Absolute pressure 117
Absolute zero 80
Accessibility of Babcock & Wilcox boiler 59
Acidity in boiler feed water 106
Actual evap. corresponding to boiler horse power 288
Advantages of Babcock & Wilcox boilers 61
Stoker firing 195
Water tube over fire tube boilers 61
Air, composition of 147
In boiler feed water 106
Properties of 147
Required for combustion 152, 156
Specific heat of 148
Supplied for combustion 157
Vapor in 149
Volume of 147
Weight of 147
Alkalinity in boiler feed water 103
Testing feed for 103
Altitude, boiling point of water at 97
Chimney sizes corrected for 248
Alum in feed water treatment 106
A. S. M. E. code for boiler testing 267
Analyses, comparison of proximate and ultimate 183
Proximate coal, and heating values 177
Analysis, coal, proximate, methods of 176
Coal, ultimate 173
Determination of heating value from 173
Analysis, Flue gas 155
Flue gas, methods of 160
Flue gas, object of 155
Anthracite coal 166
Combustion rates with 246
Distribution of 167
Draft required for 246
Firing 190
Grate ratio for 191
Semi 166
Sizes of 190
Steam as aid to burning 191
Thickness of fires with 191
Arches, fire brick, as aid to combustion 190
Fire brick, for 304
Fire brick, laying 305
Automatic stokers, advantages of 195
Overfeed 196
Traveling grate 197
Traveling grate, Babcock & Wilcox 194
Underfeed 196
Auxiliaries, exhaust from, in heating feed water 113
Superheated steam with 142
Auxiliary grates, with blast furnace gas 228
With oil fuel 225
With waste heat 235
Babcock, G. H., lecture on circulation of water in Boilers 28
Lecture on theory of steam making 92
Babcock & Wilcox Co., Works at Barberton, Ohio 7
Works at Bayonne, N. J. 6
Babcock & Wilcox boiler, accessibility of 59
Advantages of 61
Circulation of water in 57, 66
Construction of 49
Cross boxes 50
Cross drum 53
Cross drum, dry steam with 71
Drumheads 49
Drums 49
Durability 75
Evolution of 39
Fittings 55
Fixtures 55
Fronts 53
Handhole fittings 50, 51
Headers 50, 51
Inclined header, wrought steel 54
Inspection 75
Life of 76
Materials entering into the construction of 59
Mud drums 51
Path of gases in 57
Path of water in 57
Rear tube doors of 53, 74
Repairs 75
Safety of 66
Sections 50
Set for utilizing waste heat 236
Set with Babcock & Wilcox chain grate stoker 12
Set with bagasse furnace 208
Set with Peabody oil furnace 222
Supports, cross drum 53
Supports, longitudinal drum 52
Tube doors 53
Vertical header, cast iron 58
Vertical header, wrought steel 48
Babcock & Wilcox chain grate stoker 194
Babcock & Wilcox superheater 136
Bagasse, composition of 206
Furnace 209
Heat, value of 206
Tests of Babcock & Wilcox boilers with 210
Value of diffusion 207
Barium carbonate in feed water treatment 106
Barium hydrate in feed water treatment 106
Barrus draft gauge 254
Bituminous coal, classification of 167
Combustion rates with 246
Composition of 177
Distribution of 168
Firing methods 193
Semi 166
Sizes of 191
Thickness of fire with 193
Blast furnace gas, burners for 228
Combustion of 228
Composition of 227
Stacks for 228
Boiler, Blakey's 23
Brickwork, care of 307
Circulation of water in steam 28
Compounds 109
Development of water tube 23
Eve's 24
Evolution of Babcock & Wilcox 39
Fire tube, compared with water tube 61
Guerney's 24
Horse power 263
Loads, economical 283
Perkins' 24
Room piping 108
Room practice 297
Rumsey's 23
Stevens', John 23
Stevens', John Cox 23
Units, number of 289
Units, size of 289
Wilcox's 25
Woolf's 23
Boilers, capacity of 278
Care of 291
Efficiency of 256
Horse power of 265
Operation of 291
Requirements of steam 27
Testing 267
Boiling point 86
Of various substances 86
Of water as affected by altitude 97
Brick, fire 304
Arches 305
Classification of 304
Compression of 303
Expansion of 303
Hardness of 303
Laying up 305
Nodules, ratio of 303
Nodules, size of 303
Plasticity of 302
Brick, red 302
Brickwork, care of 307
British thermal unit 83
Burners, blast furnace gas 228
By-product coke oven gas 231
Natural gas 231
Oil 217
Oil, capacity of 221
Oil, mechanical atomizing 219
Oil, operation of 223
Oil, steam atomizing 218
Oil, steam consumption of 220
Burning hydrogen, loss due to moisture formed in 261
By-product coke oven gas burners 231
By-product coke oven gas, combustion of 231
By-product coke oven gas, composition and heat value of 231
Calorie 83
Calorific value (see Heat value).
Calorimeter, coal, Mahler bomb 184
Mahler bomb, method of correction 187
Mahler bomb, method of operation of 185
Calorimeter, steam, compact type of throttling 132
Correction for 131
Location of nozzles for 134
Normal reading 131
Nozzles 134
Separating 133
Throttling 129
Capacity of boilers 264, 278
As affecting economy 276
Economical loads 283
With bagasse 210
With blast furnace gas 228
With coal 280
With oil fuel 224
Capacity of natural gas burners 229
Capacity of oil burners 221
Carbon dioxide in flue gases 154
Unreliability of readings taken alone 162
Carbon, fixed 165
Incomplete combustion of, loss due to 158
Monoxide, heat value of 151
Monoxide, in flue gases 155
Unconsumed in ash, loss due to 261
Care of boilers when out of service 300
Casings, boilers 307
Causticity of feed water 103
Testing for 105
Celsius thermometer scale 79
Centigrade thermometer scale 79
Chain grate stoker, Babcock & Wilcox 194
Chemicals required in feed water treatment 105
Chimney gases, losses in 158, 159
Chimneys (see Draft).
Correction in dimensions for altitude 248
Diameter of 243
Draft available from 241
Draft loss in 239
For blast furnace gas 253
For oil fuel 251
For wood fuel 254
Height of 243
Horse power they will serve 250
Circulation of water in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 57, 66
Of water in steam boilers 28
Results of defective 62, 66, 67
Classification of coals 166
Fire brick 304
Feed water difficulties 100
Fuels 165
Cleaners, turbine tube 299
Cleaning, ease of, Babcock & Wilcox boilers 73
Closed feed water heaters 111
Coal, Alaska 169
Analyses and heat value 177
Analysis, proximate 176
Analysis, ultimate 173
Anthracite 166
Bituminous 167
Cannel 167
Classification of 165, 166
Combustion of 190
Comparison with oil 214
Consumption, increase due to superheat 139
Distribution of 167
Formation of 165
Lignite 167
Records 293
Semi-anthracite 166
Semi-bituminous 166
Sizes of anthracite 190
Sizes of bituminous 191
Code of A. S. M. E. for boiler testing 267
Coefficient of expansion of various substances 87
Coke 171
Oven gas, by-product, burners 231
Oven gas, by-product, combustion of 231
Oven gas, by-product, composition and heat value of 231
Coking method of firing 195
Color as indication of temperature 91
Combination furnaces 224
Combustible in fuels 150
Combustion 150
Air required for 152, 156
Air supplied for 157
Combustion of coal 190
Of gaseous fuels 227
Of liquid fuels 212
Of solid fuels other than coal 201
Composition of bagasse 205
Blast furnace gas 227
By-product coke oven gas 231
Coals 177
Natural gas 229
Oil 213
Wood 201
Compounds, boiler 109
Compressibility of water 97
Compression of fire brick 303
Condensation, effect of superheated steam on 140
In steam pipes 313
Consumption, heat, of engines 141
Correction, stem, for thermometers 80
For normal reading in steam calorimeter 131
For radiation, bomb calorimeter 187
Corrosion 101, 106
Coverings, pipe 315
Cross drum, Babcock & Wilcox boiler 52, 53, 60
Dry steam with 71
Draft area as affecting economy in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 70
Available from chimneys 241
Draft loss in chimneys 239
Loss in boilers 245
Loss in flues 243
Loss in furnaces 245
Draft required for anthracite 246
Required for various fuels 246
Drums, Babcock & Wilcox, cross 53
Cross, boxes 50
Heads 49
Longitudinal 49
Manholes 49
Nozzles on 50
Dry steam in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 71
Density of gases 147
Steam 115
Dulong's formula for heating value 173
Ebullition, point of 86
Economizers 111
Efficiency of boilers, chart of 258
Combustible basis 256
Dry coal basis 256
Increase in, due to superheaters 139
Losses in (see Heat balance) 259
Testing 267
Test _vs._ operating 278
Variation in, with capacity 284
With coal 288
With oil 224
Ellison draft gauge 254
Engine, Hero's 13
Engines, superheated steam with 141
Equivalent evaporation from and at 212 degrees 116
Eve's boiler 24
Evolution of Babcock & Wilcox boiler 39
Exhaust steam from auxiliaries 113
Expansion, coefficient of 87
Of fire brick 303
Of pipe 315
Pyrometer 89
Factor of evaporation 117
Fahrenheit thermometer scale 79
Fans, use of, in waste heat work 233
Feed water, air in 106
As affecting capacity 279
Boiler 100
Feed water heaters, closed 111
Economizers 111
Open 111
Feed water heating, methods of 111
Saving by 110
Feed water, impurities in 100
Lines 312
Method of feeding 110
Feed water treatment 102
Chemical 102
Chemical, lime and soda process 102
Chemical, lime process 102
Chemical, soda process 102
Chemicals used in lime and soda process 105
Combined heat and chemical 105
Heat 102
Less usual reagents 106
Firing, advantages of stoker 195
Methods for anthracite 190
Bituminous 193
Lignite 195
Fittings, handhole in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 50, 51
Pipe 311
Superheated steam 145
With Babcock & Wilcox boilers 55
Fixtures with Babcock & Wilcox boilers 55
Flanges, pipe 309
Flow of steam into pressure above atmosphere 317
Into the atmosphere 328
Through orifices 317
Through pipes 317
Flue gas analysis 155
Conversion of volumetric to weight 161
Methods of making 160
Object of 155
Orsat apparatus 159
Flue gas, composition of 155
Losses in 158, 159
Weight per pound of carbon in fuel 158
Weight per pound of fuel 158
Weight resulting from combustion 157
Foaming 102, 107
Fuel analysis, proximate 176
Ultimate 173
Fuel calorimeter, Mabler bomb 184
Tests, method of making 186
Fuels, classification of 165
Gaseous, and their combustion 227
Fuels, liquid, and their combustion 212
Solid, coal 190
Solid, other than coal 201
Furnace, bagasse 209
Blast furnace gas 228
By-product coke oven gas 231
Combination wood and oil 225
Efficiency of 283
Natural gas 229
Peabody oil 222
Webster 55
Wood burning 201, 202
Galvanic action 107
Gas, blast furnace, burners 228
Combustion of 228
Composition of 227
Gas, by-product coke oven, burners 231
Combustion of 231
Composition of and heat value 231
Gas, natural, burners 229
Combustion of 229
Composition and heat value of 229
Gases, chimney, losses in 158, 159
Density of 163
Flue (see Flue gases).
Path of in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 57
Waste (see Waste heat) 232
Gaskets 312
Gauges, draft, Barrus 254
Ellison 255
Peabody 255
U-tube 254
Gauges, vacuum 117
Grate ratio for anthracite 191
Gravity of oils 214
Grooving 102
Guerney's boiler 24
Handhole fittings for Babcock & Wilcox boilers 50, 51
Handholes in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 50, 51
Hardness of boiler feed water 102
Permanent 102
Temporary 102
Testing for 105
Hardness of fire brick 303
Heat and chemical methods of treating feed water 105
And its measurement 79
Balance 262
Consumption of engines 141
Latent 84
Of liquid 120
Sensible 84
Specific (see Specific heat) 83
Total 86
Transfer 323
Heat value of bagasse 205
By-product coke oven gas 231
Coal 177
Heat value of fuels, determination of 173
Determination of Kent's approximate method 183
High and low 174
Heat value of natural gas 229
Oil 215
Wood 201
Heat waste (see Waste heat) 232
Heaters, feed water, closed 111
Economizers 111
Open 111
Heating feed water, saving by 110
Hero's engine 13
High and low heat value of fuels 174
High pressure steam, advantages of use of 119
High temperature measurements, accuracy of 89
Horse power, boiler 265
Evaporation (actual) corresponding to 288
Rated boiler 265
Stacks for various, of boilers 250
Hydrogen in flue gases 156
Ice, specific heat of 99
"Idalia", tests with superheated steam on yacht 143
Impurities in boiler feed water 100
Incomplete combustion of carbon, loss due to 158
Injectors, efficiency of 112
Relative efficiency of, and pumps 112
Iron alum in feed water treatment 106
Kent, Wm., determination of heat value from analysis 183
Stack table 250
Kindling point 150
Latent heat 84, 115
Laying of fire brick 305
Red brick 305
Lignite, analyses of 181
Combustion of 195
Lime and soda treatment of boiler feed 102
Used in chemical treatment of feed 105
Lime treatment of boiler feed water 102
Liquid fuels and their combustion 212
Loads, economical boiler 283
Losses due to excess air 158
Due to unburned carbon 158
Due to unconsumed carbon in the ash 261
Losses in efficiency (see Heat balance).
In flue gases 158, 159
Low water in boilers 298
Melting points of metals 91
Mercurial pyrometers 89
Moisture in coal, determination of 176
In fuels, losses due to 259
In steam, determination of 129
Mud drum of Babcock & Wilcox boiler 51
Napier's formula for flow of steam 321
Natural gas, burners for 229
Combustion of 229
Composition and heat value of 229
Nitrate of silver in testing feed water 105
Nitrogen, as indication of excess air 157
In air 147
In flue gases 157
Nodules, fire brick, ratio of 303
Size of 303
Normal reading, throttling calorimeter 131
Nozzles, steam sampling for calorimeter 134
Location of 134
Oil fuel, burners (see Burners).
Capacity with 224
Combustion of 217
Comparison with coal 214
Composition and heat value of 213
Efficiency with 224
Furnaces for 221
Gravity of 214
In combination with other fuels 224
Stacks for 251
Tests with 224
Open hearth furnace, Babcock & Wilcox boiler set
for utilizing waste heat from 236
Open heaters, feed water 111
Operation of boilers 291
Optical pyrometers 91
Orsat apparatus 160
Oxalate of soda in feed water treatment 106
Oxygen in air 147
Flue gases 155
Peabody draft gauge 255
Formulae for coal calorimeter correction 188
Furnace for oil fuel 221, 222
Oil burner 218
Peat 167
Perkins' boiler 24
Pfaundler's method of coal calorimeter radiation correction 187
Pipe coverings 315
Data 308
Expansion of 315
Pipe fittings 311
Flanges 309
Flow of steam through 317
Radiation from bare and covered 314
Sizes 312
Supports for 315
Piping, boiler room 308
Pitting 102
Plant records, coal 293
Draft 294
Temperature 294
Water 293
Plasticity of fire brick 302
Pressed fuels 171
Priming in boilers 102
Methods of treating for 107
Properties of water 96
Proximate analyses of coal 177
Proximate analysis 173
Method of making 176
Pulverized fuels 170
Pump, efficiency of feed 112
Pyrometers, expansion 89
Mercurial 89
Optical 91
Radiation 90
Thermo-electric 90
Quality of steam 129
Radiation correction for coal calorimeter 187, 188
Correction for steam calorimeter 131
Effect of superheated steam on 140
From pipes 314
Losses in efficiency due to 307
Pyrometers 90
Ratio of air supplied to that required for combustion 157
Reagents, less usual in feed treatment 106
Records, plant, coal 293
Draft 294
Temperature 294
Water 293
Requirements of steam boilers 27
As indicated by evolution of Babcock & Wilcox 45
Rumsey's boiler 23
Safety of Babcock & Wilcox boilers 66
Salts responsible for scale 101
Solubility of 101
Sampling coal 271
Nozzles for steam 134
Nozzles for steam, location of 134
Steam 134
Steam, errors in 135
Saturated air 149
Saving by heating feed 110
With superheat in "Idalia" tests 143
With superheat in prime movers 140, 142
Scale (see Thermometers) 101
Sea water, composition of 97
Sections, Babcock & Wilcox boiler 50
Selection of boilers 277
Sensible heat 84
Separating steam calorimeter 132
Sizes of anthracite coal 190
Bituminous coal 191
Smoke, methods of eliminating 197
Smokelessness, relative nature of 197
With hand-fired furnaces 199
With stoker-fired furnaces 199
Soda, lime and, treatment of feed 103
Oxalate of, in treatment of feed 106
Removal of scale aided by 300
Silicate of, in treatment of feed 106
Treatment of boiler feed 103
Space occupied by Babcock & Wilcox boilers 66
Specific heat 83
Specific heat of air 148
Ice 99
Saturated steam 99
Specific heat of superheated steam 137
Various solids, liquids and gases 85
Water 99
Spreading method of firing 193
Stacks and draft (see Chimneys) 237
Stacks for blast furnace gas 228
Oil fuel 251
Wood 202, 254
Stayed surfaces, absence of, in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 69
Difficulties arising from use of 67
Steam 115
As aid to combustion of anthracite 191
As aid to combustion of lignite 195
Consumption of prime movers 289
Density of 115
Flow of, into atmosphere 320
Flow of, into pressure above atmosphere 318
Flow of, through pipes 317
High pressure, advantage of 119
History of generation and use of 13
Making, theory of 92
Moisture in 129
Properties of, for vacuum 119
Properties of saturated 122
Properties of superheated 125
Quality of 129
Saturated 115
Specific heat of saturated 99
Specific heat of superheated 137
Specific volume of 115
Superheated 137
Superheaters (see Superheated steam).
Steaming, quick, with Babcock & Wilcox boilers 73
Stem Correction, thermometer 80
Stevens, John, boiler 23
Stevens, John Cox, boiler 23
Stokers, automatic, advantages of 195
Babcock & Wilcox chain grate 194
Overfeed 196
Smokelessness with 199
Traveling grate 197
Underfeed 196
Superheated steam 137
Additional fuel for 139
Effect on condensation 140
Effect on radiation 140
Fittings for use with 145
"Idalia" tests with 143
Specific heat of 137
Variation in temperature of 145
With turbines 142
Superheater, Babcock & Wilcox 136
Effect of on boiler efficiency 139
Supports, Babcock & Wilcox boiler 52, 53
Tan bark 210
Tar, water gas 225
Temperature, accuracy of high, measurements 89
As indicated by color 91
Of waste gases 232
Records 294
Test conditions _vs._ operating conditions 278
Testing, boiler, A. S. M. E. code for 267
Tests of Babcock & Wilcox boilers with bagasse 210
Coal 280
Oil 224
Theory of steam making 92
Thermo-electric pyrometers 90
Thermometer scale, celsius 79
Thermometer scale, centigrade 76
Fahrenheit 79
Réaumur 79
Thermometer scales, comparison of 80
Conversion of 80
Thermometer stem correction for 80
Thermometers, glass for 79
Throttling calorimeter 129
Total heat 86, 115
Treatment of boiler feed water (see Feed water) 102
Chemicals used in 105
Less usual reagents in 106
Tube data 309
Doors in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 53
Tubes in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 50
Ultimate analyses of coal 183
Analysis of fuels 173
Unaccounted losses in efficiency 261
Unconsumed carbon in ash 261
Units, boiler, number of 289
Size of 289
Units, British thermal 83
Unreliability of CO_{2} readings alone 162
Vacuum gauges 117
Properties of steam for 119
Valves used with superheated steam 312
Variation in properties of saturated steam 119
Superheat from boilers 145
Volume of air 147
Water 96
Volume, specific, of steam 115
Waste heat, auxiliary grates with boilers for 235
Babcock & Wilcox boilers set for use with 236
Boiler design for 233
Curve of temperature, heat absorption, and heating surface 235
Draft for 233
Fans for use with 233
Power obtainable from 232
Temperature of, from various processes 232
Utilization of 232
Water, air in boiler feed 106
Boiling points of 97
Compressibility of 97
Water feed, impurities in 100
Methods of feeding to boiler 132
Saving by heating 110
Treatment (see Feed water).
Water-gas tar 225
Heat of the liquid 120
Path of, in Babcock & Wilcox boilers 57
Properties of 96
Records 293
Specific heat of 99
Volume of 96
Weight of 96, 120
Watt, James 17
Weathering of coal 169
Webster furnace 55
Weight of air 147
Wilcox boiler 25
Wood, combustion of dry 202
Wet 203
Composition and heat value of 201
Furnace design for 201
Moisture in 201
Sawmill refuse 202
Woolf s boiler 24
Zero, absolute 81