of his continued prayers on your behalf, that you may be guided, protected
and sustained in your devoted services to the Faith....
P.S.--Shoghi Effendi is deeply interested in the plans you are developing
to aid and attract more young people to the Faith. He feels this is both
praiseworthy and a valuable method of teaching the Cause.
[From the Guardian:]
Dear and valued co-worker,
The work so splendidly initiated by the English believers and so devotedly
and energetically pursued and consolidated in these days of peril,
uncertainty and turmoil, establishes beyond any doubt their right to claim
to be the true upholders and custodians of the Faith of Baha'u'llah. They
have, ever since the outbreak of this world wide conflict, abundantly
demonstrated the high quality of their faith, the soundness of their
institutions, the intensity of their devotion, and their capacity to
defend and promote the interests of their beloved Cause. Impelled by
admiration and gratitude for the work they have already accomplished, I
have contributed a sum which I trust will enable them to extend the range
of their teaching activities throughout the British Isles. May the Beloved
graciously assist them to achieve such victories in this field as shall
truly befit the conclusion of the first century of the Baha'i Era.
Your true and grateful brother,
Shoghi
Letter of 12 November 1942
12 November 1942
CABLING TWO HUNDRED POUNDS CARE COOKS THANKSGIVING PROTECTION COMMUNITY
BELIEVERS BRITISH ISLES AND FURTHERANCE ALL-IMPORTANT TEACHING ACTIVITIES
PRAYING CONTINUALLY EPOCH MAKING VICTORIES.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 13 January 1943
13 January 1943
CONVEY GLAD TIDINGS ENGLISH BELIEVERS COMPLETION EXTERIOR EDIFICE MOTHER
TEMPLE WEST ADVISE CABLE CONGRATULATIONS REPRESENTATIVES AMERICAN BAHA'IS
SUPERB ACHIEVEMENT AND WIDE PUBLICITY BRITISH PRESS.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 20 January 1943
20 January 1943
ASSURE ATTENDANTS CONFERENCE LOVING APPRECIATION PRAYERS.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 9 March 1943
9 March 1943
Dear Baha'i Sister,
Your letters dated July 19th 1942, Aug. 20th 1942, Sept. 15th 1942, and
Dec. 8th 1942 have all reached the Guardian safely, as well as their
enclosures, and he has instructed me to answer them on his behalf.
This last year he has been greatly overburdened with work, and that is why
he so frequently has to delay the answering of his many letters.
The good news you conveyed of the marked success of the various Summer
Schools held last year pleased him greatly. When the English friends
remember that it is not many years since they ventured on their first
Summer School and now, during war time, they have managed to hold four
successful ones, they should feel very encouraged and proud! It shows that
when the determination is strong and the faith firm, the friends can work
wonders and surprise even themselves!
He was also delighted to hear of the successful teaching work and public
meetings undertaken in Bradford and Manchester, and that the
advertisements and publicity which you are sponsoring are meeting with a
certain amount of response from the public.
He hopes that some of the friends will find it possible to move, at least
temporarily, to centres where sufficient believers, or interested
enquirers exist to enable a Spiritual Assembly to be formed by 1944. If
such work is feasible it is, indeed, of great importance and well worth
the sacrifices involved. This policy of settlement has been fruitful in
both India and the United States, and as soon as a determined and active
Assembly is started it is, of course, much easier to teach and carry on
the work of the Cause.
The burdens everyone has to bear these days are heavy, and the way often
seems long and hard which we and our fellow-men in general, are called
upon to tread; but we know where it leads and what our work is and what
that work must ultimately mean to not only the Baha'is but the whole
world. This knowledge strengthens us and enables us to go on with a faith
and confidence which cannot but help and inspire others. We are
Baha'u'llah's army and we cannot fail, as He leads us on.
The Guardian assures you and all the N.S.A. members of his most loving
prayers. The English friends are increasingly dear to him, and he has
great hopes for their future achievements.
[From the Guardian:]
Dear and valued co-workers,
The evidences of renewed activity in the teaching field are most
encouraging and the spirit which animates the English believers in these
days of stress and peril is highly inspiring. As the first Baha'i century
draws to a close, a supreme effort should be exerted by the believers in
order to consummate befittingly the task they have arisen to achieve. I
will pray with all my heart that the hopes they cherish may be realised,
and their continued labours be crowned with glorious success.
Your true and grateful brother,
Shoghi
Naw-Ruz, 1943
APPRECIATE MESSAGE RECIPROCATE LOVING GREETINGS THANKFUL DIVINE PROTECTION
PRAYING UNPRECEDENTED VICTORIES LAST YEAR FIRST BAHA'I CENTURY.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 21 April 1943 (Convention)
21 April 1943 (Convention)
APPEAL DELEGATES ASSEMBLED CONVENTION DELIBERATE PROMPT EFFECTUAL MEASURES
ENSURE UNPRECEDENTED EXPANSION PIONEER TEACHING ACTIVITIES LAST YEAR
CENTURY AND BEFITTING CELEBRATION MAY 1944 CENTENARY FAITH ADVISE PREPARE
SURVEY OUTSTANDING EVENTS FORTY-FIVE YEAR HISTORY FAITH BRITISH ISLES
ASSURE FRIENDS FERVENT CONTINUED PRAYERS ABUNDANT BLESSINGS SUCCESS
TWO-FOLD TASK CABLING THREE HUNDRED POUNDS CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS FULFILMENT
PROJECTED UNDERTAKINGS DEEPEST LOVE.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 26 April 1943
26 April 1943
DELIGHTED RESPONSE HIGH RESOLVE ASSURE ASSEMBLY PRAYERS MAGNIFICENT
VICTORIES.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 12 May 1943
12 May 1943
KINDLY AIR MAIL IMMEDIATELY FULL LIST NAMES ALL LOCALITIES BRITISH ISLES
WHERE ONE OR MORE BELIEVERS RESIDE SPECIFYING THOSE POSSESSING SPIRITUAL
ASSEMBLIES.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 17 June 1943
17 June 1943
CABLING TWO HUNDRED POUNDS THROUGH COOKS CONTRIBUTION ASSIST YOUR ASSEMBLY
CELEBRATE BEFITTINGLY CENTENARY BELOVED FAITH WRITING.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 17 June 1943
17 June 1943
Dear Baha'i Sister,
ASSURE NEWLY DECLARED BELIEVERS WELCOME PRAYERS.
He was very pleased to hear that the publicity you are giving the Faith is
meeting with a wider response than has hitherto been the case, and he
hopes that the N.S.A. and local Assemblies will organise their efforts in
such a way as to enable them to draw enquirers closer to the Cause and, if
possible, meet with them and include them in suitable teaching classes.
Regarding the matter of Fuad Afnan's grave, the Guardian has no objection
to its being built.
He feels that Baha'is who, though still considering themselves believers,
omit attending the 19 Day Feasts for long periods, should not be deprived
of their voting rights; they should, however, be encouraged to attend
these Feasts as often as possible.
In less than a year the Baha'is the world over will be celebrating the
100th anniversary of their Faith, and the Guardian is very anxious that
the British believers should commemorate this historic occasion
befittingly. He would, therefore, suggest that your Assembly take up the
following points for deliberation as soon as possible:
1. The holding of a large and representative gathering, attended by the
Baha'is and the public alike, in a hired hall in London on the 23rd May
1944. He feels that prominent friends and sympathisers of the Faith should
be invited to speak on this occasion, as well as Baha'is, and that every
effort should be made to make the gathering both festive and dignified, as
befits so blessed and solemn an occasion.
2. The publication of a Centenary Pamphlet outlining the important events
of the Faith, and with a special emphasis placed on the rise and
development of the Cause in England, its early history in that country,
the achievements of the friends in spreading the Teachings there and
establishing the administration, the formation of the Publishing Trust,
and so on.
3. He wishes your Assembly to call the annual Baha'i Convention for days
that will include the 22nd May, so that all the assembled friends may be
present at a special Baha'i meeting to be held at 2 hours and 11 minutes
after sunset on May 22nd as this is the exact time at which the Bab made
His first historic declaration of His mission to Mulla ?usayn.
In order to aid the dear English believers in their befitting celebration
of so glorious an occasion the Guardian is forwarding to your Assembly the
sum of two hundred pounds sterling to be used for the arrangements you
deem fit to make, and the publication of the above mentioned pamphlet. The
Baha'i communities all over the world--wherever free to do so--will also be
celebrating this memorable day, each according to its capacity, and he is
very anxious that the British Baha'is should, as befits their increasingly
prominent position in the Baha'i World, demonstrate to the public and to
their fellow believers, the vitality of their community and the marked
advancement it has made of late. He leaves all details to the discretion
of your Assembly.
Mr. Yool of Manchester was recently able to spend his leave in Haifa at
the Western Pilgrim House, and the Guardian was so happy to welcome one of
the English friends here. He hopes that after the war many will be able to
make the pilgrimage. They will be most welcome.
Assuring you and all the members of the N.S.A. of his loving prayers and
his ardent hopes for the success of this great celebration which you will
now be planning....
P.S. The Guardian recently cabled asking you to forward a complete list of
all Spiritual Assemblies in the British Isles and the name of every
locality where one or more believers reside.
[From the Guardian:]
Dear and valued co-workers,
I pray that the celebration of the Centenary of our beloved Faith by the
English believers may be a remarkable success. The committee that will
have to be appointed for this purpose must strain every nerve, explore
every avenue, and lose no time in order to ensure the unqualified success
of this undertaking. I will supplicate the Beloved to guide every step you
take, to aid you to surmount all obstacles, and to inspire you to
undertake the measures that are most conducive to the proper discharge of
your noble task. The widest possible publicity should be given to the
Faith by every means at your disposal.
Your true and grateful brother,
Shoghi
Letter of 4 August 1943
4 August 1943
Dear Baha'i Sister,
Your letters, written on behalf of the National Spiritual Assembly and
dated May 14th and June 6th have been received, together with the minutes
of the April and May N.S.A. meetings, and the Guardian has instructed me
to answer them on his behalf.
He was very encouraged to see the number of places where there are now one
or two registered Baha'is residing, as these are beacons of the
Faith--however lonely and however, as yet, feeble the light they are able
to radiate.
The Guardian feels that it would be an excellent plan if some way could be
found to raise Bournemouth and Torquay to Assembly status; either through
some self-sacrificing souls moving to these places and thus giving them
the required number, or through the efforts of the local and visiting
teachers. With the Centenary of the Faith so rapidly approaching it seems
a great pity that England should be deprived of these two Assemblies, when
each one of them only requires one person to bring it to Assembly status.
Regarding the questions you asked in connection with the following minutes
of the N.S.A. meetings: 753. The Guardian advises you to consult Canon
Townshend, and if he considers it advisable to compile a pamphlet for
distribution to the clergy you could get one out along the lines he might
suggest as suitable. 754. He would not advise any special contact being
made with the Swedenborgians as the Master's reference is not sufficiently
clear and emphatic to warrant it. 755. The Guardian does not believe you
should ask the Russian Embassy for help in locating Mde. Grinevskaya's
play about the Bab, as he believes they could be of no help in the matter.
You might ask the American N.S.A. if they have this material available.
The Guardian's prayers are offered on behalf of the N.S.A. members, that
you, one and all, may be aided and guided in your labours during the
coming months, to prepare the way for a befitting and glorious Centenary
celebration of our beloved Faith during May of 1944.
[From the Guardian:]
Dearly beloved friends,
I was so pleased and encouraged to witness the recent evidences of the
determination of the English believers to arise, as never before, during
this concluding year of the first Baha'i century, and ensure the extension
of the teaching activities of the Faith, the consolidation of its
interests, and a better understanding and wider recognition of its aims,
its principles, and accomplishments. The efforts they must exert during
these remaining months must be unprecedented in their range and character.
The blessings that will be vouchsafed to them, if they unitedly persevere
and vigorously prosecute their urgent task, will alike be unprecedented.
The preparation for a befitting celebration of the forthcoming Centenary
must likewise be carefully and energetically carried out. May the Almighty
sustain and guide them in their vast and meritorious endeavours.
Shoghi
Letter of 10 August 1943 (Summer School)
10 August 1943 (Summer School)
CONCENTRATION TEACHING AND CENTENARY PREPARATIONS MOST VITAL MATTERS
FERVENTLY PRAY ALL MAY BECOME RADIANTLY ACTIVE GREETINGS DEEPLY
APPRECIATED.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 25 October 1943
25 October 1943
ADVISE CONTACT HERBERT SAMUEL RONALD STORRS TUDOR POLE AND OTHER
SYMPATHISERS WHICH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY MAY SUGGEST VIGOROUS ACTION NECESSARY
SAFEGUARD INTERESTS FAITH INSURE SUCCESS CELEBRATION.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 2 November 1943
2 November 1943
CABLING FIVE HUNDRED POUNDS TO BE EXPENDED DISCRETION YOUR ASSEMBLY
FURTHERANCE TEACHING ACTIVITIES AND BAHA'I PUBLICATIONS DEEPEST LOVE
ASSURANCE CONTINUED PRAYERS.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 5 January 1944
5 January 1944(33)
KINDLY CABLE DATE FORMATION FIRST BAHA'I NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 13 March 1944
13 March 1944
Dear Baha'i Sister,
Your letters dated July 15th, Aug. 12th, Oct. 3rd, Nov. 1st and 10th and
Dec. 5th together with various enclosures have been received, and the
Guardian has instructed me to answer them on his behalf.
Regarding the article by Mrs. Thornburgh-Cropper, the Guardian does not
place such material in the archives, but it might possibly be either
stored with past documents or have been returned to the "Baha'i World"
Committee. He regrets his inability to forward it to you in time to be of
any use in preparing the Centenary Pamphlet.
He would like you to assure Mr. St. Barbe Baker that the Baha'is would be
happy to avail themselves of his connections in Africa and his assistance
and advice in the future teaching work there. Tremendous tasks lie ahead
of the believers during the opening years of the second Baha'i century,
and undoubtedly spreading the Faith in Africa will be one of them.
He considered the Diary gotten out by the Publishing Trust to be in
excellent taste, and is very pleased it has proved a medium of spreading
the news of the existence of our beloved Faith and its nature. He
appreciated receiving the copies forwarded to him. He is also very pleased
to hear that the publication of the Centenary Pamphlet is now assured.
He sees no objection to getting out a compilation of Tablets of
Baha'u'llah and 'Abdu'l-Baha (as per minute No. 906) providing the source
is authentic and the translations faithful and presentable.
He was very pleased to see that new and better headquarters for the
Assembly and meetings in London have been found, and trusts this
foreshadows the development of a national administrative headquarters
there in England in the not too distant future.
In spite of the burden the Baha'is, in common with their countrymen, are
bearing these days, they are showing marked progress in their activities,
and he feels confident that the friends, so loyal and devoted to the
beloved Faith, will arise unitedly, in so important a country as
England--one of the first to receive the Divine Message in the West--and
will ensure that the Centenary is befittingly celebrated in spite of the
many difficulties to be overcome.
Assuring you one and all of his ardent prayers for the success of your
work, for your strength and protection....
P.S. Your letter of Jan. 18th has been received and the Guardian wishes to
state that in connection with the royalties on "Paris Talks" that, as Mrs.
Hall and her sister wish to turn them over to the Cause, the Assembly
should accept and the money in future go to the National Fund there in
England....
Any royalties on the works of the Master, as one of the Central Figures of
our Faith, are naturally the property of the Cause and not of His heirs.
[From the Guardian:]
Dear and valued co-workers,
I am delighted to hear of the steps that have been taken by your Assembly
in preparation for the forthcoming celebration of the centenary of our
beloved Faith, and I pray that success may crown your devoted efforts. The
English believers are in every field of Baha'i activity and service
demonstrating the quality of their faith and the keen sense of
responsibility which animates them in their organised and concerted
endeavours for the promotion of the vital interests of the Faith. I feel
proud of their record of service, and will pray with increasing fervour
for their protection and success.
Shoghi
Naw-Ruz, 1944
APPRECIATE GREETINGS PRAYING GREAT VICTORIES OPENING CENTURY.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 22 April 1944
22 April 1944
CABLING ONE THOUSAND POUNDS MY LOVING CONTRIBUTION FURTHER EXTENSION
BAHA'I PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES AND INITIATION ADDITIONAL MEASURES ENSURE
BRILLIANT SUCCESS CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS PRAYING ARDENTLY SUCCESS BOTH
FIELDS.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 1 May 1944
1 May 1944
DELIGHTED PRAYING FERVENTLY SUCCESS.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 3 May 1944
3 May 1944(34)
ADVISE SHARE FOLLOWING FACTS WITH BELIEVERS AT CONVENTION CELEBRATING
HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY FAITH BAHA'U'LLAH. BAHA'IS ESTABLISHED RESIDENCE
SEVENTY EIGHT COUNTRIES FIFTY SIX OF WHICH ARE SOVEREIGN STATES. BAHA'I
LITERATURE TRANSLATED PUBLISHED FORTY ONE LANGUAGES. TRANSLATIONS
UNDERTAKEN TWELVE ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES. THIRTY ONE RACES REPRESENTED
BAHA'I WORLD COMMUNITY. FIVE NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES AND SIXTY ONE LOCAL
ASSEMBLIES BELONGING TEN COUNTRIES INCORPORATED LEGALLY EMPOWERED HOLD
PROPERTY. BAHA'I INTERNATIONAL ENDOWMENTS HOLY LAND ESTIMATED HALF MILLION
POUNDS. NATIONAL BAHA'I ENDOWMENTS UNITED STATES ESTIMATED ONE MILLION
SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS. AREA LAND JORDAN VALLEY DEDICATED BAHA'I
SHRINES OVER FIVE HUNDRED FIFTY ACRES. SITE PURCHASED FUTURE BAHA'I TEMPLE
PERSIA COMPRISES THREE AND HALF MILLION SQUARE METERS. COST STRUCTURE
FIRST BAHA'I TEMPLE WEST ONE MILLION THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS. IN
EVERY STATE PROVINCE NORTH AMERICA BAHA'I ASSEMBLIES FUNCTIONING. IN
THIRTEEN HUNDRED LOCALITIES UNITED STATES CANADA BAHA'IS RESIDING. BAHA'I
CENTRES ESTABLISHED EVERY REPUBLIC LATIN AMERICA FIFTEEN OF WHICH POSSESS
SPIRITUAL ASSEMBLIES. FAITH WESTERN HEMISPHERE NOW STRETCHES FROM
ANCHORAGE ALASKA TO MAGALLANES WORLD'S SOUTHERN-MOST CITY. SIXTY TWO
CENTRES ESTABLISHED INDIA TWENTY SEVEN WITH SPIRITUAL ASSEMBLIES. AMONG
HISTORIC SITES PURCHASED PERSIA ?IHRAN HOME BAHA'U'LLAH BAB'S SHOP
BU_SH_IHR BURIAL PLACE QUDDUS PART VILLAGE _CH_IHRIQ THREE GARDENS
BADA_SH_T PLACE CONFINEMENT TAHIRIH. BAHA'I NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE
HEADQUARTERS FOUNDED ?IHRAN DELHI CAIRO BA_GH_DAD WILMETTE SYDNEY. BAHA'I
ENDOWMENTS HOLY LAND AND UNITED STATES EXEMPTED TAXES BY CIVIL
AUTHORITIES. CIVIL RECOGNITION EXTENDED BAHA'I ASSEMBLIES IN FIVE STATES
UNITED STATES SOLEMNISE BAHA'I MARRIAGES. SUGGEST UTILISE ABOVE
INFORMATION PUBLICITY PURPOSES WHEREVER ADVISABLE.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 22 May 1944
22 May 1944
REJOICE MAGNIFICENT SUCCESS CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS VALIANT LOYAL BELOVED
COMMUNITY ENGLISH BELIEVERS. CONVEY SIR RONALD STORRS LOVING APPRECIATION
HIS NOBLE ACT. ASSURE ALL ATTENDANTS CONVENTION PARTICIPANTS CELEBRATION
LOVING REMEMBRANCE FERVENT PRAYERS SHRINES BAB 'ABDU'L-BAHA. CONFIDENT
UNQUENCHABLE SPIRIT ANIMATING WELL-TRIED STOUT-HEARTED FIRMLY KNIT
FOLLOWERS BAHA'U'LLAH BRITISH ISLES WILL ENABLE THEM SURMOUNT ALL
OBSTACLES SCALE NOBLER HEIGHTS ACHIEVE GREATER VICTORIES OPENING YEARS
SECOND BAHA'I CENTURY.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 23 May 1944
23 May 1944
ANNOUNCE FRIENDS JOYFUL TIDINGS HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY DECLARATION MISSION
MARTYRED HERALD FAITH SIGNALISED BY HISTORIC DECISION COMPLETE STRUCTURE
HIS SEPULCHRE ERECTED BY 'ABDU'L-BAHA ON SITE CHOSEN BY BAHA'U'LLAH.
RECENTLY DESIGNED MODEL DOME UNVEILED PRESENCE ASSEMBLED BELIEVERS.
PRAYING EARLY REMOVAL OBSTACLES CONSUMMATION STUPENDOUS PLAN CONCEIVED BY
FOUNDER FAITH AND HOPES CHERISHED BY CENTRE HIS COVENANT.
SHOGHI RABBANI
"THEIR FIRST COLLECTIVE ENTERPRISE"--THE SIX YEAR PLAN
1944-1950
Letter of 25 May 1944
25 May 1944(35)
WELCOME SPONTANEOUS DECISION ADVISE FORMATION NINETEEN SPIRITUAL
ASSEMBLIES SPREAD OVER ENGLAND WALES SCOTLAND NORTHERN IRELAND AND EIRE
PRAYING SIGNAL VICTORY.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 26 May 1944
26 May 1944
OVERJOYED SUCCESS CELEBRATIONS. PRAYING EVER INCREASING FLOW DIVINE
OUTPOURINGS.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 8 July 1944
8 July 1944
PREPARE CONDENSED REPORT NOT EXCEEDING THIRTY PAGES REGARDING ACTIVITIES
ACHIEVEMENTS BAHA'I FAITH DURING PAST FOUR YEARS. MAIL ONE COPY AMERICA
ANOTHER HAIFA PROMPT ACTION NECESSARY.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 11 August 1944
11 August 1944
APPRECIATE GREETINGS PRAYING BLESSINGS SUMMER SCHOOL AND TEACHING PLAN
LOVE.
SHOGHI RABBANI
Letter of 12 August 1944
12 August 1944
Dear Baha'i Sister,
Your letters dated March 3rd and 25th, April 23rd, May 18th and July 6th
together with their enclosures have all been received, and the beloved
Guardian has instructed me to answer them on his behalf.
He was most deeply gratified over the way the Centenary was conducted in
London and feels that it has adequately demonstrated the vitality of the
faith which animates the British Baha'i community. They may well look upon
this as their major achievement since the visits to their shores of the
beloved Master. He was also very pleased to hear of the celebrations
successfully held by the Manchester and Torquay Baha'is in their
respective communities.
"The Centenary of a World Faith" he found most excellently gotten out and
not only well written but calculated to arouse the interest of the reader
and impress him with the true stature of our World Faith. He has
distributed copies among the friends and placed some in the library of the
Mansion, at Bahji. He was also pleased with the programme of the London
Meetings--so you can see that the patient efforts and sacrifices of the
members of the N.S.A. and all those who contributed to the marked success
of the Centenary celebrations in England, have met not only with his
approval and admiration but brought happiness to his often heavily
over-burdened heart!
Regarding your question concerning minute No. 1050; this is entirely a
matter of conscience; if the individual feels for some reason justified in
voting for himself, he is free to do so. Regarding your question of the
proper time to celebrate or hold our meetings of commemoration, the time
should be fixed by counting after sunset; the Master passed away one hour
after midnight, which falls a certain number of hours after sunset; so His
passing should be commemorated according to the sun and regardless of
daylight saving time. The same applies to the ascension of Baha'u'llah who
passed away about 8 hours after sunset.