Australia

1.78 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Austria

1.39 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Azerbaijan

2.04 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Bahamas, The

2.1 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Bahrain

2.5 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Bangladesh

2.74 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Barbados

1.68 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Belarus

1.24 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Belgium

1.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Belize

3.36 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Benin

5.49 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Bermuda

1.99 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Bhutan

2.38 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Bolivia

3.17 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1.25 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Botswana

2.6 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Brazil

2.21 children born/woman (2009 est.)

British Virgin Islands

1.71 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Brunei

1.91 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Bulgaria

1.41 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Burkina Faso

6.28 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Burma

1.89 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Burundi

6.33 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Cambodia

3.04 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Cameroon

4.33 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Canada

1.58 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Cape Verde

3.07 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Cayman Islands

1.88 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Central African Republic

4.14 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Chad

5.31 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Chile

1.92 children born/woman (2009 est.)

China

1.79 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Christmas Island

NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

NA

Colombia

2.46 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Comoros

4.84 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

6.2 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Congo, Republic of the

5.84 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Cook Islands

2.49 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Costa Rica

2.14 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

4.12 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Croatia

1.42 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Cuba

1.61 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Cyprus

1.77 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Czech Republic

1.24 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Denmark

1.74 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Djibouti

5.06 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Dominica

2.09 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Dominican Republic

2.76 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Ecuador

2.51 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Egypt

2.66 children born/woman (2009 est.)

El Salvador

3 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Equatorial Guinea

5.08 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Eritrea

4.72 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Estonia

1.42 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Ethiopia

6.12 children born/woman (2009 est.)

European Union

1.51 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

NA

Faroe Islands

2.44 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Fiji

2.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Finland

1.73 children born/woman (2009 est.)

France

1.98 children born/woman (2009 est.)

French Polynesia

1.92 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Gabon

4.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Gambia, The

5.04 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Gaza Strip

5.03 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Georgia

1.44 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Germany

1.41 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Ghana

3.68 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Gibraltar

1.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Greece

1.37 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Greenland

2.19 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Grenada

2.23 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Guam

2.54 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Guatemala

3.47 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Guernsey

1.41 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Guinea

5.2 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Guinea-Bissau

4.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Guyana

2.03 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Haiti

3.81 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Honduras

3.27 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Hong Kong

1.02 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Hungary

1.35 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Iceland

1.9 children born/woman (2009 est.)

India

2.72 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Indonesia

2.31 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Iran

1.71 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Iraq

3.86 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Ireland

1.85 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Isle of Man

1.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Israel

2.75 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Italy

1.31 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Jamaica

2.25 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Japan

1.21 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Jersey

1.57 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Jordan

2.39 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Kazakhstan

1.88 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Kenya

4.56 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Kiribati

4.04 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Korea, North

1.96 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Korea, South

1.21 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Kuwait

2.76 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Kyrgyzstan

2.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Laos

4.41 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Latvia

1.3 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Lebanon

1.85 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Lesotho

3.06 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Liberia

5.79 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Libya

3.08 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Liechtenstein

1.52 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Lithuania

1.23 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Luxembourg

1.78 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Macau

0.91 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Macedonia

1.58 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Madagascar

5.14 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Malawi

5.59 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Malaysia

2.95 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Maldives

1.9 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Mali

7.29 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Malta

1.51 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Marshall Islands

3.59 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Mauritania

4.45 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Mauritius

1.81 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Mayotte

5.5 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Mexico

2.34 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of

2.89 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Moldova

1.27 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Monaco

1.75 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Mongolia

2.23 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Montserrat

1.23 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Morocco

2.51 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Mozambique

5.18 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Namibia

2.69 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Nauru

2.85 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Nepal

2.64 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Netherlands

1.66 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Netherlands Antilles

1.97 children born/woman (2009 est.)

New Caledonia

2.18 children born/woman (2009 est.)

New Zealand

2.1 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Nicaragua

2.57 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Niger

7.75 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Nigeria

4.91 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Niue

NA (2008 est.)

Norfolk Island

NA

Northern Mariana Islands

1.15 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Norway

1.78 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Oman

5.53 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Pakistan

3.6 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Palau

1.82 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Panama

2.53 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Papua New Guinea

3.62 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Paraguay

3.75 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Peru

2.37 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Philippines

3.27 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Pitcairn Islands

NA (2008 est.)

Poland

1.28 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Portugal

1.49 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Puerto Rico

1.71 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Qatar

2.45 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Romania

1.39 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Russia

1.41 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Rwanda

5.25 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Saint Helena

1.56 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

2.26 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Saint Lucia

1.84 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

1.97 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

1.98 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Samoa

4.16 children born/woman (2009 est.)

San Marino

1.36 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe

5.33 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Saudi Arabia

3.83 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Senegal

4.95 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Serbia

1.38 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Seychelles

1.93 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Sierra Leone

5.88 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Singapore

1.09 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Slovakia

1.35 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Slovenia

1.28 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Solomon Islands

3.52 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Somalia

6.52 children born/woman (2009 est.)

South Africa

2.38 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Spain

1.31 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Sri Lanka

1.99 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Sudan

4.48 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Suriname

1.99 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Svalbard

NA (2008 est.)

Swaziland

3.24 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Sweden

1.67 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Switzerland

1.45 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Syria

3.12 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Taiwan

1.14 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tajikistan

2.99 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tanzania

4.46 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Thailand

1.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Timor-Leste

3.28 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Togo

4.79 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tokelau

NA (2008 est.)

Tonga

2.25 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago

1.72 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tunisia

1.72 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Turkey

2.21 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Turkmenistan

2.22 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands

2.95 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tuvalu

2.91 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Uganda

6.77 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Ukraine

1.26 children born/woman (2009 est.)

United Arab Emirates

2.42 children born/woman (2009 est.)

United Kingdom

1.66 children born/woman (2009 est.)

United States

2.05 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Uruguay

1.92 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Uzbekistan

1.95 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Vanuatu

2.5 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Venezuela

2.48 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Vietnam

1.83 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Virgin Islands

1.85 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Wallis and Futuna

1.87 children born/woman (2009 est.)

West Bank

3.22 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Western Sahara

NA 5.61 children born/woman (2009 est.)

World

2.58 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Yemen

6.32 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Zambia

5.15 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Zimbabwe

3.69 children born/woman (2009 est.)

======================================================================

@2128

Field Listing :: Government type

This entry gives the basic form of government. Definitions of the

major governmental terms are as follows. (Note that for some

countries more than one definition applies.):

Absolute monarchy - a form of government where the monarch rules

unhindered, i.e., without any laws, constitution, or legally

organized opposition.

Anarchy - a condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought

about by the absence of governmental authority.

Authoritarian - a form of government in which state authority is

imposed onto many aspects of citizens' lives.

Commonwealth - a nation, state, or other political entity founded on

law and united by a compact of the people for the common good.

Communist - a system of government in which the state plans and

controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party

holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of

private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make

progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally

shared by the people (i.e., a classless society).

Confederacy (Confederation) - a union by compact or treaty between

states, provinces, or territories, that creates a central government

with limited powers; the constituent entities retain supreme

authority over all matters except those delegated to the central

government.

Constitutional - a government by or operating under an authoritative

document (constitution) that sets forth the system of fundamental

laws and principles that determines the nature, functions, and

limits of that government.

Constitutional democracy - a form of government in which the

sovereign power of the people is spelled out in a governing

constitution.

Constitutional monarchy - a system of government in which a monarch

is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and

responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom.

Democracy - a form of government in which the supreme power is

retained by the people, but which is usually exercised indirectly

through a system of representation and delegated authority

periodically renewed.

Democratic republic - a state in which the supreme power rests in

the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and

representatives responsible to them.

Dictatorship - a form of government in which a ruler or small clique

wield absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws).

Ecclesiastical - a government administrated by a church.

Emirate - similar to a monarchy or sultanate, but a government in

which the supreme power is in the hands of an emir (the ruler of a

Muslim state); the emir may be an absolute overlord or a sovereign

with constitutionally limited authority.

Federal (Federation) - a form of government in which sovereign power

is formally divided - usually by means of a constitution - between a

central authority and a number of constituent regions (states,

colonies, or provinces) so that each region retains some management

of its internal affairs; differs from a confederacy in that the

central government exerts influence directly upon both individuals

as well as upon the regional units.

Federal republic - a state in which the powers of the central

government are restricted and in which the component parts (states,

colonies, or provinces) retain a degree of self-government; ultimate

sovereign power rests with the voters who chose their governmental

representatives.

Islamic republic - a particular form of government adopted by some

Muslim states; although such a state is, in theory, a theocracy, it

remains a republic, but its laws are required to be compatible with

the laws of Islam.

Maoism - the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism developed in

China by Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), which states that a continuous

revolution is necessary if the leaders of a communist state are to

keep in touch with the people.

Marxism - the political, economic, and social principles espoused by

19th century economist Karl Marx; he viewed the struggle of workers

as a progression of historical forces that would proceed from a

class struggle of the proletariat (workers) exploited by capitalists

(business owners), to a socialist "dictatorship of the proletariat,"

to, finally, a classless society - Communism.

Marxism-Leninism - an expanded form of communism developed by Lenin

from doctrines of Karl Marx; Lenin saw imperialism as the final

stage of capitalism and shifted the focus of workers' struggle from

developed to underdeveloped countries.

Monarchy - a government in which the supreme power is lodged in the

hands of a monarch who reigns over a state or territory, usually for

life and by hereditary right; the monarch may be either a sole

absolute ruler or a sovereign - such as a king, queen, or prince -

with constitutionally limited authority.

Oligarchy - a government in which control is exercised by a small

group of individuals whose authority generally is based on wealth or

power.

Parliamentary democracy - a political system in which the

legislature (parliament) selects the government - a prime minister,

premier, or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers - according

to party strength as expressed in elections; by this system, the

government acquires a dual responsibility: to the people as well as

to the parliament.

Parliamentary government (Cabinet-Parliamentary government) - a

government in which members of an executive branch (the cabinet and

its leader - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor) are nominated

to their positions by a legislature or parliament, and are directly

responsible to it; this type of government can be dissolved at will

by the parliament (legislature) by means of a no confidence vote or

the leader of the cabinet may dissolve the parliament if it can no

longer function.

Parliamentary monarchy - a state headed by a monarch who is not

actively involved in policy formation or implementation (i.e., the

exercise of sovereign powers by a monarch in a ceremonial capacity);

true governmental leadership is carried out by a cabinet and its

head - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor - who are drawn from

a legislature (parliament).

Presidential - a system of government where the executive branch

exists separately from a legislature (to which it is generally not

accountable).

Republic - a representative democracy in which the people's elected

deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on

legislation.

Socialism - a government in which the means of planning, producing,

and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that

theoretically seeks a more just and equitable distribution of

property and labor; in actuality, most socialist governments have

ended up being no more than dictatorships over workers by a ruling

elite.

Sultanate - similar to a monarchy, but a government in which the

supreme power is in the hands of a sultan (the head of a Muslim

state); the sultan may be an absolute ruler or a sovereign with

constitutionally limited authority.

Theocracy - a form of government in which a Deity is recognized as

the supreme civil ruler, but the Deity's laws are interpreted by

ecclesiastical authorities (bishops, mullahs, etc.); a government

subject to religious authority.

Totalitarian - a government that seeks to subordinate the individual

to the state by controlling not only all political and economic

matters, but also the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its

population.

Country

Government type

Afghanistan

Islamic republic

Albania

emerging democracy

Algeria

republic

American Samoa

NA

Andorra

parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as

its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the

president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are

represented locally by coprinces' representatives

Angola

republic; multiparty presidential regime

Anguilla

NA

Antarctica

Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed

on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961,

establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica;

the 32nd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in

Baltimore, MD, USA in April 2009; at these periodic meetings,

decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative

member nations; by May 2009, there were 47 treaty member nations: 28

consultative and 19 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making)

members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica

as national territory (some claims overlap) and 21 non-claimant

nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims;

the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is

administered through meetings of the consultative member nations;

decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member

nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in

accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses

indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and

when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date

indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory;

claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ,

Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium,

Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998) China (1983/1985), Ecuador

(1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India

(1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989),

Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977),

Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine

(1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative

members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria

(1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984),

Czech Republic (1962/1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece

(1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Monaco

(2008), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia

(1962/1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela

(1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and

separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993; Article 1 -

area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such

as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and

equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful

purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and

cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information

and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international

agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish

territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the

treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or

disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the

treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south

and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers

have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may

inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice

of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel

must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers

and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent

consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 -

treaty states will discourage activities by any country in

Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to

be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by

the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting,

and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements -

some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and

ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and

Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental

Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972);

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

(1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains

unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the

Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14

January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the

Antarctic environment through six specific annexes: 1) environmental

impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3)

waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine

pollution, 5) area protection and management and 6) liability

arising from environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities

relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a

permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Antigua and Barbuda

constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary

system of government and a Commonwealth realm

Argentina

republic

Armenia

republic

Aruba

parliamentary democracy

Australia

federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Austria

federal republic

Azerbaijan

republic