Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more
than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and
politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo
(Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Niue
Niuen 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%,
Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3% (2001 census)
Norfolk Island
descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New
Zealander, Polynesian
Northern Mariana Islands
Asian 56.3%, Pacific islander 36.3%,
Caucasian 1.8%, other 0.8%, mixed 4.8% (2000 census)
Norway
Norwegian 94.4% (includes Sami, about 60,000), other European
3.6%, other 2% (2007 estimate)
Oman
Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan,
Bangladeshi), African
Pakistan
Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%,
Sariaki 8.38%, Muhagirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28%
Palau
Palauan (Micronesian with Malayan and Melanesian admixtures)
69.9%, Filipino 15.3%, Chinese 4.9%, other Asian 2.4%, white 1.9%,
Carolinian 1.4%, other Micronesian 1.1%, other or unspecified 3.2%
(2000 census)
Panama
mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian and
mixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6%
Papua New Guinea
Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
Paraguay
mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%
Peru
Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white
15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Philippines
Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%,
Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%,
other 25.3% (2000 census)
Pitcairn Islands
descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their
Tahitian wives
Poland
Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belarusian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%,
other and unspecified 2.7% (2002 census)
Portugal
homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African
descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less
than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Puerto Rico
white (mostly Spanish origin) 76.2%, black 6.9%, Asian
0.3%, Amerindian 0.2%, mixed 4.4%, other 12% (2007)
Qatar
Arab 40%, Indian 18%, Pakistani 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Romania
Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%,
German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census)
Russia
Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%,
Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census)
Rwanda
Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%
Saint Barthelemy
white, Creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo
(French-East Asia)
Saint Helena
African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Saint Kitts and Nevis
predominantly black; some British, Portuguese,
and Lebanese
Saint Lucia
black 82.5%, mixed 11.9%, East Indian 2.4%, other or
unspecified 3.1% (2001 census)
Saint Martin
creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo
(French-East Asia), white, East Indian
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
black 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian
6%, European 4%, Carib Amerindian 2%, other 3%
Samoa
Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian
blood) 7%, Europeans 0.4% (2001 census)
San Marino
Sammarinese, Italian
Sao Tome and Principe
mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan
slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract
laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children
of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Saudi Arabia
Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
Senegal
Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka
3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Serbia
Serb 82.9%, Hungarian 3.9%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.4%, Yugoslavs
1.1%, Bosniaks 1.8%, Montenegrin 0.9%, other 8% (2002 census)
Seychelles
mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab
Sierra Leone
20 African ethnic groups 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%,
other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves
who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century),
refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of
Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Singapore
Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000
census)
Slovakia
Slovak 85.8%, Hungarian 9.7%, Roma 1.7%,
Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Slovenia
Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or
unspecified 12% (2002 census)
Solomon Islands
Melanesian 94.5%, Polynesian 3%, Micronesian 1.2%,
other 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (1999 census)
Somalia
Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs
30,000)
South Africa
black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%,
Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)
Spain
composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Sri Lanka
Sinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%,
Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001 census
provisional data)
Sudan
black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
Suriname
Hindustani (also known locally as "East Indians"; their
ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the
19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed white and black) 31%, Javanese 15%,
"Maroons" (their African ancestors were brought to the country in
the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior)
10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2%
Svalbard
Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3%
(1998)
Swaziland
African 97%, European 3%
Sweden
indigenous population: Swedes with Finnish and Sami
minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns,
Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Switzerland
German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other
6%
Syria
Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%
Taiwan
Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%,
indigenous 2%
Tajikistan
Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%,
other 2.6% (2000 census)
Tanzania
mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting
of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European,
and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African
Thailand
Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
Timor-Leste
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese
minority
Togo
African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina,
and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Tokelau
Polynesian
Tonga
Polynesian, Europeans
Trinidad and Tobago
Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed
20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000 census)
Tunisia
Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Turkey
Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 18%, other minorities 7-12% (2008
est.)
Turkmenistan
Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)
Turks and Caicos Islands
black 90%, mixed, European, or North
American 10%
Tuvalu
Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
Uganda
Baganda 16.9%, Banyakole 9.5%, Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%,
Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%,
Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census)
Ukraine
Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan
0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian
0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 census)
United Arab Emirates
Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South
Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians)
8% (1982)
note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
United Kingdom
white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh
4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani
1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
United States
white 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian
and Alaska native 0.97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander
0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate)
note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US
Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of
Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban,
Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South
American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic
group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total US
population is Hispanic
Uruguay
white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian (practically
nonexistent)
Uzbekistan
Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak
2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
Vanuatu
Ni-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999 Census)
Venezuela
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African,
indigenous people
Vietnam
Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome
1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999 census)
Virgin Islands
black 76.2%, white 13.1%, Asian 1.1%, other 6.1%,
mixed 3.5% (2000 census)
Wallis and Futuna
Polynesian
West Bank
Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%
Western Sahara
Arab, Berber
Yemen
predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans
Zambia
African 99.5% (includes Bemba, Tonga, Chewa, Lozi, Nsenga,
Tumbuka, Ngoni, Lala, Kaonde, Lunda, and other African groups),
other 0.5% (includes Europeans, Asians, and Americans) (2000 Census)
Zimbabwe
African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and
Asian 1%, white less than 1%
======================================================================
@2076
Field Listing :: Exchange rates
This entry provides the official value of a country's monetary unit
at a given date or over a given period of time, as expressed in
units of local currency per US dollar and as determined by
international market forces or official fiat. The International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4217 alphabetic currency code
for the national medium of exchange is presented in parenthesis.
Country
Exchange rates
Afghanistan
afghanis (AFA) per US dollar - 50 (2007), 46 (2006),
47.7 (2005), 48 (2004), 49 (2003)
Akrotiri
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827
note: on 1 January 2008 Akrotiri and Dhekelia adopted the euro along
with the rest of Cyprus
Albania
leke (ALL) per US dollar - 79.546 (2008 est.), 92.668
(2007), 98.384 (2006), 102.649 (2005), 102.78 (2004)
Algeria
Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar - 63.25 (2008 est.),
69.9 (2007), 72.647 (2006), 73.276 (2005), 72.061 (2004)
American Samoa
the US dollar is used
Andorra
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7306
(2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
Angola
kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 75.023 (2008 est.), 76.6 (2007),
80.4 (2006), 88.6 (2005), 83.541 (2004)
Anguilla
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007),
2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
note: fixed rate since 1976
Antigua and Barbuda
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7
(2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
note: fixed rate since 1976
Argentina
Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar - 3.1636 (2008 est.),
3.1105 (2007), 3.0543 (2006), 2.9037 (2005), 2.9233 (2004)
Armenia
drams (AMD) per US dollar - 303.93 (2008 est.), 344.06
(2007), 414.69 (2006), 457.69 (2005), 533.45 (2004)
Aruba
Aruban guilders/florins (AWG) per US dollar - NA (2007), 1.79
(2006), 1.79 (2005), 1.79 (2004), 1.79 (2003)
Australia
Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - 1.2059 (2008
est.), 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004)
Austria
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345
(2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar - 0.8219 (2008
est.), 0.8581 (2007), 0.8934 (2006), 4,727.1 (2005), 4,913.48 (2004)
note: on 1 January 2006 Azerbaijan revalued its currency, with 5,000
old manats equal to 1 new manat
Bahamas, The
Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar - 1 (2008 est.), 1
(2007), 1 (2006), 1 (2005), 1 (2004)
Bahrain
Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar - 0.376 (2008 est.),
0.376 (2007), 0.376 (2006), 0.376 (2005), 0.376 (2004)
Bangladesh
taka (BDT) per US dollar - 68.554 (2008 est.), 69.893
(2007), 69.031 (2006), 64.328 (2005), 59.513 (2004)
Barbados
Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar - NA (2007), 2
(2006), 2 (2005), 2 (2004), 2 (2003)
Belarus
Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar - 2,130 (2008
est.), 2,145 (2007), 2,144.6 (2006), 2,150 (2005), 2,160.26 (2004)
Belgium
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007),
0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
Belize
Belizean dollars (BZD) per US dollar - 2 (2008), 2 (2007), 2
(2006), 2 (2005), 2 (2004)
Benin
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
447.81 (2008 est.), 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005),
528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the West African CFA franc (XOF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
West African CFA franc (XOF) coins and banknotes are not accepted in
countries using Central African CFA francs (XAF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Bermuda
Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate
pegged to the US dollar)
Bhutan
ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar - 41.487 (2007), 45.279 (2006),
44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003)
note: the ngultrum is pegged to the Indian rupee
Bolivia
bolivianos (BOB) per US dollar - 7.253 (2008 est.), 7.8616
(2007), 8.0159 (2006), 8.0661 (2005), 7.9363 (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar -
1.3083 (2008 est.), 1.4419 (2007), 1.5576 (2006), 1.5727 (2005),
1.5752 (2004)
note: the convertible mark is pegged to the euro
Botswana
pulas (BWP) per US dollar - 6.7907 (2008 est.), 6.2035
(2007), 5.8447 (2006), 5.1104 (2005), 4.6929 (2004)
Brazil
reals (BRL) per US dollar - 1.8644 (2008 est.), 1.85 (2007
est.), 2.1761 (2006), 2.4344 (2005), 2.9251 (2004)
British Indian Ocean Territory
the US dollar is used
British Virgin Islands
the US dollar is used
Brunei
Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar - NA (2007), 1.5886
(2006), 1.6644 (2005), 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003)
Bulgaria
leva (BGN) per US dollar - 1.3171 (2008 est.), 1.4366
(2007), 1.5576 (2006), 1.5741 (2005), 1.5751 (2004)
Burkina Faso
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US
dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47
(2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the West African CFA franc (XOF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
West African CFA franc (XOF) coins and banknotes are not accepted in
countries using Central African CFA francs (XAF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Burma
kyats (MMK) per US dollar - 1,205 (2008 est.), 1,296 (2007),
1,280 (2006), 5.761 (2005), 5.7459 (2004)
note: unofficial exchange rates ranged in 2004 from 815 kyat/US
dollar to nearly 970 kyat/US dollar, and by yearend 2005, the
unofficial exchange rate was 1,075 kyat/US dollar; data shown for
2003-05 are official exchange rates
Burundi
Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - 1,198 (2008 est.),
1,065 (2007), 1,030 (2006), 1,138 (2005), 1,100.91 (2004)
Cambodia
riels (KHR) per US dollar - 4,070.94 (2008 est.), 4,006
(2007), 4,103 (2006), 4,092.5 (2005), 4,016.25 (2004)
Cameroon
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per
US dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47
(2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the Central African CFA franc (XAF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
Central African CFA franc (XAF) coins and banknotes are not accepted
in countries using West African CFA francs (XOF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Canada
Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar - 1.0364 (2008 est.),
1.0724 (2007), 1.1334 (2006), 1.2118 (2005), 1.301 (2004)
Cape Verde
Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - 73.84 (2008
est.), 81.235 (2007), 87.946 (2006), 88.67 (2005), 88.808 (2004)
Cayman Islands
Caymanian dollars (KYD) per US dollar - NA (2007),
0.8496 (2006)
Central African Republic
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale
francs (XAF) per US dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 481.8 (2007),
522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the Central African CFA franc (XAF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
Central African CFA franc (XAF) coins and banknotes are not accepted
in countries using West African CFA francs (XOF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Chad
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US
dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 480.1 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47
(2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the Central African CFA franc (XAF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
Central African CFA franc (XAF) coins and banknotes are not accepted
in countries using West African CFA francs (XOF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Chile
Chilean pesos (CLP) per US dollar - 509.02 (2008 est.), 526.25
(2007), 530.29 (2006), 560.09 (2005), 609.37 (2004)
China
Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar - 6.9385 (2008 est.), 7.61
(2007), 7.97 (2006), 8.1943 (2005), 8.2768 (2004)
Christmas Island
Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - 1.2059
(2008 est.), 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598
(2004)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -
1.2059 (2008 est.), 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005),
1.3598 (2004)
Colombia
Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar - 2,243.6 (2008),
2,013.8 (2007), 2,358.6 (2006), 2,320.75 (2005), 2,628.61 (2004)
Comoros
Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar - 361.4 (2007), 391.8
(2006), 395.6 (2005), 396.21 (2004), 435.9 (2003)
note: the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677
Comoran francs per euro
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congolese francs (CDF) per US
dollar - NA (2007), 464.69 (2006), 437.86 (2005), 401.04 (2004),
405.34 (2003)
Congo, Republic of the
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale
francs (XAF) per US dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 483.6 (2007),
522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the Central African CFA franc (XAF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
Central African CFA franc (XAF) coins and banknotes are not accepted
in countries using West African CFA francs (XOF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Cook Islands
NZ dollars (NZD) per US dollar - 1.4151 (2008 est.),
1.3811 (2007), 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004)
Costa Rica
Costa Rican colones (CRC) per US dollar - 530.41 (2008
est.), 519.53 (2007), 511.3 (2006), 477.79 (2005), 437.91 (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US
dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 481.83 (2007), 522.89 (2006), 527.47
(2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the West African CFA franc (XOF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
West African CFA franc (XOF) coins and banknotes are not accepted in
countries using Central African CFA francs (XAF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Croatia
kuna (HRK) per US dollar - 4.98 (2008 est.), 5.3735 (2007),
5.8625 (2006), 5.9473 (2005), 6.0358 (2004)
Cuba
Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar - 0.9259 (2008 est.), 0.9259
(2007), 0.9231 (2006)
note: Cuba has two currencies in circulation: the Cuban peso (CUP)
and the convertible peso (CUC); in April 2005 the official exchange
rate changed from $1 per CUC to $1.08 per CUC (0.93 CUC per $1) both
for individuals and enterprises; individuals can buy 24 Cuban pesos
(CUP) for each CUC sold or sell 25 Cuban pesos for each CUC bought;
enterprises, however, must exchange CUP and CUC at a 1:1 ratio.
Cyprus
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), Cypriot
pounds (CYP) per US dollar - 0.4286 (2007), 0.4586 (2006), 0.4641
(2005), 0.4686 (2004)
Czech Republic
koruny (CZK) per US dollar - 17.064 (2008), 20.53
(2007), 22.596 (2006), 23.957 (2005), 25.7 (2004)
Denmark
Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - 5.0236 (2008 est.),
5.4797 (2007), 5.9468 (2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004)
Dhekelia
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008)
note: on 1 January 2008, Dhekelia and Akrotiri adopted the euro
along with the rest of Cyprus
Djibouti
Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar - 177.71 (2007),
174.75 (2006), 177.72 (2005), 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003)
Dominica
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007),
2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
Dominican Republic
Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar - 34.775
(2008 est.), 33.113 (2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12
(2004)
Ecuador
the US dollar is used; the sucre was eliminated in 2000
Egypt
Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar - 5.4 (2008 est.), 5.67
(2007), 5.725 (2006), 5.78 (2005), 6.1962 (2004)
El Salvador
the US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001
Equatorial Guinea
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs
(XAF) per US dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 481.83 (2007), 522.4
(2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the Central African CFA franc (XAF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
Central African CFA franc (XAF) coins and banknotes are not accepted
in countries using West African CFA francs (XOF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Eritrea
nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 15.38 (2008 est.), 15.5 (2007),
15.4 (2006), 14.5 (2005), 13.788 (2004)
note: the official exchange rate is 15 nakfa to the dollar
Estonia
krooni (EEK) per US dollar - 10.7 (2008), 11.535 (2007),
12.473 (2006), 12.584 (2005), 12.596 (2004)
note: the krooni is pegged to the euro
Ethiopia
birr (ETB) per US dollar - 9.57 (2008 est.), 8.96 (2007),
8.69 (2006), 8.68 (2005), 8.6356 (2004)
note: since 24 October 2001, exchange rates are determined on a
daily basis via interbank transactions regulated by the Central Bank
European Union
euros per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345
(2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Falkland pounds (FKP) per US
dollar - 0.5302 (2008), 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418 (2006), 0.5493 (2005),
0.5462 (2004)
note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Faroe Islands
Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - 5.0236 (2008
est.), 5.4797 (2007), 5.9468 (2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004)
Fiji
Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar - NA (2007), 1.7313 (2006),
1.691 (2005), 1.7331 (2004), 1.8958 (2003)
Finland
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345
(2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
France
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345
(2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
French Polynesia
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US
dollar - 87.59 (2007), 94.97 (2006), 95.89 (2005), 96.04 (2004),
105.66 (2003)
note: pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Gabon
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US
dollar - 447.81 (2008 est.), 481.83 (2007), 522.89 (2006), 527.47
(2005), 528.29 (2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the Central African CFA franc (XAF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
Central African CFA franc (XAF) coins and banknotes are not accepted
in countries using West African CFA francs (XOF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Gambia, The
dalasis (GMD) per US dollar - 22.75 (2008 est.), 27.79
(2007), 28.066 (2006), 28.575 (2005), 30.03 (2004)
Gaza Strip
new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - 3.56 (2008
est.), 4.14 (2007), 4.4565 (2006), 4.4877 (2005), 4.482 (2004)
Georgia
laris (GEL) per US dollar - 1.47 (2008 est.), 1.7 (2007),
1.78 (2006), 1.8127 (2005), 1.9167 (2004)
Germany
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345
(2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
Ghana
cedis (GHC) per US dollar - 1.1 (2008 est.), 0.95 (2007),
9,174.8 (2006), 9,072.5 (2005), 9,004.6 (2004)
note: in 2007 Ghana revalued its currency with 10,000 old cedis
equal to 1 new cedis