | |fruit by sticking branches
| | |of the male flowers among
| | |those of the female shrub.
| | |
*Olearia Haastii |New Zealand; |White; |A valuable evergreen
(Daisy Bush) |Compositae |July and |Box-like shrub, laden with
| |August |small white Daisy-like
| | |blossoms with a yellow
| | |disc. Though a native of
| | |New Zealand, it is hardy in
| | |most parts of England.
| | |
O. macrodonta (New |New Zealand |White; |This has large Holly-like
Zealand Daisy | |July |leaves, silvery on the
tree), (Syn. O. | | |undersides, and heads of
dentata) | | |Daisy-like blossoms. Far
| | |more tender than O.
| | |Haastii, this needs a wall
| | |in most parts of the south
| | |of England, though it is
| | |hardy in the extreme west
| | |and in the south of
| | |Ireland.
| | |
O. stellulata (Syn.|New Zealand |White, |An evergreen bush, with
O. gunniana, | |yellow |small narrow leaves, the
Eurybia gunniana) | |disc; May |undersides covered with
| |and June |whitish felt. The
| | |Daisy-like flowers appear
| | |in profusion. Its
| | |requirements are the same
| | |as the last.
| | |
O. Traversii (Syn. |New Zealand |White; |In its native country this
Eurybia Traversii) | |June |is a timber tree, but here
| | |it needs the same treatment
| | |as the last two. The
| | |flowers are small and
| | |creamy white.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _OLEARIA MACRODONTA. (Redruth.)_]
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Oxydendron arboreum|Eastern |Pure |This is a charming shrub,
|United States; |white; |but in its native country
|Ericaceae |June and |grows to a height of 40
| |July |feet. The leaves are dark
| | |green, but very richly
| | |coloured in autumn. The
| | |bell-shaped white flowers
| | |remind one of those of the
| | |Lily of the Valley, and
| | |appear in pretty racemes.
| | |
Ozothamnus |South Australia |White; |A neat shrub, 4 to 5 feet
rosmarinifolius |and Tasmania; |July |high, with narrow
|Compositae | |rosemary-like leaves, and
| | |during the summer a
| | |profusion of white
| | |Aster-like blossoms. It is
| | |hardy only in the West of
| | |England.
| | |
*Pernettya |Cape Horn, |Berries |Many garden varieties.
mucronata |introduced in |the chief |Between 1878 and 1882 the
|1828; Ericaceae |beauty |floral committee of the
| | |Royal Horticultural Society
| | |awarded no less than seven
| | |first-class certificates,
| | |selecting the following
| | |varieties for the purpose:
| | |P. alba, carnea nana,
| | |lilacina macrocarpa, nigra
| | |major, rosea purpurea.
| | |and sanguinea. There are
| | |ten or a dozen quite
| | |distinct shades of
| | |colouring, from white
| | |through tenderest pink,
| | |white and rosy pink, the
| | |colours then reaching to a
| | |soft scarlet, and ending
| | |with a dark blood-red,
| | |reminding one of the seeds
| | |of the Pomegranate, and
| | |also the differences in the
| | |size of the berries and
| | |foliage, particulars which
| | |impart additional interest
| | |to this useful group of
| | |plants. Some fifty or so
| | |years ago Mr. Davis of
| | |Hillsborough began his
| | |experiments with such forms
| | |of the Pernettya as were
| | |then in cultivation, and he
| | |selected as his first
| | |seed-parent P.
| | |angustifolia, a native of
| | |China, a densely branched,
| | |narrow-leaved evergreen
| | |shrub, growing to a height
| | |of about 3 feet. The fruit
| | |of this species is light
| | |pink in colour. It is a
| | |very effective subject,
| | |thriving well under the
| | |shade of trees, but in such
| | |a position does not, as
| | |might be expected, flower
| | |so freely as when grown in
| | |the open. P. mucronata, the
| | |type, bears reddish-tinted
| | |fruits. Regarding P.
| | |angustifolia as the
| | |hardiest of the two,
| | |Mr. Davis made this the
| | |first seed-bearing
| | |parent, and found the
| | |seedlings from it to vary
| | |considerably in the
| | |character of the foliage
| | |and colour of the fruit.
| | |This encouraged him to
| | |take seed from the best
| | |of his seedlings, and
| | |from it obtained the
| | |fine varieties which are
| | |now in our gardens. It
| | |is difficult to
| | |over-estimate their
| | |value as berry-bearing
| | |plants in autumn in
| | |peaty soil.
| | |
Philadelphus |Europe and |White; |A well-known shrub, from
coronarius |Asia; |early May |6 to 10 feet high, with
(Mock Orange |Saxifrageae | |a profusion of white,
or Syringa) | | |strongly scented
| | |flowers. There are
| | |several varieties, the
| | |best being aurea, with
| | |golden leaves, and
| | |Keteleerii, with
| | |double blossoms.
| | |
P. gordonianus |North America |White; |A free-growing bush with
| |early |flowers twice the size
| |July |of the preceding, and
| | |about six weeks later in
| | |expanding.
| | |
*P. grandiflorus |Southern United |White; |Forms a bush about 12
(Large-flowered |States |Midsummer |high, with large leaves
Mock Orange, | | |and blossoms. It lacks
Syn. P. inodorus) | | |the fragrance of the
| | |other species, which is
| | |to many people a point
| | |in its favour.
| | |
P. hirsutus |North America |White |Grows about 5 feet high,
(Hairy-leaved Mock | | |and bears its
Orange) | | |comparatively small
| | |flowers in great
| | |profusion.
| | |
*P. Lemoinei |Garden Hybrid |White; |A hybrid between P.
(Lemoine's Hybrid | |June and |coronarius and the
Mock Orange) | |July |little New Mexican P.
| | |microphyllus. It (P.
| | |Lemoinei) forms a
| | |slender, freely-branched
| | |shrub about 5 feet high,
| | |and has a profusion of
| | |small pure-white flowers
| | |that are most agreeably
| | |scented, the fragrance
| | |reminding one of ripe
| | |apples. The variety
| | |erectus is a rather
| | |stronger grower, and
| | |even a finer plant.
| | |Other delightful hybrid
| | |forms are, Boule
| | |d'Argent, a neat bush
| | |with double flowers;
| | |Candelabre, with larger
| | |blossoms than the other
| | |forms of Lemoinei; Gerbe
| | |de neige, dwarf form
| | |with large single
| | |flowers; and Manteau
| | |d'Hermine, semi-double.
| | |These are among the most
| | |charming of all hardy
| | |shrubs.
| | |
*P. Lewisii |Western North |White; |One of the best, with long
|America |Mid-June |graceful arching shoots,
| | |and large trusses of pure
| | |white blossoms.
| | |
*P. microphyllus |New Mexico |White |A dense rounded bush, 3
(Small-leaved | | |feet high and as much
Mock Orange) | | |across, clothed with tiny
| | |leaves, and very fragrant
| | |flowers one inch across.
| | |
P. Satsumi |Japan |White |Rather tenderer than the
(Japanese Mock | | |American kinds this forms a
Orange) | | |distinct spreading bush
| | |thinner than most of the
| | |others. The flowers are
| | |pure white and fragrant,
| | |and differ from the others
| | |in that the petals are
| | |less rounded and full, thus
| | |forming a more starry
| | |bloom.
| | |
*Pieris floribunda |North America; |White; |A rounded evergreen shrub,
(Syn. Andromeda |Ericaceae |April to |from 3 to 5 feet high,
floribunda) | |May |clothed with very dark
| | |green leaves, and with
| | |spikes of pure white
| | |Lily-of-the-Valley-like
| | |blossoms. It needs a fairly
| | |sheltered position and a
| | |cool moist soil, such as
| | |Rhododendrons delight in.
| | |
*P. formosa |Himalayas |White; |A large bold-growing shrub,
| |May and |with handsome dark-green
| |June |leathery foliage. It has
| | |spikes of wax-like
| | |urn-shaped blossoms. It is
| | |too tender for general
| | |cultivation, except in the
| | |West of England and in
| | |Ireland.
| | |
*P. japonica (Syn. |Japan |White |This differs from the last
Andromeda japonica)| | |in the white wax-like
| | |flowers being borne on
| | |long pendulous racemes, so
| | |that at their best the
| | |entire plant is quite
| | |veiled with them. The tips
| | |of the growing shoots too
| | |are bright red. This blooms
| | |naturally earlier than P.
| | |floribunda, and on that
| | |account the flowers are
| | |often injured by spring
| | |frosts, to prevent which,
| | |as far as possible, it
| | |should be planted in a
| | |sheltered spot, where the
| | |early morning sun does not
| | |shine direct on it.
| | |
P. mariana (Syn. |North America |White; |A deciduous shrub a yard
Andromeda mariana) | |Summer |high, with wax-like
| | |flowers. A damp peaty soil
| | |suits it best.
| | |
P. ovalifolia |Nepaul |White; |Grows to a height of 10 to
| |May |12 feet, and has spikes of
| | |white flowers. This species
| | |succeeds better in the West
| | |of England and in Ireland
| | |than elsewhere.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
[Illustration: _A GROUP OF PRUNUS PERSICA (Kew.)_]