First. (Colonel Draper's Answer, p. 9, note.)
[197] These arguments are presented by Draper in French and English
parallel texts, the latter evidently being translated from the former.
[198] The Spaniards, by sailing to Manila, by the West, are a Day
later in their Computation of Time in that Country. (Colonel Draper's
Answer, p. 13, note.)
[199] The Marquis de Ayerbe says that the British soldiery left nothing
of value in the private houses, and rendered useless what they did
not care to carry away. They committed numberless atrocities. At the
convent of St. Dominic, they cut off the head of the Virgin of the
rosary. They sacked and profaned the churches. The archives of the
Audiencia, secretaryship, offices of the treasury, and many private
papers, were burned. They were aided by the servants of the Spaniards
and the natives who had come to defend the capital. On the petition
of the archbishop, guards were placed by Draper in the convent of the
nuns of Santa Clara and in the beaterios. That being done, Draper
ordered the sack for three hours, a period which was prolonged to
more than forty. The drunken soldiers violated the defenseless women,
looted, destroyed, and profaned the churches, being aided in this by
the Chinese and criminals who had been given their liberty. At the end
of twenty-four hours, the archbishop protested, but notwithstanding
the orders of Draper, the sack continued. The most inhuman deeds are
said to have been committed by the natives. See Sitio y conquista,
pp. 67, 68; and Montero y Vidal, pp. 31, 32, and note.
[200] i.e., "Even to the death."
[201] Before the sack began, Draper ordered all the Indians to leave
Manila. He also ordered whatever had been taken from the churches
to be restored, but nothing was found except some vestments taken by
the Sepoys, who appeared on the walls dressed in the same. Especially
were the sacred places treated with deep respect. The religious were
allowed to return to their convents, in an endeavor to gain their
powerful influence. Especially did he try to win over the Augustinian
ex-provincial Remijio Hernandez, then in charge of the province,
writing him several letters. But he was unable to obtain his desire,
for Hernandez remained firm in his loyalty. See Mas, i, pp. 134,
135, 137.
[202] A letter written to the London Chronicle, and published in
that paper, for the issue of December 27-29, 1764, no. 252, p. 618,
attests the humanity of General Draper. The writer, an eyewitness
of the storming of Manila, asserts that Draper took very careful
precautions to avoid the excesses that are liable to occur at such
a time, with the miscellaneous troops under his command. As soon as
the capitulation was in force, the chief men of Manila were allowed
to retire into the country to escape possible contagion from the
carnage. The writer denies any personal motive for the declaration, as
he was really at Manila against his will, and has no connection with
army or navy. "The following is nearly an exact list of the troops,
that were employed on that expedition: 500 regulars, Mr. Draper's
own regiment; 250 Marines; 500 seamen; 600 Seapoys (black troops);
250 French, who, to be free of a prison, had entered into the
Company's service--a total of 2,100. The increasing these to 4000,
and representing them as let loose to every degree of rapine, after
the capitulation, are both equally unjust, and carry their conviction;
nor can there be any greater evidence of Mr. Draper's humanity and
presence of mind, than that with such a body of troops he should
restrain their impetuosity at such a period." If the Spaniards fail
in paying the ransom, they should surrender the city in the condition
in which it was at the time of the surrender.
[203] Col. Draper's answer to this point is contained in Scots Magazine
for 1764, pp. 722-724; and an extract is given in London Chronicle,
1764, p. 612.
[204] When Colonel Draper left Manila, all the Oyidores (the first
Magistrates of the Place) were taken as Hostages: What has been done
with them since that Time, he supposes Mr. Drake, the Deputy Governor,
will inform the East India Company, and the Ministry. (Colonel Draper's
Answer, p. 27, note.)
[205] Francisco Javier de la Torre.
[206] The diminutive of Moros.
[207] Evidently a reference to Sebastian Joseph Carvalho e Mello,
Marquis Pombal, the Portuguese prime minister, who expelled the
Jesuits from Portugal by the decree of September 1, 1759; and to the
famous Lisbon earthquake of November 1, 1755. See Nicolini's History
of Jesuits (London, 1879); Cretineau-Joly's Histoire de la Compagnie
de Jésus (Paris, 1859), v; and Griesinger's Jesuits (London, 1903,
3d ed.).
[208] The storm against the Jesuits, which ended with the expulsion
of the order in 1770.
[209] The original of this document is worn in many places. Matter in
brackets is conjectural readings; otherwise the lacunas are indicated
by periods.
[210] This trouble with the Jesuits arose first from the sermon
preached by Father Francisco Javier Puch, S.J., March 9, 1764, in
which he accused the alcaldes-mayor of robbing both king and natives
(Montero y Vidal, ii, pp. 116, 117; and Ferrando, v, pp. 9-16).
[211] i.e., Let them be erased from the book of life.
[212] One of these MSS., entitled Breve noticia de los Religiosos
Agustinos Calzados de esta provincia de Filipinas..., and which
belongs to Bernardino Hernando, O.S.A., reader in the Valladolid
convent, has the following data in regard to the contributions made
to the English: "From the royal coffers, 12,469 pesos; from the
governor, 6,991; from the cathedral, 9,000 pesos in coined silver,
and 33,973 in wrought silver; the church of Quiapo, 716 pesos in
wrought silver; that of Ermita, 5,117, ditto; from [the Order] of
St. Dominic and tertiary branch, 16,028 in coined silver, and 11,616
in wrought; from the tertiary branch of [the Order of] St. Francis,
58,000 pesos in coined silver, and 970 in wrought; from [the Order
of] St. Augustine, 25,556 pesos in coined silver, and 11,025 pesos
in wrought silver; from the Society, 40,434 pesos in coined silver,
and 8,794 in wrought silver; from the Misericordia, 196,042 pesos,
2 reals, and 4 granos in coined silver; from the minor Ruiz, 1,472
pesos in wrought silver, and 836 of the deposit belonging to Varela:
all of which items make a total of 459,420 pesos. The wealthy citizens
and families, to wit: Infante, Reyes, Jugo, Villar, Suárez, Ocampo,
Memije, Varela, Bogan, Piñón, Monteroso, Mazo, Neyra, Lizárraga,
Ruano, Noriega, Castro, Solano, Otal, Casañas, Cachit, Mantilla,
Barrio, León y Verdugo--48,777 pesos. The sack amounted to 418,442
pesos. The English seized 25,000 pesos from [the property of] the
absent Blanco; from the marqués de Monte Castro, 8,000 pesos; from
the marquesa de Salinas, 10,000 pesos; in the seizure of San Pablo,
the convent of the Calced Augustinian fathers, 60,000 pesos, which
were buried, in coined silver, and 40,000 in wrought silver. To all
these items must be added 2,000,000 pesos which were charged against
his Catholic Majesty's treasury. The total sum is 3,069,639 pesos."