_#_Language: Swahili and English (official); English primary language
of commerce, administration, and higher education; Swahili widely
understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups;
first language of most people is one of the local languages; primary
education is generally in Swahili
_#_Literacy: 46% (male 62%, female 31%) age 15 and over can
read and write (1978)
_#_Labor force: 732,200 wage earners; 90% agriculture, 10% industry
and commerce (1986 est.)
_#_Organized labor: 15% of labor force
_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: United Republic of Tanzania
_#_Type: republic
_#_Capital: Dar es Salaam; some government offices have been
transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital in
the 1990s
_#_Administrative divisions: 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam,
Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro,
Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma,
Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar
North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi
_#_Independence: Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from
UN trusteeship under British administration); Zanzibar became independent
19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964
to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United
Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
_#_Constitution: 15 March 1984 (Zanzibar has its own Constitution but
remains subject to provisions of the union Constitution)
_#_Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
_#_National holiday: Union Day, 26 April (1964)
_#_Executive branch: president, first vice president and prime
minister of the union, second vice president and president of Zanzibar,
Cabinet
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)
_#_Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State--President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November
1985); First Vice President John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990);
Second Vice President Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990);
Head of Government--Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9
November 1990)
_#_Political parties and leaders: only party--Chama Cha MAPINDUZI
(CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI, party chairman
_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18
_#_Elections:
President--last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held
October 1995);
results--Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition;
National Assembly--last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held
October 1995);
results--CCM is the only party;
seats--(241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168
_#_Communists: no Communist party; a few Communist sympathizers
_#_Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-6, G-77,
GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador-designate Charles Musama
NYIRABU; Chancery at 2139 R Street NW, Washington DC 20008;
telephone (202) 939-6125;
US--Ambassador Edmund DE JARNETTE; Embassy at 36 Laibon Road (off
Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam (mailing address is P. O. Box 9123,
Dar es Salaam); telephone [255] (51) 37501 through 37504
_#_Flag: divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the
lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the
lower triangle is blue
_*_Economy
_#_Overview: Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world.
The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about
47% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force.
Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing
agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic
recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in
agricultural production and financial support for the program by
bilateral donors. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have
increased the availability of imports and provided funds to rehabilitate
Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure.
_#_GDP: $5.92 billion, per capita $240; real growth rate 4.3%
(FY89 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 31.2 (1989)
_#_Unemployment rate: NA%
_#_Budget: revenues $495 million; expenditures $631 million,
including capital expenditures of $118 million (FY90)
_#_Exports: $380 million (f.o.b., 1989);
commodities--coffee, cotton, sisal, tea, cashew nuts, meat,
tobacco, diamonds, coconut products, pyrethrum, cloves (Zanzibar);
partners--FRG, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US
_#_Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1989);
commodities--manufactured goods, machinery and transportation
equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs;
partners--FRG, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark
_#_External debt: $5.8 billion (December 1990 est.)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 4.2% (1988); accounts for
8% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 401,000 kW capacity; 895 million kWh produced,
35 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer,
cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement,
textiles, wood products, fertilizer
_#_Agriculture: accounts for over 40% of GDP; topography and climatic
conditions limit cultivated crops to only 5% of land area; cash
crops--coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from
chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar); food crops--corn,
wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, and vegetables; small numbers of cattle,
sheep, and goats; not self-sufficient in food grain production
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-88), $9.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million
_#_Currency: Tanzanian shilling (plural--shillings);
1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents
_#_Exchange rates: Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1--196.60
(January 1991), 195.06 (1990), 143.377 (1989), 99.292 (1988), 64.260
(1987), 32.698 (1986), 17.472 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
_*_Communications
_#_Railroads: 3,555 km total; 960 km 1.067-meter gauge; 2,595 km
1.000-meter gauge, 6.4 km double track, 962 km Tazara Railroad
1.067-meter gauge; 115 km 1.000-meter gauge planned by end of decade
_#_Highways: total 81,900 km, 3,600 km paved; 5,600 km gravel or
crushed stone; remainder improved and unimproved earth
_#_Pipelines: 982 km crude oil
_#_Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa
_#_Ports: Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga, and Zanzibar are ocean ports;
Mwanza on Lake Victoria and Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika are inland ports
_#_Merchant marine: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,784
GRT/25,860 DWT; includes 2 passenger-cargo, 3 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off
cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker
_#_Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 105 total, 93 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways;
none with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
44 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: fair system of open wire, radio relay, and
troposcatter; 103,800 telephones; stations--12 AM, 4 FM, 2 TV; 1
Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: Tanzanian People's Defense Force (TPDF; including Army,
Navy, and Air Force); paramilitary Police Field Force Unit; Militia
_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 5,545,022; 3,200,744 fit for
military service
_#_Defense expenditures: $111 million, 3.9% of GDP (1988)
_%_
_@_Thailand
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 514,000 km2; land area: 511,770 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming
_#_Land boundaries: 4,863 km total; Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km,
Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km
_#_Coastline: 3,219 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;