[1471] V. xv. 5-6.
[1472] V. xxxvi.:
“Laudatus nostro quidam, Faustine, libello,
Dissimulat quasi nil debeat: inposuit.”
[1473] VIII. iii. 19-20:
“At tu Romanos lepido sale tingue libellos:
Adgnoscat mores uita legatque suos.”
[1474] X. iv. 7-10:
“Quid te uana iuuant miserae ludibria chartae?
Hoc lege, quod possit dicere uita ‘meum est.’
Non hic Centauros, non Gorgonas Harpyiasque
Inuenies: hominem pagina nostra sapit.”
[1475] VIII. xiv. 5-6.
[1476] III. lviii.
[1477] I. xlix. 27-28: “focum infante cinctum sordido”; _cf._ II. xc.
7-8; XII. xviii. 19-21.
[1478] VIII. xx.
[1479] IX. lix. 22: “asse duos calices emit et ipse tulit.”
[1480] VIII. lxxix.
[1481] V. ix.
[1482] IX. xiv., xxvii., xxxvii.
[1483] VII. xxi., xxii., xxiii., xliv., xlv.; I. lxi. 7-8.
[1484] X. xix.
[1485] IV. xiv.
[1486] VII. lxiii.; IX. lxxxvi.; XI. xlviii.
[1487] VII. xxiv., xci.; XII. xviii.; _cf._ Juv., I. 7-14 with Mart., X.
iv. 7-10.
[1488] VII. xii. 9; X. xxxiii. 10.
[1489] X. iii., v.
[1490] V. xxviii. 9: “ego esse miserum credo cui placet nemo.”
[1491] Keil, i., p. 485.
[1492] Pref. to _Epigr._, Bk. I.
[1493] _Cf._ C. W. Mendell, “M. and the Satiric Epigram,” _Cl. Philol._,
Jan., 1922.
[1494] _Cf._ Friedrich, “Zu Seneca und M.,” _Herm._, xlv. 583-594.
[1495]
“Admiror, paries, te non cecidisse ruinis,
Qui tot scriptorum taedia sustineas.”
[1496] While Statius is never mentioned, it is likely that there are
indirect glances at him; _e.g._ IV. xlix.; VIII. iii.; IX. l.; X. iv.;
XIV. i. 11.
[1497] IV. xlix. 7-8.
[1498] I. xvi.
[1499] VII. lxxxv., xc.
[1500] X. xxx. 11-15:
“Hic summa leni stringitur Thetis uento;
Nec languet aequor: uiua sed quies ponti
Pictam phaselon adiuuante fert aura;
Sicut puellae non amantis aestatem,
Mota salubre purpura uenit frigus.”
[1501] IX. xii. 1-9:
“Nomen cum uiolis rosisque natum,
Quo pars optima nuncupatur anni ...
Respondent Veneres Cupidinesque.”
[1502] VII. lxxxix.:
“I felix rosa, mollibusque sertis
Nostri cinge comas Apollinaris:
Quas tu nectere candidas, sed olim,
Sic te semper amet Venus, memento.”
[1503] XI. lxxxix.
[1504] _Cf._ with I. x. 4 such endings as II. xi. 10: “domi cenat”; II.
xxix. 10: “splenia tolle, leges.”
[1505] II. xxxviii.
[1506] II. x.
[1507] II. xiii.:
“Et iudex petit, et petit patronus:
Soluas, censeo, Sexte, creditori.”
[1508] VIII. xliii.
[1509] VII. lxxxiii.:
“Eutrapelus tonsor dum circuit ora Luperci
Expingitque genas, altera barba subit.”
[1510] V. xlvii.
[1511] I. xxviii.
[1512] I. xvi.; VII. lxxxi.
[1513] IX. _praef._, _ad fin._: “Ille ego sum....”
[1514] XI. xxiv.
[1515] I. xv. 5-12:
“Non bene distuleris, uideas quae posse negari,
Et solum hoc ducas, quod fuit, esse tuum.
Exspectant curaeque catenatique labores;
Gaudia non remanent, sed fugitiua uolant,
Haec utraque manu complexuque adsere toto:
Saepe fluunt imo sic quoque lapsa sinu.
Non est, crede mihi, sapientis dicere ‘Viuam’;
Sera nimis uita est crastina: uiue hodie.”
[1516] V. xx.
“Si tecum mihi, care Martialis,
Securis liceat frui diebus,
Si disponere tempus otiosum
Et uerae pariter uacare uitae,
Nec nos atria nec domos potentum
Nec litis tetricas forumque triste
Nossemus nec imagines superbas;
Sed gustatio, fabulae, libelli,
Campus, porticus, umbra, Virgo, thermae,
Haec essent loca semper, hi labores.
Nunc uiuit necuter sibi, bonosque
Soles effugere atque abire sentit,
Qui nobis pereunt et imputantur.
Quisquam, uiuere cum sciat, moratur?”
[1517] VII. v.
[1518] VIII. xxi. 11-12.
[1519] VIII. xxiv. 5-6.
[1520] III. lxviii. 4, “exuimur”; _cf._ 11-12.
[1521] V. ii.; VIII. i.
[1522] I. _praef._; III. lxix.
[1523] XI. ii.
[1524] I. iv. 8: “lasciua est nobis pagina, uita proba.”
[1525] Cat. xvi. 5; Ovid, _Tr._, ii. 354; Plin., _Ep._, VII. ix.; Apul.,
_Apol._, 11; Auson., _Eidyll._, 360.
[1526] _E.g._ VII. xiv.
[1527] VII. xii. 7. _Cf._ his desire to have it known that poems steeped
in black poison are not his, VII. lxxii. 13-16.
[1528] V. xxiv. 9-10:
“Mollia non rigidus caespes tegat ossa nec illi,
Terra, grauis fueris: non fuit illa tibi.”
[1529] IX. xxix. 11-12:
“Sit tibi terra leuis mollique tegaris harena
Ne tua non possint eruere ossa canes.”
[1530] I. lxxxviii.
[1531] VI. lxxxv.
[1532] IX. lii.
[1533] I. xxxix.
[1534] XII. xxxiv.
[1535] Dr. Warde Fowler, _Presidential Address to Class. Assoc._,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1920, pointed out that, while volcanic soil
influenced drainage schemes, it also set the Romans adventuring on the
search for portents.
[1536] IV. xliv.:
“Licuisse” in the closing couplet,
“Cuncta iacent flammis et tristi mersa fauilla:
Nec superi uellent hoc licuisse sibi”
is surprisingly taken to refer to auction-bidding by Prof. Courthope,
_Selectns. fr. Martial Translated_, 1914:
“Now for the place ’neath these sad ashes hid,
If up for sale, what single god would bid?”
[1537] IX. lxi. 11-14.
[1538] III. lxv. 3-5.
[1539] X. xxiii. 7-8:
“Ampliat aetatis spatium sibi uir bonus: hoc est
Viuere bis, uita posse priore frui.”
[1540] _Cf._ Mart., I. xx. 4; Juv., V. 147.
[1541] _Poemata_, Utr., 1784., p. 563.
[1542] Plin., _Ep._, II. vii. 1; III. 1. Four mutilated choriambic odes,
ascribed by some to Spurinna, are convincingly rejected as forgeries: for
text, Wernsdorf, _P.L.M._; Held, _Ueber d. Werth d. Briefsammlung des
jüng. Plinius in Bezug auf Gesch. d. röm. Lit._, 1833.
[1543] _Sulpiciae Fabella_, ed. Unger, Hal. Sax., 1887.
[1544] Valla’s schol. on Juv., I. 20; Mart., XI. x.
[1545] Text: _Paneg._ in _Panegyrici Lat._, Cuspinianus, 1513; Rhenanus,
Bas., 1520; Livineius, Antv., 1599; E. Bährens, Lpz., 1874; 2nd ed. W. A.
Bährens, 1911; Sep. edns., Ed. pr. (?) 1476; Lipsius, Antv., 1600; Utr.,
1652, etc.; Arntzen (not. var.), Amst., 1738; Gierig, Lpz., 1796; Dübner,
Par., 1843. Trans.: Stapylton, Oxf., 1644; [White Kennet], Lond., 1686;
G. Smith, Lond., 1702; in French, De Sacy, Par., 1722. _Epist._: Ed. pr.,
Ven., 1471 (8 bks., I.-VII. and IX.); 1st compl. ed. Aldus, Ven., 1508;
Gruter, 1611; Veenhusen (not. var.), Leid., 1669; Cortius and Longolius
(indices), Amst., 1734; E. T. Merrill, Lpz., 1922.
Sep. edns.: I., II., Cowan, Lond., 1889; III., J. E. B. Mayor, Lond.,
1880, 1889; VI., J. D. Duff, Camb., 1906; X., E. G. Hardy, Lond., 1889.
Selectns.: Church and Brodribb, Lond., 1870, 1872; Prichard and Bernard,
Oxf., 3rd ed., 1896; Merrill, Lond., 1903; Allen, Oxf., 1915.
Trans.: _Epistles_ (w. _Paneg._), Henley, Lond., 1724; _Letters_,
Melmoth, Lond., 1746-47-48-57-70-86-1810; Earl of Orrery, Lond., 1751;
Lewis, Lond., 1879; Melmoth’s revised, Bosanquet, Lond., 1878, 1892; and
Hutchinson (Loeb ed.), Lond. and N. Yk., 1915.
Collected edns.: Boxhorn, Leid., 1653; Gierig, Leipz., 1806; Keil (ed.
maior, rerum enarr. Mommseni, etc.), Lpz., 1870; C. F. W. Müller, _ib._,
1903; Kukula, _ib._, 1908, 1912.
Life and character: Tanzmann, _De C. Pl. Secundi uita ingenio moribus
quaestio_, Bresl., 1865; Mommsen, _Zur Lebensgesch. d. jüng. Pl., Herm._,
III. 31, 1869 (= _Gesam. Schr._, IV. 366, 1906); in French, trans. Morel,
w. Mommsen’s addns., Par., 1873; Bender, _Der jüngere Pl. nach seinen
Briefe_, Tüb., 1873; Moy, _Qualem apud aetatis suae studiosos personam
egerit C. Pl. Sec._, Par., 1876.
Literary Significance: Held, _Ueb. d. Werth d. Briefsammlung d. jüng.
Pl. in Bezug auf Geschichte d. röm. Lit._, Bresl., 1833; De la Berge,
_Essai sur le regne de Trajan_, esp. ch. xvi., Par., 1877; _Allain, Pline
le jeune et ses héritiers_, 4 vols., Par., 1901-1902. Style: Lagergren,
_De uita et elocutione C. Pl. Sec._, Ups., 1872; Morillot, _De Pl.
minoris eloquentia_, Gren., 1888; Consoli, _Il neologismo negli scritti
di Pl._, Palermo, 1900; Kukula, _Briefe d. jüng. Pl._ (Intr. includes
“Entwickelung d. Epistolographie,” “Sprache u. Stil des Briefes,” etc.),
Lpz., 1904; Smiley, _Latinitas and_ Ἑλληνισμός (Influence of Stoic theory
on writings of Quintilian, Pliny the Yr., Tacitus, etc.), Wisconsin, 1906.
[1546] “patria mea,” _Ep._, IV. xxx. 1.
[1547] VI. xx. 5.
[1548] VI. vi. 3; II. xiv. 9-10.
[1549] III. v. 16; VI. xvi. 7, xx. 5.
[1550] V. viii. 8.
[1551] VI. xii. 2: “in harena mea, hoc est apud centumuiros.”
[1552] _C.I.L._, V. 5262, 5263, 5264, 5667. V. 5279 records appointment
of three trustees (one of them the younger Pliny) to administer a fund
left by his father Cilo to provide oil at the Neptunalia for athletes and
bathers at Como.
[1553] Merrill’s complete ed. of the _Epistulae_, 1922, gives a list of
the principal _Abhandlungen_ on the subject by Stobbe, Gemoll, C. Peter,
Asbach, Schultz and H. Peter. Schanz, _op. cit._, p. 360, gives a useful
summary of their conclusions; and the reports on Plinian literature in
Bursian’s _Jahresbericht_ reveal still more extensive activity. _Cf._
Merrill, _Sel. Lett._, 1903, pp. xxxvii. _sqq._
[1554] Prof. E. T. Merrill, whose authority on Plinian matters is
deservedly great, undermines Mommsen’s position here: “On Date of Pliny’s
Prefecture of Treasury of Saturn,” _Am. Jrl. Phil._, xxiii. 4.
[1555] W. A. Bährens, “Prätur des jüng. Pl.,” _Herm._, lviii. (1923),
p. 109 _sqq._, agrees that Otto’s instructive paper on Pliny’s
_Lebengeschichte_ in _Sitzungsber. d. Bayer. Ak. d. Wiss._, 1919,
corrected several of Mommsen’s results, but rejects Otto’s date of A.D.
95: “Plinius war, wie schon Mommsen meinte, in Jahre 93 Praetor.” Otto
replied in _Bayer. Sitz._, 1923. Allain, _Pline le jeune_, gives 94.
[1556] Kukula, ed. 1912, noticed J. Wight Duff, _C.R._, XXVIII. (1914),
pp. 134-137; E. T. Merrill, 1922, noticed J. P. Postgate, _C.R._, XXXVII.
(1923), pp. 35-36.
[1557] Prof. E. K. Rand, who with E. A. Lowe published the facsimile of
the uncial remains of the _Letters_ now in the Pierpont Morgan Library,
N. Yk. (Washington, 1922), has indicated a new method of approach through
the Aldine edition, in the belief that these fragments form part of
the lost Codex Parisinus which Aldus used for his ed. of 1508 (_Harv.
Stud. in Cl. Phil._, XXXIV., 1923). Prof. Merrill has not accepted this
identification or the 6th cent. date suggested for the uncials (_Class.
Philol._, Chicago, April, 1923).
[1558] III. xi.; VII. xxvii. 14.
[1559] VI. xxxi.
[1560] E. G. Hardy, ed. of _Epist. ad Traian._, Introd., p. xxiv. _sqq._,
and footnote to Lett., xv., pp. 105-106.
[1561] Such is Wilcken’s view, _Herm._, xlix. (1914), in opposition to
Mommsen, who placed Pliny’s visit to the eastern parts of the province in
the latter half of his first year. Wilcken thinks that in late autumn of
112 Pliny took ship to Sinope, and that after this he wrote from Amisus
the famous letter touching the trial of Christians.
[1562] X. cxx. and cxxi.
[1563] IV. xix.; VI. iv., vii.; VII. v.
[1564] _C.I.L._, V. 5262 = Dessau, _Inscr. Lat. Sel._, I. 2927.
[1565] VII. iv. 2-3.
[1566] _Ib._, 4-6.
[1567] VII. ix. 10-14.
[1568] VII. iv. 10: “unum precor ut posteri quoque aut errent similiter
aut iudicent.” His “libelli,” which were on sale at Lyon, may have
contained poetry, IX. xi.
[1569] VII. xvii. 7.
[1570] _Ib._, 15. For Pliny’s public speaking see Cucheval, _Hist. de
l’éloquence romaine_, etc., II., chaps. xxiii. and xxiv.
[1571] II. xix. 2: “neque me praeterit actiones quae recitantur impetum
omnem ... perdere”; VII. xvii. 2.
[1572] IV. xxi. 3; IX. xiii.
[1573] VII. xxx. 5.
[1574] III. xiii.
[1575] III. xviii.
[1576] _Ib._, 10.
[1577] Allain, _Pline le jeune_, says Pliny is cited 293 times by De la
Berge, and is “le véritable historien de Trajan.”
[1578] _Pan._, lxxxviii. 2: “Scis enim praecipuum esse indicium non magni
principis magnos libertos.”
[1579] _Pan._, vii. 4: “dignus alter eligi, alter eligere”; x. 6:
“(Nerua) tibi terras, te terris reliquit”; xvii. 4: “non ideo uicisse
uidearis ut triumphares, sed triumphare quia uiceris.”
[1580] _Pan._, vii. 6: “imperaturus omnibus eligi debet ex omnibus”;
lxvi. 5: “neque umquam deceptus est princeps nisi qui prius ipse
decepit”; and paradoxes, xlix. 3: “hoc inexpugnabile munimentum munimento
non egere.”
[1581] _Pan._, xxiv. 5: “te ad sidera tollit humus ista communis et
confusa principis uestigia.” (_i.e._ the use of his feet on common earth
exalts the emperor to the sky!)
[1582] H. Peter, _Der Brief in d. röm. Lit._, Lpz., 1901, p. 107 _sqq._,
divides as follows: I.-III., published A.D. 104; IV.-VI., A.D. 108;
VII.-IX., a supplement, containing at least some letters of a date
earlier than 108.
[1583] I. i. 1: “Collegi non seruato temporis ordine, neque enim
historiam componebam.” _E.g._ II. xx. is perhaps earliest of all. II.
xi., on Priscus’s trial, belongs to A.D. 100, but III. iv. to 98. IX.
xxxiv. mentions Pliny’s idea of employing a reader; in VIII. i. the idea
has been acted on.
[1584] I. xi., xv.; V. ii.; VII. xxi; IX. xvi.
[1585] II. xx. 1: “assem para et accipe auream fabulam, fabulas immo.”
[1586] IX. ii. 2-3.
[1587] Schanz, _op. cit._, p. 364.
[1588] Mart., _Epig._, X. xx. 14-17, cited by Pliny, III. xxi. 5.
[1589] I. iii. 3: “Hoc sit negotium tuum, hoc otium....”
[1590] II. viii. 2: “Numquamne hos artissimos laqueos ... abrumpam?...”
[1591] VII. xv. 1: “Requiris quid agam. Quae nosti. Distringor officio,
amicis deseruio, studeo interdum, quod non interdum sed solum semperque
facere, non audeo dicere rectius, certe beatius erat.”
[1592] I. vi. 1: “Ridebis et licet rideas”; _cf._ IX. x.
[1593] IX. xxvii.; V. viii.
[1594] I. xiii. 5: “equidem prope nemini defui.”
[1595] II. iii. 9.
[1596] V. iii. 8; VII. xvii.
[1597] I. iii. 4: “effinge aliquid et excude quod sit perpetuo tuum”; V.
x. (to Suetonius); VIII. iv.
[1598] IV. xx., xxvii.; V. v., xvii.; VII. xxviii.; IX. xxii.
[1599] IV. xxvii. 2.
[1600] V. v. 4: “immortale aliquid.”
[1601] VII. xxviii.
[1602] Moy, _op. cit._ (in bibliog.), p. 107: “illi prosunt saeculo
suo qui, sicut Bolaeus noster, publicam quasi censuram agentes, parce
laudant, uehementer reprehendunt.”
[1603] _E.g._ I. xii.; II. i. 10; III. xxi.; V. v. (“nuntius me graui
dolore confudit”); V. xvi. (“tristissimus haec tibi scribo”); and, for
slaves, VIII. xvi., xix.
[1604] II. xvii. 24.
[1605] V. xix. 7: “aera salubrem et lac eiusmodi curationibus
accommodatissimum.”
[1606] VIII. xxii. 2-3: “ego optimum et emendatissimum existimo qui
ceteris ita ignoscet, tamquam ipse cotidie peccet....”; IX. xvii. 4:
“demus igitur alienis oblectationibus ueniam ut nostris impetremus.”
[1607] IV. xiv.; V. iii.; VII. iv.
[1608] VII. xxxiii.
[1609] VII. xx. 5-7.
[1610] IX. xxiii. 2-3.
[1611] VI. xxxiii. 1: “accipe orationem meam, ut illa arma, diuinam (num
superbius potui?), reuera ut inter meas pulchram.” According to Sid.
Apoll., viii. 10, it eclipsed the _Panegyric_.
[1612] IX. xxiii. 1-2: “... omnes repente quasi uicti coactique
consurgerent laudarentque.”
[1613] VI. xi.
[1614] IX. viii. 1: “omnia scripta tua pulcherrima existimo, maxime tamen
quae de nobis”; _cf._ IX. xxxi.
[1615] I. x. 3; IV. viii. 4-5; VIII. vii. 2: “ne discipulus quidem debeam
dici.”
[1616] I. viii. 14.
[1617] IV. i. 4-6; IX. xxxix.; X. xlix. and lxviii.
[1618] X. xcvi. 7-8.
[1619] _Pan._, i. 1 and 3; _Ep._, X. i., ii., xiii., xiv., xxxv., lii.
[1620] VII. xxvi. 2: “tunc deos, tunc hominem esse se meminit.”
[1621] _Pan._, iii. 5; Pers., ii. 73-75.
[1622] III. xx. 12.
[1623] _Pan._, lxvi. 4.
[1624] IV. xxv. 5: ἀλλὰ ταῦτα τῷ ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς μελήσει.
[1625] Hofacker, _De Clausulis C. Caec. Pl. Sec._, Bonn, 1903; Spatzek,
_De Claus. Plinianis_, in _praef._ to Kukula’s ed., 1912.
[1626] I. v. 12.
[1627] I. v. 13.
[1628] II. i. 12: “Verginium cogito, Verginium uideo, Verginium iam uanis
imaginibus ... audio, adloquor, teneo.”
[1629] VIII. xxiv. 2-6.
[1630] II. iii. 5: “nos qui in foro uerisque litibus terimur, multum
malitiae, quamuis nolimus, addiscimus.”
[1631] I. xx.
[1632] VIII. xxi. 1: “pulcherrimum et humanissimum existimo seueritatem
comitatemque miscere.”
[1633] Lagergren, _De uita et elocutione C. Pl._, Ups., 1872, enters more
exhaustively into Pliny’s style than Oestling or Holstein did in their
_opuscula_.
[1634] For collected examples, Remy, _De Subjunct. et Infinitiuo ap. Pl.
minorem_, Louv., 1884.
[1635] _Apol._, ii.
[1636] _Saturn._, V. i.
[1637] Sid. Ap., iv. 22: “ego Plinio ut discipulus adsurgo”; _cf._ i. 1,
iv. 3, viii. 10.
[1638] Merrill, ed. 1922, _praef._, half allows the possibility (“nisi
fortasse”) that Einhart’s “mortalitatem magis quam uitam uidebam esse
finitam” is based on Plin., II. i. 10, as Manitius thinks, _Gesch. d.
lat. Lit. des Mittelalters_, 1911, p. 644.
[1639] IV. iii. 3-4.
[1640] I. vii., esp. § 5; II. x.
[1641] I. iii.; II. viii.; III. vii.; VI. xxi.; VIII. iv.
[1642] V. xvii.
[1643] I. viii.; I. xvi.
[1644] I. xvi. 6: “Plautum uel Terentium metro solutum legi credidi.”
[1645] II. xiii. 7: “epistulas quidem scribit ut Musas ipsas Latine loqui
credas.”
[1646] IV. xxvii.: “unus Plinius est mihi priores.” Kukula had no right
to alter the traditional reading to “his mihi prior sit” in his edition.
[1647] VI. xv.; IX. xxii.
[1648] VI. xv. 2.
[1649] VI. xxi.
[1650] III. xv.
[1651] V. v.
[1652] VIII. xii. 4; I. xvii. 3: “clarissimi cuiusque uitam egregiis
carminibus exornat.”
[1653] VIII. xii. 1.
[1654] IX. i.
[1655] IX. xxxi.
[1656] IX. xxxv.
[1657] V. xxi. 3-6.
[1658] Teuffel, _op. cit._, § 341, 4.
[1659] Text: ed. pr. (without _Ann._, I.-VI. and _Agric._), de Spira,
Ven., 1470; do. w. _Agric._, Puteolanus, Mil., 1476; Op. omn., Beroaldus,
Rom., 1515; Beatus Rhenanus, Bas., 1533; Lipsius, Antw., 1574, etc.; J.
F. Gronov, Amst., 1672, 1685; Jac. Gronov, Utr. (not. varior.), 1721;
Ernesti, Leipz., 1752; Brotier, ed. 2, Par., 1776, Lond., 1812; Ritter,
Bonn, 1834, Camb., 1848; Orelli, Zür., 1846, 1848 (re-ed. _Ann._, Baiter,
Zür., 1859; _Germ._, Schweizer-Sidler, Berl., 1877; _Dial._, _Agr._,
Andresen, Berl., 1877, 1880; _Hist._, Meiser, Berl., 1895); Haase,
Leipz., 1855; Halm, Lpz., ed. 4, 1884-1889; Nipperdey, Berl., 1871-1876;
ed. 10, 1904-1908; Fisher, Oxf., 1906-1911.
Selected sep. edns.: I., _Dial._, Benzelius, Ups., 1706; Michaelis,
Leipz., 1868; Peter, Jena, 1877; Valmaggi, Torino, 1890; Peterson
(introd., etc.), Oxf., 1893; Bennett, Boston, 1894; Gudeman, Bost.
(proleg., Eng. notes), 1894; Germ. ed., Leipz., 1914; John, Berl., 1899;
Wick, Torino, 1917.
II., _Agric._, Bosius, Jena, 1664; Wex, Brunsw., 1852; Kritz, Berl., ed.
3, 1874; Urlichs, Würzb., 1875; Gantrelle, Par., 1875; Peter, Jena, 1876;
Church and Brodribb, Lond., 1869; ed. 2, 1881 (w. _Germ._); Cornelissen,
Leid., 1881; Davis, Lond., 1892; Stephenson, 1894, 1899, Camb. (w.
_Germ._); Furneaux, Oxf., 1898; revised, J. G. C. Anderson, Oxf., 1922;
Annibaldi, Torino, 1917.
III., _Germ._, Fabricius, Augsb., 1580; Kritz, ed. 4 by Hirschfelder,
Berl., 1878; Prammer, Vienna, 1878, 1889; Baumstark (comm.), Lpz.,
1875-1880; Allen, Bost., 1885; Zernial, Berl., 1890, 1897; Furneaux,
Oxf., 1894; Annibaldi, Torino, 1916; Schweizer-Sidler, ed. 8, Halle,
1923; Schmaus, Bamberg, 1924.
IV., _Hist._, Kiessling, Lpz., 1840; Heraeus, Lpz., ed. 4, 1885; Simcox,
Lond., I., II., 1875; III.-V., 1876; Godley, Lond., I, II., 1887;
III.-V., 1890; Spooner, Lond., 1891; Fisher, Oxf., 1910.
V., _Ann._, Ruperti, Gött., 1805; Kiessling, Lpz., 1829; Nipperdey (_vide
supra_); Holbrooke, Lond., 1882; Furneaux, Oxf., 1891-1896; Fisher, Oxf.,
1906; Goelzer (Budé), Par., 1923 _sqq._ (Facsimile: Codex Laurent. 68, I.
and II., Rostagno, Leyd., 1902.)
Trans.: Wks. (w. Discourses): Gordon, 2 vols., fol., Lond., 1728-1731
(pedantic); (w. Essays), Murphy, Lond., 1793; 1830 (diffuse). Church and
Brodribb, Lond., _Agric._, _Germ._, _Dial._, 1877; _Hist._, new ed.,
1882; _Ann._, 1882; Townsend, _Agric._, _Germ._, Lond., 1894; G. G.
Ramsay, Lond., _Ann._, 1904-1909; _Hist._, 1915; _Hist._, Fyfe, Oxf.,
1912; _Agric._, _Germ._, Hutton, w. _Dial._, Peterson (Loeb), Lond.,
1914; _Hist._, Moore (Loeb), 1925.
General Wks.: Bötticher, Proleg. to _Lexicon Taciteum_, Berl., 1830,
and _De uita scriptis ac stilo Taciti_, Berl., 1834; Dubois-Guchan,
_Tacite et son siècle ou la société romaine impériale_, etc., 2 vols.,
Par., 1861; Urlichs, _De uita et honoribus Taciti_, Würzb., 1879;
Schiller, _Gesch. d. röm. Kaiserz._, Gotha, 1883; Asbach, _Röm. Kaisert.
u. Verfass. bis auf Traian_ (a hist. introd. to Tacitus); Peter, _Die
geschichtl. Litt. üb. d. röm. Kaiserzeit_; Boissier, _Tacite_, Par.,
1903; ed. 3, 1908; Eng. tr., Lond., 1906; Schwabe, _Pauly-Wissowa’s
Realencycl._, IV., 1566.
Special Wks.: in notes _infra_.
[1660] Other writers call him “Tacitus” or “Cornelius Tacitus”; _e.g._
Plin., _Epist._, IX. xxiii. 2. _Codex Med._, I, gives his praenomen as
“Publius”: Sidonius Apollinaris twice calls him “Gaius” (_Epist._, IV.
xiv. 1, xxii. 2), with which the later MSS. agree.
[1661] Novák once more claimed it for Quintilian in his ed. of _opera
minora_, Prag., 1889.
[1662] Plin., _Ep._, VII. xx. 3.
[1663] _N.H._, VII. 76.
[1664] _Hist._, I. i.: “dignitatem nostram a Vespasiano incohatam, a Tito
auctam, a Domitiano longius prouectam non abnuerim.”
[1665] _Ann._, XI. xi.
[1666] _Agr._, ix.: “consul egregiae tum spei filiam iuueni mihi
despondit....”
[1667] _Dial._, ii.
[1668] This date for his consulship is now usually accepted instead of
A.D. 98.
[1669] Plin., _Ep._, II. i. 6: “laudator eloquentissimus”; II. xi. 17:
“respondit Cornelius Tacitus eloquentissime et, quod eximium orationi
eius inest, σεμνῶς.”
[1670] _Agr._, xlv.: “nobis tam longae absentiae condicione ante
quadriennium amissus est.”
[1671] _Agr._, xlv.: “mox nostrae duxere Heluidium in carcerem manus ...
nos innocenti sanguine Senecio perfudit.”
[1672] _Agr._, iii.: “nunc demum redit animus; et quamquam primo statim
beatissimi saeculi ortu Nerua Caesar res olim dissociabiles miscuerit,
principatum ac libertatem, augeatque cotidie felicitatem temporum Nerua
Traianus....”
[1673] _Agr._, ii. 3: “dedimus profecto grande patientiae documentum
... memoriam quoque ipsam cum uoce perdidissemus, si tam in nostra
potestate esset obliuisci quam tacere”; iii. 3: “quid? si per quindecim
annos, grande mortalis aeui spatium ... pauci ... nostri superstites ...
iuuenes ad senectutem, senes prope ad ipsos exactae aetatis terminos per
silentium uenimus.”
[1674] _Hist._, I. i.: “quod si uita suppeditet, principatum diui Neruae
et imperium Traiani ... senectuti seposui”; _Ann._, III. xxiv.: “cetera
illius aetatis (_sc._ Augusti) memorabo, si, effectis in quae tetendi,
plures ad curas uitam produxero.”
[1675] Sabbadini in 1901 intimated Decembrio’s note to that effect.
Romance seemed to have entered into palaeography when the announcement
was made in 1903 of the discovery at Iesi, near Ancona, of a 15th-century
MS. in which is incorporated, it is claimed, one quaternion of the
_Agricola_ from the veritable parent codex.
[1676] Schanz, _Gesch. d. röm. Litt._, II., p. 293: “wir gewinnen den
Eindruck, als wollte der Verfasser des Dialogs einem Gegenstand alter
Liebe das letzte Lebenwohl zurufen,” u.s.w.
[1677] _Agr._, iii. 4: “hic interim liber, honori Agricolae soceri mei
destinatus, professione pietatis aut laudatus erit aut excusatus.”
[1678] It is not impossible that in Pliny, _Ep._, IX. x. 2, addressed
to Tacitus (though some think written by Tacitus), there is a direct
reference to this.
[1679] _Dial._, xxxviii. 4: “principis disciplina ipsam quoque
eloquentiam sicut omnia depacauerat.”
[1680] They are adequately and convincingly treated by Gudeman in 138
pages of prolegomena (ed. 1914). From his exhaustive bibliography may
be selected: Weinkauff, _De Tac. dialogi ... auctore_, Köln, 1859, and
_Untersuchungen u.s.w._, 1881; Steiner, _Ueber den Dial. de Or._, Progr.,
Kreuznach, 1863; Jansen, _De Tac. dial. auctore_, Gron., 1878; Resl,
_Utrum dial. ... Tacito adscribi possit_, etc., Czernowitz, 1881; Nolte,
_De ... dial. de or._, Gleiwitz, 1903.
[1681] _Dial._, xvii. 3. The figures given there of succeeding reigns as
amounting to the sum of 120 years from Cicero’s death in 43 B.C. to the
time of the dialogue need slight adjustment, because that total would
bring out the date at A.D. 77.
[1682] Schanz, _op. cit._, II., pp. 293-296. Gudeman (_op. cit._,
proleg.) successfully controverts Leo’s hypothesis of a date after
_Agric._ and _Germ._, and refutes the support lent to that hypothesis in
the theory of style propounded by Norden and Wilamowitz. Vogt’s pamphlet,
_Tac. als Politiker_, Stuttg., 1924, ends with a brief defence of the
early date.
[1683] Ed., 1914, pp. 92-96.
[1684] A comparison of the references to the emperors in chaps. iii.
and xliv. indicates that the _Agricola_ was published soon after
Trajan’s accession in A.D. 98. He is called _princeps_ in xliv. From the
introduction it is plain that the _Agricola_ preceded the _Germania_.
[1685] _Agr._, iii., _ad fin._
[1686] xlv. 3–xlvi.
[1687] Most editions handle the questions involved; _e.g._ Furneaux,
1898; Gudeman, 1902; Anderson, 1922. _Cf._ Hirzel, _Ueb. d. Tendenz des
Agr._, Tüb., 1871; Andresen, “Entstehung u. Tendenz des Tac. _Agr._” in
_Festschr. d. Gymn. z. grau. Kloster_, Berl., 1874; Leo., _Die griech.
röm. Biographie_, Lpz., 1901.
[1688] Germ. ed., Berl., 1902; similarly, Hendrickson, “Proconsulate of
Agric. in relation to hist. and encomium” in Univ. publns., Chicago, 1902.
[1689] Among those who see a political aim in the _Agric._ are Hoffmann,
_Zeitschr. f. d. österr. Gymn._, 1870; Gantrelle, _Rev. de l’instr.
belg._, xxi., p. 217; Furneaux, _Agr._, Intr., pp. 7-15; Boissier,
_Tacite_, 1903, pp. 161-166; _cf._ _L’Opposition sous les Césars_, pp.
317 _sqq._ On the other side, Hirzel, _op. cit._; Anderson, _Agr._,
Introd., and others.
[1690] _Agr._, xlv.: “nostrae duxere Heluidium in carcerem manus,” etc.
[1691] Pliny, addressing Trajan, _Pan._, xliv. 1, said, “Vixisti
nobiscum, periclitatus es, timuisti, quae tum erat innocentium uita.”
[1692] _Germ._, xxxvii.
[1693] _Ib._, xxiii.: “potui humor ex hordeo ...”; xxii.: “crebrae ut
inter uinolentos rixae,” etc.
[1694] Weinberger, _Die Frage nach Entstehung u. Tendenz der tacit.
Ger._, progr., Olmütz, 1890 (convenient summary); Müllenhoff, _Deutsche
Altertumskunde_, IV.
[1695] For historical background, see Henderson, _Civil War and Rebellion
in Rom. Emp._, Lond., 1908; for literary aspects, Courbaud, _Les procédés
d’art de T. dans les Hist._, Par., 1918.
[1696] Plin., _Ep._, VII. xxxiii.: “auguror ... historias tuas immortales
futuras”; Tert., _Apol._, 16: “Cornelius Tacitus ... in quinta
historiarum suarum.”
[1697] Hieron., _comm. Zach._, III. 14.
[1698] Ritter, ed. Camb., I, p. xxii.; _cf._ Goelzer, ed., Par., 1923.
[1699] _Ann._, XI. xi.
[1700] Schanz, _op. cit._, II. 311. Pliny, _Ep._, VI. xvi. 1, shows that
shortly before 106 Tacitus had not completed his collection of material
for the year 79.
[1701] _Decline and Fall_, etc., ed. Bury, 1896, ch. ix., p. 232 _n._
[1702] Morr, “Die Landeskunde von Palästina bei Strabon u. Josephos,”
_Philol._, lxxxi. 3 (1926), considers Posidonius a source for Strabo and
Josephus as well as for Tacitus’s _Hist._ and Justinus.
[1703] _Ann._, III. lxv.; IV. xxxii.; XIII. xxxi.
[1704] _Ann._, IV. lxxi.: “ni mihi destinatum foret suum quaeque in annum
referre, auebat animus antire....” On the annalistic principle he defers
treating certain events: “in tempore memorabo,” I. lviii.; “in loco
reddemus,” II. iv.
[1705] VI. xxxviii.: “duabus aestatibus gesta coniunxi”; XII. xl.:
“plures per annos gesta.”
[1706] _Ann._, II. lxi ... “Romani imperii quod nunc ad mare rubrum
patescit”; Spart., _Hadr._, v. 1-4.
[1707] _Ann._, VI. xxvii. He applies the term _libri_ to his previous
_Histories_ in _Ann._, XI, xi.
[1708] _Cf._ _Ann._, XV. lxiv.; XVI. xxxv.
[1709] _Hist._, III. xxv., xxviii., li.
[1710] Schur has recently in _Klio_, xix. (“Untersuchungen zur Gesch. d.
Kriege Corbulos”) argued that Tacitus used Corbulos’s military reports,
while Cluvius was the main authority for A.D. 60-63.
[1711] _Ann._, I. lxix., lxxxi.; III. iii.; IV. liii.; VI. vi.; XIII.
xx.; XIV. ii.; XV. xvi., liii., lxi., lxxiv. (_cf._ II. lxxxviii.).
[1712] _Hist._, II. xxxvii.; III. li.; _Ann._, I. xxix.
[1713] _Ann._, V. iv. 4.
[1714] _E.g._ _Hist._, IV. xxxix. _sqq._, where _decretae_, _censuit_,
etc., are official echoes.
[1715] _Ann._, XIII. xxxi. 1.
[1716] For a sketch of the problem, Schanz, _op. cit._; _cf._ R.
Weidemann, _Die Quellen d. ersten sechs Bücher v. Tac. Ann._, Cleve, 1868
(emphasising _Senatus acta_), H. Nissen, _Rh. M._, xxvi. (1871), pp. 497
_sqq._ (“Einquellenprinzip”); Fabia, _Les sources de T. dans les hist.
et les ann._, Par., 1893; Groag, _Zur Kritik von T. Quellen in d. Hist._
(Fleck. Jahrb. Suppl., 23 (1897), p. 711). The discussion is endless; see
Marx in _Herm._, lx. 74 _sqq._
[1717] The resemblances are arrayed by E. G. Hardy, Plut., _Galba and
Otho_ (Introd.), Lond., 1890.
[1718] The view that Plutarch used Tac. is supported by Clason, _Plut.
u. Tac._, Berl., 1870; Nipperdey, ed. _Ann._, 1874; Lange, _De Tacito
Plutarchi auctore_, Halle, 1880, and others. Most, however, guess at a
common source, either the (inadequate) _acta diurna_ (Hirzel), or Cluvius
(H. Peter and Mommsen), or the elder Pliny (Nissen, Hardy, Fabia). Th.
Wiedemann, in a Latin diss. of 1857, conjectured that Tac. used Pliny,
and Plutarch both Pliny and Cluvius. Borenius (diss. Helsings., 1902)
argued that Plutarch used both Tacitus and the common source. For other
variations, see Schanz, _op. cit._
[1719] _Hist._, I. x.: “occulta fati”; xviii.: “quae fato manent”;
_Ann._, V. iv.: “fatali quodam motu ... seu praua sollertia”; _Ann._, I.
lv.: “Varus fato et ui Arminii cecidit.” Contrast _Ann._, III. xviii.:
“ludibria rerum mortalium”; IV. xx.: “dubitare cogor fato et sorte
nascendi ... an sit aliquid in nostris consiliis.”
[1720] Pöhlmann, _Die Weltanschauung des T._, ed. 2, Münch., 1913, calls
his views “ein Chaos von unabgeklärten u. unausgereiften Meinungen.”
Fabia’s notice of Pöhlmann appeared in _Jrnl. des Savants_, 1914, pp. 250
_sqq._, in art. entitled “L’irréligion de Tacite.”
[1721] _Hist._, IV. xxvi.: “quod in pace fors seu natura, tunc fatum et
ira diuom uocabatur”; _Ann._, IV. i.: “non tam sollertia ... quam, deum
ira....”; XVI. xvi.: “ira illa numinum in res Romanas”; _Hist._, I. iii.:
“adprobatum est non esse curae deis securitatem nostram, esse ultionem.”
[1722] _Ann._, XIV. v. i.
[1723] _Hist._, I. iv. ... “non modo casus euentusque rerum ... sed ratio
etiam causaeque.”
[1724] _Ann._, XIII. xxxi.: “cum ex dignitate populi Romani repertum sit
res inlustres annalibus, talia diurnis urbis actis mandare.”
[1725] _Hist._, I. i.: “omnem potentiam ad unum conferri pacis interfuit.”
[1726] _Ann._, VI. xiii.: “populi imperium iuxta libertatem....”
[1727] _Hist._, II. xxxvii.-xxxviii.
[1728] _Hist._, IV. viii.
[1729] _Ann._, IV. xxxiii.
[1730] _Ib._, “plures aliorum euentis docentur: ceterum ut profutura, ita
minimum oblectationis adferunt.”
[1731] _Ann._, I. i. ... “sine ira et studio, quorum causas procul habeo.”
[1732] The question of Tiberius’s character is older than the histories
of Ihne and Duruy, and goes back to the 17th cent., when a justification
of Tiberius was attempted by De la Houssaye, _Tibère_, Amst., 1686. For
some modern views, see Stahr, _Tiberius_, Berl., 1863; Freytag, _Tib.
und Tac._, Berl., 1870 (indicates inconsistencies in Tac.); Beesly,
_Catiline, Clodius and Tib._, Lond., 1878 (a rehabilitation); Furneaux,
ed. _Ann._, I.-VI., 1884, on “Char. and Govt. of Tib.” (moderate
view); Gentile, _Il imp. Tiberio secondo la moderna critica storica_,
Mil., 1887 (summarizes points at issue); Faust, _De Vellei Pat. fide,
Giessen_, 1891; Tarver, _Tib. the Tyrant_, Westm., 1902 (a defence of
Tib.); Jerome, _Roman Memories_, Lond., 1914, pp. 220-248 (refutation of
“Orgy in Capri”); J. S. Reid, “Tac. as a Historian,” _J.R.S._, XI. 2,
1921 (protest against too high an estimate). Bacha, _Le génie de T., la
création des annales_, Par., 1906, takes the extreme line that the work
is a mendacious and poetic romance.
[1733] Voltaire’s article, “Pyrrhonisme” in his _Dictionnaire
Historique_, stated doubts regarding Suetonius’s account of the
foulnesses alleged to have disgraced the old age of Tiberius.
[1734] Language and style: Bötticher, _Lexicon Taciteum_, Berl., 1830;
Dräger, _Üb. Syntax u. Stil des T._, Lpg., ed. 2, 1874; ed. 3, 1882;
Wölfflin, _Philol._, xxiv.-xxvii. (on evolution of T.’s style); Furneaux,
_Ann._, Intr., ch. v.; _Clemm_, _De Breuiloq. T._, Lpg., 1881; Valmaggi,
_L’arcaismo in T._, Tur., 1891; Vianey, _Quomodo dici possit T. fuisse
summum pingendi artificem_, Par., 1896; G. G. Ramsay, _Ann._, trans.,
Intr., Lond., 1904; Lundström, _Tacitus’s poetiska källor_, Göteborg,
1923.
[1735] _E.g._ of the type met with in later bks. of _Annals_, such as XV.
v.: “Vologesi uetus et penitus infixum erat arma Romana uitandi.”
[1736] See Dräger, _op. cit._
[1737] _Germ._, xlvi.: “uictui herba, uestitui pelles, cubile humus”;
_Hist._, I. liii.: “corpore ingens, animi immodicus”; _Ann._, III. lxv.:
“insignes per honestum aut notabili dedecore”; XII. xxix.: “subsidio
uictis et terrorem aduersus uictores.”
[1738] Cicero never uses _claritudo_; Sallust uses _claritudo_, not
_claritas_; in Tacitus _claritudo_ is frequent, _claritas_ rare.
[1739] Brugmann, _Indogerm. Forsch._, V., p. 100; Schmalz, _Latein.
Gramm._, ed. 3 p. 474.
[1740] _Cf._ _Agr._, xxii.: “intrepida hiems”; _Germ._, xxvii.:
“sepulcrum caespes erigit”; _Ann._, I. lxxiv.: “uestigia morientis
libertatis.”
[1741] _Dial._, xx. 6.
[1742] In reviewing De Groot’s _Antike Prosarbythmus_, _J.R.S._, XI.
(1921), pp. 116-117, I pointed out that the identity of the possibly
un-Tacitean title _Annales_ with that of Ennius’s poem makes a shaky
foundation for the guess that Tacitus is citing Ennius, and a shakier one
for the dogmatic statement (_op. cit._, p. 27), “die Annalen fängt er
aber so gar mit einem ganzen Hexameter des Ennius an.”
[1743] Ramorino, _Cornelio Tacito nella storia della coltura_, Mil.,
1898; “T. during late Roman period,” J.R.S., VI. (1916), pp. 196 _sqq._
[1744] Vopisc., _Tac._, x.
[1745] Cassiod., _Var._, v. 2: “quodam (_quondam_, Müllenhoff) Cornelio
scribente.”
[1746] Text: Ed. pr. (Ven.), 1470; Calderinus, Ven., 1475; G. Valla,
Ven., 1486; comment. Mancinelli, Lyon, 1498; Britannicus, Bresc., 1501;
Pulmannus, Antw., 1565; in usum Delphini, Par., 1684; Pithoeus, Par.,
1585; Rigaltius, Par., 1613; Henninius, Utr., 1685, and Glasg., 1750; c.
comm. eruditorum (with the Casaubons’ Persius), Leid., 1695; Ruperti,
Lpz., 1801, 1819; Heinrich, Bonn, 1839; Stocker (w. Pers.), ed. 3, Lond.,
1845; Jahn, Berl., 1851 (w. Pers. and Sulpicia, 1858; ed. 2 and 3 by
Bücheler, 1886 and 1893; ed. 4, Leo, 1910); Hermann, Lpz., 1854, 1873,
1897 (w. Sulp.); Ribbeck, Lpz., 1859; Simcox (XIII. Sats.), ed. 2, Lond.,
1873; Lewis (w. Eng. tr.), ed. 2, Lond., 1882; J. E. B. Mayor (XIII.
Sats.), Lond., 1853, 1869, 1880-1881; E. G. Hardy (XIII. Sats.), Lond.,
1883; ed. 2, 1891; Pearson and Strong, Oxf., 1887; Friedländer, 2 vols.,
Lpz., 1895; J. D. Duff (without II. and IX.), Camb., 1898, 1900, 1914;
Housman, Lond., 1905, and in _C. P. Lat._, Lond., 1905; Owen (w. Pers.),
ed. 2, Oxf., 1907.
Winstedt, _Ad Sat. VI. in cod. Bodl. additi versus xxxvi._ (facs.), Oxf.,
1899; Ellis, _The new fragments of J._, Lond. and Oxf., 1901; Cope, _On a
recently discovered fragmt. of J._, Oxf., 1905.
Trans.: In verse, Stapylton, Lond., 1647; Dryden and others (w. Pers.),
Lond., 1693; Gifford, Lond., 1802, 1805; In prose, Strong and Leeper
(XIII. Sats.), Lond., 1882; Owen, Lond., 1903; G. G. Ramsay (w. Pers.,
Loeb ed.), Lond., 1918.
Life: See various edns. and Friedländer, _De Juv. uitae temporibus_,
Köningsb., 1875, and _Sittensgesch. Roms_; Strack, _De Juv. exilio_,
Laub., 1880; Naguiewski, _De Juv. uita observ._, Riga, 1883; Hild,
_Juvénal, notes biog._, Par., 1884; Dürr, _Das Leben Juv._, Ulm, 1888;
Dompierre de Chaufepié, _De titulo I.R.N._ 4312 _ad Juv. poetam perperam
relato_, Hag., 1889; Nettleship, “Life and Poems of J.,” in _Lects. and
Essays_, ser. 2, Oxf., 1895; Merchant, “The parentage of Juv.,” _A.J.P._,
22 (1901).
On Satires: Ribbeck, _Der echte u. d. unechte Juv._, Berl., 1865; Martha,
_Les moralistes sous l’emp. rom._, Par., 1866; ed. 8, 1907; Widal, _Juv.
et ses satires_, Par., 1869; Tyrrell, _Lat. Poetry_, N. Yk., 1895;
Plessis, _La poésie lat._, Par., 1909.
Style: Wilcke, _Disp. quid elocutio Juvenalis a Persiana differat_,
Stendal, 1869; Schwartz, _De J. Horatii imitatore_, Halle, 1882; Gehlen,
_De J. Vergili imitatore_, Gött., 1886; Eskuche, _Juvenals Versbau_,
offprint fr. Friedländer’s ed., Lpz., 1895 (contention that J. is
designedly careless in metre was opposed by L. Müller, _Berl. phil.
Wochenschr._, 1896); Wilson, _Lity. influence of Martial upon J._, in
_A.J.P._, 19 (1898).
[1747] Ioannes Malalas, _Chron._, X., p. 341, Chilm., says Juvenal was
banished to Pentapolis in Libya for attacking Domitian’s favourite Paris.
Suidas has an entry regarding Ἰουβενάλιος to like effect. Juvenal is
coupled with Marius Maximus in Amm. Marcell., XXVIII. iv. 14, and with
Turnus in Rut. Namat., _Itin._, I. 604, and in Ioannes Lydus, _De Mag._,
l. 41.
[1748] IX. 269.
[1749] Published probably before A.D. 114. Juvenal was alive after A.D.
127.
[1750] VII. 90-92.
[1751] _E.g._ on the dole, I. 95 _sqq._; lackeys, III. 188-189; poverty,
III. 152-153, 163-165.
[1752] I. 24-30; III. 58-125; X. 226.
[1753] “Quantum ipse notaui,” XV. 45, is not absolutely convincing proof
of his having been in Egypt. His topographical mistake about the two
villages Ombi and Tentyra does not add to one’s confidence.
[1754] _E.g._ _cf._ I. 15-17 with 25.
[1755] III. 318-321.
[1756] _C.I.L._, X. 5382 = Dessau, _Inscr. Lat. Sel._, I. 2926.
[1757] II. 159-161; IV. 126, 141; X. 14; XIV. 196; XV. 111-112, 124.
[1758] Mart., VII. xxiv. and xci.; XII. xviii.
[1759] Juv., VII. 124-125, “et melius nos egimus.” See Merchant,
_A.J.P._, 22 (1901), PP. 51 _sqq._
[1760] Mart., X. xx. 3; Juv., VIII. 48; _cf._ VII. 145.
[1761] Nettleship, _Lects. and Essays_, II., pp. 124-131; Pearson and
Strong’s ed., pp. 41-43.
[1762] Leo, “Doppelfassungen bei Juv.,” _Herm._, xliv. 4, argued for
two complete editions, one published by the poet himself, the second
(containing alterations) after his death; and attempted to reconstruct
double versions in Juvenal (_cf._ the Bodleian fragment). If copies
of both editions were known to commentators for centuries, then the
posthumous text might in places be interpolated from the earlier.
[1763] II. 29-33; IV. 37, 73, 84-88.
[1764] IV. 153.
[1765] I. 49-50.
[1766] VI. 407, 411.
[1767] _Jrnl. of Phil._, XVI., pp. 55 _sqq._
[1768] VIII. 120: “nuper Marius discinxerit Afros.”
[1769] XIII. 17; XV. 27: “nuper consule Iunco.”
[1770] XI. 203.
[1771] I. 15-17.
[1772] XIII. 121-123.
[1773] XIII. 19-22:
“Magna quidem, sacris quae dat praecepta libellis,
Victrix Fortunae Sapientia: ducimus autem
Hos quoque felices, qui ferre incommoda uitae,
Nec iactare iugum, uita didicere magistra.”
[1774] XI. 65, 190.
[1775] This piece, 34 lines long, was discovered in 1899 by Mr. Winstedt.
The sceptical attacks of a few Continental critics have only served to
establish its authenticity; but Dralle, in a Marburg dissertation, 1922,
renews the ineffectual attempt.
[1776] I. 85-86:
“Quidquid agunt homines, uotum, timor, ira, uoluptas,
Gaudia, discursus, nostri est farrago libelli.”
[1777] VI. 433:
“Illa tamen grauior, quae cum discumbere coepit,
Laudat Vergilium, periturae ignoscit Elissae.”
[1778] VI. 438-440.
[1779] VI. 440-442:
“Verborum tanta cadit uis,
Tot pariter pelues et tintinnabula dicas
Pulsari.”
[1780] VI. 634 _sqq._: “Fingimus haec....”
[1781] IX. 125-129:
“Nunc mihi quid suades post damnum temporis et spes
Deceptas? festinat enim decurrere, uelox
Flosculus, angustae miseraeque breuissima uitae
Portio; dum bibimus, dum serta unguenta puellas
Poscimus, obrepit non intellecta senectus.”
[1782] III. 152-153.
[1783] III. 254-267.
[1784] VII. 207-210:
“Di, maiorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere terram
Spirantisque crocos et in urna perpetuum uer,
Qui praeceptorem sancti uoluere parentis
Esse loco.”
[1785] VIII. 19-20.
[1786] VIII. 24-28: “... Agnosco procerem....”
[1787] VIII. 83-84:
“Summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori
Et propter uitam uiuendi perdere causas.”
[1788] X. 21: “et motae ad lunam trepidabis arundinis umbram.”
[1789] X. 56-89.
[1790] X. 166-167.
[1791] X. 346-366.
[1792] XI. 203:
“Nostra bibat uernum contracta cuticula solem
Effugiatque togam.”
[1793] XII. 128-130.
[1794] XIII. 189-192:
“quippe minuti
Semper et infirmi est animi exiguique uoluptas
Vitio. Continuo sic collige, quod uindicta
Nemo magis gaudet quam femina.”
[1795] XIV. 321: “Nunquam aliud Natura, aliud Sapientia dicit.”
[1796] XV. 131-133: “Mollissima corda”; _cf._ 142 _sqq._: “Separat hoc
nos a grege mutorum.”
[1797] Hor., _Sat._, I. iv. 33-38, 78-85, 100-106, 129-139.
[1798] XIII. 20-22.
[1799] I. 120-126: “... ‘Profer, Galla, caput!’—‘noli uexare: quiescet.’”
[1800] IV. 117-118.
[1801] The laughable at any rate is present. Some of its aspects were
made the subject of a “program” by Neissner, _Ueber das komische Element
in d. Sat. des J._, Dresd., 1876.
[1802] III. 17-20:
“In uallem Egeriae descendimus et speluncas
Dissimiles ueris. Quanto praesentius esset
Numen aquis, uiridi si margine clauderet undas
Herba, nec ingenuum uiolarent marmora tofum.”
[1803] X. 22: “cantabit uacuus coram latrone uiator.”
[1804] V. 130-131:
“plurima sunt quae
non audent homines pertusa dicere laena.”
[1805] XIV. 276; I. 13; X. 221.
[1806] III. 6-9.
[1807] Nisard was too sweeping when he wrote: “Quant à la religion, ce
qu’il en a dit en se moquant ôte toute autorité aux endroits où il parle
sur le ton sérieux,” _Études_, etc., ed. 3, 1867, II., p. 59.
[1808] XIII. 121-122.
[1809] XIV. 25 and 215; _cf._ Hor., _Epist._, I. ii. 42; Virg., _G._, II.
363.
[1810] For historical background, Gregorovius, _Der Kaiser Hadrian_,
ed. 2, Stuttg., 1884; Eng. tr., Robinson, Lond., 1898; Henderson, _Life
and Principate of H._, Lond., 1923 (“H.’s Literary Activities,” pp. 240
_sqq._).
[1811] _Translations ... of Dying Hadrian’s Address to his Soul_,
collected by D. Johnston, Bath, 1876 (in several languages).
[1812] This was my view in _Lit. Hist. of Rome_, 1909, p. 636. Galdi’s
examination of the style and _clausulae_ of Justinus tends to show “che è
assai verosimile ch’egli visse sotto gli Antonini, e propriamente tra il
130-180,” _L’epitome nella lett. lat._, 1922, p. 108.
[1813] Or, Scoticé:
Wee flutterin’ dawtit saul an’ bonnie,
Ma body’s verra guest an’ crony,
For whatna land maun ye awa’,
Sae pale, sae cauldrife, stripp’d o’ a’,
Wi’ fient a joke tae play on ony?
[1814] Ed. pr. (pref. by Campanus), Rome, 1470; (pref. by Bishop of
Aleria) also Rome, 1470; (printed by Jenson) Ven., 1471; Beroaldus,
Bologna, 1493, 1506; Erasmus, Bâle, 1518; Casaubon, Geneva, 1595, Par.,
1610; Pitiscus (comm. varior.), Utr., 1690, Louvain, 1714; P. Burman,
Amst., 1736; Baumgarten-Crusius (comm., ind.), Lpz., 1816; Roth, Lpz.,
1858, 1890, 1904; Preud’homme, Gron., 1906; Ihm, Lpz., 1907. _Suet.
praeter Caesarum libros reliquiae_, Reifferscheid, Lpz., 1860. Sep.
_Vitae: Jul., Aug._, Peck, N. Yk., ed. 2, 1893; _Aug._, Shuckburgh,
Camb., 1896; _Claud._, Smilda, Gron., 1896; _Galb., Oth., Vit._, Hofstee,
Gron., 1898; _Tib., Cal., Claud., Nero_, Pike, Bost., 1903. Trans.: (1)
_Caesars._, Philemon Holland, Lond., 1606 (and reissues); “By several
hands,” Lond., 1688; (2) _extant wks._, Bohn Lib., Lond., 1893 and other
yrs. (Forester’s revision of Thomson’s trans., Lond., 1796); Loeb Lib.,
Rolfe, Lond. and N. Yk., 1914.
On style, etc.: Thimm, _De usu atque elocutione C. Suet._, Königsb.,
1867; Bagge, _De eloc. C. Suet._, Ups., 1875; Macé, _Essai sur Suét._,
Par., 1900; Leo, _Die griech-röm. Biographie_, Lpz., 1901; Freund, _De
Suet. usu ... dicendi_, Bresl., 1901; Howard and Jackson, _Index Verborum
C. Suet. Tranq. stilique eius proprietatum nonnullarum_, Camb., Mass.,
1922.
[1815] There are seven: _Aug._, vii.; _Cal._, xix.; _Ner._, lvii.;
_Oth._, x.; _Dom._, xii.; _De Gramm._, iv. (recollection of hearing
instances of students going straight from _grammatici_ to the bar); _Vit.
Luc._ (recollection of Lucan being lectured on).
[1816] This is Macé’s view, _Essai sur Suét._, pp. 35 _sqq._ Mommsen’s
date, a.d. 77 (_Herm._, III. p. 43), seems too late. Shuckburgh, _Aug._,
p. xxviii., prefers 75, which Teuffel thinks the latest possible year.
[1817] _Ner._, lvii.; _Dom._, xii. 2.
[1818] _Ep._, I. xviii.; III. viii.; V. x.; IX. xxxiv.; X. xciv.
[1819] _Ep._, X. xciv. ... “in contubernium adsumpsi tantoque magis
diligere coepi quanto hunc (? nunc, ? tunc) propius inspexi.”
[1820] “Ab epistulis”; or, acc. to the later title used by Spartian, Vit.
Hadr., xi. “epistularum magister.”
[1821] Spart., _Hadr._, xi.
[1822] _Ep._, V. x. 2: “Sum et ipse in edendo haesitator: tu tamen meam
quoque cunctationem tarditatemque uicisti.”
[1823] The _Lives_ of Virgil and Persius have had defenders, but are not
usually accepted as by Suetonius.
[1824] Possibly it should be connected with Καισάρων ιβʹ, “The Twelve
Caesars,” which it immediately precedes in Suidas.
[1825] This would make up for their dismissal with scarcely more than a
chapter in _Vit. Iul._, xxv.-vi.
[1826] The theories of Reifferscheid and Schanz are summarized by Schanz,
_op. cit._, VIII. iii. (1922), pp. 63-64.
[1827] Plin., _Ep._, V. x.; Macé, _op. cit._ Roth gives A.D. 106-113.
[1828] Macé, _op. cit._, has discussed the imperial documents available
for consultation by Suetonius.
[1829] _Ner._, lii.
[1830] _Cl._, xli.
[1831] Prof. Monroe Deutsch has contended that the author who recorded
the story of Caesar’s extravagant gifts to his reputed mistress Queen
Eunoe of Mauretania was not (M. Actorius) Naso, but (P. Attius) Varus,
one of Pompey’s officers, and therefore hostile to Caesar. The argument
is that in Suet., _Iul._, lii., the true reading is “ut Varus scripsit,”
_Class. Jrnl._, Dec., 1921.
[1832] _Cal._, viii.
[1833] _Vit._, i.
[1834] _De Gramm._, xxii.
[1835] _Anct._ _Lives of Virgil_, pp. 28 _sqq._
[1836] _Cf._ _Iul._, xliv., his mapping out of _forma_, _habitus_,
_cultus_, _mores_, _ciuilia studia_, _bellica studia_, as themes to
precede the omens of death.
[1837] Philarète Chasles, _Études sur le seizième siècle_, Par., 1876:
“Brantôme, Pepys et Suétone,” pp. 339-352.
[1838] _Les Trophées_, sonnet on “Tranquillus.”
[1839] _Iul._, xlv.; _Aug._, lxxix.; _Tib._, lxviii.; _Cal._, l.; _Cl._,
xxx.; _Ner._, li.; _Galb._, xxi.
[1840] _Iul._, xxxi.-xxxii. (where the well-known “iacta alea est”
occurs). _Cf._ Lucan’s account, translated p. 303 _supra_.
[1841] _Iul._, lxxxii.; _Tib._, xi.; _Cal._, xxxii.; _Ner._, xl.-xlix.
[1842] Extract from Augustus’s letter, _Claud._, iv.: “Nam qui tam ἀσαφῶς
loquatur, qui possit cum declamat σαφῶς dicere ... non uideo.”
[1843] _Hist. de l’éloq. rom._, I. 311.
[1844] De Groot, _Prosarhythmus_, pp. 108-109.
[1845] Macé, _op. cit._, pp. 379-398. Shuckburgh, _Aug._, pref. ix.,
declares “For rhythmical prose he has either no ear or no patience.”
[1846] Vopisc., _Firm._, i.: “Suetonius Tranquillus, emendatissimus et
candidissimus scriptor ... cui familiare fuit amare breuitatem.”
[1847] Spart., _Hadr._, xvi.
[1848] _De Gram._, x.
[1849] See footnote on _Historia Augusta_, p. 655 _infra_.
[1850] Ed. pr., Par., _c._ 1470; Camers, Vienn., 1518; Gruter, Heidel.,
1597; Salmasius, Heidel., 1609; Tanaquil Faber, Saumur, 1672 (illustr.
Anna, T. Fabri filia, in usum Delph., Lond., 1692); Graevius, Utr., 1680;
Duker, Leyd., 1722; Fischer, Lpz., 1760; Titze, Prag., 1819; Jahn, Lpz.,
1852; Halm, Lpz., 1854, 1872; Rossbach, Lpz., 1896.
Trans.: M. Casaubon, Lond., 1658; Watson (w. Sall. and Paterc.), Lond.,
1876, 1889.
Other Wks.: Monceaux, _Les Africains_, Par., 1894 (pp. 193-209);
Sabbadini, “Del numerus in Floro,” _Riv. fil. cl._, xxv. 1897; Galdi,
_L’epitome nella lett. rom._, Nap., 1922 (pp. 44-62).
[1851] Printed in Halm’s ed., pp. 106-109.
[1852] Spart. _Hadr._, xvi.; Bährens, _Frag. P.R._, p. 373.
Florus: “Ego nolo Caesar esse,
Ambulare per Britannos,
Scythicas pati pruinas.”
Hadr.: “Ego nolo Florus esse,
Ambulare per tabernas,
Latitare per popinas,
Culices pati rotundos.”
One of Florus’s lines may have dropped out.
[1853] Bährens, _P.L.M._, iv., p. 279 and 346.
[1854] Ed. pr., Pithoeus, Par., 1577; (w. Catull., Tib., Prop.) Utr.,
1680 (notes by Lipsius and Dousa); (w. Catull.) Owen, Lond., 1893;
_Peruig. Ven._, Mackail, Lond., 1910; Clementi, Oxf., 1911 (w. trans.);
Fort (in quatrains), Oxf., 1922; Postgate (Lat. and Eng.), Lond., 1924.
[1855] Mackail pointed out the quaternary arrangement and printed a
reconstruction in _Jrl. Philol._, vol. xvii., 1888.
[1856] See Appendix to Fort’s ed. of _Peruig. Ven._
[1857] Flor., II. xxxiii.; Plin., _N.H._, XXXIII. 4 (21); 5 (26, 27); 6
(40).
[1858] His “plus quam bellum,” II. xi., in reference to civil strife,
seems an echo of Lucan’s opening line. But see footnote on p. 321 _supra_.
[1859] _Prooem._, 8: “A Caesare Augusto in saeculum nostrum haud
multo minus anni ducenti ... sub Traiano principe mouit (mouet,
_Naz._) lacertos et praeter spem omnium senectus imperii ... reuiruit
(reuirescit, _Naz._).” I. v. 5, “hactenus pro libertate ... Euphrates,”
could not have been written before A.D. 115.
[1860] Augustine must have had Florus in his eye when he wrote the words
“non tam narrare bella Romana quam Romanum imperium laudare,” _Ciu. Dei_,
iii. 19.
[1861] _E.g._ the anaphora “unde ... nisi ...” three times, I. xlvii.
[1862] Monceaux, _Les Africains_, p. 209, thinks that Florus, “prépare
les voies aux grands rhéteurs d’Afrique ... et s’il tombe fréquemment
dans la déclamation, l’afféterie et le mauvais goût, ce seront là
justement des défauts familiers à la prose africaine.”
[1863] Not, however, invariably: _e.g._ “reuersus igitur” (III. x. = I.
xlv.).
[1864] Teuffel records 125 occurrences of _quasi_ and 75 of _quippe_
in the 81 chapters. The single chapter cited in the previous note
illustrates several inartistic repetitions of both words.
[1865] Ed. by Wölfflin, Lpz., 1873; _cf._ Galdi, _op. cit._, pp. 80-89.
[1866] Professor Summers in his _Silver Age of Lat. Lit._ omits even
Suetonius.
[1867] Certain aspects of this later Hellenic literature are sketched in
Mahaffy’s _Silver Age of the Gk. World_, Chicago, 1906.
[1868] Dessau, _Herm._ XXIV. (1889), assigned it to the days of
Theodosius the Great, _i.e._ late in 4th cent. But N. Baynes, _Hist.
Aug., Its Date and Purpose_, Oxf., 1926, argues for A.D. 362-363, under
Julian.
[1869] _De Consulatu Stilichonis_, III. 150:
“Haec est in gremium uictos quae sola recepit,
Humanumque genus communi nomine fouit,
Matris non dominae ritu: ciuesque uocauit,
Quos domuit, nexuque pio longinqua reuinxit.”
[1870] _E.g._ Simcox, _A Hist. of Lat. Lit. from Ennius to Boethius_,
1883. Teuffel extends his _Geschichte_ beyond Cassiodorus and Gregory of
Tours so as to include some writers of the seventh and eighth cents.
[1871] Manitius begins his _Gesch. der lat. Lit. des Mittelalters_,
1911-1923, with Boethius. Pichon, _Hist. de la litt. lat._, regards
Sidonius, Boethius and Cassiodorus as “tout à fait confins du moyen âge.”
INDEX
The letter _n._ after a number means a footnote on the page indicated.
For the main subjects treated under leading authors, consultants are
referred to the summary prefixed to each chapter, and for other points
to the bibliographies given in the footnotes. The index includes the
names of modern scholars cited in the notes, where their views illustrate
literary history or criticism.
A
_Ab_: for titles so beginning _see_ under leading word
=Abbott=, Prof. F. F., 170 _n._, 185 _n._
_Abusive Terms and their Origin_ (in Greek by Suetonius, lost), 633
=Academic Thought=, 36, 370
=Accius=, 30, 68, 70, 79, 153, 252, 254, 256, 257, 269, 273, 283,
558, 596
_Achilleid_, 470, 482-483
_Achilles in Scyros_, 483
=Ackermann=, 257 _n._
=Acrostic=, 343-344
_Acta diurna_, 584, 585, 586 _n._, 635
_Acta senatus_, 584, 585, 586 _n._, 635
_Ad_: for titles so beginning _see_ under leading word
=Addison=, 33
=Ademar=, 150, 151 _n._
_Adlocutio ad Pollam_ (Lucan, lost), 300
_Aduersus Astrologos_ (lost), 161
_Aduersus Nationes_ (Arnobius), 654
_Aegisthus_ (Andronicus, lost), 256
_Aeglogues_ (in _Shepheards Calender_), 335
=Aelian= (on Greek tactics), 630
_Aeneas_ (drama by Pomponius Secundus, lost), 159, 273
_Aeneid_, 166, 178, 182, 268, 316, 437, 441, 447, 458, 460, 466, 477,
481, 482
=Aerodius=, 414
=Aeschylean depth=, 251, 255
=Aeschylus=, 250, 253;
(in relation to Seneca), 255-256; 270, 480
=Aeserninus= (speaker), 62
=Aesop=, 29, 135-139, 146, 150, 153
_Aethiopica_, 189
_Aetna_, 217, 323, 338-341
=Afer=; _see_ “Domitius”
=Afranius=, 30, 186 _n._, 277, 651
=Africa, schools in=, 37, 38, 615
=African Latin=; _see_ “Latin”
_Agamemnon_ (Aeschylus), 251, 256
_Agamemnon_ (Seneca), 248, 255-256, 267, 270, 272, 274
=Agathurnus=, Claudius, 281
_Agaue_ (Statius, lost), 158, 468, 470, 530
_Agesilaos_ (Xenophon), 569
=Agricola= (governor in Britain), 423, 560, 561, 562, 563, 567-572,
597
=Agricola= (humanist), 413
_Agricola_ (by Tacitus), 560, 563, 566, 567-573, 629
_Agricultura, De_ (Celsus, lost), 115
=Agriculture=, 18, 36, 114, 115, 160-168, 231, 334, 354, 374, 378, 383
=Agrippina the elder=, 583
=Agrippina the younger=, 201, 202, 204, 213, 244, 274, 277, 345, 349,
583, 592
=Agrippina’s= _Memoirs_, 62, 234, 584, 592
=Aietius Pastor= (rhetor), 61
=Alban poetic contests=, 6, 468, 529
=Albertini=, 196 _n._, 207, 208, 209 _n._, 211, 216 _n._, 217 _n._,
223 _n._
=Albinovanus Pedo=, 57, 156, 157, 512
=Albucius Silus= (rhetor), 48, 50, 60
_Alcithoe_ (lost drama), 278
=Alcuin=, 385, 657
=Alexander=, William, Earl of Stirling (dramatist), 273
=Alexander Severus= (emperor), 38, 40, 150, 653
=Alexander the Great=: (Curtius’s hero), 101-113; 125, 214, 315, 374,
461, 465, 617
_Alexandri Magni Historiae_, 101-113, 323
=Alexandria=, 125, 137, 150, 225, 363, 364, 367, 380, 651, 656
=Alexandrian literary canons=, 400, 401, 480
=Alexandrinism=, 287, 480, 493
=Alfieri=, 598
=Alfius Avitus= (Hadrianic poet), 628
=Alfius Flavus= (rhetor), 62
_Alice in Wonderland_, 239
=Allain=, 532 _n._, 533 _n._, 538 _n._
=Alliteration=, 263, 311, 328, 450, 466, 611, 626-627
_Aloisia_ (Chorier), 289
=Aly=, 358 _n._, 359, 360 _n._, 361
=Alzinger=, 338
_Ambracia_ (Ennius, lost), 273
=Ambrosius=, 643, 654
=Ammianus Marcellinus=, 597, 627, 643, 649, 655, 656
=Ampelius=, 649
_Anabasis_ (Arrian), 631
_Anabasis_ (Xenophon), 631
=Analogy and Anomaly= (linguistic), 352
=Anatole France=, 44 _n._, 188, 197 _n._
=Anderson=, J. G. C., 202 _n._, 559 _n._, 569 _n._, 571 _n._
=Andrelinus=, 335
=Andresen=, 569 _n._
=Andronicus=, Livius, 27, 29, 70, 256, 342
_Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, 581
=Annaeus Mela=, 44, 198, 296, 298
=Annaeus Novatus=, “Gallio,” 44, 197, 211, 212, 296
=Annaeus Seneca=, L.: _see_ “Seneca the elder”
=Annaeus Seneca=, L.: _see_ “Seneca the younger”
=Annaeus Serenus=, 213, 214
_Annales_ (Hortensius, lost), 89
_Annals_ of Tacitus, or _Ab Excessu Diui Augusti_, 97, 156, 562, 563,
576, 577, 581-596, 597
=Annianus= (poet), 628
=Ante-Augustan poetry=, 30:
_see also_ “Archaizing”
_Anthologia Latina_, 246
=Anthropology= (barely touched in Pliny), 354, 363, 365, 368, 573-574
=Anti-Caesarian spirit=, 1, 7, 84;
(in drama), 277;
(alleged in Persius), 293-294; 297;
(in Lucan), 311, 316-318;
_see also_ “Stoic Opposition”
=Antigonus of Carystus=, 364
=Antimachus=, 480
_Antiquae Lectiones_ or _Stromateus_ (lost dictionary), 558
=Antistius Sosianus= (satirist), 346
=Antistius Vetus=, L., 234
=Antoninus Pius= (emperor), 39, 602, 632, 651, 654
=Antonius Castor= (botanist), 131, 363
=Antonius Julianus= (historian), 585
=Antonius Liberalis= (rhetor), 236
=Aper=, Marcus (in Tacitus’s _Dialogus_), 257, 389, 561, 564
=Apicius=, 131
_Apicius De Re Coquinaria_, 132
_Apocolocyntosis_, 173, 227, 237-246, 292 _n._
=Apollinaris= (critic), 431
=Apollinaris Sidonius=; _see_ “Sidonius”
=Apollodoreans=, 61, 397, 398
=Apollodorus= (on siege-craft), 630
=Apollodorus of Pergamum=, 61, 397
=Apollonius of Rhodes=, 435, 436, 445, 446, 448
_Apologeticum_ (Tertullian), 231, 654
_Apophoreta_ (Martial), 501, 503, 512
=Apotheosis=, 3, 242, 313:
_see also_ “Deification” and satiric treatment in _Apocolocyntosis_
_Appendix Vergiliana_, 338
=Appian=, 321 _n._, 654
_Apuleius_, 38, 189, 415, 430, 523, 596, 646, 652, 654, 655
=Aqueducts=, 18, 368, 423, 427-430, 486;
(_Marcia_), 508;
(_Virgo_), 521 _n._; 583
_Aquis, De_, 423, 424, 427-431
_Aratea_ (Cicero), 156
_Aratea_ (Germanicus), 156, 344
=Aratus=, 155
_Arboribus, De_ (Columella), 161
=Archaisms=, 191, 231, 236, 283, 410, 466 _n._, 558, 593 _n._,
595-596, 630, 642, 651, 652
=Archaizing=, 2, 30, 61, 228, 412, 596, 597, 650-652
=Archilochus= (iambic satirist), 512
=Archimedes=, 363, 461
=Architecture=, 36, 364, 629
_Ardaliones_, 16, 140, 216
=Arellius Fuscus= (rhetor), 44, 45 _n._, 48, 51, 52, 57, 60
=Argentarius= (rhetor), 61
_Argonautica_ (Apollonius), 435
_Argonautica_ (Valerius Flaccus), 433-451, 475
_Argumentatio_, 61
=Aristarchus= (literary critic), 401
=Aristarchus= (scientific source for Pliny), 362
=Aristides= (rhetorician), 655
=Aristobulus=, 105
=Aristocrates=, Petronius, 281
=Aristophanes=, comic dramatist, 244, 284
=Aristophanes of Byzantium=, 401
=Aristotelianism=, 13, 407
=Aristotle=, 222, 356 _n._, 357, 359, 360, 361, 363, 366, 367, 385,
404
=Arithmetic=, 24, 26, 36
=Arnault=, 598
=Arnobius=, 654
=Arnolletus=, 335
=Arrian=, 102, 105, 231, 630, 631, 654
=Arrius Antoninus= (writer of Greek mimes), 555
=Arruntius= (orator), 62
_Ars_ (Palaemon’s rhetoric), 131
_Ars Poetica_ (_Ad Pisones_, Horace), 542
=Art= (painting, sculpture, etc.), 4, 95-96, 176, 179, 181, 348 _n._,
354, 355, 359, 364, 368, 403, 471, 487, 493, 508, 569
=Artificiality=; _see_ “Rhetorical Style”
=Arulenus Rusticus= (Stoic), 386
=Asbach=, 560 _n._
=Ascham=, 413
=Asclepiades=, 116, 120
=Asconius Pedianus=, 235, 634
=Ashby=, Dr. Thomas, 422 _n._
=Asian style=, 403
=Asinius Gallus=, 62, 636
=Asinius Pollio=, 28, 44, 48, 50, 58, 62, 70, 319, 635
=Asper=, Aemilius (grammarian), 432
=Asprenas=, (rhetor), 62
_Astronomica_ (Manilius), 154, 323
=Astronomy=, 28, 36, 125, 155-156, 163, 177, 221, 312, 324, 363, 384,
394, 397
_Astyanax_ (Accius, lost), 252
=Ateius Philologus=, 28
=Atellan farce=, 157-158, 178, 276, 277
=Athenaeum= (Hadrian’s), 39, 629
=Athenian drama=; _see_ “Greek drama”
_Atreus_ (Accius, lost), 257
_Atreus_ (Mamercus Scaurus, lost), 62, 158
_Atreus_ (Rubrenus Lappa, lost), 278
=Atrius=, 557
=Attalus= (philosopher), 199
_Attia Viriola, Pro_ (lost speech by Pliny), 537, 550
=Attic style=, 403-404
=Atticus=, Julius, 131, 164
=Atticus=, Pomponius (Cicero’s friend), 30, 89, 226, 542
_Aufidi Bassi, A Fine_ (lost history), 352
=Aufidius Bassus=, 82, 352, 585, 587
=Aufidius Chius= (jurist), 431
=Augurinus= (author of _poematia_), 548, 556
=Augustan Age=, 1, 10, 21, 84, 89, 100, 252, 418, 590, 636, 655
_Augustan History_: _see_ “_Historia Augusta_”
=Augustans=, 60, 287, 332, 410:
_see also_ “Horace,” “Livy,” “Virgil,” etc.
=Augustine=, St., 38, 115, 597, 647 _n._, 657
=Augustus=, Octavian Caesar, 2, 3, 39, 44, 45, 63, 65, 73, 83, 84,
88, 89, 90, 96, 98, 134, 150, 154, 155, 156, 170, 176, 183, 240,
244, 296, 363, 369, 370, 380, 397, 407, 563, 577, 581, 590, 592,
593, 634, 637, 639, 647
=Aurelius=, Marcus, 37, 38, 40, 150, 231, 630, 631, 651
=Aurelius Victor=, 643
=Ausonius=, 38, 40, 523, 627, 656
=Autobiographies=, 570, 585:
_see_ “_Memoirs_”
=Avianus= (fabulist), 134, 149, 150
=Avienus= (descriptive poet), 156
B
=Babrius=, 150
=Bacha=, 591 _n._
=Bacon=, 166, 203, 204, 230, 364, 658
=Baebius Massa= (_delator_), 421
=Bährens, E.=, 193, 246 _n._, 301 _n._, 342 _n._
=Bährens, W. A.=, 533 _n._
=Bagge=, 631 _n._
=Baier=, 297 _n._, 319
=Bailey’s= _Festus_ quoted, 120
=Balbus= (geometrician), 558
=Barberet=, 161 _n._
=Barclay=, Alex., 335
=Barea Soranus=, 235
=Basil the Great=, 420
=Bassus= (dramatist), 257, 278 _n._
=Bassus=, Aufidius: _see_ “Aufidius”
=Bassus=, Caesius (metrist and lyric poet), 235, 280, 282, 287, 346
=Bassus=, Julius (rhetor), 48, 198
=Bassus=, Saleius (epic poet), 336, 346, 529
=Baynes=, 655 _n._
=Bebel=, 413
=Beck=, 169 _n._, 170, 352 _n._
=Bede=, 384, 657
=Beesly=, 590 _n._
_Bellum Ciuile_ (poem in _Satyricon_), 182, 192
=Bembo=, 658
=Bender=, 532 _n._
_Beneficiis, De_, 206, 218-221, 234
=Berge=, De la, 532 _n._, 538 _n._
=Bernhardy=, 331
=Bibaculus=, 153, 512
=Bickel=, 243 _n._, 245 _n._
=Binet=, 193
=Biography=, 158, 200, 206, 279, 364, 421, 557, 567-573, 597;
(medieval _Vitae_), 599-604; 629;
(in Suetonius), 631-643;
_see_ “_Memoirs_”
=Bion=, 289
=Bionaean satire=, 227, 289
=Birt=, 242 _n._, 249 _n._, 357, 358 _n._
=Blair= (rhetorician), 413
=Boccaccio=, 597, 658
=Bocchus=, 83
=Boethius=, 657
=Bötticher=, 560 _n._, 593
=Boileau=, 294, 548, 627
=Boissier=, 40 _n._, 42 _n._, 498 _n._, 560 _n._, 571 _n._, 586
=Bonnefons= (author of _Basia_), 529
=Book production and sales=, 282, 391, 392, 499, 519, 536 _n._, 537,
555, 644
=Borenius=, 586 _n._
=Bornecque=, 31 _n._, 42 _n._
=Borrow=, 190
=Boswellian qualities=, 55
=Botany=, 131;
(in _Columella_), 165-168;
(in Pliny), 354, 363, 366;
_see also_ “Agriculture”
=Botticelli=, 325
=Bourgery=, 196 _n._, 207, 218 _n._, 221 _n._, 223 _n._, 230 _n._
=Brakman=, 338 _n._
=Brassicanus=, 334
_Breuitate Vitae, De (Ad Paulinum)_, 207, 208, 215-217
=Bridges=, Robert, 483
=Brieger=, 359
=Britain=, schools in, 37, 603
=Britannicus=, 202, 204, 274, 583
_Britannicus_ (Racine), 598
=Browning=, 292, 621
=Brugmann=, 595 _n._
=Brunn=, 356, 358
=Bruttedius= (rhetor), 62
_Brutus_ (Accius, lost), 273
=Buchanan=, George, 271, 658
=Budaeus=, 658
=Bücheler=, 135 _n._, 169 _n._, 245 _n._, 338
=Buffon=, 366
=Bunbury=, 126 _n._
=Burman=, 86 _n._, 133 _n._, 169 _n._, 433 _n._
=Burns=, Robert, 144, 543
=Burrus=, 202
=Bursian’s= _Jahresber._, 387 _n._, 533 _n._
=Butler=, Prof. H. E., 270 _n._, 446 _n._, 496 _n._, 498 _n._
=Byron=, 296, 516, 518, 544, 627
=Byzantines=, 643, 649
C
=Caecilius= (dramatist), 30, 651
=Caecilius Calactinus=, 407
=Caecilius Epirota=, 30
=Caelius Antipater=, 70, 362, 642
=Caelius Rufus=, 430
=Caepio= (botanist), 131
=Caesar=: _see_ “Julius”
=Caesar=, continuators of, 93
=Caesars=, flattery of, 69, 72-73, 78, 81, 85-90, 96-100, 201,
210-211, 218, 243, 244, 302, 331, 333, 335, 343, 389, 469, 470,
472, 485, 486-487, 521-522, 529, 538-540, 623
=Caesars=, opposition to, 14, 63, 89, 235, 293, 299, 311, 316-318:
_see_ “Anti-Caesarian,” “Stoic opposition”
_Caesars, Lives of the_ (Suetonius), 2, 632, 634-636, 637-643
=Caesar-worship=, 3, 14, 73, 98, 99, 102;
(Augustal priesthood), 175, 179;
(jested at), 240; 302, 334, 521-522, 539, 551, 603;
_see_ “Deification”
=Caesellius Vindex= (scholar), 558
=Caesius Bassus=; _see_ “Bassus”
=Calderon=, 272
=Caligula=, Gaius Caesar, 5, 6, 13, 46, 61, 63, 82, 83, 102, 114,
126, 132, 134, 135, 157, 158, 200, 211, 243, 263, 353, 385, 489,
571, 577, 581, 582, 590, 591, 636, 639;
(_Life_), 640
=Callimachus=, 555
=Calpurnius Flaccus=, 32, 56
=Calpurnius Piso= (elegiac writer in younger Pliny’s time), 556
=Calpurnius Piso=, C. (Neronian conspirator), 203, 299, 332, 335-336,
338
=Calpurnius Piso=, L. (Tiberian orator), 63
=Calpurnius Siculus=, 17, 194, 293, 330-338, 339, 656
=Calvus= (orator and poet), 552, 556
=Cammelli=, 270
=Campbell= (rhetorician), 413
=Caninius Rufus= (epic writer), 556
=Canius Rufus= (tragic writer), 530
=Capito=, Ateius (rhetor), 48, 62, 131, 430
=Capitoline poetic contests=, 6, 470, 529, 644
_Captive Women_ (lost play by Sophocles), 252
=Carlyle=, 205, 621
=Carthaginian writers=, 160, 364, 654; _see also_ “Apuleius,”
“Augustine,” “Hanno,” “Mago”
=Carus= (emperor), 331
=Casaubon=, 293, 294
=Cassiodor(i)us=, 412, 542, 554, 597, 657 _n._
=Cassius= (physician), 117
=Cassius Longinus= (jurist), 235
=Cassius Severus= (orator), 48, 49, 63
_Catachannae_ (Hadrian’s, lost), 629
_Catachthonion_ (Lucan’s, lost), 300, 301
_Catilina_ (Sallust), 570
_Catiline_ (Ben Jonson), 273
=Cato the elder=, “Censor,” 24, 35, 36, 45, 71, 89, 115, 151, 163,
164, 165, 334, 356, 357, 359, 360, 363, 378, 396, 642, 650
=Cato Uticensis=, 79, 90, 92, 96, 214, 235, 246;
(as Lucan’s hero), 305, 314-315, 318, 328, 329
_Cato, Life of_ (by Thrasea), 235, 280
_Cato_ (_praetexta_ by Curiatius Maternus, lost), 273, 278, 529
=Catullian influence=; (on Statius), 493;
(on Martial), 512, 513, 515, 523;
(at Renaissance), 529;
(in Pliny’s time), 556
=Catullus=, 1, 144, 153, 348, 402, 408, 497, 510, 511, 512, 513, 523,
524, 556
=Catullus= (mime-writer), 157
=Catulus= (Republican autobiography), 570
_Catus De Liberis Educandis_ (Varro), 566
_Causae_ (Ciceronian), 32 _n._, 47
=Cavalier poets=, 518
=Celsus=, Cornelius, 16, 18, 36, 114-124, 130, 131, 132, 161, 164,
235, 357, 363, 407, 420, 554
_Cena Trimalchionis_, 174-185
=Censorinus=, 633, 643
=Cestius Pius= (rhetor), 45 _n._, 49, 50, 58, 61
=Character-drawing=, 94-97, 107-110, 179, 187, 259, 302, 444-446;
(weak in Silius), 463;
(in Tacitus), 564, 572, 577-578, 580, 590-592, 594;
(in Juvenal), 610-612, 614
=Charisius=, 352, 558, 653
=Charlemagne=, 385, 643
=Chasles=, 638 _n._
=Chaucer=, 104, 175, 484, 622, 627
=Chauvin=, 185 _n._
=Chénier=, 598
=Chorier=, 289
_Chorographia_ or _De Situ Orbis_, 126-131
_Chriae_, 29
=Christian affinities=; (in Seneca), 231;
(in Persius), 294;
(in Statius), 479, 484
=Christian apologetics=, 2, 653-654
=Christian literary studies=, 38, 528, 627, 643, 654: _see_ “Fathers
of the Church”
=Christianity and Christians=, 3, 545, 546, 550, 551, 554, 597,
653-654
=Chrysippus=, 282, 407, 566
=Cicero=, 1, 18, 19, 28, 30, 32, 35, 36, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 56,
58, 61, 62, 70, 81, 84, 91, 105, 123, 155, 156, 165, 190, 223,
226, 227, 228, 229, 233, 235, 252, 269, 310, 320, 352, 378, 383,
395, 396, 398, 401, 402, 407, 409, 410, 421, 431, 453, 458, 465,
533, 536, 542, 544, 550, 552, 553, 554, 566, 570, 615, 617, 633,
637, 642, 648
_Ciceromastix_, 432
=Ciceronian age=, 84, 92 _n._
=Ciceronian influence=, 47, 58, 400, 410, 566, 570
=Ciceronian style=, contrasts with, 78, 90, 383, 401, 431, 593, 657
=Ciceronianism=, 18, 19, 20, 228, 390, 401, 411;
(in younger Pliny), 551-554; 561, 566, 598, 633, 651, 654, 655
=Cicero’s= _Letters_, 542, 544
_Cicero’s Republic, On_ (Suetonius, lost), 633
=Cichorius=, 158 _n._, 161 _n._, 249 _n._
_Ciuitate Dei, De_, 657
=Claranus=, 432
=Clark=, Prof. A. C., 235 _n._, 484 _n._
=Clason=, 586 _n._
=Classic=, 22, 606-607
_Clastidium_ (Naevius, lost), 273
=Claudian=, 627, 656, 657
=Claudius= (emperor), 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 29, 39, 61-62, 63, 64, 82, 83,
102, 114, 126, 131, 183, 201, 204, 211, 215, 218;
(satirized), 237-246; 247, 274, 277, 280, 331, 342, 349, 353, 489,
539, 577, 581, 582, 583, 585, 590, 634, 635, 639;
(_Life_), 640
=Claudius Balbillus=, 234
=Claussen=, 401 _n._
_Clausulae_ (sentence-endings), 113, 124, 130-131, 165, 207, 218
_n._, 400, 411 _n._, 414, 551, 629 _n._, 642, 649
_Clementia, De_, 202, 206, 208, 217-218
=Clemm=, 593 _n._
=Cleopatra=, 315, 379, 384
=Cleophantus=, 116
=Clitarchus=, 105
=Clodius Quirinalis= (rhetorician), 236
_Clutemestra_ (Accius, lost), 256
=Cluvius Rufus=, 385, 453, 584, 585, 586 _n._, 587
=Coarseness=, 123-124, 149, 172, 184, 186-188, 189, 247, 292 _n._,
504, 505, 514, 518, 521-524, 536, 609-612, 623, 637-638
=Codrus= or =Cordus= (epic writer), 530
=Cole=, 401 _n._
=Coleridge=, 156
_Collecta_ (Pomponius Rufus, lost), 70
_Collectanea Rerum Memorabilium_ (Solinus), 384
=Colloquialisms=: _see_ “Latin, spoken”
_Colores_ (manual), 62
_Colores_ (rhetorical), 34, 51-53, 57, 62, 540
=Colson=, F. H., 9, 388 _n._, 392 _n._, 409 _n._, 412 _n._, 413 _n._
=Columella=, 16, 18, 114, 131, 160-168, 231, 334, 357, 361, 364, 554,
595, 643
=Comedy=, Latin, 157, 184, 190, 276-277, 292 _n._, 402, 506, 547,
556, 557
_Commentarii Agrippinae_: _see_ “Agrippina’s _Memoirs_”
_Commentarii Principales_, 585
=Commodianus=, 654
=Commodus= (emperor), 652
_Communes loci_ (“common places”), 31, 59, 209, 280, 288, 327
_Confessiones_, 38
_Coniecturales causae_, 31
=Conrad=, 190
_Consolatio ad Heluiam_, 197, 201, 207, 208, 210, 298
_Consolatio ad Marciam_, 200, 207, 208, 209-210
_Consolatio ad Polybium_, 201, 207, 208, 210-211, 243, 342
“=Consolations=” (in prose or verse), 156, 209-211, 487, 489, 491, 492
=Consoli=, 532 _n._
_Constantia Sapientis, De_, 207, 208, 213, 234
=Constantine=, 655
=Constantius Chlorus=, 40
_Controuersia_ (as exercise), 9, 11, 32-35, 326, 419
_Controuersiae_ (elder Seneca), 44, 45-57, 60, 63, 653
_Controuersiae et Suasoriae_ (elder Seneca), 23, 32, 33, 43
=Copernicus=, 365, 366
=Corbulo=: _see_ “Domitius”
=Corduba=, 43, 197, 298, 318
=Corneille=, 271, 598
=Cornelius Balbus= (dramatist), 273
=Cornelius Nepos= (biographer), 89, 128, 356, 362, 364, 634, 635
=Cornelius Severus= (poet), 58, 339
=Cornificius=, 407
=Cornutus=, 235, 281, 282, 286, 288, 292, 298
_Corruptae Eloquentiae, De Causis_ (Quintilian, lost), 391, 566
=Cosmology and Cosmography= (in younger Seneca), 221-222;
(in elder Pliny), 354
=Cosmopolitanism=, 4, 13, 60, 202, 232
=Courbaud=, 576 _n._
_Courtesans, Eminent_ (Suetonius, lost), 633
=Courthope=, 527 _n._
=Cowley=, 658
=Cowper=, 545
=Crates=, 27
=Cratinus=, 284
=Cremutius Cordus=, 63, 82, 209, 319, 635
=Criticism on speakers=, 5, 47-52, 55, 199-200, 388, 395, 403-405,
408, 536-538, 561-562, 564-566; _see also_ “Literary Criticism,”
“Oratory,” “Rhetoric”
=Crito= (Hadrianic Greek historian, lost), 630
=Cruickshank=, Prof., 316 _n._
=Crusius=, 137 _n._
=Cucheval=, 42 _n._, 537 _n._, 641
_Culex_, 485
=Cunaeus=, 245
_Cupid and Psyche_, 189, 408
=Curiatius Maternus=, 254, 257, 273, 274, 277-278, 529, 564-565
=Curtius Montanus= (satirist, lost), 346
=Curtius Rufus=, Q., 18, 82, 101-113, 130, 323, 431
=Cuvier=, 366
_Cynegetica_, 330, 656
=Cynicism=, 12, 14, 173, 245, 288, 289, 418
=Cynico-Stoical thought=, 288, 289
=Cyprian=, 654
D
=Dante=, 484, 658
=Darwin=, 365
_De_: for titles _see_ under leading word
=Decadence in oratory=, 11, 46-47, 49, 51, 59, 229, 391, 394, 552,
563, 564-567
=Decadence in style=, 227, 652
=Decadent literature=, 22, 283, 557, 650
_Decius_ (Accius, lost), 273
=Declamation=, 9-12, 30-36, 38, 39, 42 _n._, 43, 44, 47-48, 49, 50,
56, 60, 61, 75-79, 81, 118, 198, 209, 298, 324, 352, 390, 391,
394-395, 398, 414-420, 601, 603, 615, 617, 625, 636, 640
_Declamationes_ (pseudo-Quintilianean), 391, 411, 412, 414-420
_Defloratio_ (excerpted from elder Pliny), 385
=Deification=, 13, 17, 98, 239;
(of Hercules), 258;
(of Nero), 302; 575, 603:
_see also_ “Apotheosis” and for satiric treatment
“_Apocolocyntosis_”
_Delatores_, 10, 63-64, 142, 236
_Deliciae Poetarum_, 658
=Demetrius= (Cynic), 288
=Demetrius of Phaleron=, 137, 150
=Democritus=, 617
=Demosthenes=, 174, 404, 537, 552, 617
=Dessau=, Prof., 4 _n._, 161 _n._, 213 _n._, 216 _n._, 536 _n._, 603
_n._, 655 _n._
=Detlefsen=, 349 _n._, 354 _n._, 358
=Deutsch=, Prof. Monroe, 635 _n._
=Dialectic= (Logic), 36, 397, 611
_Dialogi_ (Seneca), 206-217
_Dialogus de Oratoribus_, 23, 257, 278, 297, 389, 391, 409 _n._, 529,
560, 561, 563, 564-567, 596
=Dickens=, 188
=Dicuil=, 385
=Didactic=, 45-47, 66-68, 87-88, 115, 125, 137, 143, 155, 163, 192,
246;
(in Seneca’s dramas), 266;
(in Persius), 283 _sqq._;
(in Lucan), 324;
(in Silius), 461;
(prominent in Juvenal’s later manner), 618, 620-621; 656
=Diderot=, 211, 243 _n._
=Didymus= (grammarian), 633
=Dill=, 4 _n._, 37 _n._, 38 _n._
=Diminutives=, 152, 191, 231, 292 _n._, 627, 630, 652
=Diocletian=, 631, 643, 652, 655, 656
=Diodorus Siculus=, 105, 655
=Diomedes= (grammarian), 170, 512, 653
=Dio(n) Cassius=, 202, 204, 242, 321 _n._, 331, 598, 655
=Dion Chrysostom=, 6, 655
=Dionysius of Halicarnassus=, 401, 407
=Dioscorides=, 363
Διοσημεῖα (Aratus), 155
_Diuinae Institutiones_ (Lactantius), 654
=Divination=, 222, 303-304, 309-310, 314: _see_ “Superstition”
=Domitian=, 3, 6, 7, 13, 14, 39, 155, 236, 274, 278, 386, 389, 421,
422, 423, 426, 427, 431, 433, 454, 468, 469, 470, 472, 485, 487,
490, 493, 507, 521, 522, 529, 530, 532, 534, 539, 540, 561, 562,
563, 565, 566, 567, 570, 571, 574, 576, 577, 591, 601, 602, 605,
609, 614, 632;
(_Life_), 641; 644
=Domitius Afer=, 63, 236, 388
=Domitius Corbulo=, 234, 348, 426, 584
=Domitius Marsus=, 512
_Domitius_ (_praetexta_ by Curiatius Maternus, lost), 273, 278, 529
=Donatus= (grammarian), 637, 653
=Dräger=, 19 _n._, 593 _n._, 594 _n._
=Dralle=, 606 _n._
=Drama=, 6, 17, 137, 151, 157-159, 234, 245;
(Seneca), 247-270;
(Seneca’s influence on later drama), 270-273; 273-278, 289, 296,
400, 506, 529;
(element of, in Juvenal), 613-614, 617; 629
=Dramatic metre=, 153-154, 269-270, 274
=Dressler=, 136
=Drobisch=, 496 _n._
=Dryden=, 79, 599 _n._, 626, 627
_Dubius Sermo_ (lost), 159 _n._, 352
=Dubois-Guchan=, 560 _n._
_Duchess of Malfi_, 272
=Dürr=, 600 _n._, 602
=Duff=, J. D., 196 _n._, 207 _n._, 599 _n._
=Duff=, Prof. J. Wight, 24 _n._, 80 _n._, 89 _n._, 93 _n._, 115 _n._,
133 _n._, 149 _n._, 154 _n._, 164 _n._, 173 _n._, 195 _n._, 301
_n._, 338 _n._, 341 _n._, 342 _n._, 358 _n._, 370 _n._, 492 _n._,
534 _n._, 596 _n._, 629 _n._
=Dumas=, 187, 188
=Duncan=, J. S., 493 _n._
=Duris of Samos=, 364
=Duruy=, 590 _n._
=Dziatzko=, 369 _n._
E
_Ecerinis_ (Mussato), 270
=Eclogues=, 17, 293, 330-338: _see_ “_Aeglogues_,” “_Egloges_”
_Eclogues_ (Virgil), 166, 334
=Education=, 8-12, 23-41, 43, 45-60, 91, 115, 118, 134, 173, 189,
191, 201, 236, 287, 295, 296, 298, 324, 342, 345, 348, 352, 364;
(of an orator), 387-421; 468, 499, 501, 532, 536, 561, 564, 589,
606, 611, 616, 636
=Education=, bibliography, 23-24 _n._
_Educatione Liberorum, De_ (Περὶ Παίδων Ἀγωγῆς, perhaps Plutarch’s),
26 _n._, 27, 35, 409 _n._, 412-413, 566
_Egloges_ (Barclay), 335
=Einhard= or =Einhart=, 555 _n._, 643, 657
=Einsiedeln eclogues=, 293, 337-338
=Elegiac epigram=, 155, 246, 511-513
=Elegiac poetry=, 402, 494, 529, 536, 555, 556
=Elegy=, 137, 156, 485, 525
=Ellis=, Prof. Robinson, 83 _n._, 98, 133 _n._, 134, 135 _n._, 149
_n._, 150 _n._, 270 _n._, 415 _n._
_Elocutio nouella_, 651-652
=Elogius= (author of _Memoirs_), 636
=Elyot’s= _Governour_, 413
_Emendatio_, 29
_Enarratio_, 29
=Emperors=, attitude to education and rhetoric, 38-41, 61-62, 389,
615, 629
=Emperors=, in relation to literature, 5-6, 45, 61-62, 63, 82, 299,
345-346, 348, 605, 629-630: _see also_ “Imperial repression” and
under individual emperors’ names
=Encyclopaedic learning=, 16, 18, 36, 115, 122, 189, 324;
(in Pliny), 350-385;
(in Suetonius), 633-634, 643; 649, 651
=Enk=, P. J., 274 _n._
=Ennian words=, 448, 481
=Ennius=, 28, 30, 134, 137, 153, 185, 228, 254, 257, 269, 273, 323,
368, 402, 460, 465, 466 _n._, 558, 596, 642, 650, 651
=Epic=, 7, 12, 17, 137, 157, 182, 184, 192-193, 245;
(Lucan), 296-329; 342, 345;
(Val. Flacc.), 433-451;
(Silius), 452-466;
(Statius), 467-497; 506, 529, 530, 536, 555-556, 656
_Epicedion_ (lament), 468, 492
=Epictetus=, 105, 231, 453
=Epicureanism=, 13, 36, 192, 213, 215, 222, 223, 239, 267, 295, 304,
370, 461, 587
=Epicurus=, 223
=Epigram= (feature of style), 10, 11, 18, 20, 57, 59, 76, 79, 92,
194, 230, 261, 264-265, 324, 381-382, 390, 395, 495, 511, 567,
576, 594, 596, 650
=Epigram= (Greek form), 511
=Epigram= (poem), 7, 8, 17, 155, 193-194, 246, 298;
(Martial), 501-529; 536, 555, 556, 636
_Epigrammata_, (Lucan, lost), 301
_Epistles_ (Horace), 621
_Epistulae_ (Lucan, lost), 301
_Epistulae_ (Pliny), 233, 533, 541-555
_Epistulae_ (Symmachus), 554
_Epistulae Ad Familiares_ (Cicero), 542
_Epistulae Morales, Ad Lucilium_ (Seneca), 203, 206, 208, 212, 217,
223-234, 243
=Epitaph=, 179, 524-525
=Epithalamium=, 485
=Epitomes=, 45, 46, 71, 321 _n._, 384-385, 454, 470, 629, 646, 649,
653
=Eprius Marcellus= (_delator_), 236
=Erasistratus=, 116
=Erasmus=, 413, 555, 658
=Eratosthenes=, 369, 435
=Erotic verse=, 29, 246-247, 345, 523, 529, 530
=Essay-like writing=, 229-230, 542-545, 651-652
=Esternaux=, 424 _n._
=Ethics=, 5, 13, 36, 60, 67, 206, 222;
(_Epist. Mor._), 223-234; 305, 396, 397, 403, 406, 524;
(in Juvenal), 608-623:
_see also_ “Stoicism”
=Ethnology=, 125, 129, 354, 573-574; _see_ “Anthropology”
_Ethologiae_, 29
=Euclid=, 558
=Eugenius Vulgarius=, 170
=Eulogy= (formal): _see_ “Panegyric”
=Eumenius of Autun=, 40
=Euphorion=, 61
=Eupolis=, 284
=Euripides=, 78, 107, 134, 244;
(in relation to Seneca), 250-255; 257, 258, 259, 270, 480
=Eusebius=, 633
=Eutropius=, 643