----------------------------------------_History of Julius Cæsar, Vol. 2 of 2

| JULIAN YEAR 58 BEFORE CHRIST.

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 696 | 696 | 696 | 696 | 696 | 696-697

| | | | | |

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

2 |VIII Idus |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

3 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie | Idus

4 |VI |IV |Pridie |III | Idus |XVII K.Jn.

5 |V |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K.Dc.|XVI

| | | | | |

6 |IV |Pridie |XVII K.Oct| Idus |XVI |XV

7 |III | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Nv.|XV |XIV

8 |Pridie |XVII K.Sep|XV |XVI |XIV |XIII

9 | Idus |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII |XII

10 |XVII K.Sex|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI

| | | | | |

11 |XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X

12 |XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX

13 |XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |XIII

14 |XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII

15 |XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI

| | | | | |

16 |XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

17 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

18 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

19 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

20 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.

| | | | | |

21 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas

22 |V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

23 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie

24 |III |KAL. SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ

25 |Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus

| | | | | |

26 |KAL. SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

27 |IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI

28 |III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

29 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

30 | Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

| | | | | |

31 |VIII Idus |VI | |V | |Pridie

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 57 BEFORE CHRIST.

| (BISSEXTILE.)

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 697 | 697 | 697 | 697 | 697 | 697

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

2 |XVII K.Fb.|XIV |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

3 |XVI |XIII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

4 |XV |XII |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

5 |XIV |XI |XIII |XI |XII |X

| | | | | |

6 |XIII |X |XII |X |XI |IX

7 |XII |IX |XI |IX |X |VIII

8 |XI |VIII |X |VIII |IX |VII

9 |X |VII |IX |VII |VIII |VI

10 |IX |VI |VIII |VI |VII |V

| | | | | |

11 |VIII |V |VII |V |VI |IV

12 |VII |IV |VI |IV |V |III

13 |VI |III |V |III |IV |Pridie

| | | | | |----------

14 |V |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. QUIN.

| |----------| |----------| |

15 |IV |KAL. MAR. |III |KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas

| | | | |__________|

16 |III |VI Nonas |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. JUN. |V

| | |----------| | |

17 |Pridie |V |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV

|__________| | | | |

18 |KAL. FEB. |IV |IV Nonas |IV |III |III

19 |IV Nonas |III |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

| | | | | |

22 | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |VII

23 |VIII Idus |VII |VII |VII |VI |VI

24 |VII |VI |VI |VI |V |V

25 |VI |V |V |V |IV |IV

| | | | | |

26 |V |IV |IV |IV |III |III

27 |IV |III |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

30 | Idus | |XVII K.M. |XVII K.Jn.|XVI |XVI

| | | | | |

31 |XVI K.Mr. | |XVI | |XV |

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 57 BEFORE CHRIST.

| (BISSEXTILE.)

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 697 | 697 | 697 | 697 | 697 | 697-698

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

2 |XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |XIII

3 |XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII

4 |XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI

5 |XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

| | | | | |

6 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

7 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

8 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |---------

9 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.

| | | | |----------|

10 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas

| | |__________| | |

11 |V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |----------| |

12 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie

| |__________| | | |

13 |III |KAL. SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ

14 |Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |III Idus

|__________| | | | |

15 |KAL. SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

| | | | | |

16 |IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI

17 |III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

18 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

19 | Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

20 |VIII |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |

21 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus

22 |VI |IV |IV |III | Idus |XVII K. Fb.

23 |V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jan|XVI

24 |IV |Pridie |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XV

25 |III | Idus | Idus |XVII K.Dec|XV |XIV

| | | | | |

26 |Pridie |XVII K.Oct|XVII K.Nv.|XVI |XIV |XIII

27 | Idus |XVI |XVI |XV |XIII |XII

28 |XVII K.Sep|XV |XV |XIV |XII |XI

29 |XVI |XIV |XIV |XIII |XI |X

30 |XV |XIII |XIII |XII |X |IX

| | | | | |

31 |XIV |XII | |XI | |XIII

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 56 BEFORE CHRIST.

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 698 | 698 | 698 | 698 | 698 | 698

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

2 |VI |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III | Nonæ

3 |V | Nonæ |III | Nonæ |Pridie |VIII Idus

4 |IV |VIII Idus |Pridie |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VII

5 |III |VII | Nonæ |VII |VIII Idus |VI

| | | | | |

6 |Pridie |VI |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V

|__________| | | | |

7 |KAL. FEB. |V |VII |V |VI |IV

8 |IV Nonas |IV |VI |IV |V |III

9 |III |III |V |III |IV |Pridie

10 |Pridie |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III |Idus

| | | | | |

13 |VII |XV | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Ju.|XV

14 |VI |XIV |XVII K.Ap.|XV |XVI |XIV

15 |V |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

| | | | | |

16 |IV |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

17 |III |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

18 |Pridie |X |XIII |XI |XII |X

19 | Idus |IX |XII |X |XI |IX

20 |XI Kal.int.|VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII

| | | | | |

21 |X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII

22 |IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI

23 |VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V

24 |VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

25 |VI |III |VI |IV |V |III

| | | | | |

26 |V |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

| |__________| | | |_________

27 |IV |KAL. MAR. |IV |Pridie |III |KAL.QUIN.

| | | |__________| |

28 |III |VI Nonas |III |KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas

| | | | |__________|

|__________| |__________| | |

30 |KAL. INT. | |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV

| | | | | |

31 |IV Nonas | |IV Nonas | |III |

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 56 BEFORE CHRIST.

|------------|------------|------------|-------------|-----------|----------

| 698 | 698 | 698 | 698 | 698 | 698-699

------|------------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------

2 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V |IV

3 | Nonæ |VII |V |VI |IV |III

4 |VIII Idus |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

5 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie | Idus

| | | | | |

6 |VI |IV |Pridie |III | Idus |XVII K. Jn.

7 |V |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K. De.|XVI

8 |IV |Pridie |XVII K. Oct.| Idus |XVI |XV

9 |III | Idus |XVI |XVII K. Nv. |XV |XIV

10 |Pridie |XVII K. Sep.|XV |XVI |XIV |XIII

| | | | | |

11 | Idus |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII |XII

12 |XVII K. Sex.|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI

13 |XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X

14 |XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX

15 |XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |VIII

| | | | | |

16 |XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII

17 |XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI

18 |XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

19 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

20 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

| | | | | |

21 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |---------

22 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.

| | | | |-----------|

23 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas

| | |------------| | |

24 |V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |-------------| |

25 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie

| | | | | |

| |------------| | | |

26 |III |KAL. SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ

27 |Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus

|------------| | | | |

28 |KAL. SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

29 |IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI

30 |III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

| | | | | |

31 |Pridie |VIII Idus | |VII | |IV

------+------------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 55 BEFORE CHRIST.

|-----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 699 | 699 | 699 | 699 | 699 | 699

| | | | | |

------|-----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

3 | Idus |XV | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Ju.|XV

4 |XVII K.Fb. |XIV |XVII K.Ap.|XV |XVI |XIV

5 |XVI |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

| | | | | |

6 |XV |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

7 |XIV |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

8 |XIII |X |XIII |XI |XII |X

9 |XII |IX |XII |X |XI |IX

10 |XI |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII

| | | | | |

11 |X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII

12 |IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI

13 |VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V

14 |VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

15 |VI |III |VI |IV |V |III

| | | | | |

16 |V |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

| |__________| | | |_________

17 |IV |KAL. MAR. |IV |Pridie |III |KAL.QUIN.

| | | |__________| |

18 |III |VI Nonas |III |KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas

| | | | |__________|

19 |Pridie |V |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. JUN. |V

|___________| |__________| | |

20 |KAL. FEB. |IV |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV

| | | | | |

21 |IV Nonas |III |IV Nonas |IV |III |III

22 |III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

25 |VIII Idus |VII |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |VII

| | | | | |

26 |VII |VI |VII |VII |VI |VI

27 |VI |V |VI |VI |V |V

28 |V |IV |V |V |IV |IV

29 |IV | |IV |IV |III |III

30 |III | |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

| | | | | |

------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 55 BEFORE CHRIST.

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 699 | 699 | 699 | 699 | 699 | 699-700

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

2 |XVII K.Sex|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI

3 |XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X

4 |XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX

5 |XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |VIII

| | | | | |

6 |XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII

7 |XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI

8 |XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

9 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

10 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

| | | | | |

11 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |--------

12 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.

| | | | |__________|

13 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas

| | |__________| | |

14 |V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |__________| |

15 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie

| |__________| | | |

16 |III |KAL. SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ

17 |Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus

|__________| | | | |

18 |KAL. SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

19 |IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI

20 |III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VII Idus |VI |V

| | | | | |

21 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

22 | Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

23 |VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

24 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus

25 |VI |IV |IV |III | Idus |XVII K.Fb.

| | | | | |

26 |V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jan|XVI

27 |IV |Pridie |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XV

28 |III | Idus | Idus |XVII K.Dec|XV |XIV

29 |Pridie |XVII K.Oct|XVII K.Nv.|XVI |XIV |XIII

30 | Idus |XVI |XVI |XV |XIII |XII

| | | | | |

31 |XVII K.Sep|XV | |XIV | |XI

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------

-------+------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------

| JULIAN YEAR 62 BEFORE CHRIST.

|------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------

of the | YEAR OF ROME.

months.| 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700

-------+------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------

| |-------------| | | |

2 |IX | KAL. INT. |VI Nonas |IV Nonas |V |III

3 |VIII |IV Nonas |V |III |IV |Pridie

4 |VII |III |IV |Pridie |III | Nonæ

5 |VI |Pridie |III | Nonæ |Pridie |VIII Idus

| | | | | |

6 |V | Nonæ |Pridie |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VII

7 |IV |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VII |VIII Idus |VI

8 |III |VII |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V

9 |Pridie |VI |VII |V |VI |IV

|------------| | | | |

10 | KAL. FEB. |V |VI |IV |V |III

| | | | | |

11 |IV Nonas |IV |V |III |IV |Pridie

12 |III |III |IV |Pridie |III | Idus

15 |VIII Idus |XV K. Mar. | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Ju.|XV

| | | | | |

16 |VII |XIV |XVII K. Ap.|XV |XVI |XIV

17 |VI |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

18 |V |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

19 |IV |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

20 |III |X |XIII |XI |XII |X

| | | | | |

21 |Pridie |IX |XII |X |XI |IX

22 | Idus |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII

23 |XI Kal. int.|VII |X |VIII |IX |VII

24 |X |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI

25 |IX |V |VIII |VI |VII |V

| | | | | |

26 |VIII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

27 |VII |III |VI |IV |V |III

28 |VI |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

| | | | | |-------

29 |V | |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. QUIN.

| | | |-----------| |

30 |IV | |III |KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas

| | | | |----------|

31 |III | |Pridie | |KAL. JUN. |

-------+------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 54 BEFORE CHRIST.

|----------|-----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700-701

------|----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------

2 |IV |Pridie |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VII |VI

3 |III | Nonæ |VII |VIII Idus |VI |V

4 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V |IV

5 | Nonæ |VII |V |VI |IV |III

| | | | | |

6 |VIII Idus |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

7 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie | Idus

8 |VI |IV |Pridie |III | Idus |XVII K.Jn.

9 |V |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K.Dc.|XVI

10 |IV |Pridie |XVII K.Oct| Idus |XVI |XV

| | | | | |

11 |III | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Nv.|XV |XIV

12 |Pridie |XVII K.Sep.|XV |XVI |XIV |XIII

13 | Idus |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII |XII

14 |XVIIK.Sex.|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI

15 |XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X

| | | | | |

16 |XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX

17 |XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |VIII

18 |XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII

19 |XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI

20 |XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

| | | | | |

21 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

22 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

23 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |__________

24 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL.JAN.

| | | | |__________|

25 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL.DEC. |IV Nonas

| | |__________| | |

26 |V |III |KAL.OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |__________| |

27 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL.NOV. |III |Pridie

| |___________| | | |

28 |III |KAL.SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ

29 |Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus

|__________| | | | |

30 |KAL.SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

| | | | | |

------|----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 53 BEFORE CHRIST.

| (BISSEXTILE.)

|----------|----------|----------|----------|-----------|----------

| 701 | 701 | 701 | 701 | 701 | 701

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+----------

2 |IV |Pridie |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K. Qu.

3 |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K.M. | Idus |XVI

4 |Pridie |XVI K.Mr. | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Ju. |XV

5 | Idus |XV |XVII K.Ap.|XV |XVI |XIV

| | | | | |

6 |XVII K.Fb.|XIV |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

7 |XVI |XIII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

8 |XV |XII |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

9 |XIV |XI |XIII |XI |XII |X

10 |XIII |X |XII |X |XI |IX

| | | | | |

11 |XII |IX |XI |IX |X |VIII

12 |XI |VIII |X |VIII |IX |VII

13 |X |VII |IX |VII |VIII |VI

14 |IX |VI |VIII |VI |VII |V

15 |VIII |V |VII |V |VI |IV

| | | | | |

16 |VII |IV |VI |IV |V |III

17 |VI |III |V |III |IV |Pridie

| | | | | |__________

18 |V |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. QUIN.

| |__________| |__________| |

19 |IV |KAL. MAR. |III |KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas

| | | | |___________|

20 |III |VI Nonas |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. JUN. |V

| | |__________| | |

21 |Pridie |V |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV

|__________| | | | |

22 |KAL. FEB. |IV |IV Nonas |IV |III |III

23 |IV Nonas |III |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

| | | | | |

26 | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |VII

27 |VIII Idus |VII |VII |VII |VI |VI

28 |VII |VI |VI |VI |V |V

29 |VI |V |V |V |IV |IV

30 |V | |IV |IV |III |III

| | | | | |

31 |IV | |III | |Pridie |

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+----------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 53 BEFORE CHRIST.

| (BISSEXTILE.)

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 701 | 701 | 701 | 701 | 701 | 701-702

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------

2 | Idus |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII |XII

3 |XVII K.Sex|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI

4 |XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X

5 |XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX

| | | | | |

6 |XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |VIII

7 |XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII

8 |XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI

9 |XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

10 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

| | | | | |

11 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

12 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |___________

13 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL.JAN.

| | | | |__________|

14 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL.DEC. |IV Nonas

| | |__________| | |

15 |V |III |KAL.OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |__________| |

16 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie

| |__________| | | |

17 |III |KAL.SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ

18 |Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonaæ |VIII Idus

|__________| | | | |

19 |KAL.SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

20 |IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonaæ |VII |VI

| | | | | |

21 |III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

22 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

23 | Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

24 |VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

25 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus

| | | | | |

26 |VI |IV |IV |III | Idus |XVII K.Fb.

27 |V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jan|XVI

28 |IV |Pridie |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XV

29 |III | Idus | Idus |XVII K.Dec|XV |XIV

30 |Pridie |XVII K.Oct|XVII K.Nv.|XVI |XIV |XIII

| | | | | |

31 | Idus |XVI | |XV | |XII

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 52 BEFORE CHRIST.

|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|----------

| 702 | 702 | 702 | 702 | 702 | 702

------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------

| | | | |-----------|-----------

| |-----------|-----------|-----------| |

4|VII |IV Nonas |VI Nonas |IV Nonas |V |III

5|VII |III |V |III |IV |Pridie

| | | | | |

6|VI |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III | Nonæ

7|V | Nonæ |III | Nonæ |Pridie |VIII Idus

8|IV |VIII Idus |Pridie |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VII

9|III |VII | Nonæ |VII |VIII Idus |VI

10|Pridie |VI |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V

|___________| | | | |

11|KAL. FEB. |V |VII |V |VI |IV

12|IV Nonas |IV |VI |IV |V |III

13|III |III |V |III |IV |Pridie

14|Pridie |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III | Idus

| | | | | |

17|VII |XV | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Ju. |XV

18|VI |XIV |XVII K.Ap. |XV |XVI |XIV

19|V |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

20|IV |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

| | | | | |

21|III |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

22|Pridie |X |XIII |XI |XII |X

23| Idus |X |XII |X |XI |IX

24|XI Kal int.|VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII

25|X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII

| | | | | |

26|IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI

27|VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V

28|VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

29|VI | |VI |IV |V |III

30|V | |V |III |IV |Pridie

| | | | | |

31|IV | |IV | |III |

------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 52 BEFORE CHRIST.

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 702 | 702 | 702 | 702 | 702 | 702-703

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------

3 |V |III | Nonæ |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

4 |IV |Pridie |VII Idus | Nonæ |VII |VI

5 |III | Nonæ |VII |VIII Idus |VI |V

| | | | | |

6 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V |IV

7 | Nonæ |VII |V |VI |IV |III

8 |VIII Idus |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

9 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie | Idus

10 |VI |IV |Pridie |III | Idus |XVII K.Jn.

| | | | | |

11 |V |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K.De.|XVI

12 |IV |Pridie |XVII K.Oct| Idus |XVI |XV

13 |III | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Nv.|XV |XIV

14 |Pridie |XVII K.Sep|XV |XVI |XIV |XIII

15 | Idus |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII |XII

| | | | | |

16 |XVII K.Sex|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI

17 |XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X

18 |XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX

19 |XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |VIII

20 |XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII

| | | | | |

21 |XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI

22 |XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

23 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

24 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

25 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |_________

26 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.

| | | | |__________|

27 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas

| | |__________| | |

28 |V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |__________| |

29 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie

| |__________| | | |

30 |III |KAL. SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ

| | | | | |

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 51 BEFORE CHRIST.

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 703 | 703 | 703 | 703 | 703 | 703

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

2 |VI |IV |VI |IV |V |III

3 |V |III |V |III |IV |Pridie

4 |IV |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III | Idus

5 |III | Idus |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K.Qu.

| | | | | |

7 | Idus |XV | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Ju.|XV

8 |XVII K.Fb.|XIV |XVII K.Ap.|XV |XVI |XIV

9 |XVI |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

10 |XV |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

| | | | | |

11 |XIV |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

12 |XIII |X |XIII |XI |XII |X

13 |XII |IX |XII |X |XI |IX

14 |XI |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII

15 |X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII

| | | | | |

16 |IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI

17 |VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V

18 |VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

19 |VI |III |VI |IV |V |III

20 |V |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

| |__________| | | |__________

21 |IV |KAL. MAR. |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. QUIN.

| | | |__________| |

22 |III |VI Nonas |III |KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas

| | | | |__________|

23 |Pridie |V |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. JUN. |V

|__________| |__________| | |

24 |KAL. FEB. |IV |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV

25 |IV Nonas |III |IV Nonas |IV |III |III

| | | | | |

26 |III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

29 |VIII Idus | |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |VII

30 |VII | |VII |VII |VI |VI

| | | | | |

31 |VI | |VI | |V |

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 51 BEFORE CHRIST.

|-----------|------------|-----------|----------|-----------|----------

| 703 | 703 | 703 | 703 | 703 | 703--704

------|-----------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------

2 |IV |Pridie |XVII K.Oct.|Idus |XVI |XV

3 |III |Idus |XVI |XVII K.Nv.|XV |XIV

4 |Pridie |XVII K.Sep. |XV |XVI |XIV |XIII

5 |Idus |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII |XII

| | | | | |

6 |XVII K.Sex.|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI

7 |XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X

8 |XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX

9 |XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |VIII

10 |XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII

| | | | | |

11 |XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI

12 |XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

13 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

14 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

15 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |________

16 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL.JAN.

| | | | |___________|

17 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL.DEC. |IV Nonas

| | |___________| | |

18 |V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |__________| |

19 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie

| |____________| | | |

20 |III |KAL.SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie |Nonæ

| | | | | |

21 |Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III |Nonæ |VIII Idus

|___________| | | | |

22 |KAL.SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

23 |IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie |Nonæ |VII |VI

24 |III |Nonæ |Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

25 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

| | | | | |

26 |Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

27 |VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

28 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie |Idus

29 |VI |IV |IV |III |Idus |XVII K.Fb.

30 |V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jan.|XVI

| | | | | |

31 |IV |Pridie | |Idus | |XV

------|-----------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 50 BEFORE CHRIST.

|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|----------

| 704 | 704 | 704 | 704 | 704 | 704

| | | | | |

------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------

2|XIII |X |XIII |XI |XII |X

3|XII |IX |XII |X |XI |IX

4|XI |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII

5|X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII

| | | | | |

6|IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI

7|VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V

8|VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

9|VI |III |VI |IV |V |III

10|V |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

| |-----------| | | |-----------

11|IV | KAL. MAR |IV |Pridie |III |KAL.QUIN.

| | | |-----------| |

12|III |VI Nonas |III | KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas

| | | | |-----------|

13|Pridie |V |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL.JUN. |V

|-----------| |-----------| | |

14|KAl. FEB. |IV |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV

15|IV Nonas |III |IV Nonas |IV |III |III

| | | | | |

16|III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

19|VIII Idus |VII |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |VII

20|VII |VI |VII |VII |VI |VI

| | | | | |

21|VI |V |VI |VI |V |V

22|V |IV |V |V |IV |IV

23|IV |III |IV |IV |III |III

24|III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

| | | | | |

27|XVI K. Mr. |XVI |XVII K.Mr. |XVII K. Ju.|XVI |XVI

28|XV |XV |XVI |XVI |XV |XV

29|XIV | |XV |XV |XIV |XIV

30|XIII | |XIV |XIV |XIII |XIII

| | | | | |

31|XII | |XIII |XII | |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 50 BEFORE CHRIST.

|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|----------

| 704 | 704 | 704 | 704 | 704 | 704--705

------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------

2|XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V

3|X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV

4|IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III

5|VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |-----------

6|VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.

| | | | |-----------|

7|VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL.DEC. |IV Nonas

| | |-----------| | |

8|V |III |KAL OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |-----------| |

9|IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL NOV. |III |Pridie

| |-----------| | | |

10|III |KAL SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ

| | | | | |

11|Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus

|-----------| | | | |

12|KAL SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

13|IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI

14|III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

15|Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

| | | | | |

16| Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

17|VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

18|VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus

19|VI |IV |IV |III | Idus |XVII K.Fb.

20|V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jan.|XVI

| | | | | |

21|IV |Pridie |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XV

22|III | Idus | Idus |XVII K.Dec.|XV |XIV

23|Pridie |XVII K.Oct.|XVII K.Nv. |XVI |XIV |XIII

24| Idus |XVI |XVI |XV |XIII |XII

25|XVII K.Sep.|XV |XV |XIV |XII |XI

| | | | | |

26|XVI |XIV |XIV |XIII |XI |X

27|XV |XIII |XIII |XII |X |IX

28|XIV |XII |XII |XI |IX |VIII

29|XIII |XI |XI |X |VIII |VII

30|XII |X |X |IX |VII |VI

| | | | | |

31|XI |IX | |VIII | |V

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 49 BEFORE CHRIST.

| (BISSEXTILE.)

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 705 | 705 | 705 | 705 | 705 | 705

------|----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

| | | | |__________|

2 |III |VI Nonas |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. JUN. |V

| | |__________| | |

3 |Pridie |V |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV

|__________| | | | |

4 |KAL. FEB. |IV |IV Nonas |IV |III |III

5 |IV Nonas |III |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

| | | | | |

8 | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |VII

9 |VIII Idus |VII |VII |VII |VI |VI

10 |VII |VI |VI |VI |V |V

| | | | | |

11 |VI |V |V |V |IV |IV

12 |V |IV |IV |IV |III |III

13 |IV |III |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

| | | | | |

16 | Idus |XVII K.Ap.|XVII K.M. |XVII K.Ju.|XVI |XVI

17 |XVI K.Mr. |XVI |XVI |XVI |XV |XV

18 |XV |XV |XV |XV |XIV |XIV

19 |XIV |XIV |XIV |XIV |XIII |XIII

20 |XIII |XIII |XIII |XIII |XII |XII

| | | | | |

21 |XII |XII |XII |XII |XI |XI

22 |XI |XI |XI |XI |X |X

23 |X |X |X |X |IX |IX

24 |IX |IX |IX |IX |VIII |VIII

25 |VIII |VIII |VIII |VIII |VII |VII

| | | | | |

26 |VII |VII |VII |VII |VI |VI

27 |VI |VI |VI |VI |V |V

28 |V |V |V |V |IV |IV

29 |IV |IV |IV |IV |III |III

30 |III | |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

| | | | |__________|

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 49 BEFORE CHRIST.

| (BISSEXTILE.)

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 705 | 705 | 705 | 705 | 705-706 | 706

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------

2 |IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI

3 |III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

4 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

5 | Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

| | | | | |

6 |VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

7 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus

8 |VI |IV |IV |III | Idus |XVII K.Fb.

9 |V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jan|XVI

10 |IV |Pridie |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XV

| | | | | |

11 |III | Idus | Idus |XVII K.Dec|XV |XIV

12 |Pridie |XVII K.Oct|XVII K.Nv.|XVI |XIV |XIII

13 | Idus |XVI |XVI |XV |XIII |XII

14 |XVII K.Sep|XV |XV |XIV |XII |XI

15 |XVI |XIV |XIV |XIII |XI |X

| | | | | |

16 |XV |XIII |XIII |XII |X |IX

17 |XIV |XII |XII |XI |IX |VIII

18 |XIII |XI |XI |X |VIII |VII

19 |XII |X |X |IX |VII |VI

20 |XI |IX |IX |VIII |VI |V

| | | | | |

21 |X |VIII |VIII |VII |V |IV

22 |IX |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

23 |VIII |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |________

24 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie |KAL. FEB.

| | | | |__________|

25 |VI |IV |IV |III |KAL. JAN. |IV Nonas

| | | | | |

26 |V |III |III |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |__________| |

27 |IV |Pridie |Pridie |KAL. DEC. |III |Pridie

| |__________|__________| | |

|__________| | | | |

30 |KAL. SEP. |V |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

| | | | | |

31 |IV Nonas |IV | | Nonæ | |VI

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 48 BEFORE CHRIST.

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

| 706 | 706 | 706 | 706 | 706 | 706

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

2 |IV |III |IV |IV |III |III

3 |III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

| | | | | |

6 |XVI K.Mr. |XVI |XVII K.Mr.|XVII K.Ju.|XVI |XVI

7 |XV |XV |XVI |XVI |XV |XV

8 |XIV |XIV |XV |XV |XIV |XIV

9 |XIII |XIII |XIV |XIV |XIII |XIII

10 |XII |XII |XIII |XIII |XII |XII

| | | | | |

11 |XI |XI |XII |XII |XI |XI

12 |X |X |XI |XI |X |X

13 |IX |IX |X |X |IX |IX

14 |VIII |VIII |IX |IX |VIII |VIII

15 |VII |VII |VIII |VIII |VII |VII

| | | | | |

16 |VI |VI |VII |VII |VI |VI

17 |V |V |VI |VI |V |V

18 |IV |IV |V |V |IV |IV

19 |III |III |IV |IV |III |III

20 |Pridie |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

|__________|__________| | |__________|_________

| | |__________|__________| |

23 |V |III |VI Nonas |IV Nonas |V |III

24 |IV |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

25 |III | Nonæ |IV |Pridie |III | Nonæ

| | | | | |

27 | Nonæ |VII |Pridie |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VII

28 |VIII Idus |VI | Nonæ |VII |VIII Idus |VI

29 |VII | |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V

30 |VI | |VII |V |VI |IV

| | | | | |

31 |V | |VI | |V |

------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 48 BEFORE CHRIST.

|------------|-----------|----------|-----------|-----------|----------

| 706 | 706 | 706 | 706 | 706-707 | 707

------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+----------

2 |Pridie |XVII K.Oct.|XVII K.Nv.|XVI |XIV |XIII

3 | Idus |XVI |XVI |XV |XIII |XII

4 |XVII K.Sep. |XV |XV |XIV |XII |XI

5 |XVI |XIV |XIV |XIII |XI |X

| | | | | |

6 |XV |XIII |XIII |XII |X |IX

7 |XIV |XII |XII |XI |IX |VIII

8 |XIII |XI |XI |X |VIII |VII

9 |XII |X |X |IX |VII |VI

10 |XI |IX |IX |VIII |VI |V

| | | | | |

11 |X |VIII |VIII |VII |V |IV

12 |IX |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

13 |VIII |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |________

14 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie |KAL. FEB.

| | | | |___________|

15 |VI |IV |IV |III |KAL. JAN. |IV Nonas

| | | | | |

16 |V |III |III |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |___________| |

17 |IV |Pridie |Pridie |KAL. DEC. |III |Pridie

| |___________|__________| | |

|____________| | | | |

20 |KAL. SEP. |V |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

| | | | | |

21 |IV Nonas |IV |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI

22 |III |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

23 |Pridie |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

24 | Nonæ | Nonæ |VII |VI |IV |III

25 |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VI |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |

26 |VII |VII |V |IV |Pridie | Idus

27 |VI |VI |IV |III | Idus |XVI K.Mr.

28 |V |V |III |Pridie |XVII K.Fb. |XV

29 |IV |IV |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XIV

30 |III |III | Idus |XVII K.Jan.|XV |XIII

| | | | | |

31 |Pridie |Pridie | |XVI | |XII

------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+----------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 47 BEFORE CHRIST.

|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|----------

| 707 | 707 | 707 | 707 | 707 | 707

------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------

2|X |X |XI |XI |X |X

3|IX |IX |X |X |IX |IX

4|VIII |VIII |IX |IX |VIII |VIII

5|VII |VII |VIII |VIII |VII |VII

| | | | | |

6|VI |VI |VII |VII |VI |VI

7|V |V |VI |VI |V |V

8|IV |IV |V |V |IV |IV

9|III |III |IV |IV |III |III

10|Pridie |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie

|-----------|-----------| | |-----------|-----------

| | |-----------|-----------| |

13|V |III |VI Nonas |IV Nonas |V |III

14|IV |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

15|III | Nonæ |IV |Pridie |III | Nonæ

| | | | | |

17| Nonæ |VII |Pridie |VIII Idas | Nonæs |VII

18|VIII Idus |VI | Nonæ |VII |VIII Idus |VI

19|VII |V |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V

20|VI |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

| | | | | |

21|V |III |VI |IV |V |III

22|IV |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

23|III | Idus |IV |Pridie |III | Idus

25| Idus |XVI |Pridie |XVII K.Qu. | Idus |XVI

| | | | | |

26|XVII K.Ap. |XV | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Sex.|XV

27|XVI |XIV |XVII K.Ju. |XV |XVI |XIV

28|XV |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

29|XIV | |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

30|XIII | |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

| | | | | |

31|XII | |XIII | |XII |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

JULIAN YEAR 47 BEFORE CHRIST.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Days of the Julian Months |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | | | |

| YEAR OF ROME.

| | | | | |

| 707 | 707 | 707 | 707 | 707-708 | 708

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 |IX |VII |VII |VI |IV |III

3 |VIII |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |------------

4 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie |KAL. FEB.

| | | | |-----------|

5 |VI |IV |IV |III |KAL. JAN. |IV Nonas

| | | | | |

6 |V |III |III |Pridie |IV Nonas |III

| | | |----------| |

7 |IV |Pridie |Pridie |KAL DEC. |III |Pridie

| |----------|-----------| | |

|-----------| | | | |

10 |KAL. SEP. |V |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

| | | | | |

11 |IV Nonas |IV |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI

12 |III |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V

13 |Pridie |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV

14 | Nonæ | Nonæ |VII |VI |IV |III

15 |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VI |V |III |Pridie

| | | | | |

16 |VII |VII |V |IV |Pridie | Idus

17 |VI |VI |IV |III | Idus |XVI K. Mar.

18 |V |V |III |Pridie |XVII K. Fb.|XV

19 |IV |IV |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XIV

20 |III |III | Idus |XVII K.Jn.|XV |XIII

| | | | | |

21 |Pridie |Pridie |XVII K. Dc.|XVI |XIV |XII

22 | Idus | Idus |XVI |XV |XIII |XI

23 |XVII K.Oct.|XVII K.Nv.|XV |XIV |XII |X

24 |XVI |XVI |XIV |XIII |XI |IX

25 |XV |XV |XIII |XII |X |VIII

| | | | | |

26 |XIV |XIV |XII |XI |IX |VII

27 |XIII |XIII |XI |X |VIII |VI

28 |XII |XII |X |IX |VII |V

29 |XI |XI |IX |VIII |VI |IV

30 |X |X |VIII |VII |V |III

| | | | | |

31 |IX |IX | |VI | |Pridie

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

s| JULIAN YEAR 46 BEFORE CHRIST.

f|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------

| | | | | |

t| | | | | |

h| | | | | |

e| | | | | |

J| | | | | |

u| | | | | |

l| | | | | |

i| | | | | |

a| YEAR OF ROME.

n| | | | | |

| | | | | |

M| | | | | |

o| | | | | |

n| | | | | |

t| | | | | |

h| | | | | |

s| 708 | 708 | 708 | 708 | 708 | 708

.| | | | | |

--|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------

3|V |III |VI Nonas |IV Nonas |V |III

4|IV |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

5|III | Nonæ |IV |Pridie |III | Nonæ

| | | | | |

7| Nonæ |VII |Pridie |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VII

8|VIII Idus |VI | Nonæ |VII |VIII Idus |VI

9|VII |V |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V

10|VI |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

| | | | | |

11|V |III |VI |IV |V |III

12|IV |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

13|III | Idus |IV |Pridie |III | Idus

15| Idus |XVI |Pridie |XVII K.Qu. | Idus |XVI

| | | | | |

16|XVII K.Ap. |XV | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Sex.|XV

17|XVI |XIV |XVII K. Ju.|XV |XVI |XIV

18|XV |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII

19|XIV |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

20|XIII |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI

| | | | | |

21|XII |X |XIII |XI |XII |X

22|XI |IX |XII |X |XI |IX

23|X |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII

24|IX |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII

25|VIII |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI

| | | | | |

26|VII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V

27|VI |IV |VII |V |VI |IV

28|V |III |VI |IV |V |III

29|IV | |V |III |IV |Pridie

30|III | |IV |Pridie |III |-----------

31|Pridie | |III | |Pridie |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 46 BEFORE CHRIST.

|-----------|----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|------------

| 708 | 708 | 708 | 708 | 708 | 708

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 |III |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI [post. |Pridie

| | | | | |------------

3 |Pridie |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII |V |KAL. DEC.

4 | Nonæ | Nonæ |VII |VI |IV |IV Nonas

5 |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VI |V |III |III

| | | | | |

6 |VII |VII |V |IV |Pridie |Pridie

7 |VI |VI |IV |III | Idus | Nonæ

8 |V |V |III |Pridie |XXXI Kal. |VIII Idus

9 |IV |IV |Pridie | Idus |XXV [Dec. |VII

10 |III |III | Idus |XVII K.int.|XXIV |VI

11 |Pridie |Pridie |XVII K.int.|XVI |XXIII |V

12 | Idus | Idus |XVI [pr. |XV |XXII |IV

13 |XVII K.Oct.|XVII K.Nv.|XV |XIV |XXI |III

14 |XVI |XVI |XIV |XIII |XX |Pridie

15 |XV |XV |XIII |XII |XIX | Idus

| | | | | |

16 |XIV |XIV |XII |XI |XVIII |XVII K. Jn.

17 |XIII |XIII |XI |X |XVII |XVI

18 |XII |XII |X |IX |XVI |XV

19 |XI |XI |IX |VIII |XV |XIV

20 |X |X |VIII |VII |XIV |XIII

| | | | | |

21 |IX |IX |VII |VI |XIII |XII

22 |VIII |VIII |VI |V |XII |XI

23 |VII |VII |V |IV |XI |X

24 |VI |VI |IV |III |X |IX

25 |V |V |III |Pridie |IX |VIII

| | | | | |

| | | |-----------| |

26 |IV |IV |Pridie |K.INT.POST.|VIII |VII

| | |-----------| | |

27 |III |III |K. INT. PR.|IV Nonas |VII |VI

28 |Pridie |Pridie |IV Nonas |III |VI |V

|-----------|----------| | | |

29 |KAL. OCT. |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie |V |IV

30 |VI Nonas |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ |IV |III

| | | | | |

31 |V |III | |VIII Idus | |Pridie

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

| JULIAN YEAR 45 BEFORE CHRIST.

| (BISSEXTILE.)

|-----------|----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|----------

| 709 | 709 | 709 | 709 | 709 | 709

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3 |III |III |V |III |V |III

4 |Pridie |Pridie |IV |Pridie |IV |Pridie

5 | Nonæ | Nonæ |III | Nonæ |III | Nonæ

| | | | | |

7 |VII |VII | Nonæ |VII | Nonæ |VII

8 |VI |VI |VIII Idus |VI |VIII Idus |VII

9 |V |V |VII |V |VII |V

10 |IV |IV |VI |IV |VI |IV

| | | | | |

11 |III |III |V |III |V |III

12 |Pridie |Pridie |IV |Pridie |IV |Pridie

13 | Idus | Idus |III | Idus |III | Idus

| | | | | |

16 |XVII |XIV |XVII K. Ap.|XVI |XVII K. Ju.|XVI

17 |XVI |XIII |XVI |XV |XVI |XV

18 |XV |XII |XV |XIV |XV |XIV

19 |XIV |XI |XIV |XIII |XIV |XIII

20 |XIII |X |XIII |XII |XIII |XII

| | | | | |

21 |XII |IX |XII |XI |XII |XI

22 |XI |VIII |XI |X |XI |X

23 |X |VII |X |IX |X |IX

24 |IX |Bissext. |IX |VIII |IX |VIII

25 |VIII |VI |VIII |VII |VIII |VII

| | | | | |

26 |VII |V |VII |VI |VII |VI

27 |VI |IV |VI |V |VI |V

28 |V |III |V |IV |V |IV

29 |IV |Pridie |IV |III |IV |III

30 |III | |III |Pridie |III |Pridie

| | | | | |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

JULIAN YEAR 45 BEFORE CHRIST.

(BISSEXTILE.)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Days of the Julian Months.|

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | | | |

| YEAR OF ROME.

| | | | | |

| 709 | 709 | 709 | 709 | 709 | 709

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

3 |V |III |III |V |III |III

4 |IV |Pridie |Pridie |IV |Pridie |Pridie

5 |III | Nonæ | Nonæ |III | Nonæ | Nonæ

| | | | | |

7 | Nonæ |VII |VII | Nonæ |VII |VII

8 |VIII Idus |VI |VI |VIII Idus |VI |VI

9 |VII |V |V |VII |V |V

10 |VI |IV |IV |VI |IV |IV

| | | | | |

11 |V |III |III |V |III |III

12 |IV |Pridie |Pridie |IV |Pridie |Pridie

13 |III | Idus | Idus |III | Idus | Idus

| | | | | |

16 |XVII K.Sex.|XVII |XVI |XVII K. Nv.|XVI |XVII

17 |XVI |XVI |XV |XVI |XV |XVI

18 |XV |XV |XIV |XV |XIV |XV

19 |XIV |XIV |XIII |XIV |XIII |XIV

20 |XIII |XIII |XII |XIII |XII |XIII

| | | | | |

21 |XII |XII |XI |XII |XI |XII

22 |XI |XI |X |XI |X |XI

23 |X |X |IX |X |IX |X

24 |IX |IX |VIII |IX |VIII |IX

25 |VIII |VIII |VII |VIII |VII |VIII

| | | | | |

26 |VII |VII |VI |VII |VI |VII

27 |VI |VI |V |VI |V |VI

28 |V |V |IV |V |IV |V

29 |IV |IV |III |IV |III |IV

30 |III |III |Pridie |III |Pridie |III

| | | | | |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

APPENDIX B.

CONCORDANCE OF ROMAN AND MODERN HOURS,

FOR THE YEAR OF ROME 699 (55 B.C.) AND FOR THE LATITUDE OF PARIS.

Spring Equinox March 23, 5 o’clock, p.m.

Summer Solstice June 25, 5 o’clock, p.m.

Autumnal Equinox September 26, 3 o’clock, a.m.

Winter Solstice December 23, 7 o’clock, p.m.

The dates are referred to the Julian style.

The Roman hours are reckoned from sunset and sunrise.

The modern hours are given in true solar time.

The Roman hours are given at the head of the columns, in Roman numerals.

The modern hours are in ordinary numerals. Two examples will explain the

use of the Table.

_Division of the Night on the 16th of August._--To obtain it, we seek

the date in the indicating column on the left, entitled NIGHTS. We

conclude from the line opposite: at 7h. 11m., sunset, beginning of the

first hour and of the first watch; at 9h. 36m., end of the first watch

and beginning of the second; at 12h. 0m. it is midnight, the second

watch ends, the third begins; at 2h. 24m., end of the third watch,

beginning of the fourth; at 4h. 49m. the sun rises, and the fourth watch

ends.

_Division of the Day on the 16th of August._--We seek the date in the

indicating column to the right, entitled DAYS. We conclude from the line

opposite: at 4h, 49m., sunrise, beginning of the first hour; the third

hour ends at 8h. 25m.; the sixth, hour at noon; the ninth at 3h. 35m.;

at 7h. 11m, the sun sets.

At the summer solstice, each watch embraces two of our hours; in the

winter solstice, it embraces four.

--------------------------------------------------------

| 1ST WATCH | 2ND WATCH |

|-------------------|-----------------|

NIGHTS | I II III IV V VI |

-----------------|/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \|

|H M H M H M H M H M H M H|

June 25 |8 1 8 41 9 20 10 0 10 40 11 20 12|

July 5|June 15|7 58 8 39 9 19 9 59 10 40 11 20 12|

July 16|June 4|7 51 8 33 9 14 9 56 10 37 11 19 12|

July 26|May 25|7 41 8 41 9 7 9 51 10 34 11 17 12|

| | |

Aug. 5|May 15|7 28 8 13 8 59 9 44 10 29 11 15 12|

Aug. 16|May 4|7 11 8 0 8 48 9 36 10 24 11 12 12|

Aug. 26|April 24|6 55 7 46 8 37 9 27 10 18 11 9 12|

| | |

Sept. 5|April 13|6 37 7 31 8 25 9 19 10 13 11 6 12|

Sept. 16|April 2|6 18 7 15 8 12 9 9 10 6 11 3 12|

Sept. 26|Mar. 23|6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 10 0 11 0 12|

| | |

Oct. 6|Mar. 12|5 42 6 45 7 48 8 51 9 54 10 57 12|

Oct. 16|Mar. 2|5 23 6 29 7 35 8 41 9 47 10 54 12|

Oct. 25|Feb. 21|5 6 6 15 7 24 8 33 9 42 10 51 12|

| | |

Nov. 4|Feb. 11|4 49 6 1 7 13 8 25 9 36 10 48 12|

Nov. 14|Feb. 1|4 33 5 48 7 2 8 17 9 31 10 46 12|

Nov. 24|Jan. 22|4 19 5 36 6 58 8 10 9 27 10 43 12|

| | |

Dec. 3|Jan. 12|4 9 5 28 6 46 8 5 9 23 10 42 12|

Dec. 13|Jan. 2|4 2 5 22 6 41 8 1 9 21 10 40 12|

December 23 |3 59 5 20 6 40 8 0 9 20 10 40 12|

-----------------|\ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ /|

NIGHTS | I II III IV V VI |

-------------------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------------------------------------+

| 3RD WATCH | 4TH WATCH | |

|-----------------|---------------------| |

| VII VIII IX X XI XII | DAYS |

|/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \|-----------------|

| M H M H M H M H M H M H M | |

| 0 0 40 1 20 2 0 2 40 3 19 3 59 | December 23 |

| 0 0 40 1 20 2 1 2 41 3 21 4 2 |Jan. 1|Dec. 14|

| 0 0 41 1 23 2 4 2 46 3 27 4 9 |Jan. 11|Dec. 4|

| 0 0 43 1 26 2 9 2 53 3 36 4 19 |Jan. 21|Nov. 25|

| | |

| 0 0 45 1 31 2 16 3 1 3 47 4 32 |Jan. 31|Nov. 15|

| 0 0 48 1 36 2 24 3 12 4 0 4 49 |Feb. 10|Nov. 5|

| 0 0 51 1 42 2 33 3 23 4 14 5 5 |Feb. 20|Oct. 26|

| | |

| 0 0 54 1 47 2 41 3 35 4 29 5 23 |Mar. 2|Oct. 16|

| 0 0 57 1 54 2 51 3 48 4 45 5 42 |Mar. 13|Oct. 6|

| 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 |Mar. 23|Sept. 26|

| | |

| 0 1 3 2 6 3 9 4 12 5 15 6 18 |April 2|Sept. 15|

| 0 1 6 2 13 3 19 4 25 5 31 6 37 |April 13|Sept. 5|

| 0 1 9 2 18 3 27 4 36 5 45 6 54 |April 23|Aug. 26|

| | |

| 0 1 12 2 24 3 35 4 47 5 59 7 11 |May 3|Aug. 16|

| 0 1 14 2 29 3 43 4 58 6 12 7 27 |May 14|Aug. 6|

| 0 1 17 2 33 3 50 5 7 6 24 7 41 |May 24|July 27|

| | |

| 0 1 18 2 37 3 55 5 14 6 32 7 51 |June 3|July 17|

| 0 1 20 2 39 3 59 5 19 6 38 7 58 |June 14|July 6|

| 0 1 20 2 40 4 0 5 20 6 40 8 1 | June 25 |

|\ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ /|-----------------|

| VII VIII IX X XI XII | DAYS |

|----------------------------------------------------------

APPENDIX C.

NOTE ON THE ANCIENT COINS COLLECTED IN THE EXCAVATIONS AT ALISE.

The result of the excavations made round Alise-Sainte-Reine would be

sufficient to establish the identity of that locality with the _Alesia_

of Cæsar; but the abundance of proofs can do no injury to the argument,

and there is one the value of which cannot be disputed: we mean that

furnished by the ancient coins found in the fosses of Camp D. (_See

Plate_ 23.) Lost in a combat, and falling into a fosse full of water,

they thus escaped discovery in the immediate search made usually on a

battle-field.

To establish the date of an event which has occasioned the burial of

certain coins, we must first show that these coins have been struck at a

period anterior to that event. Thus the coins lost at Alesia must

naturally belong to a period anterior to the siege of that town.

The coins collected are in number 619; they may be divided into two

distinct groups: some bear the impression of the Roman Mint, others are

of the Gaulish Mint.

This being understood, let us examine separately the age of the two

groups. M. le Comte de Salis and M. de Saulcy have kindly undertaken the

classification.

All the Roman coins, without exception, have been struck by order and

under the direction of the monetary magistrates, appointed by the

government of the Republic: they belong to the republican period, and

appertain to the class of coins called _consular_. Thanks to the labours

of men like Morell, Borghesi, Cavedoni, Cohen, Mommsen, and, above all,

the Comte de Salis, the age of the coins of this class is now pretty

clearly determined. On the date of their emission, in general, it would

be, so to say, impossible to commit an error of several years. The

series of denarii and quinarii offers us the names of eighty-two

magistrates, and the club, the symbol of an eighty-third; four of these

denarii present neither name nor symbol; it is the same case with an as

in copper, of the type of Janus with the prow of a ship, which has

probably borne no other legend but the word ROMA. The most recent of

these coins belong to the year 700 of Rome, or 54 B.C. The year in which

the siege of Alesia took place was 702. This fact alone would serve, if

needed, to demonstrate that Alise and Alesia are the same place.

The examination of the coins of Gaulish fabrication is equally

important. They belong to twenty-four _civitates_, or different tribes.

Military contingents, assembled from all parts of the Gaulish territory,

have therefore taken part in the war in which these coins were lost and

scattered in the soil. But the decisive fact is, that in this number we

find 103 which are incontestably of Arvernan origin; one of them bears,

distinctly inscribed, the name of Vercingetorix. Of 487 Gaulish coins,

103 belong to the Arverni.

We may add that, among the latter, 61 bear the name of Epasnactus, who

became, after the capitulation of Alesia, a faithful ally of the Romans,

and the chief of Arvernia. (_De Bello Gallico_, VIII. 44.) Now the coins

of Epasnactus have been long well known; they may be subdivided into two

classes: some, anterior to the submission of that personage, present

pure Gaulish types; others, of later date, offer only Romanised types,

if we may use the expression. In the fosses of Camp D have been found

only coins of Epasnactus of the primitive type. The battle in which

these coins were lost by the Arverni before Alise was, therefore,

anterior to the year 51 B.C., the year of the submission of Epasnactus.

LIST OF ANCIENT COINS

FOUND IN THE EXCAVATIONS AT ALISE.

COINS STRUCK IN THE MINT AT ROME.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

N o | | |

u f | | |

m | | |

b e | Names or Symbols | |

e a | of the | Probable | Numbers of

r c | Magistrates inscribed | Dates | the Plates

h | on the Coins | A.U.C. | in Cohen’s Work

-----|---------------------------------------------------------------------

1 | Anonymous. | 485-537 |Pl. XLIII. _Uncertain_ 1.

| | | (The word ROMA is

| | | not in incuse letters.)

1 | Anonymous. | 558-579 |Pl. XLIII. _Uncertain_ 2.

| | | (The word ROMA is in

| | | a rectangle.)

1 | M. ATILI. SARAN. | 580-588 |Pl. VII Atilia 2.

1 | NAT. | 589-595 | Pl. XXXI Pinaria 2.

1 | L. CVP. | 602-605 |Pl. XVI Cupiennia.

1 | M. IVNI. | 602-605 |Pl. XXIII Junia 2.

1 | C. RENI. | 606-609 |Pl. XXXVI Renia.

1 | P. PAETVS. | 606-609 |Pl. I Ælia 1.

1 | CN. LVCR. TRIO. | 624-627 |Pl. XXV Lucretia 1.

1 | M. MARC. | 640-643 |Pl. XXVI Marcia 3.

1 | M. PORC. LAECA. | 644-647 |Pl. XXXIV Porcia 2.

1 | Q. METE. | 648-651 |Pl. VIII Cæcilia 3.

1 | M. VARG. | 652 |Pl. XL Vargunteia.

1 | T. CLOVLI. (a quinarius) | 653 |Pl. XII Cloulia 2.

1 | Q. PILIPVS. | 658 |Pl. XXVI Marcia 4.

1 | L. LIC. CN. DOM. L. PORCI. | 662 |Pl. XXXIV Porcia 1.

| LICI. | |

1 | M. HERENNI. | 663 |Pl. XIX Herennia.

2 | L. IVLI. L.F. CAESAR. | 664 |Pl. XX Julia 4.

1 | C. COIL. CALD. | 664 |Pl. XIII Cœlia 2.

1 | CALD. | 664 |Pl. XIII Cœlia 3.

1 | Q. THERM. M.F. | 664 |Pl. XXVIII Minucia 5.

1 | L. THORIVS BALBVS | 664 |Pl. XXXIX Thoria.

1 | P. SERVILI M.F. RVLLI. | 665 |Pl. XXXVIII Servilia 6.

1 | C. ALLI. BALA | 665 |Pl. I Aelia 3.

1 | L. PISO FRVGI (a quinarius) | 666 |Pl. IX Calpurnia 5.

2 | L. PISO FRVGI. | 666 |Pl. IX Calpurnia 10.

1 | Q. TITI. | 667 |Pl. XXXIX Titia 1.

4 | Q. TITI. | 667 |Pl. XXXIX Titia 2.

4 | C. VIBIVS C.F. PANSA. | 667 |Pl. XLI Vibia 4.

1 | L. TITVRI. SABIN. | 667 |Pl. XXXIX Tituria 4.

2 | L. TITVRI. SABIN. | 667 |Pl. XXXIX Titnria 5.

1 | C. CENSO. | 668 |Pl. XXVI Marcia 7.

8 | CN. LENTVL. | 668 |Pl. XIV Cornelia 7.

1 | L. RVBRI. DOSSEN. | 668 |Pl. XXXVI Rubria 1.

3 | L.C. MEMIES L.F. GAL. | 668 |Pl. XXVII Memmia 3.

1 | MN. FONTEI. C.F. | 669 |Pl. XVIII Fonteia 4.

-----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

N o | | |

u f | | |

m | | |

b e |

e a | | Probable |

r c | Names or Symbols of the | Dates | Numbers of the Plates in

h |Magistrates inscribed on the Coins | A.U.C. | Cohen’s Work

-----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 |CAR. OGVL. VER. | 670 |Pl. XI Carvilia 3.

2 |C. LIMETA. P. CREPVSI. | 671 |Pl. XXVI Marcia 10.

I. CENSORIN.

1 |L. CENSOR. | 671 |Pl. XXVI Marcia 9.

2 |P. CREPVSI. | 671 |Pl. XVI Crepusia.

4 |C. MAMIL. LIMETAN. | 671 |Pl. XXV Mamilia.

1 |C. ANNI. T.F.T.N.L. | 672 |Pl. II Annia 2.

| FABI. L.F. | |

1 |C. NAE. BALB. | 672 |Pl. XXIX Nævia.

1 |L. PAPI. | 673 |Pl. XXX Papia 1.

2 |TI. CLAVD. TI. F. AP. N. | 673 |Pl. XII Claudia 3.

1 |C. MARI. C.F. CAPIT. | 674 |Pl. XXVI Maria 3.

1 |L. PROCILI. F. | 675 |Pl. XXXV Procilia 1.

2 |L. PROCILI. F. | 675 |Pl. XXXV Procilia 2.

1 |P. SATRIENVS | 676 |Pl. XXXVI Satriena.

1 |L. RVTILI. FLAC. | 676 |Pl. XXXVI Rutilia.

1 |L. LVCRETI. TRIO | 677 |Pl. XXV Lucretia 2.

1 |MN. AQVIL. MN. F. MN. N. | 682 |Pl. VI Aquillia 2.

6 |PAVLLVS LEPIDVS | 683 |Pl. I Æmilia 9.

2 |PAVLLVS LEPIDVS LIBO | 683 |Pl. I Æmilia 10.

2 |LIBO | 683 |Pl. XXXVI Scribonia 2.

2 |C. HOSIDI. C.F. GETA | 683 |Pl. XIX Hosidia 1.

1 |C. HOSIDI. C.F. GETA | 683 |Pl. XIX Hosidia 2.

1 |P. GALB. | 683 |Pl. XXXVIII Sulpicia 2.

2 |L. ROSCI FABATI | 684 |Pl. XXXVI Roscia.

1 |M. PLAETORI. CEST. | 686 |Pl. XXXII Plætoria 3.

1 |M. PLAETORIVS M.F. | 686 |Pl. XXXII Plætoria 9.

| CESTIANVS | |

1 |C. PISO L.F. FRVGI. | 690 |Pl. IX Calpurnia 15.

1 |C. PISO L.F. FRVGI. | 690 |Pl. IX Calpurnia 16.

1 |Q. CASSIVS | 695 |Pl. XI Cassia 6.

5 |M. SCAVR. P. HYPSAE. | 696 |Pl. I Æmilia 1.

2 |Q. POMPEI. RVF. | 697 |Pl. XV Cornelia 20. (This

| | | coin ought to be classed

| | | with the Pompeia.)

1 |PHILIPPVS | 698 |Pl. XXVI Marcia 8.

1 |P. CRASSVS M.F. (incuse) | 699 |Pl. XXIV Licinia 2.

1 |FAVSTVS (in a monogram) | 700 |Pl. XV Cornelia 23.

1 |A. PLAVTIVS | 700 |Pl. XXXIII Plautia 6.

-----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------

The coins of the social war (664-665), of the time of Marias and Sylla

(666-674), and of the last two years of the war of Spartacus (682-683),

are extremely common, and mostly of very rude work.

COINS STRUCK IN SOUTHERN ITALY.

------+--------------------------+----------+----------------------------

Number| Names or Symbols of the | Probable |

of | Magistrates inscribed | Dates | Numbers of the Plates in

each | on the Coins | A.U.C. | Cohen’s Work

------+--------------------------+----------+----------------------------

1 |A club. | 485-537 | This coin is not found in

| | | Cohen.

1 |Anonymous. | 538-557 | Pl. XLIII uncertain 2. (The

| | | name on the exergue is

| | | written ROMA.)

1 |Anonymous. | 558-579 | Pl. XLIII uncertain 2. (The

| | | name on the exergue is

| | | written ROMA.)

3 |Q. FABI. LABEO | 653 | Pl. XVII Fabia 2.

1 |M. TVLLI. | 653 | Pl. XXXIX Tullia.

1 |M. SERGI. | 655 | Pl. XXXVII Sergia.

3 |L. FLAMINI. CILO | 656 | Pl. XVIII Flaminia 1.

1 |M. CIPI M.F. (incuse) | 658 | Pl. XII Cipia.

1 |P. NERVA | 659 | Pl. XXXVIII Silia.

1 |L. PHILIPPVS. | 660 | Pl. XXVI Marcia 5.

2 |M. FOVRI L.F. PHILI | 662 | Pl. XIX Furia 3.

1 |MN. AEMILIO LEP. | 663 | Pl. I Æmilia 3.

1 |CN. BLASIO CN. F. | 663 | Pl. XIV Cornelia 4.

1 |L. CAESI. | 663 | Pl. VIII Cæsia.

1 |Q. LVTATI | 664 | Pl. XXV Lutatia 2.

8 |L. MEMMI. | 664 | Pl. XXVII Memmia 1.

1 |L. VALERI FLACCI | 664 | Pl. XL Valeria 3.

1 |M. CATO | 664 | Pl. XXXV Porcia 6.

1 |A. ALBINVS S.F. | 665 | Pl. XXXV Postumia 2.

------+--------------------------+----------+----------------------------

This series ends with the social war in 665.

COINS STRUCK OUT OF ITALY.

------+--------------------------+----------+--------------------------

Number| Names or Symbols of the | Probable |

of | Magistrates inscribed | Dates | Numbers of the Plates in

each | on the Coins | A.U.C. | Cohen’s Work

------+--------------------------+----------+--------------------------

2 | CN. LEN. Q. | 678-682 | Pl. XIV Cornelia 10.

2 | LENT. CVR. X FL. | 678-682 | Pl. XIV Cornelia 11.

------+--------------------------+----------+--------------------------

These coins were struck in Spain during the war of Sertorius. No

provincial coins were struck during the interval between the two civil

wars from 682 to 704.

GAULISH COINS (FROM CAMP D, ON THE BANKS OF THE OSE).

ARVERNI.

ANEPIGRAPHIC COINS Number of each.

Electrum. Staters with the types of Vercingetorix 3

Electrum. Stater with an effigy adorned with a singular head-dress 1

Silver. Thick and ancient denarii of various types 13

Silver. A thick and ancient denarius, with a bird under the horse 1

Silver. A thick and ancient denarius, of the type, of the staters

of Vercingetorix 1

COINS WITH NAMES OF CHIEFS.

VERCINGETORIXS. This coin appears to be of copper, and yet

may be only a stater of very debased electrum 1

Æ. CVNVANOS 5

Æ. CALIIDV 7

Æ. A. behind the effigy 2

[AR]. PICTILOS 8

[AR]. EPAD. Epasnactus, before his submission 3

Æ IIPAD·℞-CICIIDV·BRI. Epasnactus 59

NOTE.--Three of these latter coins are stuck together.

AULERCI-EBUROVICES.

Æ. CAMBIL. (Camulogenus?) 5

BITURIGES.

ANEPIGRAPHIC COINS.

Electrum. Staters with a peacock placed above the horse 2

[AR]. Head. ℞. horse and boar 1

[AR]. Head dressed with long locks of hair 1

[AR]. The same type. A branch above the horse 1

[AR]. The same type. A sword and pentagram 1

COINS WITH LEGENDS.

Electrum. ABVDOS. A stater 1

Æ. The same legend 9

Æ. The same type. OSNAII 1

Æ. The same type. ISVNIS 1

Electrum. SOLIMA. A stater 1

[AR]. The same legend 6

[AR]. DIASVLOS 7

Æ. The same type. YNO 4

[AR]. The same type. ƎIOV 1

Æ. Under the horse. ƆƐN 1

Æ. Under the horse. CAM (Cambolectres?) 1

BUCIOS.

Æ. An unknown coin, at present unique 1

CADURCI.

Æ. Anepigraphic. Types of the coins of Lucterius 1

CARNUTES.

ANEPIGRAPHIC COINS.

Brass 7

Æ. Head. ℞. An eagle and serpent 4

Æ. Head. ℞. Eagle and young eagle 1

COINS WITH LEGENDS.

Æ. VANDIILIOS. 19

Æ. CALIAGIIS. 12

Æ. TASGIITIOS. Tasgetius 1

ÆDUI.

ANEPIGRAPHIC COINS.

[AR]. Old denarii. 27

COINS WITH LEGENDS.

[AR]. ΚΑΔ--ΕΔΟV. (Celts-Ædui). 2

[AR]. ANORBO-DVBNOREX. (Dumnorix). 14

[AR]. DVBNOREX-DVBNO-COV. (Dumnorix). 4

[AR]. DVBNOREX-DVBNO-COV. (Dumnorix.) The

chief holds in his hand a man’s head cut off. 1

[AR]. LITA. Litavicus. 12

HELVII?

[AR]. EPOMIID. A lion. ℞. Two heads embracing. 4

LEMOVICES.

[AR]. A human head above the horse. 5

LEUCI.

Brass, with the boar. 1

LEAGUE AGAINST THE GERMANS.

[AR]. Quinarii with the horseman. 2

MANDUBII (OR LINGONES)?

Brass. 32

MASSALIETES.

[AR]. Oboli with the wheel. 2

PETROCORII.

[AR]. With the boar lying down 4

PICTONES.

Electrum. A stater with the hand. 1

Æ. Anepigraphic. 1

COINS WITH NAMES OF CHIEFS.

[AR]. VIIROTAL. A warrior standing. 10

[AR]. VIIROTAL. A lion. 1

REMI.

Æ. With three heads joined together. 2

SANTONES.

Electrum. A stater. Under the horse SA. 1

SENONES.

Brass, anepigraphic. Animals facing each other. 1

Æ. YLLYCCI 6

SEQUANI.

Brass, anepigraphic. 12

[AR]. SEQVANOIOTVOS. 16

[AR]. TOGIRIX. 72

[AR]. Q·DOCI SAM·F. 18

SUESSIONES.

Æ. Divitiacus. ΔEIOVICIA-COS. 1

TREVIRI.

[AR]. Anepigraphic 1

TRICASSES (OR LINGONES)?

Brass 2

VELIOCASSES.

Æ. A figure kneeling 1

VOLCÆ-ARECOMICI.

[AR]. 1

VOLCÆ-TECTOSAGES.

[AR]. 3

VOLCÆ-TECTOSAGES.

EMIGRANTS FROM GERMANY.

[AR]. 1

UNCERTAIN FROM THE SOUTH.

Æ. A horse drinking in a vase 3

UNDETERMINABLE.

[AR]. 1

Æ. and brass 14

APPENDIX D.

NOTICE ON CÆSAR’S LIEUTENANTS.

In his campaign against Ariovistus, Cæsar had six legions; he put at the

head of each either one of his lieutenants or his quæstor. (_De Bello

Gallico_, I. 52.) His principal officers, then, were at that period six

in number, namely, T. Labienus, bearing the title of _legatus pro

prœtore_ (I. 21), Publius Crassus, L. Arunculeius Cotta, Q. Titurius

Sabinus, Q. Pedius, and C. Salpicius Galba.

1. T. ATTIUS LABIENUS.

T. Attius Labienus had been tribune of the people in 691, and had, in

this quality, been the accuser of C. Rabirius. He served Cæsar with zeal

during eight years in Gaul. Although he had been loaded with his

favours, and had, thanks to him, amassed a great fortune (Cicero,

_Epist. ad Atticum_, VII. 7.--Cæsar, _De Bello Civili_, I. 15), he

deserted his cause as soon as the civil war broke out, and in 706 became

Pompey’s lieutenant in Greece. After the battle of Pharsalia, he went,

with Afranius, to rejoin Cato at Corcyra, and passed afterwards into

Africa. When Scipio was vanquished, Labienus repaired to Spain, to Cn.

Pompey. He was slain at the battle of Munda. Cæsar caused a public

funeral to be given to the man who had repaid his benefits by so much

ingratitude. (Florus, IV. 2.--Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 105.--Dio

Cassius, XLIII. 30, 38.)

2. PUBLIUS LICINIUS CRASSUS.

Publius Licinius Crassus Dives, youngest son of the celebrated triumvir,

started with Cæsar for the war in Gaul, made the conquest of Aquitaine,

and was employed to conduct to Rome the soldiers who were to vote in

favour of Pompey and Crassus. He quitted Cæsar’s army in 698, or at the

beginning of 699. Taken by his father into Syria, he perished, in 701,

in the war against the Parthians, still very young; for Cicero, attached

to him by an intimate friendship (_Epist. Familiar._, V. 8), speaks of

him as _adolescens_ in a letter to Quintus (II. 9), written in May, 699.

He was, nevertheless, already augur, and the great orator succeeded him

in that dignity. (Cicero, _Epist. Familiar._, XV. 4.--Plutarch,

_Cicero_, 47.)

3. L. ARUNCULEIUS COTTA.

The biography of Arunculeius Cotta, before his arrival in Gaul, is not

known. His name leads us to suppose that he was descended from a family

of clients or freedmen of the _gens Aurelia_, in which the name of

_Cotta_ was hereditary. The mother of Cæsar was an Aurelia.

4. QUINTUS TITURIUS SABINUS.

The antecedents of Quintus Titurius Sabinus are no more known than those

of Arunculeius Cotta, whose melancholy fate he shared. His name shows

that he descended from the family of Sabine origin of the Titurii, which

had given different magistrates to the Republic. The name of Titurius is

found on several consular medals; it is also found in some inscriptions

posterior to the time of Cæsar.

5. Q. PEDIUS.

Q. Pedius was the son of a sister of Cæsar. (Suetonius, _Cæsar_, 83.)

Elected ædile in the year 700 (Cicero, _Orat. pro. Plancio_, 7), he must

have quitted the army of Gaul at the latest in 699. When the civil war

broke out, he remained one of the firmest adherents of his uncle, whose

interests he sustained, in 705, at Capua. (Cicero, _Epist. ad Atticum_,

IX. 14.) He was prætor when he was besieged in Cosa, by Milo, a partisan

of Pompey. He was sent into Spain with Q. Fabius. (Cæsar, _De Bello

Civili_, III. 22; _De Bello Hispan._, 2.--Dio Cassius, XLIII. 31.) Made

by Cæsar’s will the heir of one-eighth of his wealth, he gave up what

was left to him to Octavius. (Suetonius, _Cæsar_, 83.--Appian, _Civil

Wars_, III. 94.) It was at the motion of Q. Pedius, then consul, that

the law was passed which has received its name from him, and which was

directed against the murderers of the Dictator. (Velleius Paterculus,

II. 65.--Suetonius, _Nero_, 3.) Q. Pedius remained faithful to Octavius,

yet he proposed the retractation of the declaration of war launched

against Antony and Lepidus. He was admitted to the secret of the

triumvirate, which was on the point of being concluded, and died

suddenly before the end of the year 711. (Dio Cassius, XLVI. 52--Appian,

_Civil Wars_, IV. 6.)

6. SERVIUS SULPICIUS GALBA.