Marquis de Chastellux.

The Marquis de Chastellux, counted in France a clever historian, is

considered by us as a traveler, for he was one of the earliest French

travelers in North America and, on his return to France, published a book

entitled "Travels in North America in the years 1780, 1781 and 1782, by the

Marquis de Chastellux, one of the Forty Members of the French Academy, and

Major General in the French Army, serving under the Count de Rochambeau."

This book was published in 1787 in London. In it we find the most graphic

descriptions of the soldiers and officers of the Revolution, of West Point

in its character of a military outpost; of the road between it and

Morristown; of the beauty and grandeur of the Hudson River, as it burst for

the first time upon his vision; of several interviews, visits and dinners

with Washington and Lafayette, always giving his impressions in a unique

and original way and with a sprinkle of humor which keeps a continuous

smile upon the lips of the reader as he progresses in this remarkable

narrative. It is really most difficult to choose from this fascinating

book, for the short space we can allow.

In speaking of his arrival here he refers to the _Arnold Tavern_, which may

still be seen, removed from its original location but restored with great

care, (though enlarged), and is now standing on Mt. Kemble Avenue, the old

"Baskingridge Road" of the Revolution. He says:

"I intended stopping at Morris Town only to bait my horses, for it was only

half past two, but on entering the inn of Mr. Arnold, I saw a dining room

adorned with looking glasses and handsome mahogany furniture and a table

spread for twelve persons. I learnt that all this preparation was for me

and what affected me more nearly was to see a dinner corresponding with the

appearances, ready to serve up. I was indebted for this to the goodness of

General Washington and the precautions of Colonel Moyland who had sent

before to acquaint them with my arrival. It would have been very

ungenerous to have accepted this dinner at the expenses of Mr. Arnold who

is an honest man and a good Whig and who has not a particle in common with

Benedict Arnold; it would have been still more awkward to have paid for the

banquet without eating it. I therefore instantly determined to dine and

sleep in this comfortable inn. The Vicomte de Noailles, the Comte de Damas,

&c., were expected to make up the dozen."

Chastellux apparently came as a passing traveler and seems to have been

induced to prolong his stay and during that time gives us very graphic and

interesting glimpses, to which we have referred, of the General and his

officers, dinners at which he was present, reviews of troops, the army

itself and its condition, with passing reflections about the country and

the manners and customs of the time. Among the latter remarks, he observes:

"Here, as in England, by _gentleman_ is understood a person possessing a

considerable _freehold_, or land of his own." Of the officers, he says:

"I must observe on this occasion the General Officers of the American Army

have a very military and a very becoming carriage; that even all the

officers, whose characters were brought into public view, unite much

politeness to a great deal of capacity; that the headquarters of this army,

in short, neither present the image of want nor inexperience. When one sees

the battalion of the General's Guards encamped within the precincts of his

house; nine waggons, destined to carry his baggage, ranged in his court; a

great number of grooms taking care of very fine horses belonging to the

General Officers and their Aides de Camp; when one observes the perfect

order that reigns within these precincts, where the guards are exactly

stationed, and where the drums beat an alarm, and a particular retreat, one

is tempted to apply to the Americans what Pyrrhus said of the Romans:

_Truly these people have nothing barbarous in their discipline._"

Of his coming to Morristown, he says: "I pursued my journey, sometimes

through fine woods at others through well cultivated lands and villages

inhabited by Dutch families. One of these villages, which forms a little

township bears the beautiful name of _Troy_. Here the country is more open

and continues so to _Morris-Town_. This town celebrated by the winter

quarters of 1779, is about three and twenty miles from Peakness, the name

of the headquarters from whence I came: It is situated on a height, at the

foot of which runs the rivulet called Vipenny River; the houses are

handsome and well built, there are about sixty or eighty round the

meeting-house."

The Marquis tells of his reception at the Camp of Lafayette and, in giving

us his picture, he gives us also what is of value to us in this day,--a

Frenchman's impression of Lafayette in America:

"Whilst they were making this slight repast, I went to see the Camp of the

_Marquis_, it is thus they call M. de La Fayette: the English language

being fond of abridgments and titles uncommon in America."

Here, our eye is attracted to a note of the Translator, (an Englishman

residing in America,)--who says, with much more besides: "It is impossible

to paint the esteem and affection with which this French nobleman is

regarded in America. It is to be surpassed only by the love of their

illustrious chief."

"The rain appearing to cease," continues the Marquis, "or inclined to cease

for a moment, we availed ourselves of the opportunity to follow his

Excellency to the Camp of the Marquis; we found all his troops in order of

battle, on the heights on the left, and himself at their head; expressing

by his air and countenance, that he was happier in receiving me there, than

at his estate in Auvergne. The confidence and attachment of the troops, are

for him invaluable possessions, well acquired riches, of which no body can

deprive him; but what, in my opinion, is still more flattering for a young

man of his age, is the influence, the consideration he has acquired amongst

the political, as well as the military order; I do not fear contradictions

when I say that private letters from him have frequently produced more

effect on some states than the strongest exhortations of the Congress. On

seeing him one is at a loss which most to admire, that so young a man as he

should have given such eminent proofs of talents, or that a man so tried,

should give hopes of so long a career of glory."

His impression of the Hudson at West Point, will interest us all:

"I continued my journey in the woods, in a road hemmed in on both sides by

very steep hills which seemed admirably adapted for the dwelling of bears,

and where, in fact, they often make their appearance in Winter. We availed

ourselves at length of a less difficult part of these mountains to turn to

the westward and approach the river but which is still invisible.

Descending them slowly, at the turning of the road, my eyes were struck

with the most magnificent picture I had ever beheld. It was a view of the

North River, running in a deep channel, formed by the mountains, through

which, in former ages it had forced its passage. The fort of West Point and

the formidable batteries which defend it fix the attention on the Western

bank, but on lifting your eyes, you behold on every side lofty summits,

thick set with redoubts and batteries."

One more passage we must give in this day of Morristown's horsemanship; in

this year of '92 when all young Morristown is jumping fences and ditches

in pursuit of the fox or the fox's representative. It is Chastellux's

reference to Washington's horsemanship:

"The weather being fair, on the 26th I got on horseback, after breakfasting

with the General. He was so attentive as to give me the horse he rode on

the day of my arrival, which I had greatly commended; I found him as good

as he is handsome; but above all perfectly well broke, and well trained,

having a good mouth, easy in hand, and stopping short in a gallop without

bearing the bit. I mention these minute particulars, because it is the

General himself who breaks all his own horses; and he is a very excellent

and bold horseman, leaping the highest fences, and going extremely quick,

without standing upon his stirrups, bearing on the bridle, or letting his

horse run wild; circumstances which our young men look upon as so essential

a part of English horsemanship, that they would rather break a leg or an

arm than renounce them."

John L. Stephens.

Over fifty years ago, a traveler in Central America, Mr. John L. Stephens,

records a curious and interesting allusion to Morristown, which we give

below, from one of his two volumes of "Incidents of Travel in Central

America and Yucatan"; 12th Edition; published in 1856. He says:

"In the midst of the war rumours, the next day, which was Sunday, was one

of the most quiet I passed in Central America. It was at the hacienda of

Dr. Drivon, about a league from Zonzonate. This was one of the finest

haciendas in the country. The doctor had imported a large sugar mill, which

was not yet set up, and was preparing to manufacture sugar upon a larger

scale than any other planter in the country. He was from the island of St.

Lucie and, before settling in this out-of-the-way place, had travelled

extensively in Europe and the West India Islands and knew America from

Halifax to Cape Horn, but surprised me by saying that he looked forward to

a cottage in Morristown, New Jersey, as the consummation of his wishes."

Hon. Charles S. Washburn.

Mr. Washburn who lived for several years in Morristown, was the brother of

our late Minister to France. His most popular work is "The History of

Paraguay," in two volumes, written while he was Commissioner and Minister

Resident of the United States at Asuncion from 1861 to 1868. The writer may

truly add on his title page, "Reminiscences of Diplomacy under

Difficulties." As is well known, Mr. Washburn was minister to Paraguay

under Lopez, one of the three most noted tyrants of South America, whose

character is admirably brought out in this history of the country. His

description of Lopez is most graphic. The work is so exhaustive that we get

up from it with a feeling, "We know Paraguay". Besides this "History of

Paraguay", Mr. Washburn has also written "Gomery of Montgomery", in two

volumes and "Political Evolution from Poverty to Competence".

At the close of the first volume, we find a masterly summing up of the

singular character of Lopez, in these words:

"Previous to the death of Lopez, history furnishes no example of a tyrant

so despicable and cruel that at his fall he left no friend among his own

people; no apologist or defender, no follower or participant of his

infamies, to utter one word in palliation of his crimes; no one to regret

his death, or who cherished the least spark of love for his person or his

memory; no one to utter a prayer for the repose of his soul. In this

respect, Lopez had surpassed all tyrants who ever lived. No sooner was he

dead, than all alike, the officer high in command, the subaltern who

applied the torture, the soldier who passively obeyed, the mother who bore

him, and the sisters who once loved him, all joined in denouncing him as an

unparalleled monster; and of the whole Paraguayan nation there is perhaps

not one of the survivors who does not curse his name, and ascribe to his

folly, selfishness, ambition and cruelty all the evils that his unhappy

country has suffered. Not a family remains which does not charge him with

having destroyed the larger part of its members and reduced the survivors

to misery and want. Of all those who were within reach of his death-dealing

hand during the last years of his power, there are but two persons living

to say a word in mitigation of the judgment pronounced against him by his

countrymen and country-women."

General Joseph Warren Revere.

The late General Revere, one of Morristown's old and well-known residents,

wrote, at the close of his military and naval career, a graphic and

interesting book of travels entitled "Keel and Saddle; a Retrospect of

Forty Years of Military and Naval Service"; published in 1872 by James R.

Osgood of Boston. Another book appeared later, called "A Tour of Duty in

California."

General Revere tells us in "Keel and Saddle" that he entered the United

States Navy at the age of fourteen years as a midshipman and, after a short

term spent at the Naval School at the New York Navy Yard, he sailed on his

first cruise to the Pacific Ocean on board the frigate "Guerriere",

"bearing the pennant of Com. Charles C. B. Thompson, in the summer of the

year 1828." For three years he served in the Pacific Squadron. After

cruising in many waters and experiencing the various vicissitudes of naval

life, in 1832 he passed his examination for lieutenant and sailed in the

frigate "Constitution" for France.

During this Mediterranean cruise, when he made his first visit to Rome, he

saw Madame Letitia, mother of the first Napoleon, by whom he was received

with a small party of American officers. We shall give this scene as he

describes it.

In this book, "Keel and Saddle", (page 140) occurs a very fine description

of a great oceanic disturbance known to mariners in Southern seas as a

"comber", or great wave. Suddenly encountered, it causes the destruction of

many vessels.

Of Madame Letitia, in 1832 he writes as follows:

"Madame Mere or Madame Letitia, as she was usually called, being requested

to grant an interview to a small party of American officers, of which I was

one, graciously assented, and fixed a day for the reception at the palace

she occupied.

"Repairing thither at the hour appointed, after a short detention in a

spacious ante-chamber, we were ushered into one of those lofty saloons

common to Italian palaces, handsomely, not gorgeously furnished, and

opening by spacious windows into a beautiful garden. There, with her back

towards the subdued light from the windows, we saw an elderly lady

reclining on a sofa, in a graceful attitude of repose. She was attended by

three ladies, who all remained standing during our visit. In the recess of

one of the windows, on a tall pedestal of antique marble, stood a

magnificent bust of the emperor; while upon the walls of the saloon, in

elegant frames, were hung the portraits of her children, all of whom had

been kings and queens--of royal rank though not of royal lineage. Madame

Letitia received us with perfect courtesy, without rising from her

reclining position; motioning us gracefully to seats with a polite gesture

of a hand and arm still of noble contour and dazzling whiteness. It was

easy to see where the emperor got his small white hands, of which he was so

vain, as we are told; while the classic regularity of his well-known

features was clearly traceable in the lineaments of the lady before us. Her

head was covered with a cap of lace; and her somewhat haughty but

expressive face, beaming with intelligence, was framed in clustering curls

_a l'antique_. Her eyes were brilliant, large and piercing, (I think they

could hardly have been more so in her youth); and the lines of her mouth

and chin gave an expression of firmness, courage and determination to a

fine physiognomy perfectly in character with the historical antecedents and

attributes of Letitia Ramolini. Of the rest of her dress, we saw but

little; her bust being covered by a lace handkerchief crossed over the

bosom, and her dark silk robe partially concealed by a superb cashmere

shawl thrown over the lower part of her person. She opened the conversation

by making some complimentary remark about our country; asking after her son

Joseph, who resided then at Bordentown, N. J.; and seemed pleased at

receiving news of him from one of our party, who had seen him not long

before. She asked this officer whether the King (_le roi d'Espagne_) still

resembled the portrait in her possession which was a very fine one; and

upon our asking permission to examine the bust of the emperor, the greatest

of her sons, told us that it was considered a fine work of art, it being,

indeed, from the chisel of Canova; adding, I fancied with a little sigh of

melancholy, 'Il resemble beaucoup a l'empereur.' After some further

commonplaces, she signified in the most delicate and dignified manner, more

by looks than by words, addressed to the ladies of our party, referring to

her rather weak state of health, that the interview should terminate; and,

having made our obeisance, we left her."

Henry Day.

In 1874, an interesting volume of travels appeared, entitled "A Lawyer

Abroad. What to See and How to See: by Henry Day, of the Bar of New York."

Mr. Day's house "On the Hill", with its superb view, is occupied only in

summer; but year after year, with the birds and the spring sunshine, he

returns to us from his home in New York, so he is thoroughly associated

with Morristown. His book, unlike a large majority of "Travels" is not

merely a "Tourist's Guide" or a series of descriptive sketches hung

together by commonplace reflections, and interlarded with meaningless

drawing-room or roadside dialogue.

Evidently, it is written with a high purpose and it is rich in valuable

information concerning men and things, as if the writer himself were in

living touch with the best interests of humanity whether found in the

cities of Egypt, among the learned and polished minds of Edinburgh or in

the Wynds of Glasgow, of which he so graphically says:

"They are now long filthy, airless lanes, packed with buildings on each

side and each building packed with human beings; and, geographically as

well as morally they receive the drainage of all the surrounding city of

Glasgow."

Here it was in the old Tron Church that Dr. Chalmers did his finest

preaching and his most effective practical work. Mr. Day has an evident

loving sympathy with the great Scotch preacher, quite apart from the

intellectual qualities of his gigantic mind. In these few condensed pages,

Mr. Day has given us a more compact idea of Dr. Chalmer's work than may be

found in many elaborated chapters of his life.

The chapter upon "The Lawyers and Judges of England" is one of exceptional

interest to those in the profession, as well as to those out of it, and

this is one unique quality of the book--that we have given to us the

impressions of a traveler from a lawyer's standpoint, not only in England,

but in Ireland, Scotland, France, Germany, Holland, Switzerland, Greece,

Turkey, Egypt and the Holy Land. And, not only from a lawyer's standpoint

does he see the world, but evidently from the standpoint of a man of high

general culture whose spiritual and religious sentiments and principles

enlighten and illuminate his understanding.

In the chapter on "The Early Life of Great Men", speaking of Edinburgh, he

says:

"Everything gives you the feeling that you are among the most learned and

polished minds of the present and past generations. It is not business or

wealth that has given to Edinburgh its prominence. It is learning; it is

its great men."

One of Mr. Day's finest descriptions is found in his chapter on the Nile.

In 1877 this author published, through Putnams' Sons, a book having the

title "From the Pyrenees to the Pillars of Hercules", giving sketches of

scenery, art and life in Spain.

Mr. Day has also written a good deal for a few years past for publication

in the _New York Evangelist_ on the great questions now agitating the

Presbyterian church, namely, the revision of its creed called "The

Confession of Faith" and also on the Briggs case and the Union Theological

Seminary case. Mr. Day wisely says; "this newspaper writing can hardly be

called authorship although the articles are more important than the

books."

THEOLOGIANS.

Rev. Timothy Johnes, D. D.

Of the historic characters of Morristown, none are more prominent than the

Rev. Dr. Johnes, who began his pastorate in the old Meeting House of

Morristown which was probably reared before his coming. His labors began

August 13th, 1742. He was ordained and installed February 9th, 1743, and

continued pastor through the scenes of the Revolution till his death in

1791. He was the friend of Washington and supported him effectually in many

of the measures he adopted in which his strong influence with the community

was of great weight and value.

It was the daughter of Rev. Dr. Johnes, Theodosia, who married Col. Jacob

Ford, jr., who lived at what is now known as the Washington Headquarters

and offered the hospitality of her mansion to Washington during his second

winter at Morristown. He also offered the Presbyterian church building for

hospital use during the terrible scourge of small-pox,--himself acting as

chief nurse to the soldiers,--and, with his congregation, worshipped for

many months in the open air, on a spot still shown behind his house, on

Morris street, which is standing to-day, and now owned and occupied by Mrs.

Eugene Ayers. It was on this spot, in a natural basin which the

congregation occupied as being somewhat sheltered from the bitter winds of

winter, and which may still be seen, that good Pastor Johnes administered

the Communion to Washington. "This was the only time," says Rev. Dr. Green,

in his "Morristown" in the "History of Morris County", after his entrance

upon his public career, that Washington is certainly known to have partaken

of the Lord's Supper. In _The Record_ for June and August, 1880, we find a

full account of this historic incident. As the Communion time drew near,

Washington sought good Pastor Johnes, we are told, and inquired of him, if

membership of the Presbyterian church was required "As a term of admission

to the ordinance." To this the doctor replied, "ours is not the

Presbyterian table, but the Lord's table, and we hence give the Lord's

invitation to all his followers of whatever name." "On the following

Sabbath," says Dr. Green, "in the cold air, the General was present with

the congregation, assembled in the orchard in the rear of the parsonage",

on the spot before referred to, "and joined with them in the solemn service

of Communion."

In the family of good Pastor Johnes, a granddaughter of whom, Mrs. O. L.

Kirtland, is with us still, the last of a large number of brothers and

sisters, it has been known for generations that they originated in Wales.

We have from Mrs. Kirtland's granddaughter the following interesting

record:

"Rev. Timothy Johnes came to Morristown, N. J., from Southampton about

1742. His great-great-grandfather, Richard Johnes, of Somerset, Eng.,

descended from a younger branch of the Johnes of Dolancotlie in

Caemarthenshire, Wales, came over and settled in Charleston, Mass., in

1630, was made constable, and had 'Mr.' before his name, an honor in those

days. He went to live at Southampton, L. I., in 1644, and he and his

descendants held important positions there for nearly two hundred years.

Burke's _Landed Gentry_ states that the Johnes were descended from Urien

Reged, one of King Arthur's Knights, and who built the Castle Caer Caenin,

and traced descent back to Godebog, King of Britain. But accurate record

must begin at a later date, when William Johnes, in the reign of

Elizabeth, was Commander on the 'Crane' and killed in a battle against the

Spanish Armada."

Rev. Timothy Johnes, D. D., was the great-great-grandson of the first

Johnes who arrived in this country. Rev. Timothy graduated at Yale in 1737;

was born in 1717 and died in 1794. He received many ordination calls while

at Southampton, Long Island, and was perplexed as to which one to accept,

so "he referred the matter, says the great-great-granddaughter before

referred to," to Providence, deciding to accept the next one made. He had

not risen from his knees more than twenty minutes, when two old men came to

his house and asked him to become pastor of a small congregation that had

collected at Morristown, then called by the Indian tongue Rockciticus. When

nearly here, after traveling long in the forest, he inquired of his guides:

"Where is Rockciticus?" "Here and there and every where," was the reply,

and so it was, scattered through the woods.

Of Dr. Johnes' children,--Theodosia, as we have stated, was the hostess of

Washington at the Ford mansion, her home, and now the Washington

Headquarters. Anna, the eldest daughter, married Joseph Lewis and is the

ancestress of one of our distinguished authors, the Rev. Theodore Ledyard

Cuyler, D. D. The daughter of this Anna Lewis, married Charles Morrell and

they occupied the house of Mr. Wm. L. King on Morris St., and there

entertained Lafayette as their guest in the winter of '79 and '80. Their

daughter, Louisa married Ledyard Cuyler and they had a son, Theodore

Ledyard Cuyler, well-known to us and to all the world. Mary Anna, a grand

daughter, married Mr. Williams, of Newburg, and others of the family

followed there. They pronounce the name _John_-es, giving up the long _o_

(Jones), of the old Doctor's sounding of the name. A grandson, Frank, went

west and had a large family who are more or less distinguished in Decatur,

Illinois. They omit the _e_ in the name and call themselves Johns. It is

only in Morristown that the family retain the original spelling of Johnes

and pronunciation of _Jones_.

The son of the old Doctor, William, remained in the old house, and there

brought up a large family of whom the above two, named, were members, also

Mrs. Kirtland, who is still with us, with her daughter and grandchildren,

and Mrs. Alfred Canfield, who long lived among us but has passed away.

One of the old Doctor's sons was named, as we might expect, George

Washington and was the grandfather of Mrs. Theodore Little, and built the

old house on the hill near our beautiful Evergreen Cemetery. This house was

built soon after Washington's occupation of Morristown, and the large place

including the ancient house has lately been sold and will soon be laid out

in streets and lots, as the demand comes from the increasing population of

our city. Fortunate are we to have so many of the old land-marks left to

us!

Mrs. Woodruff, the step-mother, honored and beloved, of Mrs. Whelpley

Dodge, was also a daughter of old Doctor Johnes.

Another son of the old Doctor was Dr. John B. Johnes, who built the house

with columns opposite the old place, still standing, and there he lived and

died, high in his profession, greatly honored and beloved. His daughter

Margaret, was the step-mother of another of our distinguished men and

writers, the Rev. Arthur Mitchell, D. D.

And so we find this ancient family from Wales, the land of the poetic

Celts, and many of whom are yet living in that corner of the world from

which these came, still sending on their influence and maintaining their

high standard of principle and honor, which characterized good Pastor

Johnes, during the fifty-four years of his ministry in Morristown.

Rev. James Richards, D. D.

The Rev. Dr. Richards, who was settled as the third pastor over the First

Church of Morristown, May 1st, 1795, was a theological author, many of

whose sermons and other writings are published, and later, he was professor

of theology in the Auburn theological seminary. Dr. Richards, like Dr.

Johnes, was of Welsh descent. His salary was $440, in quarterly payments,

the use of the parsonage, and firewood. To supplement this income, resort

was had to a "wood-frolick", which was, we are told, a great event in the

parish and to which the men brought the minister's years' supply of fuel

and for which the ladies prepared a supper. The "spinning visit" was

another feature of his pastorate, on which occasion were brought various

amounts of "linen thread, yard and cloth". The thread brought, being not

always of the same texture and size, it was often a puzzle indeed to the

weaver to "make the cloth and finish it alike". At last the meagreness of

this pastor's salary proved so great a perplexity, especially as his

expenses were increasing with his growing family, that he gave up the

problem, and went to Newark, N. J., accepting a call from the First

Presbyterian Church there, from which, after fifteen years, he went as

professor of theology to the Auburn Seminary, where he remained until his

death in 1843.

Rev. Albert Barnes.

Fifth in order of these early divines of the Morristown's First Church, is

the Rev. Albert Barnes. He occupied this pastorate from 1825 to June 1830.

It was here that he preached, in 1829, that remarkable sermon, "The Way of

Salvation", which was the entering wedge that prepared the way for the

unfortunate division among the Presbyterians into the two schools Old and

New, which division and the names attached to each side, it may gladly be

said, came to an end by a happy union of the two branches, a few years ago.

The Rev. Albert Barnes was also a pioneer of the Temperance movement in

Morristown and his eloquence and influence in this cause resulted in the

closing of several distilleries. From Morristown he was called to

Philadelphia, where he passed through his severest trials. It is needless

to mention that he was a voluminous writer and that he has made a

world-wide reputation by his valuable "Notes on the Gospels", so well-known

to all Biblical scholars. Rev. Mr. Henderson of London says: "I consider

Barnes 'Notes on the New Testament' to be one of the most valuable boons

bestowed in these latter days upon the Church of Christ." And the Rev.

David King of Glasgow says: "The primary design of the Rev. Albert Barnes'

books is to furnish Sunday School teachers with plain and simple

explanations of common difficulties."

We are impressed with the rare modesty of so eminent a writer and

distinguished divine when he read that the Rev. Albert Barnes several times

refused the title of "D. D.", from conscientious motives.

Among the celebrated sermons and addresses published by this author was one

very powerful sermon on "The Sovereignty of God", and also an "Address

delivered July 4th, 1827," at the Presbyterian church, Morristown. In the

"Advertisement" or preface, to the former, the author says in pungent

words: "It was written during the haste of a weekly preparation for the

Sabbath and is not supposed to contain anything new on the subject. * * *

The only wonder is that it (the very plain doctrine of the Bible) should

ever have been called in question or disputed--or that in a world where

man's life and peace and hopes, all depend on the truth that GOD REIGNS,

such a doctrine _should have ever needed any demonstration_."

The condition of Morristown when Mr. Barnes came into the pastorate, in

respect of intemperance was almost beyond the power of imagination,

serious, as the evil seems to us at the present day. He found "drinking

customs in vogue and distilleries dotted all over the parish." Fearlessly

he set himself to stem this evil, which indeed he did succeed in arresting

to a large extent. His "Essays on Temperance" are marvellous productions,

as full of fire and energy and the power of conviction to-day as when first

issued from the press, and these addresses were so powerful in their effect

on the community that "soon," says our historian, Rev. Dr. Green,

"seventeen (of the 19) distilleries were closed and not long after his

departure, the fires of the other two went out."

In the course of one of his arguments, he says: "There are many, flitting

in pleasure at an imagined rather than a real distance, who may be saved

from entering the place of the wretched dying, and of the horrid dead. Here

I wish to take my stand. I wish to tell the mode in which men become

abandoned. In the language of a far better moralist and reprover than I am

(Dr. Lyman Beecher), I wish to lay down a chart of this way to destruction,

and to rear a monument of warning upon every spot where a wayfaring man

has been ensnared and destroyed.

"I commence with the position that no man probably ever became designedly a

drunkard. I mean that no man ever sat down coolly and looked at the redness

of eyes, the haggardness of aspect, the weakness of limbs, the nausea of

stomach, the profaneness and obscenity and babbling of a drunkard and

deliberately desired all these. I shall be slow to believe that it is in

human nature to wish to plunge into all this wretchedness. Why is it then

that men become drunkards? I answer it is because the vice steals on them

silently. It fastens on them unawares, and they find themselves wallowing

in all this corruption, before they think of danger."

The power and beauty of Mr. Barnes' most celebrated sermon on "The Way of

Salvation", impresses the reader, from page to page. Towards the close, he

says:

FROM "THE PLAN OF SALVATION."

"The scheme of salvation, I regard, as offered to the _world_, as free as

the light of heaven, or the rains that burst on the mountains, or the full

swelling of broad rivers and streams, or the heavings of the deep. And

though millions do not receive it--though in regard to them the benefits of

the plan are lost, and to them, in a certain sense, the plan may be said

to be in vain, yet I see in this the hand of the same God that pours the

rays of noonday on barren sands and genial showers on desert rocks, and

gives life, bubbling springs and flowers, where no man is in _our_ eyes,

yet not to _His, in vain_. So is the offer of eternal life, to every man

here, to every man everywhere, sincere and full--an offer that though it

may produce no emotions in the sinner's bosom _here_, would send a thrill

of joy through all the panting bosoms of the suffering damned."

Rev. Samuel Whelpley.

Rev. Mr. Whelpley became Principal of the Morristown Academy in 1797 and

remained until 1805. He came from New England and was originally a Baptist,

but in Morristown he gave up the plan which he had cherished of becoming a

Baptist minister and united with the Presbyterian church. In 1803, he gave

his reasons for this change of views, publicly, in a "Discourse delivered

in the First Church" and published. His "Historical Compend" is one of his

important works. It contains, "A brief survey of the great line of history

from the earliest time to the present day, together with a general view of

the world with respect to Civilization, Religion and Government, and a

brief dissertation on the importance of historical knowledge." This was

issued in two volumes "By Samuel Whelpley, A. M., Principal of Morris

Academy" and was printed by Henry P. Russell and dedicated to Rev. Samuel

Miller, D. D.

This author was not, by-the-way, the father of Chief Justice Whelpley, of

Morristown, who also is noticed in this book, but was the cousin of his

father, Dr. William A. Whelpley, a practicing physician here.

"Lectures on Ancient History, together with an allegory of Genius and

Taste" was another of Mr. Whelpley's books. Among his works, perhaps the

most celebrated was, and is, "The Triangle", a theological work which is "A

Series of numbers upon Three Theological Points, enforced from Various

Pulpits in the City of New York." This was published in 1817, and a new

edition in 1832. In this work, says Hon. Edmund D. Halsey, the leaders and

views of what was long afterward known as the Old School Theology were

keenly criticised and ridiculed. The book caused a great sensation in its

day and did not a little toward hastening the division in the Presbyterian

Church into Old and New School. This book was published without his name,

by "Investigator". In it the author says:

FROM "THE TRIANGLE."

"You shall hear it inculcated from Sabbath to Sabbath in many of our

churches, and swallowed down, as a sweet morsel, by many a gaping mouth,

that a man ought to feel himself actually guilty of a sin committed six

thousand years before he was born; nay, that prior to all consideration of

his own moral conduct, _he ought to feel himself deserving of eternal

damnation for the first sin of Adam_. * * * No such doctrine is taught in

the Scriptures, or can impose itself on any rational mind, which is not

trammeled by education, dazzled by interest, warped by prejudice and

bewildered by theory. This is one corner of the triangle above mentioned.

"This doctrine perpetually urged, and the subsequent strain of teaching

usually attached to it, will not fail to drive the incautious mind to

secret and practical, or open infidelity. An attempt to force such

monstrous absurdities on the human understanding, will be followed by the

worst effects. A man who finds himself condemned for that of which he is

not guilty will feel little regret for his real transgressions.

"I shall not apply these remarks to the purpose I had in view, till I have

considered some other points of a similar character;--or, if I may resort

to the metaphor alluded to, till I have pointed out the other two angles of

the triangle."

Stevens Jones Lewis.

Mr. Lewis was a grandson of Rev. Dr. Timothy Johnes and great uncle of the

Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D. D. He was a theologian whose writings made a

ripple in the orthodox stream of thought, and was disciplined in the First

church for his doctrines. He published two pamphlets in justification of

his peculiar views. The first was on "The Moral Creation the peculiar work

of Christ. A very different thing from that of the Physical Creation which

is the exclusive work of God", printed in Morristown by L. B. Hull, in

1838. Also there was one entitled "Showing the manner in which they do

things in the Presbyterian church in the Nineteenth Century". "For the

rulers had agreed already that if any man did confess that Jesus was Christ

('was Christ, not God Almighty'), he should be put out of the synagogue."

"Morristown, N. J., Printed for the author, 1837."

Rev. Rufus Smith Green, D. D.

The Rev. Dr. Green, so much esteemed by the people of all denominations in

Morristown, has a claim to honorable mention among our authors, having

written largely and to good purpose.

His "History of Morristown," a division of the book entitled the "History

of Morris County", published by Munsell & Co., New York, in 1882, is a

valuable contribution to our literature, combining in delightful form, a

large amount of information from many sources, which has cost the writer

much labor. As a book of reference it is in constant demand in the

"Morristown Library" now, and one of the books which is not allowed long to

remain out, for that reason. This fact carries its own weight without

further comment.

Dr. Green succeeded the Rev. John Abbott French in June, 1877, to the

pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church of Morristown, and remained

until 1881, when he accepted the charge of the Lafayette St. Presbyterian

Church of Buffalo, N. Y., and removed to that city.

After his graduation at Hamilton College, N. Y., in 1867, Dr. Green went

abroad and was a student in the Berlin University during 1869 and '70.

During this period he gained complete command of the German language,

which has been vastly helpful to him in his writing as well as, in many

instances, in his pastoral work. He was graduated from the Auburn

Theological Seminary in 1873. He then accepted a charge at Westfield, N.

Y., and in 1877 came to Morristown. During his Morristown pastorate, he

began the publication of _The Record_, a monthly periodical devoted to

historical matter connected with the First Church in particular, but also

with Morristown generally and Morris County as well,--the First Church, in

its history, striking it roots deep, and radiating in many directions. This

was continued for the years 1880 and 1881, 24 numbers. Rev. Wm. Durant, Dr.

Green's successor in the pastorate of the First Church, resumed the work in

January 1883, and continued its publication until January 1886. It is an

invaluable contribution to the early history of the town and county.

Another of Dr. Green's publications is "Both Sides, or Jonathan and

Absalom", published in 1888 by the Presbyterian Board of Publication,

Philadelphia. This is a volume of sermons to young men, the aim of which

can be seen from the preface which we quote entire:

"It would be difficult to find two characters better fitted than those of

Jonathan and Absalom to give young men right views of life--the one, in its

nobleness and beauty, an inspiration; the other, in its vanity and wicked

self-seeking, an awful warning. The two present both sides of the picture,

and from opposite points of view teach the same lessons never more

important than at the present time. It has been the author's purpose to

enforce these lessons rather than to write a biography. May they guide many

a reader to the choice of the right side!"

In writing of the friendship of Jonathan and David the author says:

"The praises of Friendship have been sung by poets of all ages,--orator's

have made it a theme for their eloquence,--philosophers have written

treatises upon it,--historians have described its all too rare

manifestations. No stories from the far off Past are more charming than

those which tell of Damon and Pythias,--of Orestes and Pylades--of Nisus

and Euryalus--but better and more inspiring than philosophic treatise or

historic description, more beautiful even than song of poet, is the

Friendship of which the text speaks,--the love of Jonathan for David. It is

one of the world's ideal pictures, all the more prized, because it is not

only ideal but real. It was the Divine love which made the earthly

friendship so pure and beautiful."

For _Our Church at Work_, a monthly periodical of many years' standing

connected with the Lafayette Street church, of Buffalo, Dr. Green has

largely written.

An important pamphlet on "The Revised New Testament" was published in 1881,

by the _Banner_ Printing Office, of Morristown, and, in addition to these,

fugitive sermons, and numerous articles for newspapers and periodicals have

passed from his pen to print.

When Dr. Green left Morristown, this was the tribute given him at the final

service in the old church where hundreds of people were turned away for

want of room. These were the words of the speaker on that occasion: "Dr.

Green came to a united people; he has at all times presided over a united

people and he leaves a united people."

Rev. William Durant.

Rev. Wm. Durant followed the Rev. Dr. Green in his ministry in the First

Presbyterian Church in Morristown, May 11th, 1883, remaining in this charge

until May, 1887, when he resigned, to accept the call of the Boundary

Avenue Church, Baltimore, Md. He took up also, with Hon. John Whitehead as

editor, at first, the onerous though very interesting work of _The Record_,

which labor both he and Rev. Dr. Green as well as Mr. Whitehead, gave "as

a free will offering to the church and the community".

Rev. Mr. Durant was born in Albany, N. Y., and prepared for college at the

Albany Academy. He then travelled a year in Europe, studied theology at

Princeton and was graduated from that college in 1872. The same year he

took charge of the First Presbyterian Church in Milwaukee, for the summer

only, after which he traveled through the west, and was then ordained to

the ministry, in Albany, and installed pastor of the Sixth Presbyterian

Church of that city, from which, in 1883, he came to Morristown, as we have

said.

While in Albany he edited "Church Polity", a selection of articles

contributed by the Rev. Charles Hodge, D. D., to the _Princeton Review_;

Scribner's Sons, publishers. Afterwards, in Morristown, he published a

"History of the First Presbyterian Church, Morristown," with genealogical

data for 13,000 names on its registers; a part of this only has been

published. "A Letter from One in Heaven; An Allegory", is a booklet of

singular interest as the title would suggest. One or two short stories of

his have been published among numerous contributions to religious papers on

subjects of ecclesiology and practical religion, also a score or more of

sermons in pamphlet form.

He is at present preparing, for publication, a "Durant Genealogy", to

include all now in this country of the name and descent. This was begun in

the fall of 1886.

In the opening number of _The Record_ for January 1883, after the

suspension of the publication for two years, we print the following paper

of "Congratulations" from Rev. Wm. Durant, which as it concerns the spirit

of Morristown, we give in full:

"CONGRATULATIONS", ON THE REVIVAL OF "THE RECORD".

The season is propitious. _The Record_ awakes from a long nap--not as long

as Rip Van Winkle's--to greet its readers with a Happy New Year.

But where is the suggestion of those garments all tattered and torn? We

mistake. It is not Rip Van Winkle, but the Sleeping Beauty who comes to us,

by fairy enchantment, decked in the latest fashion. Sleep has given her new

attractions.

Happy we who may receive her visits with the changing moons, and scan her

treasures new and old. Her bright look shows a quick glance to catch

flashes of present interest. And there is depth, too, a far offness about

her glance. Its gleam of the present is the shimmer that lies on the

surface of a deep well of memory. What stories she can tell us of the past!

Though so youthful her appearance, she romped with our grandmothers and

made lint for the hospital and blankets for the camps, that winter

Washington was here, when his bare-foot soldiers shivered in the snows on

Mount Kemble or lay dying by scores in the old First Church. Yes, she was a

girl of comely parts, albeit of temper to enjoy a tiff with her good mother

of Hanover, when our city was a frontier settlement, full only of log

cabins and primitive hardships in the struggle against wild nature.

For a maiden still, and one who has seen so many summers, marvelous is her

cheery, youthful look. Ponce de Leon made the mistake of his life when he

sought his enchanted fountain in Florida instead of where Morristown was to

be. It is not on the Green, for the aqueduct folks now hold the title.

From lips still ruddy with youth, is it not delicious to hear the gossip of

olden time! And our maiden knows it all, for she was present at all the

baptisms, danced at all the weddings, thrilled with heavenly joy when our

ancestors confessed the Son of Man before the high pulpit, and stood with

tears in her eyes when one after another they were laid in the graves

behind. Their names are still on her tongues' end, and it is with loving

recollection that she tells of the long lists like the one she brings this

month.

But her gossip is not all of names. What she will tell of events and

progress, of the unwritten history that has given character to families, to

State or Nation, there is no need of predicting, we have only to welcome

her at our fireside and listen while she speaks.

Rev. J. Macnaughtan, D. D.

Dr. Macnaughtan, present pastor of the First Presbyterian Church and

successor of Rev. Wm. Durant, a profound scholar and thinker and most

interesting writer, has not entered largely into the world of letters as an

author or a publisher of his writings. Some papers of his, and some

articles have, however, been published from time to time and a sermon now

and then, notably, within two years, one on "Revision: Its Spirit and

Aims", and the Centennial Sermon that was delivered on Sunday, October

11th, 1891, on the memorable occasion of the Centennial of the erection of

the present First Church building. This sermon was published in the

_Banner_, of Morristown, and is to appear again, with all the interesting

addresses and sketches, given on that day and on the following days of the

celebration,--in the book which Mr. Whitehead is preparing on "The History

of the First Presbyterian Church".

Dr. Macnaughtan's pastorate will always be associated with this time of

historic retrospection and also with the passing away of the old building

and the introduction of the new. Of this old building, endeared to many of

Morristown's people, this book will probably be the last to make mention

while it stands. An old-time resident touchingly says of the coming event:

"There have been great changes within my remembrance (in Morristown). I was

born in 1813 and have always lived where I do now. My memory goes back to

the time when there were only two churches in the town; the First

Presbyterian and the Baptist. The latter is now being removed for other

purposes, and our old church, that has stood through its 100 years, will

soon be removed, to make place for a new one. I was in hopes it would

remain during my days, but the younger generation wants something new, more

in the present style."

FROM THE "CENTENNIAL SERMON."

Ask now of the days that are past.

--_Deuteronomy 4:32._

One hundred years ago on the 20th of last September (1891), a very stirring

and animated scene could have been witnessed on this spot where we are so

quietly assembled this morning for our Sabbath worship. On the morning of

that day, some 200 men were assembled here, with the implements of their

calling, and the task of erecting this now venerable structure was begun.

The willing hands of trained mechanics and others, under the direction of

Major Joseph Lindsley and Gilbert Allen, both elders of the church, lifted

aloft these timbers, and the work of creating this sanctuary was begun.

When one inspects the timbers forming the frame of this structure, great

masses of hewn oak, and enough of it to build two structures of the size of

this edifice, as such buildings are now erected, one sees how necessary it

was that so great a force of men should be on hand. One can well believe

that the animation of the scene was only equalled by the excited emotions

of the people, in whose behalf the building was being erected. The task

begun was a gigantic one for that time. The plans contemplated the erection

of a structure which, "for strength, solidity and symmetry of proportion,"

should "not be excelled by any wooden building of that day in New Jersey."

But it was not alone the generosity of the plan of the structure that made

it a gigantic enterprise, but the material circumstances of the people who

had undertaken the work. The men of a hundred years ago were rich for the

most part only in faith and self-sacrifice. But looking at this house as it

stands to-day, and remembering the generations who under this roof have

been reproved, guided, comforted, and pointed to the supreme ends of being,

who shall say that they who are rich only in faith and self-sacrifice are

poor? Out of their material poverty our fathers builded this house through

which for a century God has been sending to our homes and into our lives

the rich messages of his grace and salvation--where from week to week our

souls have been fronted with the invisible and eternal, and where by psalm

and hymn, and the solemn words of God's grand Book, and the faithful

preaching of a long line of devoted and consecrated men, we have been

reminded of the seriousness and awfulness of life, of the sublime meanings

of existence, and the grand ends which it is capable of conserving; where

multitudes have confessed a Saviour found, and have consecrated their souls

to their new found Lord; where doubts have been dispelled, where sorrow has

been assuaged, where grief has found its antidote and the burdened heart

has found relief; where thought has been lifted to new heights of outlook,

and the heart has been enriched with conceptions of God and duty that have

given a new grandeur to existence, where the low horizons of time have been

lifted and pushed outward, till the soul has felt the thrill of a present

eternity. Our heritage has indeed been great in the possession of this old

white Meeting-House.

(Several points Dr. Macnaughtan makes as follows):

In scanning the life that has been lived here during the last hundred

years, I find it, first of all, to have been _a consistent life_. It is a

life that has been true to the great principles of religious truth for

which the name of Presbyterian stands. * * I find, in the second place,

that the life that has been lived here has been _an evangelistic life_. * *

In the third place, it has been an _expansive life_. * * * * Here has been

nourished the mother hive from which has gone forth, to the several

churches in the neighborhood, the men and women who have made these

churches what they are to-day. * * * In the fourth place, it has been _a

beneficent life_. The voices that have rung out from this place have but

one accent--Righteousness.

Rev. C. DeWitt Bridgman.

The Baptist Church is the second of our Morristown churches in point of

age. It was formed August 11, 1752. It was the Rev. Reune Runyon who was

its pastor during those terrible days of the Revolution, when the scourge

of small pox prevailed. All honor to him, for a "brave man and true", as

says our historian, "loyal to his country as well as faithful to his God."

He, with good Parson Johnes, upheld the arm of Washington and both offered,

for their congregations, their church buildings, to shelter the poor,

suffering soldiers, in their conflict with the dread disease. This

constancy is all the more creditable when we consider that two of his

immediate predecessors had already fallen victims to the disease, each,

after a very short pastorate.

Rev. C. DeWitt Bridgman claims our attention as a writer. A friend writing

of the Rev. Mr. Bridgman, at the present time, says: "The Baptist Church at

Morristown was the first pastorate of the Rev. C. DeWitt Bridgman and I

think was filled to the entire satisfaction of his friends and admirers who

were and _are_ many. His brilliant oratory and rare gifts as an eloquent,

scholarly and polished speaker are well-known. A life-long friend of my

family, I dwell on the lovable and loyal characteristics which have made

him dear to us."

In a letter received by the author of this book, from the Rev. Mr.

Bridgman, we find a little retrospect which is interesting. "I went to

Morristown," he says, "immediately after graduating from the Baptist

Theological Seminary, in Rochester, in 1857. The Baptist Church had a

membership of about 130, all but five or six of them living outside the

village. The House of Worship was small and uncomfortable, but at once was

modernized and enlarged, and the congregation soon after grew to the

measure of its capacity. As I was then but 22 years old, the success was in

some measure due, I must believe, to the sympathy which the young men of

the village had for one with their ardor. However that may be, the church,

for the first time, seemed to be recognized as in touch with the life of

the village, and it was the opening of a new chapter in the history of the

church."

Rev. Mr. Bridgman made the oration at the 4th of July county celebration,

soon after his arrival, in the First Presbyterian church. For two and a

half years, he remained in this charge when he removed to Jamaica Plain,

Mass. Subsequently he was pastor for fifteen years, of Emmanuel Baptist

church, Albany, then for thirteen years of the Madison Avenue church in New

York, when he entered the Episcopal church and became rector of "Holy

Trinity," on Lenox avenue and 122nd St., New York, a position which he

still occupies.

Articles from this writer's pen have appeared from time to time during this

long career, in the religious press, besides occasional sermons of power

and impressiveness.

In the letter above referred to, Mr. Bridgman says he remembers very

pleasantly many acquaintances among those not connected with his church as

well as those in its membership and "it will be a great pleasure," he adds,

"to recall the old faces and the old days, over the pages of your book,

when it shall have been issued."

_Rev. G. D. Brewerton_, who is already among our Poets, followed the Rev.

Mr. Bridgman, in 1861, for a short pastorate.

Rev. J. T. Crane, D. D.

The Methodist Episcopal church was the third in order among our local

churches and was organized in 1826. Among the many pastors of this church,

the Rev. Dr. Crane demands our notice as an author. It was he who laid the

corner-stone, while pastor in 1866, of the third church building, a superb

structure, which is mostly the generous gift of the Hon. George T. Cobb,

who gave to it $100,000.

We find in our Morristown library, an interesting and valuable volume

entitled "Arts of Intoxication; the Aim and the Results." By Rev. J. T.

Crane, D. D., author of "Popular Amusements", "The Right Way", &c. This

author was a voluminous writer, and recognized as one of the ablest in the

Conference. This book was published in 1870 and in it the author says:

"The great problem of the times is, 'What shall be done to stay the ravages

of intoxication?' The evil pervades every grade of civilization as well as

all depths of barbarism, the degree of its prevalence in any locality being

determined apparently more by the facilities for indulgence than by

climate, race or religion.

"In heathen China the opium vice is working death. On the eastern slopes of

the Andes, the poor remnants of once powerful nations are enslaved by the

coca-leaf, and the thorn-apple, and thus are fixed in their fallen estate.

In Europe and America the nations who claim to be the leaders of human

progress are fearfully addicted to narcotic indulgences which not only

impose crushing burdens upon them, wasting the products of their industry

and increasing every element of evil among them, but render even their

friendship dangerous to the savage tribes among whom their commerce

reaches. Italy, France, Germany, England and the United States are laboring

beneath a mountain weight of crime, poverty, suffering and wrong of every

description, and no nation on either continent is fully awake to the peril

of the hour. Questions of infinitely less moment create political crises,

make wars, and overthrow dynasties." Then, Dr. Crane proceeds to show that

the "Art of Intoxication" is not a device of modern times, and quotes from

the Odyssey, in illustration; he discusses the mystery of it and notices

the mutual dependence of the body and spirit upon one another. He tells the

story of the coca-leaf, thorn-apple and the betel-nut, also of tobacco and

treats of the tobacco habit and the question generally; of the hemp

intoxicant and the opium habit and, finally, of alcohol,--its production,

its delusions, its real effect, the hereditary effect, the wrong of

indulgence, the folly of beginning, the strength of the enemy, the damage

done and remedial measures. It is the most picturesque and attractive

little book on the subject that we have seen.

Rev. Henry Anson Buttz, D. D., LL. D.

Rev. Dr. Buttz, President of Drew Theological Seminary, ministered in the

Methodist Episcopal Church in Morristown from 1868 to 1870. While preaching

in Morristown he was elected Adjunct Professor of Greek in Drew Theological

Seminary, filling the George T. Cobb professorship. This chair he occupied

until December 7, 1880, when he was unanimously elected to succeed Bishop

Hurst. He received the degree of A. M. in 1861 from Princeton College and

in 1864 from Wesleyan University, and that of D. D. from Princeton in 1875.

Dr. Buttz is without doubt one of the most distinguished men of the

Methodist Episcopal Church. His preaching, always without notes, is

impressive and of the style usually designated as expository. His

contributions to English literature have been to a large extent, fugitive

articles on many subjects in various church periodicals, but his greatest

published work is probably a Greek text book, "The Epistle to the Romans",

which is regarded by scholars as one of the most accurate and critical

guides to the study of that letter of St. Paul. It is announced by him that

all the New Testament Epistles are to be published on the same plan. "The

entire work, when completed," says a writer in the Mt. Tabor _Record_,

"will be a valuable contribution to Biblical literature, and an enduring

monument to the genius and research of the author."

Rev. Jonathan K. Burr, D. D.

Rev. Dr. Burr, one of the most distinguished divines of the Methodist

Episcopal church, was stationed at Morristown in 1870-2. He was born in

Middletown, Conn., on Sept. 21st, 1825; was graduated at Wesleyan

University in 1845; studied in Union Theological Seminary in New York city

in 1846; in 1847 he entered the ministry, occupying some of the most

important pulpits within the Newark Conference of the M. E. Church. He was

also professor of Hebrew and Exegetical Theology in Drew Theological

Seminary, while pastor of Central church, Newark, N. J. He was author of

the Commentary on the Book of Job, in the Whedon series, and a member of

the Committee of Revision of the New Testament. He received the degree of

D. D. from Wesleyan in 1872; also, in that year, he was delegate to the

General Conference of the M. E. church. For many years he was a trustee of

the Wesleyan University and also of Hackettstown Seminary.

He wrote the articles upon Incarnation and Krishna in McClintock and

Strong's Biblical Cyclopaedia and also made occasional contributions to the

religious journals. In 1879 his health failed and he was obliged to retire

from the ministry. His death followed on April 24th, 1882.

From his "Commentary on the Book of Job" we take the following paragraph

out of an Excursus on the passage, "I know that my Redeemer liveth," &c.:

FROM "COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF JOB."

In the earlier ages truth was given in fragments. It was isolated,

succinct, compressed, not unlike the utterances of oracles. The reader will

be reminded of the gospel given in the garden, the prediction by Enoch of a

judgment to come, the promise of Shiloh and the prophecies through the

Gentile Balaam. They, who thus became agents for the transmission of divine

truth, may have failed to comprehend it in all its bearings, but the truth

is on that account none the less rich and comprehensive. In the living God

who shall stand upon the dust, Job may not have seen Christ in the fulness

of the atonement; nor in the view of God "from the flesh", have grasped

the glories of the resurrection morn; but the essential features of these

two cardinal doctrines of Scripture are these, identical with those we now

see in greater completeness; even as the outlines of a landscape, however

incompletely sketched, are still one with those of the rich and perfected

picture.

Rev. J. E. Adams.

Rev. Mr. Adams, the present pastor of the Morristown Methodist Episcopal

Church, entered upon this charge in May, 1889, succeeding the Rev. Oliver

A. Brown, D. D. He was transferred, by Bishop Merrill, from the Genesee

Conference to the Newark Conference for that purpose, the church having

invited him and he having accepted a few months previously. He came

directly from the First Methodist Church of Rochester, N. Y., to

Morristown. Dr. Adams is a clever and thoughtful writer. He says himself:

"I have done nothing in authorship that is worthy of record. I have only

written newspaper and magazine articles occasionally and published a few

special sermons. I am fond of writing and have planned quite largely for

literary work, including several books, but very exacting parish work has

thus far delayed execution."

Some of his sermons published are as follows:

"St. Paul's Veracity in Christian Profession Sustained by an Infallible

Test. Text: Romans 1:16. Published in New Brunswick, N. J., 1877."

"The Final Verdict in a Famous Case. A Bible Sermon Preached Before the

Monmouth County Bible Society, and published by that Society in 1883."

"The Golden Rule. A Discussion of Christ's Words in Matthew 7:12, in the

First Methodist Episcopal Church, Rochester, N. Y. Published in Rochester,

1886."

"Human Progress as a Ground of Thanksgiving. A Thanksgiving Sermon,

Preached in Morristown, N. J., 1889, and published by request."

Rev. James Munroe Buckley, D.D., LL. D.

At this point, three theologians and editors present themselves, not

occupying definite pulpits, but often taking a place in one or another, as

opportunity for usefulness occurs. These are the Rev. James M. Buckley, D.

D. and the Rev. James M. Freeman, D. D., of the Methodist Episcopal Church

and the Rev. Kinsley Twining, D. D., of the Congregational.

Of the genius of Dr. Buckley, it may be said, it is so all-embracing that

it would be difficult to tell what he is not, in distinctive literary

capacity. First of all certainly, he is a theologian, then editor, orator,

scientist, traveler and so on among our classifications. One is led to

apply to him the familiar saying that "he who does one thing well, can do

all things well."

It is pleasant to note that a man of such keen observation and well

balanced judgment as Dr. Buckley, after extensive travel in our own country

and abroad can state, as many of us have heard him, that, of all the

beautiful spots he has seen in one country and another, none is so

beautiful, so attractive and so desirable, in every respect, as Morristown.

Dr. Buckley is a true Jerseyman, for he was born in Rahway, N. J., and

educated at Pennington, N. J. Seminary. He studied theology, after one year

at Wesleyan University, at Exeter, N. H., and joined the New Hampshire

Methodist Episcopal Conference on trial, being stationed at Dover in that

state. In 1864 he went to Detroit and in 1866 to Brooklyn, N. Y. In 1881,

he was elected to the Methodist Ecumenical Conference in London and also

in that year was elected editor of the New York _Christian Advocate_, which

position he has held to the present time. The degree of D. D. was conferred

upon him by Wesleyan University in 1872 and LL. D. by Emory and Henry

College, Virginia.

As a traveler, Dr. Buckley is represented by his work on "The Midnight Sun

and the Tsar and the Nihilist" being a book of "Adventures and Observations

in Norway, Sweden and Russia". This book is full as we might expect of

information communicated in the most entertaining manner, full of very

graphic descriptions, original comments, spices of humor, with a clever

analysis of the people and conditions of life around the author--all of

which characteristics give us a feeling that we are making with him this

tour of observation. In the chapters on "St. Petersburg" and "Holy Moscow",

we see these qualities especially evidenced. Here is a short paragraph

quite representative of the author, who is writing of the Cathedral of the

Assumption, Moscow, an immense building in the Byzantine style of

architecture, in which a service of the Greek church is going on:

"The monks sang magnificently, but there was not a face among them that

exhibited anything but the most profound indifference. Some of the young

monks fixed their eyes upon the ladies who accompanied me from the hotel,

and kept them there even while they were singing the prayers, which they

appeared to repeat like parrots, without any internal consciousness or

recognition of the meaning of the words, but in most melodious tones."

Again, the author visits a Tartar Mosque where he and his party are told

"with oriental courtesy, that they may be permitted to remain outside the

door, looking in, while the service progresses:

"Here," he says, "I was brought for the first time in direct contact with

that extraordinary system of religion which, without an idol, an image, or

a picture, holds one hundred and seventy million of the human race in

absolute subjection, and whose power, after the lapse of twelve hundred

years, is as great as at the beginning."

Of the summoning of the people to prayers from the minaret, he writes:

"Dr. J. H. Vincent for many years employed at Chatauqua the late A. O. Van

Lennep, who went upon the summit of a house at evening time, dressed in the

Turkish costume, and called the people to prayer.

"I supposed when I heard him that he was over-doing the matter as respects

the excruciating tones and variations of voice which he employed, or else

he had an extraordinary qualification for making hideous sounds, whereby he

out-Turked the Turks, and sometimes considered whether Dr. Vincent did not

deserve to be expostulated with for allowing such frightful noises to clash

with the ordinary sweet accords of Chatauqua. Worthy Mr. Van Lennep will

never appear there again, but I am able to vindicate him from such unworthy

suspicion as I cherished. He did his best to produce the worst sounds he

could, but his worst was not bad enough to equal the reality. With his

hands on his ears, the Mohammedan priest of the great mosque of Moscow

emitted, for the space of seven minutes or thereabouts, a series of tones

for which I could find no analogy in anything I had ever heard of the human

voice. There seemed occasionally a resemblance to the smothered cries of a

cat in an ash-hole; again to the mournful wail of a hound tied behind a

barn; and again to the distant echo of a tin horn on a canal-boat in a

section where the canal cuts between the mountains. The reader may think

this extravagant, but it is not, and he will ascertain if ever he hears the

like."

Dr. Buckley's published writings are, besides his great work as editor of

_The Christian Advocate_, in editorials and in many directions,--and

besides the book we have already mentioned, "The Midnight Sun, the Tsar and

the Nihilist"; "Oats versus Wild Oats"; "Christians and the Theatre";

"Supposed Miracles", and "Faith Healing, Christian Science, and Kindred

Phenomena", published quite recently (in October, 1892). Among magazine

articles, may be especially mentioned "Two Weeks in the Yosemite", and in

pamphlet form have appeared some letters worthy of mention, about "A

Hereditary Consumptive's Successful Battle for Life".

[Illustration: PLAN OF FORT NONSENSE.

FROM PEN AND INK SKETCH BY MAJOR J. P. FARLEY, U. S. A.]

As a philanthropist, Dr. Buckley is widely interested in all questions

concerning humanity, and he responds continually with his time and thought

to the appeals made to him from one direction and another. Our own State

Charities Aid Association of New Jersey owes much to Dr. Buckley for his

warm and earnest co-operation in its early struggles in Morristown for

existence, and in its work, since then.

As an orator, all who have heard Dr. Buckley feel that he has what is

called the magnetic power of controlling and carrying with him his

audience, and a remarkable capacity for mastering widely different

subjects. The beautiful spring day (April 27, 1888), will long be

remembered, when the people of Morristown had the opportunity of hearing

his eloquent address at the unveiling of the Soldiers Monument on Fort

Nonsense.

In Dr. Buckley's last book on "Faith Healing; Christian Science and Kindred

Phenomena," published by the Century Company, quite lately, (October,

1892), the subjects of Astrology, Coincidences, Divinations, Dreams,

Nightmares and Somnambulism, Presentiments, Visions, Apparitions and

Witchcraft are treated. Papers have been contributed by him on these

subjects at intervals for six years with reference to this book, but the

contents of the latter are not identical, _i. e._ they have been improved

and added to. From this we give the following extract:

EXTRACT FROM "FAITH HEALING, CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AND KINDRED PHENOMENA."

The relation of the Mind Cure movement to ordinary medical practice is

important. It emphasizes what the most philosophical physicians of all

schools have always deemed of the first importance, though many have

neglected it. It teaches that medicine is but occasionally necessary. It

hastens the time when patients of discrimination will rather pay more for

advice how to live and for frank declarations that they do not need

medicine, than for drugs. It promotes general reliance upon those processes

which go on equally in health and disease.

But these ethereal practitioners have no new force to offer; there is no

causal connection between their cures and their theories.

_What_ they believe has practically nothing to do with their success. If a

new school were to arise claiming to heal diseases without drugs or hygiene

or prayer, by the hypothetical odylic force invented by Baron Reichenbach,

the effect would be the same, if the practice were the same.

Recoveries as remarkable have been occurring through all the ages, as the

results of mental states and nature's own powers.

* * * * *

The verdict of mankind excepting minds prone to vagaries on the border-land

of insanity, will be that pronounced by Ecclesiasticus more than two

thousand years ago:

"THE LORD HATH CREATED MEDICINES OUT OF THE EARTH; AND HE THAT IS WISE WILL

NOT ABHOR THEM. MY SON, IN THY SICKNESS BE NOT NEGLIGENT; BUT PRAY UNTO THE

LORD AND HE WILL MAKE THEE WHOLE. LEAVE OFF FROM SIN AND ORDER THY HANDS

ARIGHT, AND CLEANSE THY BREAST FROM ALL WICKEDNESS. THEN GIVE PLACE TO THE

PHYSICIAN, FOR THE LORD HATH CREATED HIM; LET HIM NOT GO FROM THEE, FOR

THOU HAST NEED OF HIM. THERE IS A TIME WHEN IN THEIR HANDS THERE IS GOOD

SUCCESS. FOR THEY ALSO SHALL PRAY UNTO THE LORD, THAT HE WOULD PROSPER THAT

WHICH THEY GIVE FOR EASE AND TO PROLONG LIFE."

Rev. James M. Freeman, D. D.

Dr. Freeman is the second of the trio of theologians and editors, whose

homes are in Morristown. For the last twenty years, he has been associate

editor of "Sunday School Books and Periodicals and of Tracts" of the

Methodist Episcopal Church. His Biblical studies are well known. His

"Hand-Book of Bible Manners and Customs" was compiled with great care after

years of research and published in 1877. This "Hand-Book" has been

invaluable to Bible students and in it a large amount of information is

given in small space, and in an interesting and entertaining manner.

Another important volume is "A Short History of the English Bible". Both

these works are in the Morristown Library, presented by the author.

Many years ago, Dr. Freeman published, under the name of Robin Ranger, some

charming story-books "for the little ones", in sets of ten tiny volumes.

This work has placed him already in our group of _Story-Writers_.

Besides these, there are two Chautauqua Textbooks, viz., "The Book of

Books" and "Manners and Customs of Bible Times", also "The Use of

Illustration in Sunday School Teaching".

The "Hand-Book of Bible Manners and Customs", in particular, and the

"Short History of the English Bible" are books which one can not look into

without desiring to own. In the former, the author says in his short but

admirable preface:

"Though the Bible is adapted to all nations, it is in many respects an

Oriental book. It represents the modes of thought and the peculiar customs

of a people who, in their habits, widely differ from us. One who lived

among them for many years has graphically said: 'Modes, customs, usages,

all that you can set down to the score of the national, the social, or the

conventional, are precisely as different from yours as the east is

different from the west. They sit when you stand; they lie when you sit;

they do to the head what you do to the feet; they use fire when you use

water; you shave the beard, they shave the head; you move the hat, they

touch the breast; you use the lips in salutation, they touch the forehead

and the cheek; your house looks outwards, their house looks inwards; you go

_out_ to take a walk, they go _up_ to enjoy the fresh air; you drain your

land, they sigh for water; you bring your daughters out, they keep their

wives and daughters in; your ladies go barefaced through the streets, their

ladies are always covered'.

"The Oriental customs of to-day are, mainly, the same as those of ancient

times. It is said by a recent writer that 'the Classical world has passed

away. We must reproduce it if we wish to see it as it was.' While this

fact must be remembered in the interpretation of some New Testament

passages, it is nevertheless true that many ancient customs still exist in

their primitive integrity. If a knowledge of Oriental customs is essential

to a right understanding of numerous Scripture passages, it is a cause of

rejoicing that these customs are so stereotyped in their character that we

have but to visit the Bible lands of the present day to see the modes of

life of patriarchal times."

Therefore, the author undertakes and undertakes with remarkable success, to

illustrate the Bible by an explanation of the Oriental customs to which it

refers.

Rev. Kinsley Twining, D. D., LL. D.

Rev. Dr. Twining, up to 1879, devoted his time and attention entirely to

the ministry and charge of two large city Congregational churches, one in

Providence, R. I. While in the latter city, he published a book of "Hymns

and Tunes", for his church there, which was acceptable and popular among

the people, and contributed largely to develop the hearty congregational

singing for which end it was compiled. While in this charge, he was for

some time abroad, and mingled considerably in the literary life of Germany,

and also in the musical life of that country. Hence, he is a fine theorist

in music.

Since 1879 he has been literary editor of _The Independent_, and during

these years he has written enough valuable editorials and reviews to fill

many books. Many of his lectures, addresses, essays and other writings have

appeared in magazines and other publications, notably a charming

description of an "Ascent of Monte Rosa" in the _American Journal of

Science and Arts_, of May, 1862. We find in a book entitled "Boston

Lectures, 1872", a chapter given to one on "The Evidence of the

Resurrection of Jesus Christ, by Rev. Kinsley Twining, Cambridge, Mass.",

in which the argument is, as might be expected, keen and clear. One of his

more recent published papers was read by him at one of the Literary

Reunions at Mr. Bowen's in Brooklyn, N. Y., and attracted much attention.

It has since been given in Morristown: subject, "The Wends, or a Queer

People Surviving in Prussia".

Dr. Twining has made a special study of Shakespeare and holds a high rank

as a Shakesperian critic and scholar.

With regard to editorial work, it may be said an editor has a maximum of

influence, the minimum of recognition,--for nobody knows who does it. It

is certain that powerful editorials sometimes turn the tide of public

opinion or actually establish certain results which affect the progress of

the world, and at least make a mark in the world's advance. Who, indeed,

can compute or measure the power of the press at the present day?

We choose for Dr. Twining, some paragraphs from his editorial which has

already acquired some celebrity in _The Independent_ of Sept. 15, 1892, on

John Greenleaf Whittier. The death of the poet occurred on the 7th of the

same September and he had been one of the earliest and most regular

contributors to that paper since 1851.

FROM EDITORIAL ON JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER.

It has been said that every man of genius makes a class distinct by

himself, out of relation and out of comparison with everybody else. At all

events poets do, the first born in the progeny of genius; and of none of

them is this truer than of the four great American poets, Bryant,

Longfellow, Lowell and Whittier. In what order of merit they stand in their

great poetic square, the distinct individuality of genius bestowed on each

makes it needless to inquire. They have been our lights for half a century,

and now that they have taken their permanent place in the galaxy of song,

will continue to shine there, to use the phrase which Whittier himself

invented for Dr. Bowditch's sun-dial, as long as there is need of their

"light above" in our "shade below."

* * * * *

Whittier is the ballad-master and legend singer of the American people. Had

he known the South and the West as he knew New England, he would have sung

their legends as he has sung those of New England. The meaning of all this

is that he is the minstrel of our people. This he has been, and this he

will remain. Whether it is in the solemn wrath of the great ballad,

"Skipper Ireson's Ride," one of the greatest in modern literature, in the

high patriotic strain of "Barbara Frietchie," in the pathos of "The Swan

Song," of "Father Avery," "The Witch's Daughter," or in the grim humor of

"The Double-Headed Snake of Newberry."

"One in body and two in will,"

it matters little what the subject is, or from whence it comes, the poem

has in it some reflection of the common humanity, and as such speaks and

will speak to the hearts of men.

It has been the fashion to write of Victor Hugo as the poet of democratic

humanity. We shall not dispute his claim. There is a certain epic grandeur

in his work which entitles him to a seat alone. But to those who believe

the world is moving toward a democracy whose ideals are the realization of

the Sermon on the Mount, whose essence is ethical, and whose laws are

gentleness, usefulness and love, Greenleaf Whittier will be the true

democratic poet whose heart beats most nearly with the pulses of the

democratic age, and who best represents the principles which are to give it

permanence.

Rev. Theodore Ledyard Cuyler, D. D.

The Rev. Dr. Cuyler should immediately follow the group of editors and

theologians, as he has been a regular writer for the religious press, as

well as for the secular, for many years. To the former he has contributed

more than 3,000 articles, many of which have been re-published and

translated into foreign languages.

In reply to a request for certain information, Dr. Cuyler, in a letter

dated from Brooklyn, January 13, 1890, and written "in a sick room, where

he was laid up with the 'Grip'", a disease of the present day which we hope

may become historic,--replies to the author of this book as follows:

"Probably no American author has a _longer_ association with Morristown

than I have; for my ancestors have laid in its church-yards for more than

a century.

"My great-great-grandfather, Rev. Dr. Timothy Johnes, preached in the 1st

Presbyterian Church for 50 years and administered the Communion to General

Washington.

"My great-grandfather, Mr. Joseph Lewis, was a prominent citizen of

Morristown and an active friend and counsellor of Washington.

"My grandmother, Anna B. Lewis, was born in Morristown.

"My mother, Louisa F. Morrell, was also born in Morristown (in 1802) in the

old family "Lewis Mansion" in which Mr. William L. King now lives.

"I was at school in Morristown in 1835 and it was my favorite place for

visits for _many, many_ years. I have often preached or spoken there.

"The man most familiar with my literary work is Dr. J. M. Buckley, the

editor of the _Christian Advocate_--who now resides in Morristown."

This letter was signed with his name, as "Pastor of Lafayette Avenue

Presbyterian Church." Less than a month later he announced to his

astonished congregation, his intention of resigning his charge among them

on the first Sabbath of the following April, when it would be exactly

thirty years since he came to a small band of 140 members, which then

composed his flock. At the close of his remarks on that occasion he said:

"It only remains for me to say that after forty-four years of

uninterrupted ministerial labors it is but reasonable to ask for some

relief from a strain that may soon become too heavy for me to bear."

During the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of his pastorate, in

1885, he told his congregation that during that time he had preached over

2,300 discourses, had made over 1,000 addresses, officiated at about 600

marriages, baptized 800 children, received into the church 3,700 members,

of whom about 1,600 were converts, and had lost but one Sunday for

sickness. Probably few men are more widely known for their literary and

oratorical powers and extended usefulness both in the pulpit and out of it.

Few, if any, have accomplished more in the same number of years or made a

wider circle of warm and earnest friends both at home and abroad. Among the

latter is the Hon. Wm. E. Gladstone, and was, the late John Bright. In his

sermons and addresses, the personality of Dr. Cuyler is so marked that to

hear him once is to remember him always. In England he has been especially

popular as a preacher and temperance advocate. The latter cause he has

espoused most warmly during his entire life.

Dr. Cuyler was born in the beautiful village of Aurora, N. Y., upon Cayuga

Lake, of which his great-grandfather, General Benjamin Ledyard, was the

founder. He was graduated at Princeton in 1841, and at Princeton

Theological Seminary in 1846. Two years later, he was ordained into the

Presbyterian Ministry, and was installed pastor of the Third Presbyterian

Church of Trenton, N. J., then of the Market St. Reformed Dutch Church of

New York City, and in April 1860, of the Brooklyn Lafayette Avenue

Presbyterian Church.

Among the author's books are the following, nearly all of which have been

reprinted in London and have a very wide circulation in Great Britain. Five

or six of them have been translated into Dutch and Swedish:

"Stray Arrows", "The Cedar Christian", "The Empty Crib", a small book

published many years ago after the death of one of his children and full of

solace and consolation to the hearts of sorrowing parents; "Heart Life";

"Thought Hives"; "From the Nile to Norway"; "God's Light on Dark Clouds";

"Wayside Springs", and "Eight to the Point," of the "Spare Minute Series".

Dr. Cuyler himself says that he considered his _chief_ literary work to

have been the preparation of over 3,000 articles for the leading religious

papers of America. There might be added to this the publication of a large

number of short and popular tracts.

Here again we find, as in several instances before recorded in this book, a

man of long experience and good judgment placing in the highest rank of

writings, useful to mankind, those done for the religious or secular

newspapers. We give a short passage

FROM, "GOD'S LIGHT ON DARK CLOUDS."

There is only one practical remedy for this deadly sin of anxiety, and that

is to _take short views_. Faith is content to live "from hand to mouth,"

enjoying each blessing from God as it comes. This perverse spirit of worry

runs off and gathers some anticipated troubles and throws them into the cup

of mercies and turns them to vinegar. A bereaved parent sits down by the

new-made grave of a beloved child and sorrowfully says to herself, "Well, I

have only one more left, and one of these days he may go off to live in a

home of his own, or he may be taken away; and if he dies, my house will be

desolate and my heart utterly broken." Now who gave that weeping mother

permission to use that word "if"? Is not her trial sore enough now without

overloading it with an imaginary trial? And if her strength breaks down, it

will be simply because she is not satisfied with letting God afflict her;

she tortures herself with imagined afflictions of her own. If she would but

take a short view, she would see a living child yet spared to her, to be

loved and enjoyed and lived for. Then, instead of having two sorrows, she

would have one great possession to set over against a great loss; her duty

to the living would be not only a relief to her anguish, but the best

tribute she could pay to the departed.

Rt. Rev. Wm. Ingraham Kip, D.D., LL.D.

Bishop Kip, since 1853, Bishop of California, was called to old St. Peter's

Church, Morristown, immediately after his taking orders in 1835. "The first

time the service of the Protestant Episcopal Church was used in Morristown,

so far as known," says our historian, "was in the Summer of 1812. At that

time Bishop Hobart of New York was visiting Mr. Rogers at Morristown, and

by invitation of the officers of the First Presbyterian Church, he

officiated one Sunday in their church, preaching and using the Episcopal

service."

For two years, 1820 and '21, the service was held on Sundays, at the house

of George P. McCulloch, and finally on Dec. 4th, 1828, the church building

was consecrated which has stood until quite recently. Now a superb stone

edifice covers the ground of the old church.

In the ancestry of Bishop Kip we have a link with the far off story of

France, for he is descended from Ruloff de Kype of the 16th Century, who

was a native of Brittany and warmly espoused the part of the Guises in the

French civil war between Protestants and Papists. After the downfall of his

party, this Ruloff fled to the Low Countries; his son Ruloff became a

Protestant and settled in Amsterdam and _his_ son Henry made one of the

Company which organized in 1588 to explore a northeast passage to the

Indies. He came with his family, to America in 1635, but returned to

Holland leaving here his two sons Henry and Isaac. Henry was a member of

the first popular assembly in New Netherlands and Isaac owned the property

upon which now stands the City Hall Park of New York.

In 1831, the young William Ingraham, was graduated at Yale College and

after first studying law and then divinity was admitted to orders and at

once became the third rector of St. Peter's, at Morristown, remaining from

July 13th, 1835, until November of the following year. Columbia bestowed

upon him in 1847, the degree of S. T. D. Between the rectorship of St.

Peter's and the bishopric of California, he served as assistant at Grace

Church, New York, and was rector of St. Paul's, at Albany.

Bishop Kip has published a large number of books, many of which have gone

through several editions. In addition he has written largely for the

_Church Review_ and the _Churchman_ and several periodicals. Among his

books are "The Unnoticed Things of Scripture", (1868); "The Early Jesuit

Missions" (2 Vols., 6 editions, 1846); "Catacombs of Rome", (8 editions,

1853); "Double Witness of the Church", (27 editions, 1845); Lenten "Fast",

(15 editions, 1845); the last two were published in both England and

America as was also "Christmas Holydays in Rome", (1846). Besides these are

"Early Conflicts of Christianity", (6 editions); "Church of the Apostles";

"Olden Times in New York"; "Early Days of My Episcopate", (1892).

EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE OF THE "EARLY JESUIT MISSIONS."

There is no page of our country's history more touching and romantic than

that which records the labors and sufferings of the Jesuit Missionaries. In

these western wilds they were the earliest pioneers of civilization and

faith. The wild hunter or the adventurous traveler, who, penetrating the

forests, came to new and strange tribes, often found that years before, the

disciples of Loyola had preceded him in that wilderness. Traditions of the

"Black-robes" still lingered among the Indians. On some moss-grown tree,

they pointed out the traces of their work, and in wonder he deciphered,

carved side by side on its trunk, the emblem of our salvation and the

lilies of the Bourbons. Amid the snows of Hudson's Bay--among the woody

islands and beautiful inlets of the St. Lawrence--by the council fires of

the Hurons and the Algonquins--at the sources of the Mississippi, where

first of the white men, their eyes looked upon the Falls of St. Anthony,

and then traced down the course of the bounding river, as it rushed onward

to earn its title of "Father of Waters"--on the vast prairies of Illinois

and Missouri--among the blue hills which hem in the salubrious dwellings of

the Cherokees--and in the thick canebrakes of Louisiana--everywhere were

found the members of the Society of Jesus. Marquette, Joliet, Brebeuf,

Jogues, Lallemand, Rasles and Marest,--are the names which the West should

ever hold in remembrance. But it was only by suffering and trial that these

early labours won their triumphs. Many of them too were men who had stood

high in camps and courts, and could contrast their desolate state in the

solitary wigwam with the refinement and affluence which had waited on their

early years. But now, all these were gone. Home--the love of kindred--the

golden ties of relationship--all were to be forgotten by these stern and

high-wrought men, and they were often to go forth into the wilderness,

without an adviser on their way, save their God. Through long and

sorrowful years, they were obliged to "sow in tears" before they could

"reap in joy."

Rev. William Staunton, D. D.

With this author, the fifth rector of old St. Peter's Church, in

Morristown, we go back in association to the ancient city of Chester,

England, where he was born and where his grandfather on his mother's side

was a leading dissenting minister and the founder of Queen's Street Chapel,

Chester. His father, an intellectual man and well read in Calvinistic

theology, also affiliated with the Independents, but was often led by his

fine musical taste to attend with his son the services of the Cathedral. It

was in this Cathedral of Chester, which is noted for the beauty and majesty

with which the Church's ritual is rendered,--that the boy acquired that

love of music which placed him in after life in the front rank of church

musicians. One who knew him well has said of him in this respect: "This

knowledge of music was profound and comprehensive. He was not simply a

musical critic or a composer of hymn tunes and chants, but he had followed

out through all its intricacies the science of music. So well known was he

for his learning and taste in this department that it was a common thing

for professional musicians of distinction to go to him for advice and to

submit their compositions to him, before publication. Much of his own music

has been published. But his musical accomplishments are best attested by

the work which he did as associate editor of Johnson's Encyclopedia." He

was in particular, the musical editor of this work and wrote nearly all of

the articles relating to music in it. He was also a prolific writer for

church reviews and other periodicals. Among his publications in book form

are: "A Dictionary of the Church", (1839); "An Ecclesiastical Dictionary",

(1861); "The Catechist's Manual", a series of Sunday School instruction

books; "Songs and Prayers"; "Book of Common Prayer"; "A Church Chant Book",

and "Episodes of Clerical and Parochial Life".

Dr. Staunton came with his father and the family, when fifteen years of

age, to Pittsburg, Pa. He was closely associated with the Rev. Mr. Hopkins,

afterward the Bishop of Vermont. His first ministerial charge was that of

Zion Church, Palmyra, N. Y., and it was in 1840 he accepted the rectorship

of St. Peter's Church, Morristown, which position he held for seven years.

He then organized in Brooklyn, N. Y., a much needed parish, which he named

St. Peter's after the parish he had just relinquished.

"Dr. Staunton," says the present rector of St. Peter's, the Rev. Robert N.

Merritt, D. D., who took up the work of the parish in 1853, and to whose

untiring exertions, the parish and the people of Morristown are largely

indebted for the erection of the massive and beautiful stone structure that

stands on the site of the church of Dr. Staunton's time,--"Dr. Staunton was

no ordinary man, though he never obtained the position in the church to

which his abilities entitled him. Besides being above the average clergyman

in theological attainments, he was a scientific musician, a good mechanic,

well read in general literature, and so close an observer of the events of

his time that much information was always to be gained from him. His

retiring nature and great modesty kept him in the back ground."

The following interesting reminiscence comes to us, in a letter, from one

of the boys who was under his ministration when rector for seven years of

old St. Peter's. "I remember", says this parishioner, "Dr. Staunton very

distinctly and with much affection as well as regard and gratitude, for the

training I had from him in the doctrines and ordinances of the church. He

was for those days a very advanced churchman, being among the first to

yield to the influence the Oxford movement was exercising and to adopt the

advance it inaugurated in the ritual and service of the liturgy informing

strictly however himself and teaching his people to recognize the authority

of the rubrics. He maintained this, I think, till his death, and was ranked

then as a conservative rather than a high churchman, though when he was

here, the same attitude made him to be thought by some as almost

dangerously ultra.