When the prophet Jonah, doing the behest of his master Elisha, anointed
Jehu king over Israel, (1) he poured the oil out of a pitcher, not out
of a horn, to indicate that the dynasty of Jehu would not occupy the
throne long. (2) At first Jehu, though a somewhat foolish (3) king, was
at least pious, but he abandoned his God-fearing ways from the moment
he saw the document bearing the signature of the prophet Ahijah of
Shilo, which bound the signers to pay implicit obedience to Jeroboam.
The king took this as evidence that the prophet had approved the
worship of the golden calves. So it came to pass that Jehu, the
destroyer of Baal worship, did nothing to oppose the idolatrous service
established by Jeroboam at Beth-el. (4) The successors of Jehu were not
better; on the contrary, they were worse, and therefore in the fifth
generation (5) an end was put to the dynasty of Jehu by the hand of the
assassin.
The kings of Judah differed in no essential particular from their
colleagues in the north. Ahaziah, whom Jehu killed, was a shameless
sinner; he had the Name of God expurged from every passage in which it
occurred in the Holy Scriptures, and the names of idols inserted in its
place. (6)
Upon the death of Ahaziah followed the reign of terror under the queen
Athaliah, when God exacted payment from the house of David for his
trespass in connection with the extermination of the priest at Nob. As
Abiathar had been the only male descendant of Abimelech to survive the
persecution of Saul, so the sole representative of the house of David
to remain after the sword of Athaliah had raged (7) was Joash, the
child kept in hiding, in the Holy of Holies in the Temple, by the high
priest Jehoiada and his wife Jehosheba. (8) Later Jehoiada vindicated
the right of Joash upon the throne, and installed him as king of Judah.
The very crown worn by the rulers of the house of David testified to
the legitimacy of the young prince, for it possessed the peculiarity of
fitting none but the rightful successors to David. (9)
At the instigation of Jehoiada, King Joash undertook the restoration of
the Temple. The work was completed so expeditiously that one living at
the time the Temple was erected by Solomon was permitted to see the new
structure shortly before his death. (10) This good fortune befell
Jehoiada (11) himself, the son of Benaiah, commander-in-chief of the
army under Solomon. So long as Joash continued under the tutelage of
Jehoiada, he was a pious king. When Jehoiada departed this life, the
courtiers came to Joash and flattered him: "If thou wert not a god,
thou hadst not been able to abide for six years in the Holy of Holies,
a spot which even the high priest is permitted to enter but once a
year." The king lent ear to their blandishments, and permitted the
people to pay him Divine homage. (12) But when the folly of the king
went to the extreme of prompting him to set up an idol in the Temple,
Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, placed himself at the entrance, and
barring the way said: "Thou shalt not do it so long as I live." (13)
High priest, prophet, and judge though Zechariah was, and son-in-law of
Joash to boot, the king still did not shrink from having him killed for
his presumptuous words, not was he deterred by the fact that it
happened on a Day of Atonement which fell on the Sabbath. (14) The
innocent blood crimsoning the hall of the priests did not remain
unavenged. For two hundred and fifty-two years it did not leave off
seething and pulsating, until, finally, Nebuzaradan, captain of
Nebuchadnezzar's guard, ordered a great carnage among the Judeans, to
avenge the death of Zechariah. (15)
Joash himself, the murderer of Zechariah, met with an evil end. He fell
into the hands of the Syrians, and they abused him in their barbarous,
immoral way. Before he could recover from the suffering inflicted upon
him, his servants slew him. (16)
Amaziah, the son and successor of Joash, in many respects resembled his
father. At the beginning of his reign he was God-fearing, but when,
through the aid of God, he had gained a brilliant victory over the
Edomites, he knew no better way of manifesting his gratitude than to
establish in Jerusalem the cult of the idol worshipped by his conquered
enemies. To compass his chastisement, God inspired Amaziah with the
idea of provoking a war with Joash, the ruler of the northern kingdom.
Amaziah demanded that Joash should either recognize the suzerainty of
the southern realm voluntarily, or let the fate of battle decide the
question. (17) At first Joash sought to turn Amaziah aside from his
purpose by a parable reminding him of the fate of Shechem, which the
sons of Jacob had visited upon him for having done violence to their
sister Dinah. (18) Amaziah refused to be warned. He persisted in his
challenge, and a war ensued. The fortune of battle decided against
Amaziah. He suffered defeat, and later he was tortured to death by his
own subjects. (19)