DETAILS RESPECTING CAMBODIA--UDONG, ITS PRESENT CAPITAL--INTERVIEWS
WITH THE SECOND KING.
All my preparations for departure having been completed, the Abbé
Hestrest came on the morning of the day fixed, to invite me to
breakfast with him; after which he offered to take me in his own boat
to Kompong-Bay, where the promised vehicles were to meet us.
When we arrived there, none were to be seen. We applied to the first
mandarin, who, chewing his betel, displayed his black teeth with a
stupid grin, and I then perceived that I had been duped by these
people, who are always and everywhere false; never yielding but to
force, and holding the very name of a European in detestation. After
various complaints, and remonstrances with the mandarins, we with great
difficulty obtained three carriages, by courtesy so called; but the
dog-cars in use in Holland would have been more serviceable to me; so I
sent back the three wheelbarrows to the king, with my compliments, and
hired other vehicles for myself.
JOURNEY TO UDONG.
Udong, the present capital of Cambodia, is situated north-east of
Komput, and is four miles and a half from that arm of the Mekon which
forms the great lake, lying about 135 miles from Komput as the crow
flies. It is reckoned an eight-days’ journey, travelling with oxen or
buffaloes, and there are eight stations on the way. With elephants you
can accomplish it in half the time; but only the king, the mandarins,
and very wealthy persons can afford to keep these animals. The
conveyances which I had engaged could scarcely hold my baggage, so that
my men were obliged to make the journey on foot.
Perceiving in the shops several necklaces, bracelets, and rings formed
of a material like jet, I inquired from whence it was procured, and
was told that it came from the neighbouring island of Phû Quoc, where
it was to be found in abundance. I afterwards handled a piece of this
substance, and discovered it to be a sort of coal. It would burn well
in a lamp, and greatly resembles the cannel coal of Scotland.
SUFFERINGS FROM HEAT.
After traversing a marshy plain, where we knocked down several aquatic
birds, we entered a beautiful forest, which stretches unbroken to
the very gates of Udong. To cross this marsh I had to put on my
hunting-boots, which I had not worn for some time, and consequently the
leather had hardened so much, that, after two hours’ walking in the
heat of the day, the skin was rubbed off my feet in several places; and
I was forced to take off the boots and continue my journey barefoot.
Luckily, owing to the dry weather and the constant communication
between Komput and the capital, the road was almost everywhere in
good condition. The heat was intense, and our progress excessively
slow; but at length we reached the first station, where I was lodged
in a large hall, thatched and built of bamboo, which had been erected
for the accommodation of the king and his suite. At night, guards
were stationed at my door to protect me from robbery; and, thanks to
the royal letter which I carried, I was respectfully treated. On the
following morning I managed, at the cost of a franc of our money, to
hire an elephant to take me as far as the next station.
From thence I continued my route barefoot, and our sufferings from
the heat exceeded all I had ever imagined of the effect of the sun in
the torrid zone. Its burning rays, falling on the sandy soil, became
intolerable at ten o’clock in the morning, so that even the natives,
the soles of whose feet were much harder than mine, could not bear
contact with the bare ground, but sought for tufts of grass to step
upon. The oxen could scarcely move, and showed every sign of pain and
exhaustion; and, in spite of spurring and blows, often refused to stir.
The water in the ponds was not warm, but literally hot; the whole
atmosphere seemed on fire, and all nature languishing and prostrate. At
ten o’clock we halted until three. We sadly felt the want of drinkable
water, as also did our cattle, which suffered from thirst even more
than ourselves. To make our tea and cook our rice, we had no resource
but the stagnant pools, impregnated with unwholesome matter by the
vomica-nuts which fall from the surrounding trees.
NATURE OF THE ROAD.
The day following I was fortunate enough to obtain another elephant;
but after this there was no more help to be met with, and the greater
part of the ensuing four days’ journey I performed on foot, my
attendants contriving to perch themselves on the corners of one of
the waggons. At this dry season a broad track in the middle of the
road, which altogether is from twenty-five to thirty metres in width,
is beaten hard by the frequent passage of vehicles and elephants, and
the fine thick dust arising from it is very annoying. The remainder
of the road is covered with grass and shrubs, and on either hand is
the forest, with its trees tall, straight, and majestic, surmounted by
immense tufts of leaves. The effect is that of a magnificent avenue;
and from the regularity of the intervals between the trees, one might
almost believe that it had been laid out by the hand of art.
The stations are equidistant from each other, about twelve miles
apart; and at all of them, besides the old caravanserais for the
shelter of ordinary travellers, new ones, much more spacious and
ornamental, have been erected for the accommodation of the king. There
are also intermediate resting-places between every two stations, where
travellers can obtain a welcome shelter from the midday heat.
UDONG.
On leaving Komput a low chain of hills came in sight on our left hand,
but everywhere on our route we met with the same sandy soil, except in
a single spot, which was stony, and contained veins of iron-ore. We
passed through but one village, and there, only, were a few attempts
at cultivation. In no other part of the forest could I distinguish any
traces of its being inhabited. On approaching the capital, the prospect
became more diversified: we passed fields of rice, cottages encircled
by fruit-gardens, and country houses belonging to the Cambodian
aristocracy, who come here in the evening for the sake of breathing
a purer air than they can find in the city. As we drew closer to the
gates I found the place to be protected by a large moat, surmounted by
a parapet, and enclosed by a palisade three metres high. I expected
to enter a fortified town, and, as my countrymen were now engaged in
giving a lesson to the Cochin-Chinese, to be received by a sentinel
with fixed bayonet, and with the startling words, “You cannot pass.”
But seeing no one, I pushed open the gate and entered. It seemed that
I was in the enclosure surrounding the palace of the second king. The
first object that attracted my attention was a sort of cage, something
between a sentry-box and a pigeon-house, with a small window at each
of the four sides, intended for a look-out house and signal-station in
case of invasion. I then found myself in the centre of a large square
surrounded by ramparts, and the access to which is by two gates, one
opening on the market-place, and the other on the country. Within this
walled space is, on one side, the palace of the inferior king, and
opposite are the residence of a younger prince, his brother, and a
pagoda. All these buildings were thatched.
I hoped to find here, as at Komput, an “Hotel for the king and
ambassadors,” but, not seeing any sign hung out, I bent my steps to a
house where many persons were passing in and out. It was the hall of
justice, and the judges were then sitting. I sent my man Niou to ask if
they would give shelter to a traveller, and had not long to wait for
an answer, for both judges and accused came out to see me, and I was
brought into the hall, where I was an object of great curiosity, all
crowding round me and asking me what I sold.
SUMMONED TO THE PALACE.
The news of my arrival soon reached the ears of the king, and two pages
were sent to request me to wait at once on his Majesty; but my luggage
was not yet forthcoming, and I objected that I could not visit him in
my travelling-dress. “Oh, that is nothing; the king has no dress at
all, and he will be delighted to see you,” was the reply. Scarcely had
my waggons arrived when a chamberlain, followed by a page, came to say
that the king was waiting for me. I went, therefore, to the palace,
before the entrance of which were a dozen dismounted cannon, in whose
mouths the sparrows had built their nests. Further off a crowd of
vultures were devouring the remains from the table of the king and his
courtiers. I was ushered into the audience-chamber, which communicates
with his Majesty’s private apartments, and is paved with large Chinese
tiles, the walls being whitened with chalk. A number of Siamese pages,
fine young men from twenty-five to thirty years of age, uniformly
dressed in a langouti of red silk, were standing in groups, or seated
in Oriental fashion, waiting the king’s appearance. A few minutes after
my arrival he entered, and every forehead was bowed to the ground.
I rose, and he advanced towards me, with an air at once easy and
distinguished.
[Illustration:
Drawn, by M. Janet Lange, from a Photograph.
PORTRAIT OF THE SECOND KING OF CAMBODIA
(NOW THE FIRST KING).]
INTERVIEW WITH THE SECOND KING.
“Sire,” said I, “I had the honour of an interview with the first King
at Komput, and of being favoured by him with permission to visit Udong.”
“Are you French or English?” he asked, examining me attentively.
“I am a Frenchman, Sire.”
“You are not a merchant; why do you come to Cambodia?”
“Sire, I came through Siam to see your country, and to hunt here, if
allowed.”
“Very good. You have been in Siam? I also have visited Bangkok. Come
and see me again.”
“As often as my presence will be agreeable to your Majesty.”
After a few more minutes’ conversation, the king held out to me his
hand, which I kissed, and I then retired; but had not proceeded far
when several officials ran after me, exclaiming, “The king is enchanted
with you; he wants to see you often.”
STROLL THROUGH THE CITY.
The following day I devoted to making an investigation of the city. The
houses are built of bamboos or planks, and the market-place, occupied
by the Chinese, is as dirty as all the others of which I have made
mention. The longest street, or rather the only one, is a mile in
length; and in the environs reside the agriculturists, as well as the
mandarins and other Government officers. The entire population numbers
about 12,000 souls.
[Illustration:
Drawn by M. Sabatier, from a Sketch by M. Mouhot
CAMBODIAN CART.]
The many Cambodians living in the immediate vicinity, and, still more,
the number of chiefs who resort to Udong for business or pleasure, or
are passing through it on their way from one province to another,
contribute to give animation to this capital. Every moment I met
mandarins, either borne in litters or on foot, followed by a crowd of
slaves carrying various articles; some, yellow or scarlet parasols,
more or less large according to the rank of the person; others, boxes
with betel. I also encountered horsemen, mounted on pretty, spirited
little animals, richly caparisoned and covered with bells, ambling
along, while a troop of attendants, covered with dust and sweltering
with heat, ran after them. Light carts, drawn by a couple of small
oxen, trotting along rapidly and noisily, were here and there to be
seen. Occasionally a large elephant passed majestically by. On this
side were numerous processions to the pagoda, marching to the sound
of music; there, again, was a band of ecclesiastics in single file,
seeking alms, draped in their yellow cloaks, and with the holy vessels
on their backs.
SCENE IN THE COURT OF JUSTICE.
The third day after my arrival at Udong the court of justice was
noisily opened at eight o’clock in the morning; and the loud voices
of the judges and advocates were still resounding through the hall
at five in the afternoon, having never for an instant been hushed,
when suddenly two pages came out of the court of the palace, crying
out, “The King!” A thunderbolt falling in the hall could not have
caused a greater sensation than this announcement; there was a general
hurryscurry; judges, advocates, accused, and spectators fled pell-mell,
taking refuge in the corners with their faces to the ground. I laughed
to see the legal functionaries, and the Chinamen with their long
queues, rushing against each other in their eagerness to escape at the
king’s approach. His Majesty, who was on foot, now appeared at the
entrance, followed by his pages. He waved his hand and called me to
him. Immediately two attendants brought chairs and placed them on the
grass opposite to each other. The king offered me one, and then entered
into conversation with me, while the whole escort and every one near us
remained prostrate on the ground; as far as the eye could reach, not a
soul was standing.
CONVERSATION WITH THE SECOND KING.
“How do you like my city?”[14] asked the king.
[14] The word _city_ is here used to signify the royal palace, its
appurtenances and fortifications.
“Sire, it is splendid, and presents an appearance such as I have never
seen elsewhere.”
“All the palaces and pagodas which you see from here have been built
in one year since my return from Siam: in another year all will be
finished. Formerly Cambodia was very extensive; but the Annamites have
deprived us of many provinces.”
“Sire, the time has arrived for you to retake them. The French are
assailing them on one side; do you attack them on the other.” His
Majesty did not reply, but offered me a cigar, and inquired my age.
“I am twenty-three,” he said to me. “I recognise you; you were at Siam
with M. de Montigny.”
“No, sire; your Majesty is mistaken. I have only been in Siam a
twelvemonth.”
I then sent for an elegant small Minié rifle, which the king’s officers
had examined in the morning, and presented it to him, asking him if he
would deign to accept it. He desired me to load it, which I did. “It is
done, sire,” said I.
“Is it possible? Fire, then.”
He chose for a target a post some way off, and pointed out the place he
wished me to hit. I fired, and immediately his Majesty and the pages
went to satisfy themselves that the aim was true.
“When do you wish to leave Udong?”
“Sire, I should like to depart, the day after to-morrow, for Pinhalu
and the other provinces.”
“If you could remain one day longer, it would give me pleasure.
To-morrow you will dine with me; on the day after I will take you to
see the town of the first king, and in the evening we will have a play.”
The play, I thought, will be curious, and therefore I decided to
remain; and, after I had thanked the king for his kindness to me, he
shook hands with me, and we separated. Evidently I was in high favour.
On the following morning messengers came from the king to place horses
at my disposal, should I be inclined to ride; but the heat was too
great. About four in the afternoon he again did me the honour of
sending a horse to bring me to the palace. I wore a white coat, vest,
and trousers; a helmet made of cork,[15] after the fashion of the
ancient Romans, and covered with white muslin, completed my singular
toilet.
[15] A head-dress excessively light and cool, convenient, and shading
the face and neck from the sun. I strongly recommend it to travellers
in hot countries.
VISIT TO THE SECOND KING.
I was introduced by the chamberlain into one of the king’s private
apartments, a pretty room furnished in the European style. His Majesty
sat waiting for me, smoking, near a table covered with refreshments;
and as soon as I entered he rose, and holding out his hand, and
smiling, he begged me to sit down and begin my repast. I perceived that
he intended, after the manner of the country, to do me honour by being
present at the meal without partaking of it himself.
After introducing me, with much courtesy and friendliness, to his
brother, a young man of fifteen, who was kneeling by his side, the king
said, “I have had this fowl and duck cooked in the European fashion;
tell me if they are to your taste.”
All had been really exceedingly well prepared; the fish, particularly,
was capital.
“Good brandy,” said the king, in English (the only words he knew in
that language), as he pointed to a bottle of cognac. “Drink,” continued
he.
The attendants then placed before me jellies and exquisitely preserved
fruits, bananas, and excellent mangoes. Afterwards tea was served, of
which the king also partook, having first offered me a Manilla cigar.
He then wound up a musical-box, and put it on the table. The first air
gave me great pleasure, all the more because I was unprepared to hear
it in a royal palace. It was the _Marseillaise_. The king took my start
and look of astonishment for admiration. “Do you know that air?” he
asked.
“Yes, sire.”
Then followed another scarcely less familiar, the air of the Girondins,
_Mourir pour la patrie_.
“Do you also know that?”
As an answer, I accompanied the air with the words. “Does your Majesty
like this air?” I inquired.
“Not so well as the first.”
“Your Majesty is right; most European sovereigns have the same taste.”
“Napoleon, for instance?”
“Napoleon, particularly.”
My Annamite was with me, and filled the office of interpreter, with
a perfect tact which pleased the king. The young prince now asked
permission to retire, and saluted his brother by bowing to the earth
and raising his clasped hands above his head. The king desired him to
return the next morning, and accompany us to the palace of the first
king; and the prince, passing out into the courtyard, was lifted
astride on the shoulders of an attendant, and carried to his palace.
His Majesty then displayed to me his European furniture, mahogany
tables covered with china vases and other ornaments of a commonplace
description; above all, he pointed out, as worthy of notice, two old
looking-glasses in gilt frames, a sofa, and various similar articles.
“I am but beginning,” said he; “in a few years my palace will be
beautiful.”
He afterwards took me into his garden, where were some rare and curious
plants, and a miniature artificial rock. Then, on returning to the
sitting-room, he conducted me past the inmates of his seraglio, at
least a hundred in number, whom curiosity had brought out to gaze at
the stranger.
“You are the first foreigner who has ever been admitted here,” he said
to me. “In Cambodia, as in Siam, no one but the people on duty can
penetrate into the king’s private apartments.”
THE SECOND KING.
I thanked him for the honour he had done me, and took leave. He told me
to ask for all I wanted, and he would refuse no request. The only thing
I desired was to have my journey facilitated; and to this end I begged
him to furnish me with letters to the chiefs of the different provinces
of his dominions, and one or two elephants. This he promised to do.
This young sovereign is the presumptive heir to the crown. His father,
who owes his throne to the King of Siam, is not permitted by that
monarch to leave his own country; and as a guarantee of his fidelity,
one or two of his sons have always been retained as hostages at the
Siamese Court. It was thus that the young king passed many years at
Bangkok, where, doubtless, he learnt the art of government, and whence
he was not allowed to return to his own kingdom till it was apparent
that he would prove a submissive and obedient tributary. Another
brother, a prince of twenty-one, paid me a visit at night, unknown to
his relatives, hoping to receive a present. He was very childish for
his age, and wanted everything he saw; he was, however, gentle and
amiable, and of superior manners.
[Illustration:
Drawn by M. Janet Lange, from a Photograph.
A PAGE OF THE KING OF CAMBODIA.]
AGAIN SUMMONED TO THE PALACE.
The next morning the king sent for me at ten o’clock. I found him
seated on a sofa in the reception-hall, giving orders to his pages
about the order of march to be observed in going and returning. When
all was ready, he entered a sedan-chair or palanquin magnificently
carved and painted. His head and feet were bare, his hair cut in the
Siamese fashion, and he wore a superb langouti of yellow silk, with
a girdle of the same material, but of a lighter shade. The palanquin
was borne on the shoulders of four attendants, and another held up an
enormous red parasol with a gilt handle upwards of twelve feet long.
The youngest prince, carrying the king’s sabre, walked beside him; I
was on the other side, and his Majesty often turned towards me to point
out any striking object, and trying to read in my face what I thought
of the effect produced on the people by his appearance. He sat in a
careless attitude, one leg hanging out of the palanquin, and with his
elbow resting on the morocco cushions.
A ROYAL PROCESSION.
At the approach of the procession all the collected population bowed
themselves to the ground. In front marched three lictors, bearing in
their hands bundles of rattans (the emblems of power); behind the
palanquin came, two and two, the chamberlains and pages, numbering
more than thirty, all dressed in red, and bearing on their shoulders
pikes, sabres, or guns in cases. In this order we arrived at the outer
entrance of the palace of the first king.
His Majesty here descended from his palanquin, and, still in the
same order of march, we proceeded along an avenue about half a mile
in length, planted with young trees, and bounded on either side by a
wooden fence. The ground slopes gradually from hence, and is laid out
in gardens and lawns, encircling which are a hundred little cottages
with walls of clay and thatched roofs. “All these houses are inhabited
by my father’s wives; there is not a man in them,” said the young king.
THE PALACE.
Farther on was a lake surrounded with rich and luxuriant verdure. On
its banks, buried in foliage, which is reflected in the clear water,
stands the royal residence, part of which is of bamboo, the rest being
whitewashed. We went through several apartments, in which poor Annamite
women were weaving silk, and, after passing in front of the treasury
and the king’s magazines, finally reached a vast hall which, here, is
peculiarly called the palace. The interior does not come up to what
might be expected from an outside view. It is stocked like a bazaar
with glass bottles, vases filled with artificial flowers and covered
by glass shades, cushions of all colours and sizes, boxes, slippers,
old sofas, looking-glasses, washing-stands, and a variety of European
articles, piled upon tables and shelves, and on the floor. As the
young king was to spend the day at the palace, he now dismissed me,
appointing one of his chamberlains to escort me home.
THE PLAY.
A little after sunset the people collected in crowds to witness the
play which was to be performed on the king’s return, expected at seven
o’clock. The multitude was so dense that not a single inch of ground in
the courtyard was unoccupied, and the walls, even, were all covered. At
these festivities the people are apparently permitted to depart from
the customary posture of humility, for every one was seated in Oriental
fashion. The play was simply a phantasmagoria tolerably well managed,
and accompanied by music more noisy than harmonious; but which appeared
perfectly to satisfy the public.
[Illustration:
Drawn by M. Bocourt, from a Photograph.
A NATIVE ACTRESS.]