The orchestra an aggregation of instruments that should play as
one--Wagner's employment of orchestral groups illustrated by
the Love motive in "Die Walkuere" and the Walhalla
motive--Division of the orchestra--The violin--Its varied
capacity--The musical stage whisper of a hundred violins--The
violins in the "Lohengrin" prelude--Modern orchestral
virtuosity--The sordine and its use--A pizzicato movement by
Tschaikowski--The viola, violoncello and double bass--Dividing
the string band--Examples from the scores of Wagner--Anecdote
regarding the harp in "Rheingold"--The woodwind--The
flute--The oboe in Schubert's C major symphony--The English
horn in "Tristan"--Beethoven's use of the bassoon in the
Fifth and Ninth symphonies--The clarinets in "Tannhaeuser,"
"Lohengrin," and "Goetterdaemmerung"--Brass instruments and
various illustrations of their employment--The trumpet in
"Fidelio" and "Carmen"--The trombone group in "The Ring of
the Nibelung"--The trombones in "The Magic Flute," in
Schubert's C major symphony, and in the introduction to the
third act of "Lohengrin"--The tubas in the Funeral March in
"Goetterdaemmerung"--Richard Strauss's apotheosis of the horn,
and its importance in the Wagner scores--Tympani and
cymbals--Mozart's G minor symphony on twenty-two
clarinets--Richard Strauss, on the future development of the
orchestra 179