It appeared likewise by the evidence of Captain Jo. Trahern, Tho.

Castel, and others, who had been taken by the pirates, and thence had

opportunities of observing the prisoner’s conduct, that he seemed

thoroughly satisfied with that way of life, and was particularly

intimate with Roberts; they often scoffing at the mention of a

man-of-war, and saying, if they should meet with any of the

turnip-man’s ships, they would blow up and go to h--l all together.

Yet setting aside these silly freaks to recommend himself, his

laziness had got him many enemies; even Roberts told him, on the

complaint of a wounded man, whom he had refused to dress, that he was

a double rogue to be there a second time, and threatened to cut his

ears off.

The evidence further assured the court, from Captain Thomas Tarlton,

that the prisoner was taken out of his brother’s ship, some months

before, a first time, and being forward to oblige his new company, had

presently asked for the pirates’ boat to fetch the medicine-chest

away, when the wind and current proving too hard to contend with, he

was drove on shore at Cape Montzerado.

The prisoner called for William Darling and Samuel Morwel (acquitted),

and Nicholas Butler.

William Darling deposed, the first time the prisoner fell into their

hands Roberts mistook him for Jo. Tarlton, the master, and being

informed it was the surgeon who came to represent him (then

indisposed) he presently swore he should be his messmate, to which

Wilson replied, he hoped not, he had a wife and child, which the other

laughed at; and that he had been two days on board before he went in

that boat, which was drove on shore at Cape Montzerado. And at his

second coming, in the _Elizabeth_, he heard Roberts order he should be

brought on board in the first boat.

Samuel Morwel says that he has heard him bewail his condition while on

board the pirate, and desired one Thomas to use his interest with

Roberts for a discharge, saying, his employ and the little fortune he

had left at home would, he hoped, exempt him the further trouble of

seeking his bread at sea.

Nicholas Butler, who had remained with the pirates about forty-eight

hours, when they took the French ships at Whydah, deposes that in this

space the prisoner addressed him in the French language several times,

deploring the wretchedness and ill-fortune of being confined in such

company.

The prisoner, desiring liberty of two or three questions, asked

whether or no he had not expostulated with Roberts, for a reason of

his obliging surgeons to sign their Articles, when heretofore they did

not; whether he had not expressed himself glad of having formerly

escaped from them; whether he had not said, at taking the ships in

Whydah road, that he could like the sport, were it lawful; and whether

if he had not told him, should the Company discharge any surgeon, that

he would insist on it as his turn? The deponent answered yes to every

question separately; and farther, that he believes Scudamore had not

seen Wilson when he first came and found him out of the _Elizabeth_.

He added in his own defence, that, being surgeon with one John

Tarlton, of Liverpool, he was met a first time on this coast of Guinea

by Roberts the pirate, who, after a day or two, told him, to his

sorrow, that he was to stay there, and ordered him to fetch his chest

(not medicines, as asserted), which opportunity he took to make his

escape; for the boat’s crew happening to consist of five French and

one Englishman, all as willing as himself, they agreed to push the

boat on shore and trust themselves with the negroes of Cape

Montzerado. Hazardous, not only in respect of the dangerous seas that

run there, but the inhumanity of the natives, who sometimes take a

liking to human carcases. Here he remained five months, till Thomas

Tarlton, brother to his captain, chanced to put into the road for

trade, to whom he represented his hardships and starving condition;

but was, in an unchristian manner, both refused a release of this

captivity, or so much as a small supply of biscuit and salt meat,

because, as he said, he had been among the pirates. A little time

after this the master of a French ship paid a ransom for him and took

him off; but, by reason of a nasty leprous indisposition he had

contracted by hard and bad living, was, to his great misfortune, set

ashore at Sestos again, when Captain Sharp met him and generously

procured his release in the manner himself has related, and for which

he stands infinitely obliged. That ill-luck threw him a second time

into the pirates’ hands, in this ship _Elizabeth_, where he met Thomas

Tarlton, and thoughtlessly used some reproaches of him for his severe

treatment at Montzerado; but protests without design his words should

have had so bad a consequence; for Roberts took upon him, as a

dispenser of justice, the correction of Mr. Tarlton, beating him

unmercifully; and, he hopes it will be believed, contrary to any

intention of his it should so happen, because, as a stranger, he might

be supposed to have no influence, and believes there were some other

motives for it. He cannot remember he expressed himself glad to see

Roberts this second time, or that he dropped those expressions about

Comry, as are sworn; but if immaturity of judgment had occasioned him

to slip rash and inadvertent words, or that he had paid any undue

compliments to Roberts, it was to ingratiate himself, as every

prisoner did, for a more civil treatment, and in particular to procure

his discharge, which he had been promised, and was afraid would have

been revoked, if such a person as Comry did not remain there to supply

his room; and of this, he said, all the gentlemen (meaning the

pirates) could witness for him.

He urged also his youth in excuse for his rashness. The first time he

had been with them (only a month in all), and that in no military

employ; but in particular the service he had done in discovering the

design the pirates had to rise in their passage on board the

_Swallow_. Guilty.

But execution respited till the King’s pleasure be known, because the

commander of the _Swallow_ had declared the first notice he received

of this design of the pirates to rise was from him.

_Benjamin Jeffreys._

By the depositions of Glasby and Lillburn (acquitted) against this

prisoner, it appeared that his drunkenness was what at first detained

him from going away in his proper ship, the _Norman_ galley; and next

morning, for having been abusive in his drink, saying to the pirates

there was not a man amongst them, he received for a welcome six lashes

from every person in the ship, which disordered him for some weeks,

but on recovery was made boatswain’s mate; the serving of which, or

any office on board a pirate, is at their own option (though elected),

because others are glad to accept what brings an additional share in

prize.

The deponents further say that at Sierra Leone every man had more

especially the means of escaping, and that this prisoner, in

particular, neglected it, and came off from that place after the ship

was under sail and going out of the river.

The prisoner, in his defence, protests he was at first forced, and

that the office of boatswain’s mate was imposed on him, and what he

would have been glad to have relinquished. That the barbarous whipping

he had received from the pirates at first was for telling them that

none who could get their bread in an honest way would go on such an

account. And he had certainly taken the opportunity which presented at

Sierra Leone of ridding himself from so distasteful a life, if there

had not been three or four of the old pirates on shore at the same

time who, he imagined, must know of him, and would doubtless have

served him the same, if not worse, than they since had done William

Williams, who, for such a design, being delivered up by the

treacherous natives, had received two lashes through the whole ship’s

company.

The Court observed the excuses of these pirates about want of means to

escape, was oftentimes as poor and evasive as their pleas of being

forced at first; for here, at Sierra Leone, every man had his liberty

on shore, and, it was evident, might have kept it, if he, or they, had

so pleased. And such are further culpable, who having been introduced

into the society by such uncivil methods as whipping, or beating,

neglect less likely means of regaining liberty; it shows strong

inclinations to dishonesty, and they stand inexcusably. Guilty.

_Jo. Mansfield._

It was proved against this prisoner, by Captain Trahern and George

Fenn, that he was one of those volunteers who was at the attack and

robbery of the Company’s ship called the _King Solomon_. That he

bullied well among them who dared not make any reply, but was very

easy with his friends, who knew him; for Moody on this occasion took a

large glass from him, and threatened to blow his brains out (a

favourite phrase with these pirates) if he muttered at it.

From others acquitted it likewise appeared that he was at first a

volunteer among them, from an island called Dominico, in the West

Indies, and had, to recommend himself, told them he was a deserter

from the _Rose_ man-of-war, and, before that, had been on the highway;

he was always drunk, they said, and so bad at the time they met with

the _Swallow_, that he knew nothing of the action, but came up

vapouring with his cutlass, after the _Fortune_ had struck her

colours, to know who would go on board the prize; and it was some time

before they could persuade him into the truth of their condition.

He could say little in defence of himself, acknowledged this latter

part of drunkenness; a vice, he says, that had too great a share in

ensnaring him into this course of life, and had been a greater motive

with him than gold. Guilty.

_William Davis._

William Allen deposed he knew this prisoner at Sierra Leone, belonging

to the _Ann_ galley; that he had a quarrel with, and beat, the mate of

that ship, for which, as he said, being afraid to return to his duty,

he consorted to the idle customs and ways of living among the negroes,

from whom he received a wife, and ungratefully sold her one evening

for some punch to quench his thirst. After this, having put himself

under the protection of Mr. Plunket, governor there for the Royal

African Company, the relations and friends of the woman applied to him

for redress, who immediately surrendered the prisoner, and told them

he did not care if they took his head off; but the negroes wisely

judging it would not fetch so good a price, they sold him in his turn

again to Seignior Jessee, a Christian black, and native of that place,

who expected and agreed for two years’ service from him, on

consideration of what he had disbursed for the redemption of the

woman. But long before the expiration of this time Roberts came into

Sierra Leone river, where the prisoner, as Seignior Jessee assured the

deponent, entered a volunteer with them.

The deponent further corroborates this part of the evidence, in that

he being obliged to call at Cape Mount, in his passage down hither,

met there with two deserters from Roberts’s ship, who assured him of

the same, and that the pirates did design to turn Davis away the next

opportunity as an idle, good-for-nothing fellow.

From Glasby and Lillburn it was evident, that every pirate, while they

stayed at Sierra Leone, went on shore at discretion. That Roberts had

often assured Mr. Glynn and other traders at that place, that he would

force nobody; and, in short, there was no occasion for it; in

particular, the prisoner’s row-mate went away, and thinks he might

have done the same if he had pleased.

The prisoner alleged his having been detained against his will, and

says that, returning with elephants’ teeth for Sierra Leone, the

pirates’ boat pursued and brought him on board, where he was kept on

account of his understanding the pilotage and navigation of that

river.

It was obvious to the court, not only how frivolous excuses of

constraint and force were among these people, at their first

commencing pirates, but also it was plain to them, from these two

deserters, met at Cape Mount, and the discretional manner they lived

in at Sierra Leone, through how little difficulty several of them did,

and others might have escaped afterwards, if they could but have

obtained their own consents for it. Guilty.

* * * * *

This is the substance of the trials of Roberts’s crew, which may

suffice for others that occur in this book. The foregoing lists show,

by a * before the names, who were condemned; those names with a + were

referred for trial to the Marshalsea, and all the rest were acquitted.

The following pirates were executed, according to their sentence,

without the gates of Cape Corso Castle, within the flood-marks,

viz.:--William Magnes, 35, Minehead; Richard Hardy, 25, Wales; David

Simpson, 36, North Berwick; Christopher Moody, 28; Thomas Sutton, 23,

Berwick; Valentine Ashplant, 32, Minories; Peter de Vine, 42, Stepney;

William Philips, 29, Lower Shadwell; Philip Bill, 27, St. Thomas’s;

William Main, 28; William Mackintosh, 21, Canterbury; William

Williams, 40, near Plymouth; Robert Haws, 31, Yarmouth; William Petty,

30, Deptford; John Jaynson, 22, near Lancaster; Marcus Johnson, 21,

Smyrna; Robert Crow, 44, Isle of Man; Michael Maer, 41, Ghent; Daniel

Harding, 26, Groomsbury in Somersetshire; William Fernon, 22,

Somersetshire; Jo. More, 19, Meer, in Wiltshire; Abraham Harper, 23,

Bristol; Jo. Parker, 22, Winfred, in Dorsetshire; Jo. Philips, 28,

Jersey; James Clement, 20, Bristol; Peter Scudamore, 35, Wales; James

Skyrm, 44, Somersetshire; John Walden, 24, Whitby; Jo. Stephenson, 40,

Orkneys; Jo. Mansfield, 30, Bristol; Israel Hynde, 30, Aberdeen; Peter

Lesley, 21, Exeter; Charles Bunce, 26, Other St. Mary’s, Devonshire;

Robert Birtson, 30, Cornwall; Richard Harris, 45, Sadbury, in

Devonshire; Joseph Nositer, 26 (speechless at execution); William

Williams, 30, Holland; Agge Jacobson, 30, Bristol; Benjamin Jeffreys,

21, Topsham; Cuthbert Goss, 21, Plymouth; John Jessup, 20, Plymouth;

Edward Watts, 22, Dunmore; Thomas Giles, 26, Minehead; William Wood,

27, York; Thomas Armstrong, 34, London (executed on board the

_Weymouth_); Robert Johnson, 32, at Whydah; George Smith, 25, Wales;

William Watts, 23, Ireland; James Philips, 35, Antegoa; John Coleman,

24, Wales; Robert Hays, 20, Liverpool; William Davis, 23, Wales.

The remainder of the pirates, whose names are undermentioned, upon

their humble petition to the court, had their sentence changed from

death to seven years’ servitude, conformable to our sentence of

transportation. The petition is as follows:--

“_To the Honourable the President and Judges of the Court of

Admiralty, for trying of pirates, sitting at Cape Corso

Castle, the 20th day of April, 1722._

“The humble petition of Thomas How, Samuel Fletcher, &c.

“Humbly showeth--

“That your petitioners being unhappily, and unwarily drawn

into that wretched and detestable crime of piracy, for which

they now stand justly condemned, they most humbly pray the

clemency of the court, in the mitigation of their sentence,

that they may be permitted to serve the Royal African

Company of England, in this country for seven years, in such

a manner as the court shall think proper; that by their just

punishment, being made sensible of the error of their former

ways, they will for the future become faithful subjects,

good servants, and useful in their stations, if it please

the Almighty to prolong their lives.

“And your petitioners, as in duty, &c.”

The resolution of the court was--

“That the petitioners have leave by this Court of Admiralty,

to interchange indentures with the Captain-General of the

Gold Coast, for the Royal African Company, for seven years’

servitude, at any of the Royal African Company’s settlements

in Africa, in such manner as he, the said Captain-General,

shall think proper.

“On Thursday, the 26th day of April, the indentures being

all drawn out, according to the grant made to the

petitioners, by the court held on Friday the 20th of this

instant, each prisoner was sent for up, signed, sealed and

exchanged them in the presence of--

Captain MUNGO HEARDMAN, President,

JAMES PHIPPS, Esq.,

Mr. EDWARD HYDE,

Mr. CHARLES FANSHAW, and

Mr. JOHN ATKINS, Registrar.”

_A Copy of the Indenture._

The Indenture of a person condemned to serve abroad, for piracy,

which, upon the humble petition of the pirates therein

mentioned, was most mercifully granted by his Imperial Majesty’s

Commissioners and Judges appointed to hold a Court of Admiralty,

for the trial of pirates, at Cape Corso Castle, in Africa, upon

condition of serving seven years, and other conditions, are as

follows, viz.:--

“This Indenture, made the twenty-sixth day of April, Anno

Regni Regis Georgii magnæ Britanniæ, &c. Septimo, Domini

Millessimo, Sepcentessimo viginti duo, between Roger Scot,

late of the City of Bristol, mariner, of the one part, and

the Royal African Company of England, their Captain-General

and Commander-in-chief, for the time being, on the other

part, witnesseth, That the said Roger Scot doth hereby

covenant, and agree, to, and with, the said Royal African

Company, their Captain-General, and Commander-in-chief for

the time being, to serve him, or his lawful successors, in

any of the Royal African Company’s settlements on the coast

of Africa, from the day of the date of these presents, to

the full term of seven years, from hence next ensuing, fully

to be complete and ended; there to serve in such employment

as the said Captain-General or his successors shall employ

him, according to the custom of the country in like kind.

“In consideration whereof, the said Captain-General, and

Commander-in-chief, doth covenant and agree to, and with,

the said Roger Scot, to find and allow him meat, drink,

apparel, and lodging, according to the custom of the

country.

“In witness whereof, the parties aforesaid, to these

presents, have interchangeably put their hands and seals,

the day and year first above written.

“Signed, sealed, and delivered, in the presence of us, at

Cape Corso Castle, in Africa, where no stamped paper was to

be had.

MUNGO HEARDMAN, President,}

}_Witnesses_.”

JOHN ATKINS, Registrar, }

In like manner was drawn out and exchanged the indentures of Thomas

How, of Barnstaple, in the county of Devon; Samuel Fletcher, of East

Smithfield, London; John Lane, of Lombard Street, London; David

Littlejohn, of Bristol; John King, of Shadwell parish, London; Henry

Dennis, of Bideford; Hugh Harris, of Corf Castle, Devonshire; William

Taylor, of Bristol; Thomas Owen, of Bristol; John Mitchel, of Shadwell

parish, London; Joshua Lee, of Liverpool; William Shuren, of Wapping

parish, London; Robert Hartley, of Liverpool; John Griffin, of

Blackwall, Middlesex; James Cromby, of London, Wapping; James

Greenham, of Marshfield, Gloucestershire; John Horn, of St. James’s

parish, London; John Jessup, of Wisbech, Cambridgeshire; David Rice,

of Bristol.

But two or three of whom, I hear, are now living; two others, viz.,

George Wilson and Thomas Oughterlaney, were respited from execution

till his Majesty’s pleasure should be known; the former died abroad,

and the latter came home, and received his Majesty’s pardon; the

account of the whole stands thus:--Acquitted, 74; executed, 32;

respited, 2; to servitude, 20; to the Marshalsea, 17; killed in the

_Ranger_, 10; killed in the _Fortune_, 3; died in the passage to Cape

Corso, 13; died afterwards in the Castle, 4; negroes in both ships,

70: total, 276.

I am not ignorant how acceptable a relation of the behaviour and dying

words of malefactors are to the generality of our countrymen, and

therefore shall deliver what occurred worthy of notice in the

deportment of these criminals.

The first six that were called to execution were Magnes, Moody,

Simpson, Sutton, Ashplant, and Hardy; all of them old standers and

notorious offenders. When they were brought out of the hold, on the

parade, in order to break off their fetters, and fit the halters, none

of them, it was observed, appeared the least dejected, unless Sutton,

who spoke faint, but it was rather imputed to a flux that had seized

him two or three days before than fear. A gentleman, who was surgeon

of the ship, was so charitable at this time, to offer himself in the

room of an ordinary, and represented to them, as well as he was able,

the heinousness of their sin, and necessity which lay on them of

repentance; one particular part of which ought to be acknowledging the

justice they had met with. They seemed heedless for the present, some

calling for water to drink, and others applying to the soldiers for

caps; but when this gentleman pressed them for an answer, they all

exclaimed against the severity of the court, and were so hardened as

to curse, and wish the same justice might overtake all the members of

it as had been dealt to them. “They were poor rogues,” they said, “and

so must be hanged, while others, no less guilty in another way,

escaped.”

When he endeavoured to compose their minds, exhorting them to die in

charity with all the world, and would have diverted them from such

vain discourse by asking them their country, age, and the like, some

of them answered, “What was that to him? They suffered the law, and

should give no account but to God.” They walked to the gallows without

a tear in token of sorrow for their past offences, or showing as much

concern as a man would express at travelling a bad road; nay, Simpson,

at seeing a woman that he knew, said, “He had lain with that b----h

three times, and now she was come to see him hanged.” And Hardy, when

his hands were tied behind him (which happened from their not being

acquainted with the way of bringing malefactors to execution),

observed, “That he had seen many a man hanged, but this way of the

hands being tied behind them he was a stranger to and never saw before

in his life.” I mention these two little instances to show how stupid

and thoughtless they were of their end, and that the same abandoned

and reprobate temper that had carried them through their rogueries,

abided with them to the last.

Samuel Fletcher, another of the pirates ordered for execution, but

reprieved, seemed to have a quicker sense of his condition; for when

he saw those he was allotted with go to execution, he sent a message

by the Provost-Marshal to the court, to be “informed of the meaning of

it, and humbly desired to know whether they designed him mercy or not?

If they did, he stood infinitely obliged to them, and thought the

whole service of his life an incompetent return for so great a favour;

but that if he was to suffer, the sooner the better, he said, that he

might be out of his pain.”

There were others of these pirates the reverse of this, and though

destitute of ministers or fit persons to represent their sins and

assist them with spiritual advice, were yet always employing their

time to good purposes, and behaved with a great deal of seeming

devotion and penitence; among these may be reckoned Scudamore,

Williams, Philips, Stephenson, Jeffreys, Lesly, Harper, Armstrong,

Bunce, and others.

Scudamore too lately discerned the folly and wickedness of the

enterprise, that had chiefly brought him under sentence of death, from

which, seeing there was no hopes of escaping, he petitioned for two or

three days’ reprieve, which was granted; and for that time applied

himself incessantly to prayer and reading the Scriptures. He seemed to

have a deep sense of his sins, of this in particular, and desired, at

the gallows, they would have patience with him, to sing the first part

of the thirty-first Psalm; which he did by himself throughout.

Armstrong, having been a deserter from his Majesty’s service, was

executed on board the _Weymouth_ (and the only one that was); there

was nobody to press him to an acknowledgment of the crime he died for,

nor of sorrowing in particular for it, which would have been

exemplary, and made suitable impressions on seamen; so that his last

hour was spent in lamenting and bewailing his sins in general,

exhorting the spectators to an honest and good life, in which alone

they could find satisfaction. In the end he desired they would join

with him in singing two or three latter verses of the 140th Psalm; and

that being concluded, he was, at the firing of a gun, triced up at the

fore-yard-arm.

Bunce was a young man, not above twenty-six years old, but made the

most pathetic speech of any at the gallows. He first declaimed against

the gilded baits of Power, Liberty, and Wealth, that had ensnared him

among the pirates, his inexperienced years not being able to withstand

the temptation; but that the briskness he had shown, which so fatally

had procured him favour amongst them, was not so much a fault in

principle as the liveliness and vivacity of his nature. He was now

extremely afflicted for the injuries he had done to all men, and

begged their’s and God’s forgiveness, very earnestly exhorting the

spectators to remember their Creator in their youth, and guard

betimes, that their minds took not a wrong bias, concluding with this

apt similitude, “That he stood there as a beacon upon a rock” (the

gallows standing on one) “to warn erring mariners of danger.”

IV.

CAPTAIN AVERY AND HIS CREW.

Romantic reports of his greatness--His birth--Is mate of a

Bristol man--For what voyage designed--Tampers with the

seamen--Forms a plot for carrying off the ship--Executes

it, and how--The pirates take a rich ship belonging to

the Great Mogul--The Great Mogul threatens the English

settlements--The pirates steer their course back for

Madagascar--Call a council--Put all the treasure on

board of Avery’s ship--Avery and his crew treacherously

leave his confederates--Go to the Isle of Providence in

the West Indies--Sell the ship--Go to North America in

a sloop--They disperse--Avery goes to New England--From

thence to Ireland--Avery afraid to expose his diamonds

for sale--Goes over to England--Puts his wealth into

merchant’s hands of Bristol--Changes his name--Lives at

Bideford--The merchants send him no supplies--Importunes

them--Goes privately to Bristol--They threaten to discover

him--Goes over to Ireland--Solicits them from thence--Is

very poor--Works his passage over to Plymouth--Walks

to Bideford--Dies a beggar--An account of Avery’s

confederates--Their settlement at Madagascar--They meet

other pirates--An account of them--The pirates deposed, and

why--Marooned on the Island Mauritius--Some account of that

island--The adventures of the company continued--Angria,

an Indian pirate--His strength by land and sea--The East

India Company’s wars with him--The pirates go the island

of Melinda--Their barbarous behaviour there--Hear of

Captain Mackra’s designs against them--Their reflections

thereupon--Sail for Cochin, a Dutch settlement--The

pirates and the Dutch very good friends--Mutual presents

made between the pirates and the Governor--The pirates

in a fright--Almost starved--Take a prize of an immense

value--Take an Ostend East Indiaman--A short description

of Madagascar--A prodigious dividend made by the

pirates--A fellow’s way of increasing his diamonds--Some

of the pirates quit, and join the remains of Avery--The

proceedings of the men-of-war in those parts--Some Dutchmen

petition to be among the pirates--The pirates divided in

their measures--Break up--What became of them.

None of these bold adventurers were ever so much talked of for a while

as Avery: he made as great a noise in the world as Meriveis does now,

and was looked upon to be a person of as great consequence; he was

represented in Europe as one that had raised himself to the dignity of

a king, and was likely to be the founder of a new monarchy, having, as

it was said, taken immense riches and married the Great Mogul’s

daughter, who was taken in an Indian ship which fell into his hands;

and that he had by her many children, living in great royalty and

state; that he built forts, erected magazines, and was master of a

stout squadron of ships, manned with able and desperate fellows of all

nations; that he gave commissions out in his own name to the captains

of his ships and to the commanders of his forts, and was acknowledged

by them as their prince. A play was written upon him, called “The

Successful Pirate”; and these accounts obtained such belief that

several schemes were offered to the Council for fitting out a squadron

to take him, while others were for offering him and his companions an

Act of Grace and inviting them to England, with all their treasure,

lest his growing greatness might hinder the trade of Europe to the

East Indies.

Yet all these were no more than false rumours, improved by the

credulity of some and the humour of others who love to tell strange

things; for while, it is said, he was aspiring at a crown he wanted a

shilling, and at the same time it was given out he was in possession

of such prodigious wealth in Madagascar he was starving in England.

No doubt but the reader will have a curiosity of knowing what became

of this man, and what were the true grounds of so many false reports

concerning him; therefore I shall, in as brief a manner as I can, give

his history.

He was born in the West of England near Plymouth, in Devonshire; being

bred to the sea, he served as a mate of a merchantman in several

trading voyages. It happened before the Peace of Ryswick, when there

was an alliance between Spain, England, Holland, &c. against France,

that the French in Martinico carried on a smuggling trade with the

Spaniards on the continent of Peru, which by the law of Spain is not

allowed to friends in time of peace, for none but native Spaniards are

permitted to traffic in those parts or set their feet on shore, unless

at any time they are brought as prisoners; wherefore they constantly

keep certain ships cruising along the coast, whom they call Guarda del

Costa, who have the orders to make prizes of all ships they can light

of within five leagues of land. Now the French, growing very bold in

trade, and the Spaniards being poorly provided with ships, and those

they had being of no force, it often fell out that when they light of

the French smugglers they were not strong enough to attack them,

therefore it was resolved in Spain to hire two or three stout foreign

ships for their service, which being known at Bristol, some merchants

of that city fitted out two ships of thirty odd guns, and one hundred

and twenty hands each, well furnished with provision and ammunition,

and all other stores; and the hire being agreed for by some agents for

Spain, they were commanded to sail for Corunna--the Groine--there to

receive their orders, and to take on board some Spanish gentlemen who

were to go passengers to New Spain.

Of one of these ships, which I take to be called the _Duke_, Captain

Gibson, commander, Avery was first mate, and being a fellow of more

cunning than courage, he insinuated himself into the good will of

several of the boldest fellows on board the other ship as well as that

which he was on board of. Having sounded their inclinations before he

opened himself, and finding them ripe for his design, he at length

proposed to them to run away with the ship, telling them what great

wealth was to be had upon the coast of India. It was no sooner said

than agreed to, and they resolved to execute their plot at ten o’clock

the night following.

It must be observed the captain was one of those who are mightily

addicted to punch, so that he passed most of his time on shore in some

little drinking ordinary; but this day he did not go on shore as

usual; however, this did not spoil the design, for he took his usual

dose on board, and so got to bed before the hour appointed for the

business. The men also who were not privy to the design turned into

their hammocks, leaving none upon deck but the conspirators, who,

indeed, were the greatest part of the ship’s crew. At the time agreed

on the _Duchess’s_ long-boat appeared, which, Avery hailing in the

usual manner, was answered by the men in her, “Is your drunken

boatswain on board?” which was the watchword agreed between them, and

Avery replying in the affirmative the boat came aboard with sixteen

stout fellows and joined the company.

When our gentry saw that all was clear they secured the hatches, so

went to work; they did not slip the anchor, but weighed it leisurely,

and so put to sea without any disorder or confusion, though there were

several ships then lying in the bay, and among them a Dutch frigate of

forty guns, the captain of which was offered a great reward to go out

after her; but Mynheer, who perhaps would not have been willing to

have been served so himself, could not be prevailed upon to give such

usage to another, and so let Mr. Avery pursue his voyage whither he

had a mind to.

The captain, who by this time was awakened, either by the motion of

the ship or the noise of working the tackles, rung the bell. Avery and

two others went into the cabin. The captain, half asleep, and in a

kind of fright, asked, “What was the matter?” Avery answered coolly,

“Nothing.” The captain replied, “Something’s the matter with the ship.

Does she drive? What weather is it?” thinking nothing less than that

it had been a storm and that the ship was driven from her anchors.

“No, no,” answered Avery, “we’re at sea, with a fair wind and good

weather.” “At sea!” says the captain; “how can that be?” “Come,” says

Avery, “don’t be in a fright, but put on your clothes, and I’ll let

you into a secret. You must know that I am captain of this ship now,

and this is my cabin, therefore you must walk out. I am bound to

Madagascar, with a design of making my own fortune, and that of all

the brave fellows joined with me.”

The captain having a little recovered his senses began to apprehend

the meaning. However, his fright was as great as before, which Avery

perceiving, bade him fear nothing; “for,” says he, “if you have a mind

to make one of us we will receive you, and if you’ll turn sober and

mind your business, perhaps in time I may make you one of my

lieutenants; if not, here’s a boat alongside, and you shall be set

ashore.”

The captain was glad to hear this, and therefore accepted of his

offer; and the whole crew being called up, to know who was willing to

go on shore with the captain and who to seek their fortunes with the

rest, there were not above five or six who were willing to quit this

enterprise. Wherefore they were put into the boat with the captain

that minute and made their way to the shore as well as they could.

They proceeded on their voyage to Madagascar; but I do not find they

took any ships in their way. When they arrived at the north-east part

of that island they found two sloops at anchor, who, upon seeing them,

slipped their cables and run themselves ashore, the men all landing

and running into the woods. These were two sloops which the men had

run away with from the West Indies, and seeing Avery, they supposed

him to be some frigate sent to take them, and therefore not being of

force to engage him they did what they could to save themselves.

He guessed where they were, and sent some of his men on shore to let

them know they were friends, and to offer they might join together for

their common safety. The sloops’ men were well armed, and had posted

themselves in a wood, with sentinels just on the outside to observe

whether the ship landed her men to pursue them, and they observing

only two or three men to come towards them without arms, did not

oppose them; but having challenged them, and they answering that they

were friends, they led them to their body, where they delivered their

message. At first they apprehended it was a stratagem to decoy them on

board, but when the ambassadors offered that the captain himself and

as many of the crew as they should name would meet them on shore

without arms, they believed them to be in earnest, and they soon

entered into a confidence with one another, those on board going on

shore and some of those on shore going on board.

The sloops’ men were rejoiced at the new ally, for their vessels were

so small that they could not attack a ship of any force, so that

hitherto they had not taken any considerable prize; but now they hoped

to fly at high game. And Avery was as well pleased at this

reinforcement to strengthen them for any brave enterprise, and though

the booty must be lessened to each by being divided into so many

shares, yet he found out an expedient not to suffer by it himself, as

shall be shown in its place.

Having consulted what was to be done, they resolved to sail out

together upon a cruise--the galley and two sloops. They therefore fell

to work to get the sloops off, which they soon effected, and steered

towards the Arabian coast. Near the River Indus the man at the

masthead spied a sail, upon which they gave chase, and as they came

nearer to her they perceived her to be a tall ship, and fancied she

might be a Dutch East Indiaman homeward bound; but she proved a better

prize. When they fired at her to bring to she hoisted Mogul’s colours,

and seemed to stand upon her defence. Avery only cannonaded at a

distance, and some of his men began to suspect that he was not the

hero they took him for. However, the sloops made use of their time,

and coming one on the bow and the other on the quarter of the ship,

clapped her on board and entered her, upon which she immediately

struck her colours and yielded. She was one of the Great Mogul’s own

ships, and there were in her several of the greatest persons of his

Court, among whom it was said was one of his daughters, who were going

on a pilgrimage to Mecca, the Mahometans thinking themselves obliged

once in their lives to visit that place; and they were carrying with

them rich offerings to present at the shrine of Mahomet. It is known

that the Eastern people travel with the utmost magnificence, so that

they had with them all their slaves and attendants, their rich habits

and jewels, with vessels of gold and silver, and great sums of money

to defray the charges of their journey by land; wherefore the plunder

got by this prize is not easily computed.

Having taken all the treasure on board their own ships, and plundered

their prize of everything else they either wanted or liked, they let

her go; she not being able to continue her voyage, returned back. As

soon as the news came to the Mogul, and he knew that they were English

who had robbed them, he threatened loud, and talked of sending a

mighty army with fire and sword to extirpate the English from all

their settlements on the Indian coast. The East India Company in

England were very much alarmed at it; however, by degrees they found

means to pacify him, by promising to do their endeavours to take the

robbers and deliver them into his hands; however, the great noise this

thing made in Europe as well as in India, was the occasion of all

these romantic stories which were formed of Avery’s greatness.

In the meantime our successful plunderers agreed to make the best of

their way back to Madagascar, intending to make that place their

magazine or repository for all their treasure, and to build a small

fortification there, and leave a few hands always ashore to look after

it and defend it from any attempts of the natives; but Avery put an

end to this project, and made it altogether unnecessary.

As they were steering their course as has been said, he sends a boat

on board of each of the sloops desiring the chief of them to come on

board of him in order to hold a council; they did so, and he told them

he had something to propose to them for the common good, which was to

provide against accidents; he bade them consider the treasure they

were possessed of would be sufficient for them all if they could

secure it in some place on shore, therefore all they had to fear was

some misfortune in the voyage; he bade them consider the consequences

of being separated by bad weather, in which case the sloops, if either

of them should fall in with any ships of force, must be either taken

or sunk, and the treasure on board her lost to the rest, besides the

common accidents of the sea; as for his part he was so strong he was

able to make his party good with any ship they were likely to meet in

those seas; that if he met with any ship of such strength, and could

not take her, he was safe from being taken, being so well-manned,

besides, his ship was a quick sailor, and could carry sail when their

sloops could not, wherefore he proposed to them to put the treasure on

board his ship, to seal up each chest with three seals, whereof each

was to keep one, and to appoint a rendezvous in case of separation.

Upon considering this proposal it appeared so reasonable to them that

they readily came into it, for they argued to themselves that an

accident might happen to one of the sloops and the other escape,

wherefore it was for the common good. The thing was done as agreed to,

the treasure put on board of Avery, and the chests sealed; they kept

company that day and the next, the weather being fair, in which time

Avery tampered with his men, telling them they now had sufficient to

make them all easy, and what should hinder them from going to some

country where they were not known and living on shore all the rest of

their days in plenty. They understood what he meant, and, in short,

they all agreed to bilk their new allies, the sloops’ men; nor do I

find that any of them felt any qualms of honour rising in his stomach

to hinder them from consenting to this piece of treachery. In fine,

they took advantage of the darkness that night, steered another

course, and by morning lost sight of them.

I leave the reader to judge what swearing and confusion there was

among the sloops’ men in the morning when they saw that Avery had

given them the slip, for they knew by the fairness of the weather and

the course they had agreed to steer, that it must have been done on

purpose. But we leave them at present to follow Mr. Avery.

Avery and his men, having consulted what to do with themselves, came

to a resolution to make the best of their way towards America, and,

none of them being known in those parts, they intended to divide the

treasure, to change their names, to go ashore, some in one place some

in another, to purchase some settlements and live at ease. The first

land they made was the island of Providence, then newly settled; here

they stayed some time, and having considered that when they should go

to New England the greatness of their ship would cause much inquiry

about them, and possibly some people from England who had heard the

story of a ship’s being run away with from the Groine might suspect

them to be the people, they therefore took a resolution of disposing

of their ship at Providence. Upon which Avery, pretending that the

ship being fitted out upon the privateering account and having had no

success, he had received orders from the owners to dispose of her to

the best advantage. He soon met with a purchaser, and immediately

bought a sloop.

In this sloop he and his companions embarked. They touched at several

parts of America, where no person suspected them, and some of them

went on shore, and dispersed themselves about the country, having

received such dividends as Avery would give them, for he concealed the

greatest part of the diamonds from them, which in the first hurry of

plundering the ship they did not much regard, as not knowing their

value.

At length he came to Boston, in New England, and seemed to have a

desire of settling in those parts, and some of his companions went on

shore there also, but he changed his resolution, and proposed to the

few of his companions who were left to sail for Ireland, which they

consented to. He found out that New England was not a proper place for

him, because a great deal of his wealth lay in diamonds, and should he

have produced them there he would have certainly been seized on

suspicion of piracy.

In their voyage to Ireland they avoided St. George’s Channel, and

sailing north about, they put into one of the northern ports of that

kingdom; there they disposed of their sloop, and coming on shore they

separated themselves, some going to Cork, and some to Dublin, eighteen

of whom obtained their pardons afterwards of King William. When Avery

had remained some time in this kingdom he was afraid to offer his

diamonds for sale, lest an inquiry into his manner of coming by them

should occasion a discovery; therefore, considering with himself what

was best to be done, he fancied there were some persons at Bristol

whom he might venture to trust; upon which he resolved to pass over

into England; he did so, and, going into Devonshire, he sent one of

these friends to meet him at a town called Bideford. When he had

communicated himself to his friends, and consulted with them about the

means of his effects, they agreed that the safest method would be to

put them in the hands of some merchants, who, being men of wealth and

credit in the world, no inquiry would be made how they came by them.

This friend telling him he was very intimate with some who were very

fit for the purpose, and if he would but allow them a good commission

would do the business very faithfully. Avery liked the proposal, for

he found no other way of managing his affairs, since he could not

appear in them himself; therefore his friend going back to Bristol and

opening the matter to the merchants they made Avery a visit at

Bideford, where, after some protestations of honour and integrity, he

delivered them his effects, consisting of diamonds and some vessels of

gold; they gave him a little money for his present subsistence, and so

they parted.

He changed his name and lived at Bideford without making any figure,

and therefore there was no great notice taken of him; yet let one or

two of his relations know where he was, who came to see him. In some

time his little money was spent, yet he heard nothing from his

merchants. He wrote to them often, and after much importunity they

sent him a small supply, but scarce sufficient to pay his debts; in

fine, the supplies they sent him from time were so small that they

were not sufficient to give him bread, nor could he get that little

without a great deal of trouble and importunity; wherefore, being

weary of his life, he went privately to Bristol to speak to the

merchants himself, where, instead of money he met a most shocking

repulse, for when he desired them to come to an account with him they

silenced him by threatening to discover him, so that our merchants

were as good pirates on land as he was on sea.

Whether he was frightened by these menaces, or had seen somebody else

he thought knew him, is not known; but he went immediately over to

Ireland, and from thence solicited his merchants very hard for a

supply, but to no purpose, for he was even reduced to beggary. In this

extremity he was resolved to return and cast himself upon them, let

the consequences be what it would. He put himself on board a trading

vessel, and worked his passage over to Plymouth, from whence he

travelled on foot to Bideford, where he had been but a few days before

he fell sick and died, not being worth as much as would buy him a

coffin.

Thus have I given all that could be collected of any certainty

concerning this man, rejecting the idle stories which were made of his

fantastic greatness, by which it appears that his actions were more

inconsiderable than those of other pirates since him, though he made

more noise in the world.

Now we shall turn back and give our readers some account of what

became of the two sloops.

We took notice of the rage and confusion which must have seized them

upon their missing of Avery. However, they continued their course,

some of them still flattering themselves that he had only outsailed

them in the night, and that they should find him at the place of

rendezvous. But when they came there, and could hear no tidings of him

there was end of hope. It was time to consider what they should do

with themselves; their stock of sea provision was almost spent, and

though there was rice and fish, and fowl to be had ashore, yet these

would not keep for sea without being properly cured with salt, which

they had no conveniences of doing; therefore, since they could not go

a-cruising any more, it was time to think of establishing themselves

on land; to which purpose they took all things out of the sloops, made

tents of the sails, and encamped themselves, having a large quantity

of ammunition and abundance of small arms.

Here they met with several of their countrymen, the crew of a

privateer sloop which was commanded by Captain Thomas Tew; and, since

it will be but a short digression, we will give an account how they

came here.

Captain George Dew and Captain Thomas Tew having received commissions

from the then Governor of Bermudas to sail directly for the river

Gambia in Africa, there, with the advice and assistance of the agents

of the Royal African Company, to attempt the taking the French factory

at Goorie, lying upon that coast. In a few days after they sailed out,

Dew, in a violent storm, not only sprung his mast, but lost sight of

his consort; Dew therefore returned back to refit, and Tew, instead of

proceeding on his voyage, made for the Cape of Good Hope, and doubling

the said Cape, shaped his course for the Straits of Babel Mandel,

being the entrance into the Red Sea. Here he came up with a large

ship, richly laden, bound from the Indies to Arabia, with three

hundred soldiers on board, besides seamen; yet Tew had the hardiness

to board her, and soon carried her; and it is said by this prize his

men shared near three thousand pounds a-piece. They had intelligence

from the prisoners of five other rich ships to pass that way, which

Tew would have attacked, though they were very strong, if he had not

been overruled by the quartermaster and others. This differing in

opinion created some ill blood amongst them, so that they resolved to

break up pirating, and no place was so fit to receive them as

Madagascar; hither they steered, resolving to live on shore and enjoy

what they got.

As for Tew himself, he, with a few others, in a short time went off to

Rhode Island, from whence he made his peace.

Thus have we accounted for the company our pirates met with here.

It must be observed that the natives of Madagascar are a kind of

negroes; they differ from those of Guinea in their hair, which is

long, and their complexion is not so good a jet; they have innumerable

little princes among them, who are continually making war upon one

another; their prisoners are their slaves, and they either sell them

or put them to death as they please. When our pirates first settled

amongst them their alliance was much courted by these princes, so they

sometimes joined one, sometimes another, but wheresoever they sided

they were sure to be victorious, for the negroes here had no firearms,

nor did they understand their use; so that at length these pirates

became so terrible to the negroes that if two or three of them were

only seen on one side when they were going to engage, the opposite

side would fly without striking a blow.

By these means they not only became feared, but powerful; all the

prisoners of war they took to be their slaves; they married the most

beautiful of the negro women, not one or two, but as many as they

liked; so that every one of them had as great a seraglio as the Grand

Seignior at Constantinople. Their slaves they employed in planting

rice, in fishing, hunting, &c., besides which they had abundance of

others who lived, as it were, under their protection, and to be secure

from their disturbances or attacks of their powerful neighbours, these

seemed to pay them a willing homage. Now they began to divide from one

another, each living with his own wives, slaves, and dependents, like

a separate prince; and as power and plenty naturally beget contention,

they sometimes quarrelled with one another, and attacked each other at

the head of their several armies; and in these civil wars many of them

were killed; but an incident happened which obliged them to unite

again for their common safety.

It must be observed that these sudden great men had used their power

like tyrants, for they grew wanton in cruelty, and nothing was more

common than, upon the slightest displeasure, to cause one of their

dependents to be tied to a tree and shot through the heart--let the

crime be what it would, whether little or great, this was always the

punishment; wherefore the negroes conspired together to rid themselves

of these destroyers all in one night; and as they now lived separate

the thing might easily have been done had not a woman, who had been

wife or concubine to one of them, run near twenty miles in three hours

to discover the matter to them. Immediately upon the alarm they ran

together as fast as they could, so that when the negroes approached

them they found them all up in arms; wherefore they retired without

making any attempt.

This escape made them very cautious from that time, and it will be

worth while to describe the policy of these brutish fellows, and to

show what measures they took to secure themselves.

They found that the fear of their power could not secure them against

a surprise, and the bravest man may be killed when he is asleep by one

much his inferior in courage and strength; therefore, as their first

security, they did all they could to foment war between the

neighbouring negroes, remaining neuter themselves, by which means

those who were overcome constantly fled to them for protection,

otherwise they must be either killed or made slaves. They strengthened

their party, and tied some to them by interest; when there was no war

they contrived to spirit up private quarrels among them, and upon

every little dispute or misunderstanding push on one side or other to

revenge, instruct them how to attack or surprise their adversaries,

and lend them loaded pistols or firelocks to dispatch them with, the

consequence of which was that the murderer was forced to fly to them

for the safety of his life with his wives, children, and kindred.

Such as these were fast friends, as their lives depended upon the

safety of the protectors; for, as we observed before, our pirates were

grown so terrible that none of their neighbours had resolution enough

to attack them in an open war.

By such arts as these, in the space of a few years their body was

greatly increased; they then began to separate themselves and remove

at a greater distance from one another for the convenience of more

ground, and were divided, like Jews, into tribes, each carrying with

him his wives and children (of which by this time they had a large

family), as also their quota of dependents and followers. And if power

and command be the thing which distinguish a prince, these ruffians

had all the marks of royalty about them; nay more, they had the very

fears which commonly disturb tyrants, as may be seen by the extreme

caution they took in fortifying the places where they dwelt.

In this plan of fortification they imitated one another. Their

dwellings were rather citadels than houses; they made choice of a

place overgrown with a wood, and situate near a water; they raised a

rampart or high ditch round it, so straight and high that it was

impossible to climb it, and especially by those who had not the use of

scaling ladders; over this ditch there was one passage into the wood;

the dwelling, which was a hut, was built in that part of the wood

which the prince who inhabited it thought fit, but so covered that it

could not be seen till you came to it; but the greatest cunning lay in

the passage which led to the hut, which was so narrow that no more

than one person could go abreast, and contrived in so intricate a

manner that it was a perfect maze or labyrinth, it being round and

round, with several little cross-ways, so that a person that was not

well acquainted with the way might walk several hours round and cross

these ways without being able to find the hut; moreover, all along the

sides of these narrow paths certain large thorns which grew upon a

tree in that country were struck into the ground with their points

uppermost, and the path itself, being made crooked and serpentine, if

a man should attempt to come near the hut at night he would certainly

have stuck upon these thorns, though he had been provided with that

clue which Ariadne gave to Theseus when he entered the cave of the

Minotaur.

Thus tyrant-like they lived, fearing and feared by all; and in this

situation they were found by Captain Woods Rogers when he went to

Madagascar in the _Delicia_, a ship of forty guns, with a design of

buying slaves, in order to sell to the Dutch at Batavia or New

England. He happened to touch upon a part of the island where no ship

had been seen for seven or eight years before, where he met with some

of the pirates, at which time they had been upon the island above

twenty-five years, having a large motley generation of children and

grandchildren descended from them, there being about that time eleven

of them remaining alive.

Upon their first seeing a ship of this force and burthen they supposed

it to be a man-of-war sent to take them; they therefore lurked within

their fastnesses; but when some from the ship came on shore without

any show of hostility, and offering to trade with the negroes, they

ventured to come out of their holes, attended like princes; and since

they actually are kings _de facto_, which is a kind of a right, we

ought to speak of them as such.

Having been so many years upon this island it may be imagined their

clothes had long been worn out, so that their majesties were extremely

out at the elbows; I cannot say they were ragged, since they had no

clothes--they had nothing to cover them but the skins of beasts

without any tanning, but with all their hair on, nor a shoe nor

stocking, so they looked like the pictures of Hercules in the lion’s

skin; and being overgrown with beard, and hair upon their bodies, they

appeared the most savage figures that a man’s imagination can frame.

However, they soon got rigged, for they sold great numbers of those

poor people under them for clothes, knives, saws, powder and ball, and

many other things, and became so familiar that they went aboard the

_Delicia_, and were observed to be very curious, examining the inside

of the ship, and very familiar with the men, inviting them ashore.

Their design in doing this, as they afterwards confessed, was to try

if it was not practicable to surprise the ship in the night, which

they judged very easy in case there was but a slender watch kept on

board, they having boats and men enough at command; but it seems the

captain was aware of them, and kept so strong a watch upon deck that

they found it was in vain to make any attempt; wherefore, when some of

the men went ashore they were for inveigling them and drawing them

into a plot for seizing the captain, and securing the rest of the men

under hatches when they should have the night-watch, promising a

signal to come on board and join them, proposing, if they succeeded,

to go a-pirating together, not doubting but with that ship they should

be able to take anything they met on the sea. But the captain,

observing an intimacy growing between them and some of his men,

thought it could be for no good; he therefore broke it off in time,

not suffering them so much as to talk together; and when he sent a

boat on shore with an officer to treat with them about the sale of

slaves, the crew remained on board the boat, and no man was suffered

to talk with them but the person deputed by him for that purpose.

Before he sailed away, and they found that nothing was to be done,

they confessed all the designs they had formed against him. Thus he

left them as he found them, in a great deal of dirty state and

royalty, but with fewer subjects than they had, having, as we

observed, sold many of them; and if ambition be the darling passion of

men, no doubt they were happy. One of these great princes had formerly

been a waterman upon the Thames, where, having committed a murder, he

fled to the West Indies, and was of the number of those who ran away

with the sloops, the rest had been all foremast men, nor was there a

man amongst them who could either read or write, and yet their

Secretaries of State had no more learning than themselves. This is all

the account we can give of these kingdoms of Madagascar, some of whom

it is probable are reigning to this day.

THE END.

UNWIN BROTHERS, THE GRESHAM PRESS, CHILWORTH AND LONDON.

[Illustration: Select Books

PUBLISHED BY

MR. T. FISHER UNWIN

London:

PATERNOSTER SQUARE.

MDCCCXCI.]

The Adventure Series.

_Averaging 400 pp. each._

Large crown 8vo., cloth, 5s. each, fully Illustrated.

The desire of the English people for genuine accounts of the

adventures of their fellows has at present chiefly called forth the

ingenious absurdities of writers who have always stopped at home. To

dispel the idea that adventures are confined to Africa, Mr. T. FISHER

UNWIN has in hand a Collection which will include the narratives of

Travellers, Soldiers, Seamen, Prisoners who have escaped from

Captivity, early Emigrants, Famous Robbers, Pirates and Buccaneers,

Adventurers for Profit, and Adventurers for Pleasure. While most of

the volumes published will be necessarily reprints, with full

introductions by various Eminent Hands, the publisher designs to

include in his Series the exploits of contemporaries, English and

Foreign. Of the first four volumes in the Series it is superfluous to

speak,--the names of Trelawny, the friend of Byron and Shelley; of

Robert Drury, the early authority on Madagascar; of John Shipp, the

soldier who twice rose from the ranks to a commission; of Pellow, the

undaunted Cornishman who lived for twenty-three years a captive among

the savage Moors;--these names speak for themselves. But of volumes to

come a word may be said. Professor Vambéry has in preparation a volume

on the life of a man whose adventures are even more entertaining and

interesting than those of the celebrated Professor himself; an eminent

American, known for his dealings with _Pirates_, has a volume in

preparation on _The Buccaneers_; an Englishman of equal celebrity is

giving his attention to the claims of an English, a Scotch, and an

Irish Robber; these and many other subjects will find a place. Taking

for his motto Lord Beaconsfield’s aphorism “_Adventures are to the

Adventurous_” the publisher launches the Series, assured that though

his undertaking be of Adventure, the public will not deem it

venturous.

I.

The Adventures of a Younger Son.

By E. J. TRELAWNY. With an Introduction by EDWARD GARNETT.

Second Edition. Illustrated with several Portraits of Trelawny,

Cuts illustrating his Greek Adventures, and an Autograph Letter.

II.

Robert Drury’s Journal in Madagascar.

With Preface and Notes by CAPT. S. P. OLIVER, Author of “Madagascar.”

Illustrated with Maps and curious Cuts.

III.

Memoirs of the Extraordinary Military Career of John Shipp.

With Introduction by H. MANNERS CHICHESTER. Illustrated.

IV.

The Adventures of Thomas Pellow, of Penryn, Mariner.

(Three-and-Twenty Years in Captivity among the Moors.)

Written by Himself; and Edited, with an Introduction and Notes,

by DR. ROBERT BROWN. Illustrated from Contemporaneous Prints.

V.

The Buccaneers and Marooners of America:

Being an account of the Famous Adventures and Daring Deeds

of certain notorious Freebooters of the Spanish Main.

Edited by HOWARD PYLE. Illustrated.

(_Others in the Press. Prospectus forwarded on application._)

_Catalogue of Select Books in Belles Lettres, History, Biography,

Theology, Travel, Miscellaneous, and Books for Children._

Belles Lettres.

=Gypsy Sorcery and Fortune Telling.= Illustrated by numerous Incantations,

Specimens of Medical Magic, Anecdotes and Tales, by CHARLES

GODFREY LELAND (“Hans Breitman”), President of the Gypsy

Lore Society, &c., &c. With numerous Illustrations and

Initial Letters drawn by the Author. Small 4to., cloth, 16s.

Limited Edition of 150 Copies, numbered and signed, demy

4to., price £1 11s. 6d. nett, to subscribers only.

This volume is one of the most important contributions of

late years to the study of Folk Lore, and is drawn from the

most interesting and curious sources, setting forth the

magical practices of the Romany in different Countries, and

their strange beliefs.

=Dreams.= By OLIVE SCHREINER, Author of “The Story of an African Farm.” With

Portrait. Fcap. 8vo. buckram, gilt, 6s.

CONTENTS:--1. The Lost Joy.--2. The Hunter.--3. The Gardens

of Pleasure--4. In a Far-off World.--5. Three Dreams in a

Desert.--6. A Dream of Wild Bees.--7. In a Ruined

Chapel.--8. Life’s Gifts.--9. The Artist’s Secret.--10. I

Thought I Stood----.-11. The Moonlight Fell across my Bed.

=Gottfried Keller:= A Selection of his Tales. Translated, with a

Memoir, by KATE FREILIGRATH KROEKER, Translator of “Brentano’s

Fairy Tales.” With Portrait. Crown 8vo., cloth, 6s.

Keller is the greatest Swiss romancer of modern days.

=The English Novel in the Time of Shakespeare.= By J. J. JUSSERAND,

Author of “English Wayfaring Life.” Translated by Elizabeth

Lee, Revised and Enlarged by the Author. Illustrated by Six

Heliogravures by DUJARDIN, of Paris, and 21 full-page and many

smaller Illustrations in facsimile. Demy 8vo., handsome cloth,

gilt tops, 21s.

“Here we have learned, yet not at all wearisome,

descriptions of the works which led up to the novel as we

now understand it.... Dr. Jusserand’s agreeable style in

recounting the origin of the modern literary ‘three decker’

makes his book, though historically valuable, very pleasant

reading.”--_Daily Telegraph._

==English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages (XIVth Century). By J. J.

JUSSERAND. Translated from the French by LUCY A. TOULMIN SMITH.

Illustrated. Third Edition. Demy 8vo., cloth, 12s.

“This is an extremely fascinating book, and it is surprising

that several years should have elapsed before it was brought

out in an English dress. However, we have lost nothing by

waiting.”--_Times._

=The Letters of Horace Walpole.= Selected and Edited, with

Introduction and Notes, by CHARLES DUKE YONGE, M.A. Portraits

and Illustrations. Limited Edition of 750 copies in Two Vols.,

medium 8vo., cloth, 32s.

“Have been carefully edited, and, moreover, contain

admirable illustrations.”--_Guardian._

=The Trials of a Country Parson:= Some Fugitive Papers by Rev. A.

JESSOPP, D.D., Author of “Arcady,” “The Coming of the Friars,”

&c. Crown 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“Sparkles with fresh and unforced humour, and abounds in

genial common-sense.”--_Scotsman._

=The Coming of the Friars,= And other Mediæval Sketches. By the Rev.

AUGUSTUS JESSOPP, D.D., Author of “Arcady: For Better, For

Worse,” &c. Third Edition. Crown 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“Always interesting and frequently fascinating.”--_St.

James’s Gazette._

=Arcady: For Better, For Worse.= By AUGUSTUS JESSOPP, D.D., Author of

“One Generation of a Norfolk House.” Portrait. Popular Edition.

Crown 8vo., cloth, 3s. 6d.

“A volume which is, to our minds, one of the most delightful

ever published in English.”--_Spectator._

=The Twilight of the Gods.= By RICHARD GARNETT, LL.D. Crown 8vo.,

cloth, 6s.

“If imagination and style constitute the true elixir of

literary life, Dr. Garnett’s ‘Twilight of the Gods’ should

live.”--_British Weekly._

=Light and Shadow: A Novel.= By EDWARD GARNETT, Author of “The

Paradox Club.” Crown 8vo., cloth, 6s.

“An exceedingly clever book.”--_Daily News._

=The Paradox Club.= By EDWARD GARNETT. With Portrait of Nina Lindon.

Second Edition. Crown 8vo., limp cloth, 3s. 6d.

“Mr. Garnett’s dialogue is often quite as good as his

description, and in description he is singularly happy. The

mystery of London streets by night is powerfully suggested,

and the realistic force of his night-pieces is enhanced by

the vague and Schumann-like sentiment that pervades

them.”--_Saturday Review._

=Soul-Shapes.= Crown 4to., with four coloured plates of Souls on

hand-made paper, with Japanese vellum cover, 3s. 6d.

=Robert Browning: Personal Notes.= Frontispiece. Small crown 8vo.,

parchment, 4s. 6d.

“Every lover of Browning will wish to possess this

exquisitely-printed and as exquisitely-bound little

volume.”--_Yorkshire Daily Post._

=Old Chelsea.= A Summer-Day’s Stroll. By Dr. BENJAMIN ELLIS MARTIN.

Illustrated by Joseph Pennell. Second Edition. Crown 8vo.,

cloth, 7s. 6d.

“Dr. Martin has produced an interesting account of old

Chelsea, and he has been well seconded by his

coadjutor.”--_Athenæum._

=Euphorion:= Studies of the Antique and the Mediæval in the

Renaissance. By VERNON LEE. Cheap Edition, in one volume. Demy

8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“It is the fruit, as every page testifies, of singularly

wide reading and independent thought, and the style combines

with much picturesqueness a certain largeness of volume,

that reminds us more of our earlier writers than those of

our own time.”--_Contemporary Review._

=Studies of the Eighteenth Century in Italy.= By VERNON LEE. Demy

8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“These studies show a wide range of knowledge of the

subject, precise investigation, abundant power of

illustration, and hearty enthusiasm.... The style of writing

is cultivated, neatly adjusted, and markedly

clever.”--_Saturday Review._

=Belcaro:= Being Essays on Sundry Æsthetical Questions. By VERNON

LEE. Crown 8vo., cloth, 5s.

=Juvenilia:= A Second Series of Essays on Sundry Æsthetical

Questions. By VERNON LEE. Two vols. Small crown 8vo., cloth, 12s.

“To discuss it properly would require more space than a

single number of ‘The Academy’ could afford.”--_Academy._

=Baldwin:= Dialogues on Views and Aspirations, By VERNON LEE. Demy

8vo., cloth, 12s.

“The dialogues are written with ... an intellectual courage

which shrinks from no logical conclusion.”--_Scotsman._

=Ottilie:= An Eighteenth Century Idyl. By VERNON LEE. Square 8vo.,

cloth extra, 3s. 6d.

“A graceful little sketch.... Drawn with full insight into

the period described.”--_Spectator._

=Introductory Studies in Greek Art.= Delivered in the British Museum

by JANE E. HARRISON. With Illustrations. Square imperial 16mo.,

7s. 6d.

“The best work of its kind in English.”--_Oxford Magazine._

=The Fleet:= Its River, Prison, and Marriages. By JOHN ASHTON,

Author of “Social Life in the Reign of Queen Anne,” &c. With

70 Drawings by the Author from Original Pictures. Second and

Cheaper Edition, cloth, 7s. 6d.

=Romances of Chivalry:= Told and Illustrated in Fac-simile by JOHN

ASHTON. Forty-six Illustrations. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown

8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“The result (of the reproduction of the wood blocks) is as

creditable to his artistic, as the text is to his literary,

ability.”--_Guardian._

=The Dawn of the Nineteenth Century in England:= A Social Sketch

of the Times. By JOHN ASHTON. Cheaper Edition, in one vol.

Illustrated. Large crown 8vo., 10s. 6d.

“The book is one continued source of pleasure and interest,

and opens up a wide field for speculation and comment, and

many of us will look upon it as an important contribution to

contemporary history, not easily available to others than

close students.”--_Antiquary._

=Chopin, and Other Musical Essays.= By HENRY T. FINCK, Author of

“Romantic Love and Personal Beauty.” Crown 8vo., cloth, 6s.

“The six essays are all written with great thoroughness, and

the interest of each one is admirably sustained

throughout.”--_Freeman’s Journal._

=The Temple:= Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations. By Mr. GEORGE

HERBERT. New and fourth edition, with Introductory Essay by J.

HENRY SHORTHOUSE. Small crown, sheep, 5s.

_A facsimile reprint of the Original Edition of 1633._

“This charming reprint has a fresh value added to it by the

Introductory Essay of the Author of ‘John Inglesant.’”--_Academy._

=Songs, Ballads, and A Garden Play.= By A. MARY F. ROBINSON,

Author of “An Italian Garden.” With Frontispiece of Dürer’s

“Melancholia.” Small crown 8vo., half bound, vellum, 5s.

“The romantic ballads have grace, movement, passion and

strength.”--_Spectator._ “Marked by sweetness of melody and

truth of colour.”--_Academy._

=Essays towards a Critical Method.= Studies in English Literature. By

JOHN M. ROBERTSON. Cr. 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“His essays are always shrewd and readable. His criticisms

on the critics are enjoyable for the irony (conscious or

unconscious) that is in them; and the book will not fail to

please lovers of literature and literary history, and to

prove suggestive to the critical.”--_Scotsman._

=The Lazy Minstrel.= By J. ASHBY-STERRY, Author of “Boudoir Ballads.”

Fourth and Popular Edition. Frontispiece by E. A. ABBEY. Fcap.

8vo., cloth, 2s. 6d.

“One of the lightest and brightest writers of vers de

société.” _St. James’s Gazette._

=Caroline Schlegel, and Her Friends.= By Mrs. ALFRED SIDGWICK. With

Steel Portrait. Crown 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“This is a singularly brilliant, delicate and fascinating

sketch--one of the most skilful pieces of literary

workmanship we have seen for a long time.... Mrs. Sidgwick

is a writer of very unusual equipment, power and promise.”

_British Weekly._

=Amos Kilbright:= His Adscititious Adventures. With other Stories. By

FRANK R. STOCKTON. 8vo., cloth, 3s. 6d.

“Mr. Stockton is the quaintest of living humorists.”--_Academy._

History.

=The Vikings in Western Christendom,= A.D. 789-888. By C. F. KEARY,

Author of “Outlines of Primitive Belief,” “The Dawn of History,”

&c. With Map and Tables. Demy 8vo., cloth, 16s.

=National Life and Thought;= Or, Lectures on Various Nations of the

World. Delivered at South Place Institute by Professor THOROLD

ROGERS, J. S. COTTON MINCHIN, W. R. MORFILL, F. H. GROOME, J.

THEODORE BENT, Professor A. PÜLSKY, EIRIKE MAGNUSSON, and other

Specialists. Demy 8vo., cloth, 10s. 6d.

These Lectures attracted much attention in the Session of

1889-90, and are now reprinted to meet the desire of a very

large public. In each case the authors have striven to put

their audience in thorough sympathy with the National Life

and Thought of the Nations treated of.

=Battles and Leaders of the American Civil War.= An Authoritative

History, written by Distinguished Participants on both sides.

Edited by ROBERT U. JOHNSON and CLARENCE C. BUEL, of the

Editorial Staff of “The Century Magazine.” Four Volumes, Royal

8vo., elegantly bound, £5 5s.

LORD WOLSELEY, in writing a series of articles in the _North

American Review_ on this work, says: “The Century Company

has, in my judgment, done a great service to the soldiers of

all armies by the publication of these records of the great

War.”

=Diary of the Parnell Commission.= Revised with Additions, from _The

Daily News_. By JOHN MACDONALD, M.A. Large crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.

“Mr. Macdonald has done his work well.”--_Speaker._

=The End of the Middle Ages:= Essays and Questions in History. By A.

MARY F. ROBINSON (Madame Darmesteter). Demy 8vo., cloth, 10s. 6d.

“We travel from convent to palace, find ourselves among all

the goodness, the wisdom, the wildness, the wickedness, the

worst and the best of that wonderful time. We meet with

devoted saints and desperate sinners.... We seem to have

made many new acquaintances whom before we only knew by name

among the names of history.... We can heartily recommend

this book to every one who cares for the study of history,

especially in its most curious and fascinating period, the

later middle age.”--_Spectator._

=The Federalist:= A Commentary in the Form of Essays on the United

States Constitution. By ALEXANDER HAMILTON, and others. Edited

by HENRY CABOT LODGE. Demy 8vo., Roxburgh binding, 10s. 6d.

“The importance of the Essays can hardly be exaggerated.”--

_Glasgow Mail._

=The Story of the Nations.= Crown 8vo., Illustrated, and furnished

with Maps and Indexes, each 5s.

“L’interessante serie l’Histoire des Nations formera ... un

cours d’histoire universelle d’une très grande

valeur.”--_Journal des Debats._

“That useful series.”--_The Times._

“An admirable series.”--_Spectator._

“That excellent series.”--_Guardian._

“The series is likely to be found indispensable in every

school library.”--_Paul Mall Gazette._

“This valuable series.”--_Nonconformist._

“Admirable series of historical monographs.”--_Echo._

“Each volume is written by one of the most foremost English

authorities on the subject with which it deals.... It is

almost impossible to over-estimate the value of a series of

carefully prepared volumes, such as are the majority of

those comprising this library.... The illustrations make one

of the most attractive features of the series.”--_The

Guardian._

=Rome.= By ARTHUR GILMAN, M.A., Author of “A History of the American

People,” &c. Third edition.

=The Jews.= In Ancient, Mediæval, and Modern Times. By Prof. J. K.

HOSMER. Second edition.

=Germany.= By Rev. S. BARING-GOULD, Author of “Curious Myths of the

Middle Ages,” &c. Second edition.

=Carthage.= By Prof. ALFRED J. CHURCH, Author of “Stories from the

Classics,” &c. Third edition.

=Alexander’s Empire.= By Prof. J. P. MAHAFFY, Author of “Social Life

in Greece.” Fourth edition.

=The Moors in Spain.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE, Author of “Studies in a

Mosque.” Third edition.

=Ancient Egypt.= By Canon RAWLINSON, Author of “The Five Great

Monarchies of the World.” Third edition.

=Hungary.= By Prof. ARMINIUS VAMBÉRY, Author of “Travels in Central

Asia.” Second edition.

=The Saracens:= From the Earliest Times to the Fall of Bagdad. By

ARTHUR GILMAN, M.A., Author of “Rome,” &c.

=Ireland.= By the Hon. EMILY LAWLESS, Author of “Hurrish.” Third

edition.

=Chaldea.= By Z. A. RAGOZIN, Author of “Assyria,” &c. Second edition.

=The Goths.= By HENRY BRADLEY. Second edition.

=Assyria.= By ZÉNAÏDE A. RAGOZIN, Author of “Chaldea,” &c.

=Turkey.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE. Second edition.

=Holland.= By Professor THOROLD ROGERS. Second edition.

=Mediæval France.= By GUSTAVE MASSON. Second edition.

=Persia.= By S. G. W. BENJAMIN. Second edition.

=Phœnicia.= By CANON RAWLINSON.

=Media.= By Z. A. RAGOZIN.

=The Hansa Towns.= By HELEN ZIMMERN.

=Early Britain.= By Prof. A. J. CHURCH, Author of “Carthage,” &c.

=Russia.= By W. R. MORFILL, M.A.

=The Barbary Corsairs.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE.

=The Jews under the Roman Empire.= By W. DOUGLAS MORRISON, M.A.

=Scotland=. By JOHN MACINTOSH, LL.D.

=Switzerland.= By LINA HUG and R. STEAD.

=Mexico.= By SUSAN HALE.

(_For further information, see “Nation Series” Catalogue. Sent to any

address on application to the Publisher._)

Biography.

=The Autobiography of Joseph Jefferson= (“Rip Van Winkle”). With many

full-page Portraits and other Illustrations. Royal 8vo., 16s.

This celebrated actor’s autobiography is one of the most

amusing ever penned. It abounds in droll stories and

anecdotes of theatrical life, and is copious in

recollections of the famous people of all ranks Jefferson

mixed with.

=Nelson:= The Public and Private Life of Horatio, Viscount Nelson.

By G. LATHOM BROWNE, Barrister-at-Law, Author of “Wellington,”

“Narratives of State Trials,” &c. With Heliogravure frontispiece

Portrait, 11 full-page Illustrations of portraits and relics of

Nelson, hitherto unpublished, and 4 Maps. Demy 8vo., cloth, gilt

tops, 18s.

Mr. Lathom Browne has had access to the documents and relics

of Nelson in the possession of Earl Nelson and Viscount

Bridport (Duke of Bronté); and by the thorough

re-examination of all existing material has presented what

has long been wanting--an impartial, exhaustive, and

critical Life of Nelson, told largely from the point of view

of his own letters and eye witnesses of his naval career.

=Abraham Lincoln:= A History. By JOHN G. NICOLAY and JOHN HAY. With

many full-page Illustrations, Portraits, and Maps. Royal 8vo.,

complete in 10 vols., bound in cloth, price £6 the Set.

“We claim for our work that we have devoted to it twenty

years of almost unremitting assiduity; that we have

neglected no means in our power to ascertain the truth; that

we have rejected no authentic facts essential to a candid

story; that we have had no theory to establish, no personal

grudge to gratify, no unavowed objects to subserve. We have

aimed to write a sufficiently full and absolutely honest

history of a great man and a great time.”--_Extract from

Author’s Preface._

=Sir John Hawkwood (l’Acuto).= Story of a Condottiere. Translated

from the Italian of John Temple-Leader and Giuseppe Marcotti, by

LEADER SCOTT. Illustrated. Royal 8vo., bound in buckram, gilt

tops. Limited Edition.

“The career of such a man was well worth recording.... A

valuable and interesting book.”--_Glasgow Herald._

=The Life & Times of William Lloyd GARRISON.= From 1840-1879. By HIS

CHILDREN. Vols. III. and IV., completing the work. Portraits and

Illustrations. Demy 8vo., cloth, 30s.

“There is something to be learnt in every page, and the

diversity of subjects taken up by this strong, resolute

nature, make it altogether a book of the age.”--_Daily

Telegraph._

=Anne Gilchrist:= Her Life and Writings. Edited by HERBERT

HARLAKENDEN GILCHRIST. Prefatory Notice by WILLIAM MICHAEL

ROSSETTI. Second edition. Twelve Illustrations. Demy 8vo.,

cloth, 16s.

=Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola.= By PASQUALE VILLARI.

Translated by LINDA VILLARI. Portraits and Illustrations. Two

vols. Third Edition, with New Preface. Demy 8vo., cloth, 21s.

“We welcome the translation of this excellent work--which is

all a translation ought to be.”--_Spectator._

=Charles Dickens as I knew Him:= The Story of the Reading Tours in

Great Britain and America (1866-1870). By GEORGE DOLBY. New and

cheaper edition. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d.

“It will be welcome to all lovers of Dickens for Dickens’

own sake.”--_Athenæum._

=Ole Bull: A Memoir.= By SARA C. BULL. With Ole Bull’s “Violin Notes”

and Dr. A. B. Crosby’s “Anatomy of the Violinist.” Portraits.

Second edition. Crown 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

=Johannes Brahms:= A Biographical Sketch. By Dr. HERMAN DEITERS.

Translated, with additions, by ROSA NEWMARCH. Edited, with a

Preface, by J. A. FULLER MAITLAND. Portrait. Small crown 8vo.,

cloth, 6s.

=The Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat.= By their Son, JOHN SMITH

MOFFAT. Sixth edition. Portraits, Illustrations, and Maps. Crown

8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.; Popular Edition, crown 8vo., 3s. 6d.

“The biographer has done his work with reverent care, and in

a straightforward unaffected style.”--_Contemporary Review._

=The German Emperor and Empress:= The Late Frederick III. and

Victoria. The Story of their Lives. By DOROTHEA ROBERTS.

Portraits. Crown 8vo., cloth, 2s. 6d.

“A book sure to be popular in domestic circles.”--_The Graphic._

=Arminius Vambéry:= His Life and Adventures. Written by Himself. With

Portrait and Fourteen Illustrations. Fifth and Popular Edition.

Square Imperial 16mo., cloth extra, 6s.

“The work is written in a most captivating manner.”--_Novoe

Vremya, Moscow._

Theology and Philosophy.

=The Wider Hope:= Essays and Strictures on the Doctrine and

Literature of a Future. By Numerous Writers, Lay and Clerical:

Canon FARRAR, the late Principal TULLOCH, the late Rev. J.

BALDWIN BROWN, the Very Rev. E. H. PLUMPTRE, D.D., Rev. WILLIAM

ARTHUR, Rev. JAMES H. RIGG, Rev. HENRY ALLON, D.D. With a Paper

by THOMAS DE QUINCEY, and a Bibliography of Recent Eschatology

as contained in the British Museum. Crown 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“A mass of material which will certainly prove useful to

students of the subject. Here they will find a large body of

valuable opinion on a topic perennially

attractive.”--_Globe._

=The Treasure Book of Consolation:= For all in Sorrow or Suffering.

By BENJAMIN ORME, M.A. Popular Edition. Crown 8vo., cloth extra,

gilt edges, 3s. 6d.

“It is a useful book for ministers, and will prove an

invaluable boon for those in whose special interest it has

been compiled.”--_Christian World._

=The Questions of the Bible, Arranged in the Order of the Books of

Scripture, with Connective Readings and Tables. By W. CARNELLEY.

Demy 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“The book will be a useful one for theologians and

students.”--_Fireside News._

“A book of peculiar value to all who study the

Bible.”--_Christian._

=The House and Its Builder,= with Other Discourses: A Book for the

Doubtful. By Dr. SAMUEL COX. Third Edition. Small crown 8vo.,

paper, 2s. 6d.; cloth, 3s.

=“Expositions.”= By the same Author. In Four Volumes, demy 8vo.,

cloth, price 7s. 6d. each

“We have said enough to show our high opinion of Dr. Cox’s

volume. It is indeed full of suggestion.... A valuable

volume.”--_The Spectator._

“Here, too, we have the clear exegetical insight, the lucid

expository style, the chastened but effective eloquence, the

high ethical standpoint, which secured for the earlier

series a well-nigh unanimous award of

commendation.”--_Academy._

“When we say that the volume possesses all the intellectual,

moral, and spiritual characteristics which have won for its

author so distinguished a place among the religious teachers

of our time ... what further recommendation can be

necessary?”--_Nonconformist._

=The Risen Christ:= The King of Men. By the late Rev. J. BALDWIN

BROWN, M.A. Second and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo., cloth, 3s.

6d.

“We have again felt in reading these nervous, spiritual, and

eloquent sermons how great a preacher has passed

away.”--_Nonconformist._

=Christian Facts and Forces.= By the Rev. NEWMAN SMYTH, Author of

“The Reality of Faith.” New edition. Crown 8vo., cloth, 4s. 6d.

“An able and suggestive series of discourses.”--_Nonconformist._

“These sermons abound in noble and beautiful teaching

clearly and eloquently expressed.”--_Christian._

=Inspiration and the Bible:= An Inquiry. By ROBERT HORTON, M.A.,

formerly Fellow of New College, Oxford. Fourth and Cheaper

Edition. Crown 8vo., cloth, 3s. 6d.

“The work displays much earnest thought, and a sincere

belief in, and love of the Bible.”--_Morning Post._

“It will be found to be a good summary, written in no

iconoclastic spirit, but with perfect candour and fairness,

of some of the more important results of recent Biblical

criticism ”--_Scotsman._

=Faint, yet Pursuing.= By the Rev. E. J. HARDY, Author of “How to

be Happy though Married.” Sq. imp. 16mo., cloth, 6s. Cheaper

Edition, 3s. 6d.

“One of the most practical and readable volumes of sermons

ever published. They must have been eminently

hearable.”--_British Weekly._

=The Meditations and Maxims of Koheleth.= A Practical Exposition of

the Book of Ecclesiastes. By Rev. T. CAMPBELL FINLAYSON. Crown

8vo., 6s.

“A thoughtful and practical commentary on a book of Holy

Scripture which needs much spiritual wisdom for its

exposition.... Sound and judicious handling.”--_Rock._

=The Pharaohs of the Bondage and the Exodus.= Lectures by CHARLES S.

ROBINSON, D.D., LL.D. Second edition. Large crown 8vo., cloth,

5s.

“Both lectures are conceived in a very earnest spirit, and

are developed with much dignity and force. We have the

greatest satisfaction in commending it to the attention of

Biblical students and Christian ministers.”--_Literary

World._

=The Reality of Faith.= By the Rev. NEWMAN SMYTH, D.D., Author of

“Old Faiths in New Light.” Fourth and cheaper edition. Crown

8vo., cloth, 4s. 6d.

“They are fresh and beautiful expositions of those deep

things, those foundation truths, which underlie Christian

faith and spiritual life in their varied

manifestations.”--_Christian Age._

=A Layman’s Study of the English Bible.= Considered in its Literary

and Secular Aspects. By FRANCIS BOWEN, LL.D. Crown 8vo., cloth,

4s. 6d.

“Most heartily do we recommend this little volume to the

careful study, not only of those whose faith is not yet

fixed and settled, but of those whose love for it and

reliance on it grows with their growing

years.”--_Nonconformist._

=The Parousia.= A Critical Inquiry into the New Testament Doctrine of

Our Lord’s Second Coming. By the Rev. J. S. RUSSELL, M.A. New

and cheaper edition. Demy 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d.

“Critical, in the best sense of the word. Unlike many

treatises on the subject, this is a sober and reverent

investigation, and abounds in a careful and instructive

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from Booksellers or the Publisher.

1. The Lady from the Sea. By HENRIK IBSEN. Translated by ELEANOR

MARX-AVELING.

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2. A London Plane-Tree, and Other Poems. By AMY LEVY.

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PRESTON. Frontispiece by JOSEPH PENNELL.

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Darmesteter). Frontispiece. [_Nearly Ready._

7. Poems of Robert Surtees. Introduction by EDWARD PEACOCK.

[_In Preparation._

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_THE PSEUDONYM LIBRARY._

Under this title will be published a collection of entirely New

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They will be specially suited by their brightness and

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_24mo., cloth, price 1s. 6d. each._

1. Mademoiselle Ixe. By LANOE FALCONER. [_Ready._

2. The Story of Eleanor Lambert. By MAGDALEN BROOKE. [_Nearly Ready._

3. The Mystery of the Campagna; and, a Shadow on a Wave. By VON

DEGEN. [_In Preparation._

_OTHER VOLUMES ARE IN ACTIVE PREPARATION._

LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C.

Transcriber’s Note:

Words and phrases in italics are surrounded by underscores, _like

this_. Those in bold are surrounded by equal signs, =like this=. In

the Translator’s Preface, words not in italic are marked as bold.

Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent

hyphenation in the text. These were left unchanged. Obsolete and

alternative spellings were retained. Misspelled words were corrected.

Obvious printing errors, such as backwards, upside down, or partially

printed letters and punctuation, were corrected. Final stops missing

at the end of sentences and abbreviations were added. Duplicate words

at line endings or page breaks were removed. The only footnote was

moved to the end of the chapter.

The following items were changed:

added “of” to ... on both sides of the river ...

added “neither” to ... But neither these manifest dangers ...

changed “haridness” to ... the hardness of his temper.

added unprinted word “have” ... glad to have relinquished ...