we went to East, and entered between Mare and Tidori, at which we
anchored, and there we were very well received, and made very good
arrangements for peace, and made a house on shore for trading with the
people, and so we remained many days, until we had taken in cargo.
The islands of the Malucos are these: Terrenate, Tidori, Mare, Motil,
Maquian, Bachian, and Gilolo, these are all those which contain cloves
and nutmeg; and there are also several others among them, the names of
which I will mention, and in what altitude they are, and the first is
Terrenate, which is on the side of the equinoctial line.
Terrenate is in altitude of 1° 0′
Tidori „ „ 0 30
Mare „ „ 0 15
Motil is on the line 0
Maquian is to the south 0 15
Cayoan „ „ 0 20
Bachian „ „ 1
La Talata „ „ 1 ¼
La Talata (Lata-lata) lies north of Terrenate N.N.E. and S.S.W., and
that which is on the equinoctial line is 190° 30′ of longitude from
the line itself, and the island of Motil itself with Cagayan lies N.W.
and S.E., and with Tagima, which is opposite the island of Quipit, it
lies N.E. and S.W. ¼ N.S., but in these courses one cannot venture to
pass, for they say there are many shoals, and so we came by another
course, coasting the said islands. From the islands of Maluco we sailed
Saturday, 21st December, of the said year 1521, and we went to the
island of Mare, and there took in wood to burn, and the same day we
sailed and went to S.S.W., making for Motil, and thence we went by the
same course, making for Maquian, and thence we went to S.W., running
by all these islands, and others, which are these:—Cuayoan, Laboan,
Agchian, Latalata, and other small islands, which remain in the N.W.
quarter, and now I will say in what latitude and longitude are each one
separately, and which are those which contain cloves and other spices.
The first to the North is Terrenate, which is in 1° North, and Tidore
40′ and Mare 15′ and Motil on the equinoctial line, and these lie North
and South. The others to the South are these: Maqui is in 20′ Cuayoan
in 40′ and Laboan in 1°, and Latalata in 1° 15′ and Bachian lies with
Terrenate E.N.E. and W.S.W.; and to the S.E. of all these islands there
is a very large island called Gilolo, and there are cloves in it, but
very few; therefore there are seven islands which contain cloves, and
those which have a large quantity are these: Terrenate, Tidore, Motil,
Maqui, and Bachian, which are the five principal ones, and some of them
contain nutmeg and mace. Motil is on the line, and is in longitude of
the meridian of 191° 45′
From Latalata we went to S.W. ¼ W., and fell in with an island which
is called Lumutola, it is in 1¾°, and on the W. side there is another
island called Sulan, and at these islands there are many shoals, and
from hence we took the course to the South, towards an island named
Buro, and between these three, there is another island which is named
Fenado, it is in 2½°, and Buro is in 3½°, and it lies with Bachian
N.E. and S.W. ¼ N.S. in longitude 194°; and to the East of Buro there
is a very large island called Ambon, in which they make much cotton
cloths, and between it and Buro there are some islets; take care of
them, for this it is necessary to coast the island of Buro to the East,
and to the South of it. I took the sun in 70° 24′, it had 22° 36′
declination, and so the latitude came to be 3°. I was in the Southern
part of the island, and this was on the 27th of December, on Friday. On
the 28th of the said month, I did not take the sun, but we were in the
neighbourhood of the said isle of Buro, and Bidia, which, lies to the
eastward.
Sunday, 29th, I took the sun in 71½°, it had 22° 21′ declination, and
our distance came to be 3° 51′, and we were opposite the isle of Ambon.
On the 30th I took the sun in the altitude of the day before, in calm,
it was Monday.
On the 31st I did not take the sun, we were a matter of 12 leagues from
the Isle of Ambon E.N.E. and W.S.W., the day was Tuesday.
1522—
The 1st day of January, 1522, I took the sun in barely 73°, it had 21°
54′ declination, the altitude came to be 4° 45′.
On the 2nd of the month, I took the sun in 73¾°, it had 21¾°
declination, our distance came to be 5½°, the course was to S.W., and
it was Thursday.
Friday, 3rd, I did not take the sun, but the ship made the course of
S.S.W., in latitude of 6⅓°, after that we took the course to N.W.
On the 4th of the month I did not take the sun, but we were in 5¾°, the
course was to N.W., and the day Saturday.
Sunday, the 5th, I took the sun in 75°, it had 21° 14′ declination, the
latitude came to 6° 14′.
On the 6th, Monday, I took the sun in 76°, it had 21° 2′ declination,
the latitude came to be 7° 2′.
On the 7th, I took the sun in 76⅔°, it had 20° 50′ declination, the
latitude came to be 7½°, and the course was to S.W. Tuesday.
On the 8th of the month, I took the sun in 77½°, it had 20° 37′
declination, and the latitude came to be 8° 7′, the course was to S.W.,
and the day Wednesday, and this day we saw some islands, which lie
East and West, and this day we entered between two of them, which are
these, Lamaluco and Aliguom; between them are two little ones which
you will leave on the right hand after entering the channel, they are
inhabited; this channel lies N.E. S.W. ¼ E.W., with Buro, and all these
islands are ten in number, and they lie E.W. ¼ N.E. S.W., and they
have of longitude a matter of 50 leagues; we ran along them, with very
bad weather from the South; we coasted them and anchored off the last,
which is called Malua, which is in 8⅓°, the others are named Liaman,
Maumana, Cui, Aliguim, Bona, Lamaluco, Ponon, Vera. We sailed from
Malua and went to the South, and found the island of Timor, and we
coasted the coast from east to west, on the north side of this island,
which is in the latitude of 9°, and the nearest land on the north side,
and this land will have 10 leagues journey, and this coast lies with
Buro N.E. S.W. ¼ N.S., in longitude of 197° 45´, and of this island of
Timor we coasted all the coast from east to west, as far as the village
of Manvai; and first we came near the village of Queru, and from Queru
to Manvai, the coast runs N.E. S.W ¼ N.S., and here I took the sun on
the 5th day of February, in 86⅔°, and it had 12° 44′ declination, so
that the latitude came to be 9° 24′, and this island is very large and
populous, and all the island has much sandal wood, and there are many
towns in it.
On the 8th of February I took the sun in 87½°, and it had 11° 42′ of
declination, with which our distance came to be 9⅙°, and we were at
the head of the island of Timor, at the West end, and from here to the
Eastern cape the coast runs E.N.E. to W.S.W., and it was Saturday.
Sunday, 9th of the said month, I took the sun in 88⅙°, and it had 11⅓°
declination. Our latitude came to be 9° 35′, and we were at the most
salient cape of all the island, and from there it goes falling off to
the S.W. and S.
On the 10th of the same month I took the sun in 88¼°, it had 10° 58′
declination; our latitude came to be 9° 28′, and the head of the island
lay to the south, and the day was Monday.
On the 11th, Tuesday, I took the sun in 88¼°, it had 9⅓° declination;
the latitude came to 9° 35′, and we were in calm.
Wednesday, the 12th, I did not take the sun, but we were becalmed in
the neighbourhood of where we were the the day before, or a little more.
On the 13th I took the sun in 89⅔°; it had 9° 52′ declination; the
latitude came to 10° 32′, and we were in the neighbourhood of islands
of which we do not know the names, nor whether they are inhabited. They
lie E.S.E. and W.N.W. with the west cape of Timor, and from here we
took our course to the Cape of Good Hope, and went to W.S.W.
[After this the course was W.S.W. for several days, and there is
nothing worthy of note till Tuesday, the 18th of March, when the
Victoria discovered Amsterdam Island.]
On the 18th of the said month (March), I took the sun in 49½°, it had
2° 55′ declination, the latitude came to be 37° 35′, and whilst taking
the sun we saw a very high island, and we went towards it to anchor,
and we could not fetch it; and we struck the sails and lay to until
next day, and the wind was W.; and we made another tack to the north
under storm sails;[449] and this was on the 19th, and we could not take
the sun; we were east and west with the island, and it is in 38°[450]
to the south, and it appears that it is uninhabited, and it has no
trees at all, and it has a circumference of a matter of six leagues.
On the 20th of the said month, Thursday, I did not take the sun, but we
were east and west with the island, and we went to N.W. and to N.N.W.
and ¼ N.W., and for the whole course I put down a matter of 15 leagues
to the N.N.W., and in the latitude of 35½°.
On the 22nd of the said month I took the sun in 50¼°: it had 4° 27′
declination; the latitude came to 36° 18′. The day before we had struck
the sails until the morning of the said Saturday, and this day we set
sail and went to the N.W.
* * * * *
On the 8th of the said month (May) I did not take the sun; but,
according to the run we had made, we thought we were ahead of the Cape,
and on this day we saw land, and the coast runs N.E. and S.W. and a
quarter east and west; and so we saw that we were behind the Cape a
matter of 160 leagues, and opposite the river Del Infante,[451] eight
leagues distant from it in the offing; and this day we were lying to
with winds from the west and west-north-west, and it was Thursday.
On the 9th I did not take the sun, but we made land and anchored,
and the coast was very wild, and we remained thus till next day; and
the wind shifted to W.S.W., and upon that we set sail, and we went
along the coast to find some port for anchoring and taking refreshments
for the people who were most suffering, which we did not find. And we
stood out to sea, to be at our ease; and we saw many smokes along the
coast, and the coast was very bare, without any trees, and this coast
runs N.E. and S.W.: it is in 33° latitude, and it was Saturday, 10th of
May.
[Illustration: +Het Eyland Amsterdam.+]
[Illustration: +Het Eyland Sᵗ. Paulo.+]
* * * * *
Friday, the 16th (May), I took the sun in 33¼°; it had 21° 6′
declination; the latitude came to 35° 39′, and we were E.S.E. and
W.N.W., with the Cape of Good Hope twenty leagues off from it; and this
day we sprung our fore-mast and fore-yard, and we were all day hove to,
and the wind was W.
[The _Victoria_ doubled the Cape of Good Hope between the 18th and the
19th of May, and arrived] on the 9th of the month of July, and anchored
in the port of Rio Grande in Santiago [of the Cape Verde Islands], and
they received us very well, and gave us what provisions we wanted; and
this day was Wednesday, and they reckoned this day as Thursday, and so
I believe that we had made a mistake of a day; and we remained there
till Sunday in the night, and we set sail for fear of bad weather and
the difficulty of the port; and on the morrow we sent our boat on shore
to get more rice, which we wanted, and we were standing off and on till
it came.
On the 14th of July, Monday, we sent our boat on shore for more rice,
and it came at midday, and returned for more, and we were waiting for
it till night, and it did not come; and we waited till next day, and
it never came; then we went near the port to see what the matter was,
and a boat came and told us to give ourselves up, and that they would
send us with a ship which was coming from the Indies, and that they
would put some of their people in our ship, and that the gentlemen had
so ordered. We required them to send us our boat and men, and they
said that they would bring an answer from the gentlemen; and we said
we would take another tack, and would wait: and so we took another
tack, and we made all sail, and went away with twenty-two men, sick and
sound, and this was Tuesday, the 15th of the month of July. On the 14th
I took the sun. This town is in 15° 10′.
* * * * *
September, 1522.
On the 4th of the said month, in the morning, we saw land, and it was
Cape St. Vincent, and it was to the north-east of us, and so we changed
our course to the S.E., to get away from that Cape.
* * * * *
The manuscript has at the end:
Vᵗᵒ Simancas, 8 Setiembre, 1783, Muñoz.
D. Juan Bautista Muñoz, who died in 1822 or 1823, made a large
collection of transcripts from the Simancas and Seville archives,
which Navarrete made use of. In 1793 Muñoz published the first
volume of his _Historia del Nuevo Mundo_, which he never finished.
ACCOUNT OF WHAT HAPPENED
TO
THE SHIP “TRINITY” AND HER CREW
_After she parted company with the “Victoria”._
_From Navarrete._
After the _Victoria_ left Tidore, the crew of the _Trinity_ commenced
careening their ship, and took out of her and placed in the store-house
in Tidore their goods and the guns of the _Conception_, which they
had burned, and of the _Santiago_, which was lost. Gonzalo Gomez de
Espinosa determined to leave in charge of these goods and factory the
accountant, Juan de Campos, as clerk; the officer, Luis del Molino; the
servants, Alonso de Cota, Genoese, and Diego Arias; and Master Pedro, a
bombardier.
Taking leave of the King of Tidore, the _Trinity_ sailed thence on the
6th of April 1522, with fifty men on the muster-roll, and a cargo of
nine hundred quintals of cloves. The _Trinity_ sailed for forty leagues
to an island named Zanufo, in 2 deg. 30 min. N. latitude, belonging
to the King of Tidore, thence to the open sea, where they calculated
they had two thousand leagues to run to Panama. In 20 deg. they fell
in with an island, where they took in a native, and continuing a
northerly course to 42 deg., they met with a storm which lasted five
days, and they had to cut away the castle at the prow; their poop was
broken; their mainmast was broken in two. The crews fell sick, and they
returned to seek the island from which they had taken the native; but,
not being able to fetch it, they arrived at another twenty leagues
distant from it. This island was named Mao, and is to the north of the
island Botaha; they are in 12 deg. and 13 deg. This island was three
hundred leagues from the Moluccas, and they were a month and a half in
getting there; many of the crew died. When they arrived and anchored
at the first land, which was Zanufo, a vessel passed by which informed
them that a fortnight after the _Trinity_ sailed, five or seven
Portuguese sail had arrived at Terrenate, whose captain was Antonio
de Brito, and that they were building a fortress there. Barros states
that the first stone of this was placed by Antonio de Brito June 24th,
1522. The captain of the _Trinity_ begged the people of this vessel to
take a man to Terrenate, who was Bartolome Sanchez, the clerk of the
ship, by whom he sent a letter to the Portuguese captain, begging him,
on the part of His Majesty, to send him succour to prevent the ship
being lost, for his crew was sick and reduced in number. Gonzalo Gomez,
seeing that this was delayed, weighed, and came to anchor in the port
of Benaconora. Simon Abreu, and Duarte Roger, clerk of the King of
Portugal’s factory, came there, with other people, in a caracora, and
after that came a fusta and caravel, with other armed Portuguese, who
entered the _Trinity_, and gave to the captain a letter from Antonio
de Brito in answer to his, dated October 21st, 1522, which only said
that people were going to bring in his ship. By an order which they
brought from Antonio Brito, they at once took from Gonzalo Gomez all
the letters, astrolabes, quadrants, and log-books which he had made;
they took the vessel and anchored her in the port of Talangomi. There
were seventeen Castilians of sound and sick in the vessel, and they
took those that were well with Gonzalo Gomez to the fortress, and next
day took the sick to the hospital.
Gonzalo Gomez complained of the violence done in taking that which
belonged to the emperor, and in his country. They replied that he had
done what the emperor, his lord, had commanded him; and they, what they
ought to do by the instructions from the king, their lord. They asked
him to give up the royal standard of Castile, and he answered that he
could not do so, neither could he defend it, since he was in their
power. Upon which they drew up some documents before a notary; and
when they discharged the cargo of the ship, he asked the Portuguese to
give him a certificate of what was in it, for him to render an account
to His Majesty; and they replied that, if he asked for this often,
they would give it him on a yard arm. In the fortress we found Juan
de Campos, Diego Arias, and Alonzo, the Genoese, sick, who were three
of those who had remained in Tidore with the goods of His Majesty.
They said that the Portuguese had knocked down the factory-house and
taken the cloves and receipts for cloves which were paid for, and all
the rigging and fittings of the ships; Luis del Molino had fled, and
Gonzalo Gomez called him to come to the fortress under safe conduct,
but when in it they put him in irons; Master Pedro had died.
When the ship was in Tidore, the pilot, Juan Lopez Carvalho, died on
the 14th February, 1522; and, between sailing thence and anchoring at
Benaconora, there died in August, September, and October, thirty-one
individuals, without counting three who ran away in the isle of Mao of
the Ladrones.
The twenty-one Castilians of the ship and factory remained about four
months as prisoners in Terrenate, until, at the end of February 1523,
Captain Antonio de Brito gave them a passage to India, sending them to
the island of Banda, which was a hundred leagues off, excepting the
carpenter Antonio, and the caulker Antonio Basazaval, whom he said
that he required. The clerk of the factory, Juan de Campos, and three
other Castilians, went in a junk, of which nothing was known nor what
became of those persons. The Castilians remained in Banda about four
months; from thence they were conducted to Java, and coasting it they
arrived at a city named Agrazue. Agrazue was a town of thirty thousand
inhabitants, Mussulmans, of great trade, to which porcelain, silks, and
other Chinese goods were brought from Borneo and other parts.
From Agrazue they went to Malacca, two hundred leagues distant, where
Jorge de Albuquerque was captain.
They were about five months at Malacca. Four Castilians died there at
the end of November 1524. The ship-boy, Anton Moreno, remained there,
who was, they said, the slave of a sister of Jorge de Albuquerque,
and the rest went on to India. They were twenty-five days in reaching
Ceylon, which was three hundred leagues, and they went a hundred
leagues more to Cochin. The clerk, Bartolomé Sanchez, and two others,
went in a junk, of which nothing more was heard. In Cochin they found
that the ships for Portugal had sailed a short time before their
arrival, and they had to wait a year for the passage of the spice ships.
After they had been ten months in Cochin, without obtaining leave to
embark, the seaman, Leon Pancaldo, and Bautista Poncero, master of the
ship _Trinity_, fled secretly in the ship _Sta. Catalina_, which left
them in Mozambique. There they were arrested and put on board the ship
of Diego de Melo to be taken to the Governor of India, but contrary
winds did not permit her departure; and, having been allowed to go
ashore, Bautista Poncero died, and Leon Pancaldo hid himself in the
ship of Francisco Pereira, which was going to Portugal. He remained hid
till they got a hundred leagues from Mozambique. When they arrived at
Lisbon they put him in prison, from which the king commanded him to be
set free.
At this time, D. Vasco da Gama arrived in India as Viceroy, and the
Castilians begged for leave to embark in the ships which were going to
Portugal, but he would not give it. The Viceroy died in twenty days,
and they elected in his stead D. Enrique de Meneses governor of Goa,
who came to Cochin. Two Castilians died there, and those that remained
had to wait for another year.
Gonzalo Gomez had done homage and could not get away until after
constant recourse and petitions to the governor, D. Enrique de Meneses,
who gave him leave, as also to the seaman, Gines de Mafra, and to
Master Hans, a bombardier, when it was known there that the King
of Portugal was married to Da. Catalina, sister of His Majesty the
Emperor. These three individuals left Cochin in the Portuguese ships,
and when they arrived at Lisbon they put them in the Limoneiro or
public prison, where Master Hans died. Gonzalo Gomez and Gines de Mafra
remained there about seven months, until they were set free by letters
from His Majesty; but Gonzalo Gomez[452] was set free twenty-seven
days before Gines, whom they supposed to be a pilot, having found some
log-books in his box and two other (books), which Andres de San Martin,
pilot of His Majesty, had made, which books and other writings they
took, and would not return to him.
From their departure from Terrenate, in the Moluccas, to Lisbon,
inclusively, there died eight individuals. What became of seven was
unknown; two remained in the Moluccas; one in Malacca; and three
reached Spain, besides the licentiate and priest, Morales.
* * * * *
Gaspar Correa says (tome iii, p. 109):—
“In this year 1527, one Sebastian Gabato, a Basque, and a great pilot,
sailed from Seville as captain-major of two ships and a caravel, who
was ordered by the Viceroy of the Antilles to go and take in cargo at
Maluco, and recover the property of the Castilians, which he might find
belonging to the ship of the fleet of Fernan de Magalhāes which put
in in distress; and if he found any things in the possession of the
Portuguese, he was to ask for them and require them from the captains
on behalf of the emperor, with all urbanity: and if they did not choose
to give them up, he was to ask for documents, with protests, which he
was to bring to the emperor for him to do in the matter what might be
for his service. This fleet sailed from Seville, and never more was
any news heard of what became of it, nor what end it had. This only
was known, that this fleet had thus sailed this year, through other
Castilians, who later arrived at Maluco in another fleet, as I will
relate further on in its place.”
* * * * *
[Correa relates, in his Tom. III, cap. xiv, that Charles V sent
a fleet of five ships in 1527 to Maluco under Fray Garcia de
Loaysa, and that only one ship under Captain Martim Inhigo reached
Maluco: he then describes the disputes and skirmishes between the
Castilians and Portuguese.]
ACCOUNT OF
THE MUTINY IN PORT ST. JULIAN.
Navarrete gives, No. XX of his documents relating to Magellan, a
copy of a document presented on Wednesday, the 22nd of May, 1521,
by a servant of Diego Barbosa, on behalf of Alvaro de Mezquita,
to the Alcalde of Seville, dated April 26th, 1520, which were the
informations taken in Port St. Julian by Martin Mendes, clerk of the
_Victoria_; Sancho de Heredia, king’s notary; Gonzalo Gomes de Spinosa,
Alguazil-mayor or chief constable of the fleet: he could not write, and
Domingo de Barruty signed for him.
These informations were taken in consequence of a petition from Alvaro
de Mezquita, captain of the _S. Antonio_, to Magellan, complaining of
Gaspar de Quesada, captain of the _Conception_, and Juan de Cartagena,
with about thirty armed men, having seized him the night of Palm
Sunday, April 1st, 1520, and having locked him up in the cabin of
Geronimo Guerra, the clerk of the _S. Antonio_. This petition was
presented to Magellan when he was on shore, after hearing Mass on
Sunday, the 15th of April, and he gave orders to the two clerks and
Alguazil to make an inquiry on board the _S. Antonio_. His order was
dated April 17th, and signed by himself and Leon de Speleta, clerk of
the flag-ship. The informations taken on board the _S. Antonio_ were
dated Thursday, the twenty-sixth April, 1520.
No. XXI of Navarrete is a letter from Juan Lopez do Recalde to the
Bishop of Burgos, of May 12th, 1521, giving him an account of the
arrival of the _S. Antonio_ at Seville, 6th May, 1521, commanded by
Geronimo Guerra, a relation and servant of Christoval de Haro, and of
the execution of Gaspar de Quesada and others. This letter relates the
story of the mutineers and those who turned back from difficulty and
danger, and is naturally unfavourable to Magellan.