—English versions: Alexander Ross (from French, 1649-1688), Sale
(1734), Rodwell (1861), Palmer (1880).
—First Arabic, _printed text_, at Rome, 1530 (Brixiensis).
Arabic text, Hinkelmann (Hamburg, 1649).
and Latin text,—Maracci (Padua, 1698).
text—Empress Catherine II. (St. Petersburg, 1787).
( ” 1790, 1793, 1796, 1798).
(Kasan, 1803, 1809, 1839).
(critical edition) G. Flügel, (Leipzig, 1834, 1842, 1869).
—French, Savary (1783) and Kasimirski (Paris, 1840, 1841, 1857).
—French version, Du Ryer (Paris, 1647).
—German versions: Boysen (1773), Wahl (1828), Ullmann (1840, 1853).
—German version, Schweigger (Nurnberg, 1616).
—Latin version, Robert and Hermann (Basle, 1543).
—Russian version (St. Petersburg, 1776).
Translations exist also in the other European languages; and in
Persian, Urdu, Pushto, Turkish, Javan, and Malayan made by Moslems.
KORAN COMMENTARIES:—(“There are no less than 20,000 in the library at
Tripolis alone”—Arnold’s Islam and Christianity, p. 81).
The most important are,—(Sunni)—
Al Baghawi, A. H. 515.
Al Baidhawi, A. H. 685.
Al Jalalain, A. H. 864 and 911.
Al Mazhari, A. H. 1225.
Al Mudarik, A. H. 701.
Ar-Razi (30 vols.), A. H. 606.
As-Safi, A. H. 668.
As-sirru’l wajiz, A. H. 715.
At-Tafsir ’l Kebir, A. H. 606.
Azizi, A. H. 1239, (and Shiah).
Az-Zamakhshari, A. H. 604.
Hussain, A. H. 900.
Ibn u’l Arabi, A. H. 628.
Mir Bakir, A. H. 1041.
Saiyid Hasham, A. H. 1160.
Sheikh Saduk, A. H. 381.
Krehl, C. L. E.—Das leben des Moham. (Leipzig, 1884).
Kremer, Von Alfred—Geschichte der Herrschende Ideen des Islams: Der
Gottsbegriff, die Prophetie und Staatsidee (Leipzig, 1868).
La Chatelier, A.—L’Islam an XIX^_e_siècle (Paris, 1888).
Lake, J. J.—Islam, its origin, genius and mission (London, 1878).
Lamairesse, E., (et G. Dujarric.)—Vie de Mahomet d’apres la tradition,
vol. i. (Paris, 1898).
Lane-Poole, Stanley—Studies in a Mosque (London, 1883).
—Table-talk of Mohammed (London, 1882).
Lane—Selections from the Koran (London, 1879).
MacBride, J. D.—The Mohammedan Religion Explained (London, 1859).
Maitland, E.—England and Islam (London, 1877).
Marracio, L.—Refutatio Al Coran (Batavii, 1698).
Martyn, Henry—Controversial Tracts on Christianity and Islam, by the
Rev. S. Lee (edited Cambridge, 1824).
Matthews—The Mishkat (traditions) translation (Calcutta, 1809).
Merrick, J. L.—The life and religion of Mohammed from Sheeah
traditions (translated from Persian) (Boston, 1850).
Mills, C.—The History of Muhammedanism (London, 1817).
Mills, W. H.—The Muhammedan System (—1828).
Mochler, J. A.—The relation of Islam to the Gospel (translation)
(Calcutta, 1847).
Mohler, J. A.—Ueber das Verhaltniss des Islams zum Evangelium (1830).
Morgan, Joseph—Mohammedanism Explained (London, 1723).
Muir, Sir William—Life of Mahomet, 4 vols. (London, 1858 and 1897).
—Rise and Decline of Islam (in Present Day Tracts, London, 1887).
—Mahomet and Islam (London, 1890).
—Sweet First Fruits. Translated from Arabic. (London, 1896).
—The apology of Al Kindy, translated from Arabic (London, 1887).
Muir, Sir William—The Coran: Its composition and teaching and the
testimony it bears to the Holy Scriptures (London, 1878).
Muir, Sir William—The Beacon of Truth (from Arabic) (London, 1897.)
—The Caliphate (London, 1897).
—The Mohammedan Controversy (Edinburgh, 1897).
Müller, F. A.—Der Islam im Morgen und Abendlanden (Berlin, 1885).
Murray, Rev. W.—Life of Mohammed, according to Abu El Fida
(Elgin, no date).
Neale, F. A.—Islamism, its Rise and Progress (London, 1854).
Niemann, G. K.—Inleiding tot de keunisvanden Islam (Rotterdam, 1861).
Nöldecke, T.—Geschichte des Qurans (Göttingen, 1860).
—Das Leben Muhammeds (Hanover, 1863).
Oelsner, C. E.—Des effets de la religion de Mohammed (Paris, 1810).
Osborn, Major—Islam under the Arabs (London, 1876).
—Islam under the Caliphs (London, 1878).
Pfander, Doctor—The Mizan El Hak (translated from Persian)
(London, 1867).
—Miftah ul Asrar (Persian) (Calcutta, 1839).
—Tarik ul Hyat, Persian (Calcutta, 1840).
Palgrave, W. G.—Essays on Eastern Question (London, 1872).
—Travels in Central and Eastern Arabia.
Palmer, E. H.—The Koran translated, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1880).
Pelly, Lewis—The Miracle Play of Hasan and Hussain (London, 1879).
Perron—L’Islamisme, Son Institutions, etc. (Paris, 1877).
—Femmes Arabes avant et depuis l’Islamisme (Paris, 1858).
Pitts, Joseph—Religion and manners of Mahometans (Oxford, 1704).
Prideaux, H.—The True Nature of the Imposture fully explained
(London, 1718).
Rabadan—Mahometanism (Spanish and Arabic) 1603.
Reland (and others)—Four Treatises (on Islam) (London, 1712).
Rodwell, J. M.—The Koran, Translated (London, 1871).
Roebuck, J. A.—Life of Mahomet (London, 1833).
Ross, Alexander—The Koran (London, 1642).
Rumsey, A.—Al Sirajiyeh. Translated (London, 1869).
Ryer, Andre du—Life of Mahomet (London, 1718).
Sale—Translation of the Koran with preliminary discourse
(London, 1734).
Scholl, Jules Charles—L’Islam et son fondateur: Étude morale
(Neuchatel, 1874).
Sell, Rev. E.—The Faith of Islam (Madras, 1880 and London, 1897).
—The Historical Development of the Quran (Madras, 1898).
Smith, Bosworth—Mohammed and Mohammedanism (London, 1876).
Smith, H. P.—The Bible and Islam (New York and London, 1897).
Sprenger, Aloys—Das Leben und die Lehre des Mohammed, 3 vols.
(Berlin, 1865).
Sprenger, A.—Life of Mohammed from original sources (Allahabad, 1851).
Steinschneider, Moritz—Polemische Literatur in Arabischer Sprache
(Leipzig, 1877).
Stevens, W. R. W.—Christianity and Islam (London, 1877).
St. Hilaire, T. Bartholomew de—Mahomet et le Coran (Paris, 1865).
Stobart, J. W. H.—Islam and its Founder (London, 1876).
Syeed, Ahmed Khan—Essays on the life of Mohammed (London, 1870).
Syeed, Ameer Ali—A critical examination of the life and teachings of
Mohammed (London, 1873).
Tassy, Garcin de—L’Islamisme d’apres le Coran (Paris, 1874).
Taylor, W. C.—The Hist. of Mohammedanism (London, 1834).
Thiersant, P. Dabry de—Le Mahometisme en Chine (Paris, 1878).
Tisdall, W. St. Clair—The Religion of the Crescent (London, 1896).
Turpin, F. H.—Hist. de la vie de Mahomet, 3 vols. (Paris, 1773).
Wallich, J.—Religio Turcia et Mahometis Vita (1659).
Weil, Gustav—Das Leben Mohammeds; nach Ibn Ishak bearbeit von Ibn
Hisham, 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1864).
Weil, Gustav—Historische-Kritische Einleitung in den Koran
(Bielefeld, 1844).
Wherry, E. M.—Commentary on the Quran, 5 vols. (London, 1882).
White, J.—Bampton Lectures (on Islam) (Oxford, 1784).
Wollaston, Arthur N.—Half Hours with Mohammed (London, 1890).
Wortabet, John—Researches into Religions of Syria (London, 1860).
Wüstenfeld, H. F.—Das Leben Muhammeds, 3 vols. (Göttingen, 1857.)
—Geschichte der Stadt Mekka, 4 vols. (Leipzig, 1857-61).
Zotenberg—Tareek-i-Tabari. Translated.
Zwemer, S. M.—The Wahabis. Victoria Institute (London, 1900).
E. Christianity and Missions[171]
Birks, Herbert—Life and Correspondence of Bishop T. V. French
(London, 1895).
Jessup, H. H.—The Setting of the Crescent and the Rising of the
Cross or Kamil Abdul Messiah (Philadelphia, 1898).
—The Mohammedan Missionary Problem (Phila., 1879).
Sinker, Robert—Memoir of Ion Keith Falconer (Cambridge, 1886).
_The Arabian Mission._ Quarterly Letters, Annual Reports, and special
papers on missionary journeys from 1890-1899 (New York).
Wright, Thomas—Early Christianity in Arabia; a historical essay
(London, 1855). This book gives a complete account of the early
spread of Christianity and cites authorities, which, being mostly
in Latin, are omitted here.
F. Language and Literature
Abcarius—English-Arabic Dictionary (Beirut, 1882).
Ahlwardt, W.—The Divans of the six ancient Arabic Poets (London, 1890).
Ahlwardt, W.—Über die Poesie und Poetiek der Araber (Gotha, 1856).
—Bemerkungen über die ächtheit der Alten Arab. Gedichten
(Griefswald, 1872).
Arnold, F. A.—Arabic Chrestomathy, 2 parts (Halis, 1853).
—Septem M’oallakat (Leipzig, 1850).
Badger, G. P.—English-Arabic Lexicon (London, 1881).
Birdwood, Allan B.—An Arabic Reading Book (London, 1891).
Butrus al Bustani—An Encyclopædia in Arabic, vols. i.-ix. (1876-84).
Cadri, Moh.—Guide to Arab. Conversation (Alexandria, 1879).
Caspari, C. P.—Arab. Grammatik (Halle, 1876).
Caussin de Perceval—Grammaire Arabe. (Paris, 1880).
Cheikho, P. L.—Chrestomathia Arabica cum lexico variisque notis
(Beirut, 1897).
Clodius, J. C.—Gram. Arabica (Leipzig, 1729).
Clouston—Arabic Poetry for English Readers (Glasgow, 1889).
De Goeje, Prof.—A complete account of the authorship, etc., of the
Arabian Nights (“De Gids,” Amsterdam, Sept., 1886).
Derenbourg, H. and Spiro J.—Chrestomathy (Paris, 1885).
Dieterici, Fr.—Thier und Mensch vor dem König der Genien u. z. w.
(Leipzig, 1881).
—Arabisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch zum Koran und Thier und Mensch
(Leipzig, 1881).
—Die Arabische Dicht-Kunst (Berlin, 1850).
Dombay, Fr. de—Gram. Mauro-Arab. (Vindob., 1800).
Dozy, R. P. A.—Supplément aux dictionnaires Arabes, 2 vols.
(Leyden, 1877).
—[And many other monographs on the language.]
Erpenius, Th.—Grammatica, etc. (Leyden, 1767).
—Rudimenta Linguae Arabicae, Ed. A. Schultens (Leyden, 1770).
Euting—Katalog der Arabischen Literatur (Strassburg, 1877).
Ewald, G. H. A.—Gram. Critica linq. Arab., 2 vols. (Lips., 1831).
Farhat, G.—Dict. Arabe-Française (Marseilles, 1849).
Faris Es Shidiac—Arab. Gram. (London, 1856).
Fleischer, H. L.—Tausend und eine Nacht (text and notes, 12 vols.)
(Breslau, 1825-43).
Fleischer, M. H. L.—Arabische Sprüche u. z. w. (Leipzig, 1837).
Flügel, G.—Die Grammatischen Schulen der Araber nach den Quellen
bearbeitet (Leipzig, 1862).
Flügel—Kitab El Fihrist; with German notes (Leipzig, 1871-72).
Flügel, Gustav—Lexicon Bibliographicum Arab., 7 vols. 4to.
(Leipzig, 1835-58).
Forbes, Duncan—Arabic Grammar.
Freytag—Einleitung in das Studium der Arabischen Sprache (Bonn, 1861).
—Lexicon, Arab. Lat., 4 vols. (Halis, 1830).
(abridged Halis, 1837).
—Arabum Proverbia (3 vols.) (Bonn, 1838).
Giggejus, A.—Thesaurus linq. Arabicae, 4 vols. (Medioland, 1632).
Gies, H.—Zur kentniss sieben Arabischer Versarten (Leipzig, 1879).
Girgass and De Rosen—Chrestomathy (German ed. 1875. Russian, St.
Petersburg, 1876).
Goeje, De M. J.—Debelangrykheid van de beoefening d. Arab. taal en
letterkunde (Hague, 1866).
Golius, J.—Lexicon Arab. Lat. (Leyden, 1653).
Green, A. O.—A Practical Arabic Grammar (Oxford, 1887).
Hammer Van Purgstall—Literaturgeschichte der Araber: Von ihren beginne
bis zum ende des Zwölfte Jahrhunderts der Hidschret, 7 vols.
(Wein, 1850-56).
Heury, J.—Vocab. French-Arab. (Beirut, 1881).
Hirth, J. Fr.—Anthologia Arab. (Jenae, 1774).
Hoefer’s Zeitschrift—Ueber die Himyarische Sprache (vol. i., 225 sq).
Jahn, J.—Arabische Chrestomathie (Wien, 1802).
Jayaker, A. S. G.—The Omanese Dialect of Arabic, 2 parts (In Journal
R. A. S., of Gt. Britain).
Kosengarten, J.—Arab. Chrestomathy (Leipzig, 1828).
Kremer, A. von—Lexikographie Arab. (Vienna, 1883).
Lane, E. W.—An Arabic English Dictionary (i.-viii.) (London, 1863-89).
” W.—The Thousand and One Nights, with notes, edited, 3 vols.
(London, 1841).
Lansing, J. G.—Arabic Grammar (New York, 1890).
Mac Naghten, W. H.—Thousand and One Nights literally transl., 4 vols.
(Calcutta, 1839).
Newman, F. W.—Dictionary, 2 vols. (London, 1890).
—Handbook of Modern Arabic (London, 1890).
Nöldeke, Th.—Beitrage zur Kentniss d. Poesie d. alten Araber,
(Hanover, 1864).
Nöldeke, T.—Funf Mo’allqāt, übersetzt und erklärt. II. Die Mo’allaqāt
Antara’s und Labid’s, 8 vo. (Vienna, 1900).
Oberleitner, A.—Chrestomathia Arab. (Vienna, 1824).
Palmer, E. H.—Arabic Grammar (London, 1890).
—Arabic Manual (London, 1890).
Perowne, J. J. S.—Adjrumiah, translated with Arabic voweled text
(Cambridge, 1852).
Richardson—Arab. Persian English Dictionary (London, 1852).
” J. A.—Gram. of Arabic Language (London, 1811).
Rosenmüller, E. F. C.—Grammar (Leipzig, 1818).
Sacy, A. J. Sylvestre de—An Arabic Grammar.
—Arabic Chrestomathy, 4 vols. (Paris, 1829).
Salmone, H. A.—Arabic-English Dictionary on a new system. Vol. I.
contains the Arabic-English part, xviii. and 1254 pp. Vol. II.
contains an English-Arabic key, referring every word to the Arabic
equivalent in the first volume, 2 vols. (London, 1890).
Socin, A.—Arabische Grammatik (Berlin, 1889).
Steingass, F.—Arab.-Eng. and Eng.-Arab. Dict. (London, 1890).
Tien, A.—Handbook of Arabic (London, 1890).
—Manual of Colloquial Arab. (London, 1890).
Trumpp, E.—Einleitung in das Studium der Arabischen Grammatiker
(Münich, 1876).
Tychsen, O. G.—Elementale Arabicum (1792).
Van Dyck, C. C. A.—Suggestions to beginners in the study of Arabic
(Beirut, 1892).
Vollers—Ægypto-Arab. Sprache (Cairo, 1890).
Vriemoet, E. L.—Grammar (Franeker, 1733).
Wahrmund, A.—Arab. Deutsch Handworter buch, 2 vols. (Giessen, 1887).
—Handbuch der Arab. Sprache (Giessen, 1866).
Winckler, J. L. W.—Arab. Sprachlehre nebst Wörterbuch (Leipzig, 1862).
Wright, W.—Arabic Reading Book (London, 1870).
[NOTE.—For other Arabic Lexicons, Grammars and Manuals consult Oriental
catalogues of: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., London; F. A.
Brockhaus, Leipzig; and E. J. Brill, Bibliothéque Orientale, Leyden.]
Index
[_See also Table of Contents_]
Abd-ul-Wahab, 192.
Abdulla bin Rashid, 200.
Abraha, 311.
Abraham, God’s promises to, 401.
Abyssinian invasion of Arabia, 308.
Accessibility of Arabia (see Open doors), 375.
Adam, Tradition of the fall of, 17.
Aden, 53, 218, 335, 376.
as a mission centre, 338.
Tribes around, 230.
Aflaj, 145.
Aftan, Wady, 22, 99.
Allah (see God), 171.
Alphabet, Arabic, 242.
Ali, Ruins at, 105.
Ali’s footprint, 66.
Amara, 132, 289, 364.
American Arabian mission, 353.
Rifles in Arabia, 66_n_, 139.
Amulets (see charms), 283.
Anaeze tribe, 154.
Animals of Arabia, 28, 88, 149.
Arab architecture, 124, 272.
characteristics, 261, 264.
genealogies, 261.
geographers, 25.
Arab, The, 258.
Arabia, 240.
Area of, 18.
Boundaries of, 18.
Felix (Yemen), 53, 307.
Arabia in Moslem tradition, 17.
Arabian field, Problems of the, 374.
history, 158.
idolatry (see Idolatry), 36.
mission, 354.
hymn, 358.
Arabic language, 238, 254.
newspapers, 257.
Arabs, Classes of, 260.
Origin of, 258.
Architecture, Arab, 272.
Arts, Arabian, 75, 274.
Ashera, 140.
Asir, The Turks in, 210.
Athar, Science of, 91, 278.
Bagdad, 133, 321.
mission, 327.
Turkish rule in, 215.
Vilayet, 126.
Bahrein, 97, 110, 220, 363, 373.
huts, 271.
Barka, 84.
Barny, F. J., 366.
Bartholomew, St., Tradition as to, 307.
Batina Coast, 83.
Bayard Taylor (quoted), 121.
Bedaa, 111.
Bedouin, Attacked by, 60.
dress, 272.
life, 265.
tribes, 68, 132, 154.
tribes, Mission to, 328.
warfare, 203, 364.
Beit Allah, 34, 35.
Bent, Theodore, 73.
Bible, Arabic, 256, 316.
depot in Bagdad, 321.
distribution in Arabia, 320, 365, 377, 384, 388.
Black stone of Mecca, 31, 36.
Blood covenants, 166.
revenge, 155, 265.
Blunt, Lady Ann, 269.
British and Foreign Bible Society, 321.
British influence in Arabia, 218.
Bruce, Robert, 321.
Buchanan, Claudius, 314.
Bunder, Abbas, 235.
Jissa, 84.
Burckhardt (quoted), 269.
Burial place of Mohammed, 47.
Burns, William, 320.
Burton (quoted), 282.
Busrah, 124, 129, 361.
mission, 365.
Camel, Land of the, 88.
Use and character, 90, 247.
Cantine, James, 353, 359, 360.
Caravan journey from Bagdad, 136.
Caravan routes of Oman, 94.
Carmathian princes, 115.
Castles in Hadramaut, 75.
Cave-dwellers, Gharah, 86.
Certificate, The Mecca, 40.
Charms used by women of Mecca, 42.
Child life among Arabs, 265.
Christian Church in Aden, 54.
Arabia, 306.
Christian coins used as amulets, 43.
Christian and Missionary Alliance, 328.
Christianity in Arabia, 159, 300.
Christians, Hatred of, 30, 267.
St. John, 285.
Christ’s Sonship, The Rock of, 397.
Church Missionary Society, 322, 327, 344.
Circumcision, 399.
Climate of Arabia, 20, 378.
Bahrein, 106.
Nejd, 147.
Oman, 79, 80, 93.
Cobb, H. N. (quoted), 369.
Coffee trade in Yemen, 70.
Coins (Carmathian), 115, 225.
Colportage work (see Bible distribution), 384.
Commerce, English, in Arabia, 225.
in the Nejd, 151.
of Busrah, 126.
Consulates, British, 231.
Controversy, 385.
Converts from Islam, 391.
Cosmogony, Sabean, 296.
Covenants, 166.
Cradle of the Human Race, 119.
Ctesiphon, Arch of, 133.
Cufic characters, 243.
Customhouse, Turkish, 58.
Customs, Arab, 166.
Da Costa, Isaac, 405.
Damar, 66.
Date culture, 124.
palm, 121.
Dauasir, Wady, 22, 145.
Dedan, 97.
Desert dwellers and the camel, 90.
Deserts of Arabia, 24, 144.
Difficulties of Arabian missions, 374.
Diseases in Arabia, 280, 378.
Diwaniyeh, 139.
Doughty (quoted), 144, 268.
Dress of the Arabs, 58, 70, 272.
Dromedary, 89.
Dutch Missionary Society, 394.
Reformed Church, 353.
Dwellings of Arabs, 271.
East India Company, 221.
Education in Mecca, 43.
of Arab Children, 266, 379.
Educational missions, 383.
Elephants in warfare, 312.
English possessions (see British), 27.
English supremacy in the Gulf, 222.
Euphrates, Journey down the, 136.
Europeans who visited Mecca, 31_n._
Eustace, M., 361.
Evangelistic work in Arabia, 384.
Eve, Tomb of, 17.
Ezekiel, 54, 405.
Ezra, Tomb of, 132.
Family life in Arabia, 265.
Fanaticism, Moslem, 379.
Fao, 129.
Fatima, Shrine of, 50.
Fauna of Arabia, 28.
Feasts, Sabean, 298.
Fetishism, 168.
Feysul, 198.
Fish on the Oman Coast, 82.
Flora of Arabia, 28, 57, 65, 124.
Foods of Arabia, 86, 123, 273.
Forder, Mr., 329.
Frankincense, 86.
Free Church of Scotland, 320, 334.
French, Bishop Thomas Valpy, 330, 331, 344.
French coaling station, 234.
Games, 267.
Geology of Arabia, 21.
Geographers, Arab, 25.
Gharah tribe, 85.
Glenny, Edward (quoted), 397.
God, The Moslem’s idea of, 171.
God’s promises for Arabia, 395.
Government of Bahrein, 108.
Hassa, 117.
Nejd, 150.
Governments in Arabia, 26.
Graves, Anthony N., 320.
Hadramaut, 18, 72.
Hagar, 397, 405.
Haig, F. T., 322, 334, 359, 378.
Hail, 151.
Haj Nasir, Khan of, 140.
Hajarein, Hadramaut, 74.
Halévy, Joseph, 73.
Hanifs, 168.
Harem system, 161.
Harpur, Dr. and Mrs., 322, 325.
Harrat (volcanic tracts), 23.
Hassa, 115, 117.
Hassa, The Turks in, 217.
Haswa, Khan El, 137.
Haura, 75.
Hegira, 183.
Hejaz, Turkish rule in, 207.
Hillah, 137.
Himyarite dynasty, 158, 307.
Himyarites, 259.
Himyaritic inscriptions, 74, 244.
History of Arabia, 158, 409.
Hodeidah, 53, 70, 347.
Bishop French at, 347.
Hodgson, 327.
Hofhoof, 113.
Honey, 86, 247, 282.
Horses, Arabian, 88, 149.
Hospital at Hofhoof, 116.
Hospitality of Rashid, 200.
the Amir of Nejd, 150.
Hostility to Christianity, 386.
Hurgronje Snouck (quoted), 270.
Ibb, Experience at, 65.
Ichthiophagoi, 82.
Idolatry in Arabia, 36, 52, 166, 284, 307.
Idols of Arabia, 166.
Ignorance of Arabia, 145.
Meccans, 42.
Ignorance, Time of, 158.
Illiteracy, 42, 379.
Immorality in Arabia, 40, 41.
of the Koran, 186.
India’s influence on Arabia, 109.
Infanticide, 161.
“Infidels”, 30, 31.
Inscriptions in Yemen, 313.
Himyaritic, 74.
Interior of Arabia, 143, 377.
Irak-Arabi, 120.
Irrigation in Oman, 93.
Ishmael, 35, 401.
Promises to, 398.
Ishmaelite Arabs, 260.
Islam, 169.
Analysis of, 177.
Borrowed elements of, 178.
God of, 171.
sects, 140,192.
Jauf, 275.
Jiddah, 17, 31, 32.
Jebel Shammar, 154.
Jesus Christ, 49, 297.
Jews in Arabia, 63, 66, 159, 308.
“John the Baptist Christians,” 297.
Joktan, 404.
Journey in Oman, 94.
to Hofhoof, 111.
Sana, 56.
up the Tigris, 131.
Kaaba, 34, 35, 263.
Tradition of the, 17.
Kaat-Culture, 63, 414.
Kamaran Island, 33, 22O.
Kamil, 360, 361, 423.
Katar Peninsula, 110.
Katif, 118.
Kedar, Promises concerning, 398.
Keith Falconer, Ion, 250, 331.
Mission, 343, 381.
Kenaneh, 310.
Kerak, 327.
Kerbela, 138, 195.
Khadijah, 181.
Khans, 137.
Koran, 186, 239, 242, 251, 282.
Koreish, 311, 312.
Kuria-Muria Islands, 86, 219.
Kurna, 142.
Kuweit, 128, 222.
Lahaj, 338.
Lane-Poole, Stanley (quoted), 253.
Language of the Arabs, 238, 249.
Sabean, 288.
Lansing, Dr., 321.
J. G., 354.
Law among Arabs (see Government), 265.
Legend as to creation of camel, 88.
of Nebi Salih, 302.
St. Bartholomew, 307.
Legends, 165.
Lethaby, William, 327.
Literature of the Arabs, 242, 251.
Locust, 266, 273.
Love among Arabs, 265.
Lull, Raymond, 239, 314.
Mahmal, 194.
Māadites, 259.
Mackay’s, Alexander, Appeal, 329.
Makalla, 73, 376.
Mandæans, 285.
Manufactures of Hassa, 115.
Marriages in Arabia, 162, 268, 270.
of Mohammed, 181, 182.
Temporary, 41.
Martyn, Henry, 314, 316.
Martyn’s, Henry, Journal, 318.
Mattra, 82.
Mecca, 17, 30, 34.
Capture of, 194.
Certificate, 40.
Turkish Government of, 208.
Meccan songs, 278.
Medical knowledge of Arabs, 280.
mission in Aden, Need of a, 336.
Medical mission in Yemen, 325.
missions, 361, 377.
Medicine, Arab, 281.
Medina, 31, 45.
Menakha, 69.
Menamah, 99.
Mesopotamia, 119, 216.
Star-worshippers of, 285.
Methods of mission work for Arabia, 383.
Mildmay Mission to the Jews, 363.
Mina, 39.
Miracles, Moslem, 313.
Mishkash, 42.
Mission at Aden, 342.
Muscat, 82, 349.
Missionaries needed, The kind of, 388.
Missionary force in Arabia, 380.
problems of Arabia, 374.
Missions in Arabia, 314.
Mahrah tribe, 85.
Makāmat, 253.
Mohammed, 169, 170, 179, 298.
Ali, 196.
Arabia, before, 158.
Mohammed’s burial place, 47.
Mohammedan intolerance, 30.
problem, 374.
Moharram, 140.
Moses, 302.
Moslem attitude toward Christianity, 386.
Moslem world, Condition of the, 397.
Moule, A. E. (quoted), 351.
Mounds at Ali, 106.
in the River Country, 121.
Mountains and table-lands, 19, 20, 22.
Mufallis, 58.
Muscat, 78, 363.
Attack on, 364.
Muscat, Bishop French at, 348.
Capture of, 203.
Henry Martyn at, 319.
Importance of, 329.
Music, Arab, 274.
Nasariya, 141.
Nebaioth, Promises regarding, 398.
Needs of Arabia, 381.
Nefud (Sandy Desert), 20.
Neibuhr, M., 17.
Nejd, 20, 27, 146.
Nejf, 138.
Nejran, 145.
New Brunswick Seminary Band, 353.
Newspapers, Arabic, 241.
Nomad population, 380.
Nomads, Arab, 157, 264.
North Africa Mission, 328.
Oaths, 57, 252, 264.
Ojeir, 111.
Oman, 78, 221, 234.
Interior of, 92.
Rulers of, 202.
Open doors in Arabia, 324, 375.
Opposition to missions, 362.
Ottoman (see Turkish), 127.
Outlook for missions, 391.
Palgrave (quoted), 19, 110, 153, 172, 198.
Palmyrene Kingdom, 304.
Paradise, Rivers of, 22_n_.
Paul in Arabia, 300.
Pearl fishing, 100.
Pearl Islands of the Gulf, 97.
Pearl oyster, 100.
Penmanship, Arabic, 245.
Pentecost, Arabs at, 300.
Perim, Island of, 220.
Persecution of Christians, 311, 379.
Persia, 318.
Persian converts, 392.
persecution of Christian Arabs, 305.
Physicians, Arab, 42, 280.
Pilgrimages, Early, 165.
to Mecca, 37, 184.
Pilgrims, Duties of, 38.
Nationality of, 33.
Pillars, The three, 39.
Pirate coast of Oman, 82.
Poem, “Hagar,” 405.
Poems on women, 270.
Poetry, Arab, 163, 164, 254, 274.
Poets, Arabian, 46.
Political divisions of Arabia, 26.
history of Bahrein, 107.
Politics in Arabia, Present, 233.
Polyandry, 162.
Polygamy, 162, 268, 298.
Population of Arabia, 29.
Bagdad, 134.
Irak-Arabi, 126.
Portuguese at Muscat, 81, 202.
castle, Katif, 118.
Postal systems of Arabia, 224.
Post, Geo. E. (quoted), 186.
Poverty of the Arabs, 157.
Prayer, Call to, 326.
for Moslems, 315.
Prayer-meeting of Star-worshippers, 289.
Prayers of pilgrims, 38.
offered at Medina, 50.
Preaching in Yerim, 66, 324.
to Moslems, 384.
Priesthood, Mandæan, 298.
Problems of the Arabian field, 374.
Prophet’s tomb at Medina, 47.
Provinces of Arabia, 25.
Ptolemy’s map of Arabia, 18.
Railway, Anglo-Egyptian, 226.
Rashid, Mohammed bin, 200.
Rastak, 79.
Red Sea coast, 19.
Reformation, Wahabi, 192.
Reformed Church in America, 353.
Religion of heathen Arabs, 164.
the Mahrah tribe, 85.
Sabeans, 288.
Renan, Ernest (quoted), 239.
Report of Keith Falconer, 335.
Results of missions to Moslems, 392.
Rhenish missionary society, 394.
Riad, 152, 201.
Riggs, C. E., 361.
River country, 119, 382.
Rivers of Arabia, 21.
Roba’-el-Khali, 143.
Robbers, Bedouin, 155.
Robbery among Arabs, 264.
Robbery, Turkish, 69.
Roda, 68.
Roman empire and the Arabs, 304.
Ruins at Ali, 105.
in Hadramaut, 74.
Ruma, Wady, 22.
Russian influence, 235.
interests in Arabia, 223.
Sabeans, 285.
Sabat, 317.
Sacred mosque of Mecca, 35.
Sacrifice, Sabean, 294.
Sacrifices in Arabia, 39, 166.
Said, Seyid, 202.
Sana, 56, 67, 212.
Early Christianity in, 310.
Importance of, 324, 360.
Sana inscription, 313.
Saud, 194.
School for African slave-boys, 366.
Schools at Medina, 51.
in Hassa, 117.
of Mecca, 43.
Sciences, Arabian, 274.
Seba, 404.
Semitic languages, 240, 241.
Semites, 240.
Shatt-el-Arab, 120.
Sheba, 403, 404.
Shehr and its ruler, 76.
Sheikh Othman, 56, 335, 336.
mission, 342.
Shibam, 75.