OF

_Nahuatl and Provincial, Unusual or Antiquated Spanish Words_.

A

Apupujado, Sp. Worn out, played out.

Arra! "Get up! Get along!" A cry of the muleteers to their

animals.

Asa--. The various words beginning thus are compounds

commencing with the Nah. _aço_, which expresses a doubt,

or implies a question, == perhaps, maybe. Olmos says:

"Quiere decir _por ventura_, respondiendo ô

dudando."--_Gram. Nahuatl_, p. 179.

Asama--. This prefix to various words is the Nah. _açoma_,

which is a strengthened form of _aço_.--Carochi, _Gram.

Mex._, p. 181. The syllable _ma_ is also the sign of the

imperative.

Asamaquimate, Nah. A compound of _açamo_, as above, and

_mati_, to know. The _qui_ is the objective pronoun of

the third singular, him, her, it, that; but its

employment in this connection is incorrect.

Asamatimaguas, _or_ --timagas, Nah. Probably from _açoma_

(see above), and either _temachtico_, to come to teach,

or tell; or _temaca_, to give something to a person.

Asanecaneme, _see_ Asaneganeme.

Asanegaguala, _see_ Asanegualigua.

Asaneganeme, Nah. Probably _aço ni ca nemactia_, the last

word meaning to give or offer something to another,

"perhaps I may offer something," == "May I offer you

some?"

Asanegualigua, Nah. Probably _aço_ and _necuilhuia_, to

deal, bargain, treat for.

Asanese, Nah. p. 42. A compound of _aço_ and some unknown

word. Probably == _asones_, q.v.

Asetato, Sp. ant. and prov. for _sientate_, sit down.

Asiguala, Nah. From _aço_ and perhaps _qualani_, to grow

angry (?).

Asones, Nah. From _aço_, and probably _nechca_ or _nepa_,

adverbs of place and time, "these," "then," "once,"

"formerly." Sometimes it is written _à sones_, and

_asonesepa_.

Asuyungua, Nah. Compound of _aço_ and _noyuhqui_, thus, in

this manner (? Cf. Carochi, _Gram. Mex._ p. 190).

Ayugama, Nah. == _ayoccampa_, nowhere, not at all, never.

Azetagago, Nah. Apparently a corrupt form from _acicacaqui_,

to understand.

B

Batuchito, Sp. prov. A small box, in which money, etc., is

kept.

C

Cabildo, Sp. A chapter; a council. In Central America, the

municipal court. See p. 76.

Cabriolé, Sp. A kind of riding coat; "a narrow riding coat

without sleeves." (Delpino, _Span. Dict._)

Campaneme, ?. p. 28. Probably for _campamento_.

Cana, Nah. A particle, expressing doubt, "any time,"

"anywhere." _Cuix cana otimoyolcuiti_, Have you

confessed anywhere? It cannot begin a sentence, but must

always follow some other word (Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p.

158).

Cele, Sp. prov. A form of _zelar_, to be zealous for, to be

anxious for; _no me cele_, I do not very strongly

desire; used ironically.

Chiguigua, Nah. Perhaps _ti calaquia_, you will enter in.

Chiquimate, Nah. From _mati_, to know, _qui_, objective.

Chopaquimate, Nah. _Quimati_, see above. _Chopa_ and _chi_

seem to be personal forms.

Chocola, Nah. _Chocolatl_, a drink made from cacao. It has

been doubted whether there was a Nahuatl word in this

form. Don Jesus Sanchez denies it in his _Glosario de

Voces Castellanas derivadas del Idioma Nahuatl_, sub

voce (Mexico, 1883). But its pure Nahuatl origin seems

to be established by another writer (_An. del Museo

Nacional de Mexico_, Tom. iii, p. 86). From the text,

its meaning was in a wider sense a refection in general,

just as the English word "tea" means a meal.

Cinchera, Sp. The portion of the body of a horse or mule

where the saddle girth is fastened.

Cobijones, Sp. Large leather coverings to protect goods,

etc.

Cojudo, Sp. Not castrated. Applied to the entire horse, etc.

Columbrar, Sp. To descry, to discern at a distance. "Lo que

veo y columbro, respondió Sancho," etc.--Don Quixote,

Pt. I, cap. xxi.

Congon, Nah. p. 24. Perhaps _conetontli_, a boy, or young

person.

Consentidor, Sp. A conniver, procurer, pimp.

Corcobios, Sp. Curvetings, gambolings. Applied to the steps

in certain dances.

Corridos, Sp. Running steps, or motions, in certain dances.

Cuascuane, Nah. From _cuicani_, to sing, chant.

D

Desmonte, Sp. A clearing; the refuse from a clearing, or

from a mine. See note, page 80.

E

Eguan, Nah. A form of _ihuan_, and, as well as.

Escataci, p. 28 (?).

G

Galagua, Nah., _calaquia_, to enter, to come into.

Ganzo, Sp. prov. a goose; a fool; also a glutton.

Garrobo. A large species of tree lizard; the male of the

iguana (Berendt, _Lengua Castellana de Nicaragua_, MSS).

Guajaqueño, Nah. From _quauhuaqui_, to appear thin and dry,

like a stick.

Guancos, Sp. prov. for _guanacos_, foolish, silly persons.

Güil, Sp. prov. Probably for _que es el_, or _quel_, who is

the, or which?

Guipil, Nah. A form of _gueipil_, or _huipilli_. The short

skirt, without sleeves, used by the Indian women. "Camisa

de algodon sin mangas."--Jesus Sanchez, _Glosario de Voces

Castellanas derivadas del Náhuatl_, s.v.

Guiso, _see_ Tomaguiso.

L

Lichua, Nah. Probably an abbreviated form from _tla

achiua_, to do, or make something; _lichua obedecer_,

to make to obey.

Linar, Sp. prov. To please, amuse, == _consolar_, for which

it is used in some districts. (Berendt.)

M

Machete, Sp. prov. A heavy knife, or sort of cutlass (a

Biscayan word). See page 81.

Macho, Sp. A male of any animal, especially of a mule; used

generally for mule in the Güegüence.

Macho-raton, Sp. Literally, "the male mouse," but in

Nicaragua applied to a fantastic costume, and hence to

the play, or _baile_, in which it is worn. See page

xlvii. It may also mean a mouse-colored jack.

Maneca, Nah. From _mana_, to make maize cakes, or tortillas;

_manacan_, one who likes to make such (cf. Carochi,

_Gram. Mex._, p. 136).

Maneta, Nah. Probably the imperative form of _nextia_ (_mâ

xi nextia_), to show, to disclose or inform.

Mascamayagua. Nah. A compound of _maxca_ (== _mo, axca_)

thine, it is thine (literally, thy thing), and

_mayacuele_, the optative particle, or else _ma ayc

caui_, thine always. It is evidently equivalent to

"yours to command," "at your service," etc.

Matamagueso, _see_ Tumaguiso.

Matateco, Nah. Slightly altered form of _matataca_, to beg,

to pray, possibly by the addition of the Spanish

personal pronoun, I, "yo."

Mayagua, _or_ Mayague, Nah. Apparently the sign of the

optative, _mayacuele_, and expressive of a wish;

_yecuel_, in Nah., also conveys the idea of promptness

and earliness (Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p. 175).

Melague, _or_ Melagua, Nah. A form of _melaua_, to say

clearly, to speak openly. The termination _que_, in

Nah., marks the plural of certain nouns and tenses.

Miscuales, Nah. From _miequilia_, to prosper, augment,

increase.

Mispiales, Nah. From _miecpialia_, to watch over, guard,

protect. In both the above words, the prefix is _miec_,

much, used as an intensive particle.

Mo, Nah. Second person, sing., of the inseparable possessive

pronoun, _no_, my, _mo_, thy, _y_, his, _to_, our,

_amo_, your, _yn_, their. _Mo_ is also the reflexive

pronoun of the third person singular, and appears to be

occasionally used in the Güegüence as the possessive of

the third person, probably from analogy with the Spanish

_su_.

Mocegua, _or_ Mosegua, Nah. Apparently from _mocenchiua_, to

unite in doing something. The _n_ is euphonic, the

composition being _ce_, one, and _achiua_, to do.

Mohino, Sp. Applied to a mule proceeding from a stud and a

jenny; also, peevish, cross.

Mollule, _or_ Muyule, Nah. Apparently from _molotl_, smart,

clever, crafty; itself a derivative from _yollo_, able,

ingenious, talented.

Monistilco, Nah. Apparently from _monetli_, son-in-law, with

the postposition _co_, for, by, etc.

Mosamonte, Nah. _mocemati_, presumptuously, too boldly.

Motales, _or_ Motalce, Nah. Derivatives, apparently, from

_motlaloa_, to run, to carry messages, with the

signification messengers.

Motel, Nah. p. 38. An interrogative negative particle,

properly _monel_.

Moto, Sp. prov. Noisy, rowdyish; a noisy, blustering person.

"El muchacho mal criado que motea." (Berendt, _La Lengua

Castellana de Nicaragua_, MSS.)

Muchintes, The Sp. _mucho_, much, with the Nah. augmentative

termination _tzin_, == very much, very extensive. Or

else, the pure Nah. _muchintin_, all, plural of

_muchi_.--Olmos, _Gram. Nahuatl_, p. 48.

Mudanzas, Sp. prov. The motions in a dance.

Muyule, _see_ Mollule.

N

Necana, Nah. From _nequanaliztli_, dancing motions, as are

used in _bailes_.

Neganeme, _see_ Asaniganeme.

Negua, Nah. If a separate word, this is probably from

_neci_, to disclose oneself, to show oneself; it is,

however, a doubtful expression.

Negualigua, Nah. From _necuilhuia_, to bargain, to deal for.

Neme, Nah. From _nemi_, to live, to be (Sp. _estar_), to

dwell.

Nemo, _see_ Niqui.

Niqui, Nah. Found in the construction _nemo niqui_, which

should probably read _ni monequi_, it is proper for me,

becoming or necessary. Sp. _me conviene_.

Nistipampa, Nah. The postposition _pampa_, _ixtli_, the

face, and the first possessive pronoun _no_. The

compound means "I, present," or "in my presence."

Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p. 45.

No, Nah. First person, singular, of the inseparable

possessive pronoun. See _mo_. It is also used for the

Spanish negative, _no_, not, throughout the play.

Ñonguan, page 28. An unknown word which, from its initial

nasal, has the appearance of being from the Mangue

tongue, in which this sound is very common.

O

Opa, Nah., _oppa_, twice.

P

Pachaca, Nah. A derivative from _pachiui_, to stuff with

food, to satisfy the appetite, etc. The verbal nouns

ending in _ca_ or _can_ usually signify place where,

but this is to be considered a verbal adjective, from

the pluperfect _pachiuhca_.

Pachigue, _or_ Pachiguete, Nah. From _pachiuitia_, to

satisfy a person. The frequent expression, _pachigue no

pachiguete_, should probably be punctuated _pachigue_?

_No pachigutee_, == Satisfied? No, you do not satisfy

me.

Paguala, p. 36, Nah. A truncated word. Compare _a sones

sepaguala_, p. 34, and _a sonesepa negualigua_, p. 28.

Palegue, _see_ Panegue.

Palparesia, Nah. From _papal_, or _papallotl_, talk,

conversation. Sp. _parleria_. No doubt an onomatopoietic

word, like the English babble, Hebrew, Babel, which it

resembles, both in pronunciation and meaning.

Paltechua, Nah. From _paleuhqui_, favorable, advantageous or

appropriate things. See page 76.

Paneguia, _or_ Panegue, _or_ Palegue, Nah. From _panauia_,

to get the better of another, to overcome, conquer. The

termination, _gue_, or _guia_, in this and other verbal

forms, is one of past time in the Nahuatl. See Carochi,

_Gram. Mex._, p. 54.

Peinador, p. 70. Perhaps the Spanish word so spelled, which

means a hairdresser, and hence an effeminate person. But

it may be a Spanish form from the Nah. _pinauhtia_, to

put another to the blush, or out of countenance, the

compulsive form of _pinaua_, to be ashamed.

Perico ligero, Sp. prov. In Nicaragua, the night-monkey,

_Cercoleptes caudivolvulus_, which has sharp claws. It

is elsewhere applied to a species of parrot, and to the

bee bear, _Myrmecophaga_, (Berendt, _Lengua Castellana

de Nicaragua_, MSS).

Petaca, Nah. From _petlacalli_, a box, trunk or chest;

especially a square basket, with a lid; "cajon

quadrangular con tapa, hecho de palma" (Berendt, _id_).

Petate, Nah., _petlatli_, the native rug or mat, woven of

palm leaves or rushes.

Pilse, Nah., _piltzin_, son, vocative, _piltze_. See page

75.

Polluse, _or_ Poyuse, Nah. Apparently a form of poa, to

tell, relate, give an account, preterit, _pouh_,

_pouhca_.

Q

Qui, Sp., who; also at times for Sp. _aqui_, here.

Quichuas, Nah. Probably a derivative from _achiua_, to do or

make. Compare _Lichua_.

Quilis, Nah., _qualli_, good, well.

Quinimente, Nah., _quin_, he, those, _aquin_, who. It would

seem to be a demonstrative form, but its analysis is

obscure.

Quinquimagua, Nah. A compound of _macua_, to give, to

concede, with the pronouns _quin_ or _aquin_.

R

Rebiatar, Sp. prov. To tie behind, as the muleteers tie one

mule in the line to the mule in front of it.

Recua, Sp. prov. A team, or line, of mules.

Remates, Sp. prov. The finishing steps, or closing figures

of a dance.

Riñonada. The hinder portion of a horse or mule, over which

passes one of the harness straps.

Rujeros, Sp. prov. for _rugidos_, bellowings or shoutings.

The name of a tune.

S

Sagua, p. 34. A mutilated word; see _Melague_.

Sapatetas, Sp. prov. for _zapatetas_, from _zapato_, a shoe.

Shoe-slappings, the name of the figures in a rough,

noisy dance.

Samo, Nah., p. 8. Probably some compound of _amo_, no, not.

Semula, Sp. prov. for _similar_, like, similar to.

Seno, Sp. prov. for _sin_, without.

Sepaguala, Nah. See _Paguala_.

Sepanegaligua, Nah. A compound of _calaquia_, to enter, with

some prefix, as _cepan_, together, or _ixpan_, in the

presence of some one.

Sesule, Nah. A compound of _tçulli_, good for nothing,

worthless, perhaps with _ce_, one, or _te_, some one. It

is an adjective, applied in a depreciatory manner to the

Güegüence.

Sicana, Nah. See _Cana_.

Silguerio, Sp. prov. for _xilguero_, a linnet, or thrush.

Simocague, Nah. Imperative form of _mocaua_, to pause,

suspend, cease. See page 75.

Sobornal, Sp. The excess or addition to a load.

Sones, Sp. Tunes, music.

T

Tatita, Sp. Little papa. A diminutive of endearment. It

could also be derived from the Nah. _tatli_, father.

Tecetales, _or_ Tesetales, Nah. From _tetzauia_, to be a

shame, to be scandalous.

Tecomajoche, Nah., _tecomatl_, vase, _xochitl_, flower; a

tree bearing small white flowers, a species of

_Plumiera_, allied to the East Indian "temple tree."

Teguane, Nah. Form of _tehuantin_, pronoun, first person

plural, we, us.

Ticino, Nah., _ticitl_, a native doctor, a charlatan; one

who casts lots for divination; a personal form, from

_ticiti_, might be _ticitoni_.

Tiguala, Nah. A compound of _ti_, thou, and _qualli_, good

or well. See note, page 75.

Tiguita, Nah. A word of uncertain meaning, pages 46, 48, in

the phrase _mollule tiguita_. It may be a first person

plural, from _quixtia_, _tic quixtia_, we do our duty,

we do our best.

Timaguas, Nah. Either from _temaca_, to give something to

another; or from _temachti_, a teacher, an instructor.

Tin, Sp. A form for _tener_, to have. It stands in different

passages for _tiene_, _tenemos_, and _tienen_, and is a

good illustration of the wearing away of forms in this

mixed dialect.

Tinderia, Sp. for _tenderia_, a shop, booth or tent, in

which wares are displayed for sale.

Totolatera, Nah. From _tototl_, a bird or fowl; _petaca

totolatera_, a basket for carrying fowls.

Tumaguiso, Nah. A compound of _tuma_, to untie, open, and

_quiça_, a verbal termination, which signifies a

performance of the action of the verb to which it is

added.--Olmos, _Gram. Nah._, p. 157.

Tumiles, Nah. An adjective from the same root as

_tomanaliztli_, fatness, corpulence, and signifies

abounding, abundant.

Tunal, Sp. prov., from a Haytian (Arawack) word. It means a

plantation of the native American cactus figs, or

prickly pears. See page 80.

Tupile, Nah. An officer of justice, an alcalde or alguacil.

From _topilê_, he who carries a staff; _topilli_, staff,

this being the badge of the office.

V

Vaticola, Sp. prov. The posterior of an animal; the crupper

region. Possibly from _veta di cola_, vein of the tail.

Velancicos, Sp. prov. for _villancicos_, rustic songs sung

at the doors of the brotherhoods (_cofradias_) at

certain festivals (Berendt, _Leng. Castel. de

Nicaragua_, MSS).

Y

Ya. Interjection. You there! Yes, there!