_#_Climate: tropical; little seasonal temperature variation;
rainy season (May to November)
_#_Terrain: volcanic, mountainous; Soufriere volcano on the island
of Saint Vincent
_#_Natural resources: negligible
_#_Land use: arable land 38%; permanent crops 12%; meadows and
pastures 6%; forest and woodland 41%; other 3%; includes irrigated
3%
_#_Environment: subject to hurricanes; Soufriere volcano is a
constant
threat
_#_Note: some islands of the Grenadines group are administered by
Grenada
_*_People
_#_Population: 114,221 (July 1991), growth rate 1.4% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 27 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 6 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: - 7 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 31 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 68 years male, 72 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 2.8 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s);
adjectives--Saint Vincentian or Vincentian
_#_Ethnic divisions: mainly of black African descent; remainder mixed,
with some white, East Indian, Carib Indian
_#_Religion: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Seventh-Day
Adventist
_#_Language: English, some French patois
_#_Literacy: 96% (male 96%, female 96%) age 15 and over having ever
attended school (1970)
_#_Labor force: 67,000 (1984 est.)
_#_Organized labor: 10% of labor force
_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: none
_#_Type: constitutional monarchy
_#_Capital: Kingstown
_#_Administrative divisions: 6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines,
Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick
_#_Independence: 27 October 1979 (from UK)
_#_Constitution: 27 October 1979
_#_Legal system: based on English common law
_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1979)
_#_Executive branch: British monarch, governor general, prime
minister, Cabinet
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly
_#_Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor General David JACK (since 29 Septermber 1989);
Head of Government--Prime Minister James F. MITCHELL (since 30 July
1984)
_#_Political parties and leaders:
New Democratic Party (NDP), James (Son) MITCHELL;
Saint Vincent Labor Party (SVLP), Vincent BEACH;
United People's Movement (UPM), Adrian SAUNDERS;
Movement for National Unity (MNU), Ralph GONSALVES;
National Reform Party (NRP), Joel MIGUEL
_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18
_#_Elections:
House of Assembly--last held 16 May 1989
(next to be held July 1994);
results--percent of vote by party NA;
seats--(21 total; 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators)
NDP 15
_#_Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO,
ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, OAS, OECS,
UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO
_#_Diplomatic representation: none
_#_Flag: three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double
width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a
V pattern
_*_Economy
_#_Overview: Agriculture, dominated by banana production, is the most
important sector of the economy. The services sector, based mostly on
a growing tourist industry, is also important. The economy continues to
have a high unemployment rate of 30% because of an overdependence on the
weather-plagued banana crop as a major export earner. Government progress
toward diversifying into new industries has been relatively unsuccessful.
_#_GDP: $146 million, per capita $1,315; real growth rate 5.9%
(1989 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.6% (1989)
_#_Unemployment rate: 30% (1989 est.)
_#_Budget: revenues $62 million; expenditures $67 million,
including capital expenditures of $21 million (FY90 est.)
_#_Exports: $74.6 million (f.o.b., 1989);
commodities--bananas 45%, eddoes and dasheen (taro), sweet
potatoes, spices, light manufactures;
partners--UK 43%, CARICOM 37%, US 15%
_#_Imports: $127.5 million (c.i.f., 1989);
commodities--foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and
fertilizers, minerals and fuels;
partners--US 42%, CARICOM 19%, UK 15%
_#_External debt: $42.2 million (FY89)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 0% (1989); accounts for 14%
of GDP
_#_Electricity: 16,600 kW capacity; 64 million kWh produced,
570 kWh per capita (1990)
_#_Industries: food processing (sugar, flour), cement, furniture,
clothing, starch, sheet metal, beverage
_#_Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GDP and 60% of labor force;
provides bulk of exports; products--bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes,
spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, hogs, goats; small fish catch
used locally
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $11
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-88), $76 million
_#_Currency: East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars);
1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents
_#_Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed
rate since 1976)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year (as of January 1991); previously
1 July-30 June
_*_Communications
_#_Highways: about 1,000 km total; 300 km paved; 400 km improved;
300 km unimproved
_#_Ports: Kingstown
_#_Merchant marine: 242 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,855,061
GRT/2,919,872 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 132 cargo,
11 container, 15 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 9 refrigerated cargo,
13 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker,
4 liquefied gas, 44 bulk, 6 combination bulk, 1 vehicle carrier;
note--China owns 3 ships; a flag of convenience registry
_#_Civil air: no major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 6 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways;
none with runways over 2,439 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: islandwide fully automatic telephone system;
6,500 telephones; VHF/UHF interisland links to Barbados and the
Grenadines; new SHF links to Grenada and Saint Lucia;
stations--2 AM, no FM, 1 TV (cable)
_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force,
Coast Guard
_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 28,339; NA fit for military
service
_#_Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
_%_
_@_San Marino
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 60 km2; land area: 60 km2
_#_Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
_#_Land boundary: 39 km with Italy
_#_Coastline: none--landlocked
_#_Maritime claims: none--landlocked
_#_Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
_#_Terrain: rugged mountains
_#_Natural resources: building stones
_#_Land use: arable land 17%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 83%
_#_Environment: dominated by the Appenines
_#_Note: landlocked; world's smallest republic; enclave of Italy
_*_People
_#_Population: 23,264 (July 1991), growth rate 0.6% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 8 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 5 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 79 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 1.3 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Sanmarinese (sing. and pl.);
adjective--Sanmarinese
_#_Ethnic divisions: Sanmarinese, Italian
_#_Religion: Roman Catholic
_#_Language: Italian
_#_Literacy: 96% (male 96%, female 95%) age 14 and over can
read and write (1976)
_#_Labor force: about 4,300
_#_Organized labor: Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers
(affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated
General Federation of Labor, 1,400 members
_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: Republic of San Marino
_#_Type: republic
_#_Capital: San Marino
_#_Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli,
singular--castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano,
Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
_#_Independence: 301 AD (by tradition)
_#_Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of
the functions of a constitution
_#_Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law
influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
_#_National holiday: Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic,
3 September
_#_Executive branch: two captains regent, Congress of State (cabinet);
real executive power is wielded by the secretary of state for foreign
affairs and the secretary of state for internal affairs
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral Great and General Council (Consiglio
Grande e Generale)
_#_Judicial branch: Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
_#_Leaders:
Co-Chiefs of State--Captain Regent Aldamiro BARTOLINI and
Captain Regent Ottaviano ROSSI (since 1 April 1990);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Gabriele GATTI (since July
1986)
_#_Political parties and leaders:
Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Gabriele GATTI;
San Marino Democratic Progressive Party (PPDS) formerly San Marino
Communist Party (PCS), Gilberto GHIOTTI;
San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Remy GIACOMINI;
Democratic Movement (MD), Emilio Della BALDA;
San Marino Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Augusto CASALI;
San Marino Republican Party (PRS), Cristoforo BUSCARINI
_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18
_#_Elections:
Grand and General Council--last held 29 May 1988
(next to be held by May 1993);
results--percent of vote by party NA;
seats--(60 total) DCS 27, PCS 18, PSU 8, PSS 7
_#_Communists: about 300 members
_#_Other political parties or pressure groups: political parties
influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy
_#_Member of: CE, CSCE, ICAO, ICFTU, ILO, IMF (observer), IOC, IOM
(observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM (guest), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU,
WHO, WTO
_#_Diplomatic representation: San Marino maintains honorary
Consulates General in Washington and New York, and an honorary Consulate
in Detroit;
US--no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence
(Italy) is accredited to San Marino; Consulate General at
Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci, 38, 50123 Firenze, Italy (mailing address is
APO New York 09019-0007); telephone [39] (55) 239-8276 through 8279 and
217-605
_#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue
with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat
of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a
wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS
(Liberty)
_*_Economy
_#_Overview: More than 2 million tourists visit each year,
contributing about 60% to GDP. The sale of postage stamps to foreign
collectors is another important income producer. The manufacturing sector
employs nearly 40% of the labor force and agriculture less than 4%. The
per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to
northern Italy.
_#_GDP: $393 million, per capita $17,000; real growth rate 2%
(1990 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6% (1990)
_#_Unemployment rate: 6.5% (1985)
_#_Budget: revenues $99.2 million; expenditures $NA, including
capital expenditures of $NA (1983)
_#_Exports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;
commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime,
wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide
variety of consumer manufactures
_#_Imports: see _#_Exports
_#_External debt: $NA
_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%
_#_Electricity: supplied by Italy
_#_Industries: wine, olive oil, cement, leather, textile, tourist
_#_Agriculture: employs less than 4% of labor force; products--wheat,
grapes, corn, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs,
horses; depends on Italy for food imports
_#_Economic aid: NA
_#_Currency: Italian lira (plural--lire);
1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi; also mints its own coins
_#_Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1--1,134.4 (January
1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987),
1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*_Communications
_#_Highways: 104 km
_#_Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 11,700 telephones;
stations--no AM, 20 FM, no TV; radio relay and cable links into Italian
networks; no communication satellite facilities
_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: public security or police force of less than 50 people
_#_Manpower availability: all fit men ages 16-60 constitute a militia
that can serve as an army
_#_Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
_%_
_@_Sao Tome and Principe
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 960 km2; land area: 960 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly less than 5.5 times the size of
Washington, DC
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 209 km
_#_Maritime claims: (measured from claimed archipelagic baselines);
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;