line (the suits as in tableau). These are the foundation cards, which
ascend in sequence to kings (Rule I).
Next deal out eight cards and place them above the foundations in two
rows, four cards in each (see tableau). The upper row is called the
Auxiliaries; the lower one, the Rivals. If any suitable cards are found
in the Auxiliaries, play them, filling the spaces so made from the
Rivals (Rule III). Cards from the Rivals may be placed in descending
sequence on those of the Auxiliaries (Rule II), and the sequences so
formed will be played as opportunity arises on to the foundations.
Continue to deal out the pack, playing, placing on the Auxiliaries, and
refilling spaces according to rules--the non-suitable cards forming a
talon.
It must be remembered that cards can only be played on the foundations
_from the Auxiliaries_, and not straight from the Rivals or from the
talon; cards from these must first pass into the Auxiliaries.
There is no re-deal.
[Illustration: THE LABYRINTH.]
THE LABYRINTH
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. The foundations follow suit.
II. Only cards in the highest or lowest rows are available, until a
card from any other row is released, by the removal of cards either
above or below it, the principle being that no card can be used that is
not free _either_ from the top or the bottom. Small crosses are placed
on the tableau to mark the cards that are available.
III. You can only refill vacancies in the lowest row as the deal goes
on (_i.e._, in the row which you are actually dealing).
IV. Each row must be completed before you can play from it.
PLAY
Withdraw from the pack and place in horizontal line above, four kings
and four aces of different suits. These are the foundations, the aces
ascending in sequence to kings, the kings descending to aces (Rule I).
You next deal out ten cards in a horizontal row, and when the row is
complete, play any suitable cards on the foundations, refilling the
vacancies from the pack or talon.
Proceed to deal out a second row of ten cards underneath the first,
playing suitable ones as before, playing _also from the upper row_, and
refilling spaces subject to Rule III. As you may only refill vacancies
on the last row which is being dealt, there will be many gaps in the
tableau as you proceed.
You continue thus to deal out the entire pack in successive rows, each
row completely blocking the preceding one unless the removal of a card
releases the one above it, or _unless the removal of cards in the upper
rows_ (Rule II) releases that card from above.
When the pack is exhausted and you have played all available cards, if
the game has not succeeded, you have one more chance, _i.e._, the
privilege of removing any one card from the tableau, taking care, of
course, to remove the card which blocks those most needed. The choice
of this "grace" is the only point left to the skill of the player.
There is no re-deal.
_Note 1._--Some players instead of taking the foundations from the
pack, wait till they appear in the deal.
_Note 2._--The dimensions of the tableau preclude the insertion of the
spaces for the foundation cards.
[Illustration: SPENSER'S FAIRIE QUEEN.]
SPENSER'S FAIRIE QUEEN
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. The foundations follow suit.
II. If during the deal two or more kings turn up in succession, cards
can only be placed on the last one.
III. Available cards may be transferred from one column to another in
descending sequence and need not follow suit.
IV. Only the lowest card of each column is available, until its removal
releases the one above it.
V. Any available card may be transferred to a single king, and
sequences may be placed upon that card as upon those of the other
columns.
PLAY
Take one king from the pack, and place it at the left-hand upper
corner. Upon this king you place the cards as they are dealt, in
perpendicular column, each card half covering the preceding one, until
a second king appears, which must be placed next to the first one, and
becomes in its turn the head of a second column (Rule II). When a third
king appears, it is placed next to the second one, and is treated in
like manner, and so on until the pack is exhausted, cards being always
placed on the last king turned up. Thus some kings will head lines of
different lengths (see Note 3, on next page), and some will probably
remain alone, and this, as will be seen, is very advantageous.
During the deal, aces as they turn up are placed in the spaces
reserved.
The eight aces form the foundation cards and ascend in sequence to
queens (Rule I). (See Note 2.)
Suitable cards may be played as they turn up in the deal, and after
playing each, the columns should be examined, as the playing of a card
may bring other available ones (Rule IV) into use.
When the deal is complete, the tableau must be carefully examined.
Available cards may now be transferred from one column to another (Rule
III) or placed on the single kings (Rule V) or played on the
foundations. And it is sometimes better not to play cards, but to leave
them to receive sequences.
It is not advisable to transfer queens, as they cannot be moved again
until required to complete the foundations, but it is often necessary
to do so, when their removal would release cards urgently needed. The
success of the game greatly depends on the skill of the player in
transferring the sequences backward and forward so as to release as
many cards as possible. There is no re-deal. (See Note 1.)
_Note 1._--Supposing that you have two single kings and wish to release
a knave of hearts which is blocked with a descending sequence, the last
card of that sequence being a four, place the four and then the five on
the two spare kings. The six is thus released, and if a seven should be
at the bottom of any other column, you transfer the six on to it, and
also the five and the four, thus again freeing the two kings. Now put
up the seven and the eight (of the column you are trying to work off)
on to those kings. Then transfer the seven to the eight, and place the
nine on the remaining king. You have now only the ten left to block
your knave of hearts; you will probably find, or be able to release,
some other available knave, on which you will place the ten. In this
somewhat complicated manner you arrive at the desired knave of hearts.
The combinations are endless.
_Note 2._--The spaces for the foundations are not marked for want of
room.
_Note 3._--It often happens that so many cards have to be dealt on to
one king before the next one appears that the column can no longer be
continued in a straight line. The player must, therefore, twist the
cards to gain room (see tableau), the small crosses show the available
cards.
[Illustration: THE TERRACE.]
THE TERRACE
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. Only the last card (_i.e._, the right-hand one) of the Terrace is
available till its removal releases the card next to it.
II. The foundations ascend in sequence and must be formed with
alternate red and black cards.
III. Cards in the valley may be transferred in alternate _descending_
sequence from one packet to another, and the uppermost card of the
talon may also be placed in sequence on the valley, but, like those of
the foundations, the sequences in the valley must be formed of
alternate colors.
IV. Only the uppermost cards of the valley packets are available until
their removal releases those beneath.
PLAY
Deal out from left to right a row of thirteen cards. This is called the
Terrace. You next turn up from the pack in hand three cards, and choose
one of the three as a foundation. Place the foundation card underneath
the Terrace on the left side, and the seven other cards of similar
value will take their places, as they turn up in the deal, in a line
with the first foundation (see tableau).
You next place your two rejected cards underneath the foundation, and
deal out seven other cards alongside, forming a third horizontal row of
nine cards. This is called the valley. From the valley you take any
foundations, and having placed them, you play also any other suitable
cards (Rule II); but you must first examine the Terrace, as cards must
always in preference be played from the Terrace (Rule I). Having played
all suitable cards, and refilled the vacancies in the valley from the
pack in hand, proceed to place cards in sequence in the valley (Rules
III and IV), of course playing them in preference on the foundations
when possible, but remember always to examine the Terrace, as the
success of the game depends entirely on detaching cards from the
Terrace. If even a suitable card could be played from the valley, and
none were at the moment available on the Terrace, it would still be
better to refrain from playing it, if an equally suitable card from the
Terrace were likely shortly to be released. In reference to your choice
of the foundation cards, you should always examine the available card
of the Terrace and choose, if possible, one below it in value.
You next proceed to deal out the entire pack, playing on foundations
(Rule II), placing and transferring cards in the valley (Rules III and
IV), and refilling vacancies.
There is no re-deal.
[Illustration: GENERAL SEDGEWICK.]
GENERAL SEDGEWICK
One Entire Pack of Cards
RULES
I. The original five cards forming the cross are available, but when
they are covered by the addition of others, only the uppermost card of
each packet is available until its removal releases the card beneath.
II. The foundations follow suit.
III. Cards on the cross may be transferred in descending sequence from
one packet to another, and cards from the pack or talon may also be
placed in descending sequence on those of the cross.
IV. Cards on the cross need not follow suit.
PLAY
Deal five cards and place them in the form of a cross.
The next card turned is to be placed in the left-hand upper corner, and
this constitutes the foundation card, the three others of similar
value, as they appear, being placed in the three other corners (see
tableau).
The foundation cards ascend in sequence (Rule II).
Having placed the cross and the first foundation, play any foundation
or other suitable cards from the cross, filling the vacancies from pack
or talon. You then proceed to transfer cards on the cross (Rules I,
III, and IV); and although not necessary, it is very advantageous that
these packets should be of the same suit, as they are then ready to be
played on to the foundations, and to effect this by transferring the
cards backward and forward as much as possible should be the great
object of the player.
Continue to deal out the cards till the pack is exhausted--playing,
transferring, and refilling vacancies. The non-suitable cards form the
talon.
There is no re-deal.
[Illustration: THE QUEENS.]
THE QUEENS
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. The foundations follow suit.
II. The uppermost card of the key is alone available until its removal
releases the card beneath; each card that is played releasing the one
that it covered.
III. Cards from the key can only be played on the foundations and may
not be placed on the shutter.
IV. The cards in payment of the queens are taken from the _top_ of the
key (fourteen for each queen _including_ herself).
V. Cards in payment of the queens are taken from the _bottom_ of the
talon (three for each queen _exclusive_ of herself).
PLAY
Take from the pack thirty-two cards; place them in a packet on the left
side, face upward. This packet is called the key. If the uppermost card
should be a queen, take fourteen cards from the top of the key
(including the queen) and place them at the bottom of the pack (Rule
IV). After removing the fourteen cards, should the next card on the key
chance also to be a queen, you repeat the process, thus adding
twenty-eight cards to the pack, and diminishing those on the key. Even
if the next card in like manner chanced to be a queen, you would take
all the remaining cards of the key (which could, however, only be four)
and add them to the pack,--thus getting rid of the key, which would
greatly facilitate the success of the game.
After dealing out the key (and if you have good luck, diminishing it)
you next proceed to deal seven cards, placing them in two rows of four
and three cards respectively. (See tableau.) These are called the
shutter. If during the dealing of these any kings appear, place them in
a row above. The eight kings are the foundations, which ascend through
aces to queens (Rule I).
When the shutter is dealt, play from it any suitable cards, refilling
the spaces at once, but always first look to see if a card from the key
is available (Rules II and III), and play that in preference, as it is
all important to get rid of the key. Cards on the shutter can marry in
descending line with each other, or with cards from the pack or talon.
When you have married or played all available cards, deal out the
remainder of the pack, playing, marrying, and refilling spaces; the
unsuitable cards forming a talon.
You must carefully count the number of queens that you place in the
talon (it is best to have some counters at hand for this purpose), as
when the pack is exhausted each of these queens counts for three
cards--_i.e._, for each queen you take from the bottom of the talon
three cards besides herself (Rule V)--and these cards constitute a
fresh pack to deal from.
Thus, if the talon contains six queens, you take from it eighteen cards
exclusive of the six queens (Rule V) and deal them out again, and again
count the queens to repay yourself as before. This is done to give a
fresh chance of winning the game, as the talon is not re-dealt in its
entirety. If the talon has not sufficient cards left to pay three for
each queen, you simply take all that remain, and then there is good
hope of success, if the key has also been played out.
[Illustration: THE HERRING-BONE.]
THE HERRING-BONE
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. The foundations follow suit.
II. The lowest (or twenty-eighth) card of the herring-bone is alone
available until its removal releases the next one (_i.e._, the uppermost
card of the fan above it), then the second card of the fan becomes the
available one, then the third, then the single card above the fan just
played, and so on, the removal of each card rendering the next one
available.
III. All the cards in the side scenes and the four bars are available.
IV. Vacancies on the bars are refilled from cards of the herring-bone
(Rule II), but vacancies on the side scenes may only be refilled from
the pack or talon.
PLAY
Deal out twenty-eight cards, beginning from the top (see tableau),
thus: Three at the top, placed fan shape, then a single card half
covering the fan, then another fan half covering the single card, then
another single card, and so on till you have seven fans and seven
single cards: this is called the herring-bone, the last card being a
single one and available. (Rule II.)
You next deal out eight cards, four on each side the herring-bone:
these are called side scenes. Then place one card horizontally above
and below each side scene: these are called bars. When these forty
cards are placed, the next card dealt becomes the foundation, and is
placed in one of the allotted spaces, the other seven cards of similar
value being placed as they appear on the tableau, or during the deal.
Four of the foundations ascend in sequence and four descend (Rule I),
and it is best to place the ascending on the right side, the descending
on the left.
When the tableau is complete, and the first foundation has been played,
examine the whole and play from the herring-bone, bars, or side scenes
any foundations or other suitable cards. Always choose, in preference,
cards from the herring-bone or bars, as on the removal of the
herring-bone the success of the game mainly depends, and if a bar is
removed, the available card on the herring-bone replaces it, thus
releasing the next. (Rules II and III.)
Having played and refilled all spaces, proceed to deal out the entire
pack, playing all suitable cards, and refilling spaces; the unsuitable
cards forming the talon. In forming the foundations, one card at a time
may be exchanged from the ascending to the descending sequence, and
_vice versâ_.
The talon may be taken up, shuffled, and re-dealt twice.
_Note._--It is so exceedingly disadvantageous that there should be
duplicate cards in the herring-bone, that in the German variety of this
game the herring-bone is set out from a single pack before the two
packs are shuffled.
[Illustration: THE OLGA.]
THE OLGA
Four Piquet Packs
RULES
I. The foundations follow suit.
II. Each card in the flower-bed must be turned face upward as soon as
the card immediately below it is removed. The card so turned is then
available.
III. Cards on the flower-bed may be placed in descending sequence upon
each other (and cards from the pack or talon may also be placed in
sequence on the flower-bed), but must be so placed in alternate colors,
_i.e._, a black eight upon a red nine, and so on.
PLAY
Deal out forty-nine cards in seven horizontal rows, each containing
seven cards. This is called the flower-bed. In the first row the cards
are placed face upward, in the second row face downward, and so on
alternately, the seventh or last row being face upward. Should there
not be space, each row may half cover the preceding one. The
foundations consist of sixteen aces, ascending in sequence through
sevens to kings (Rule I). When the flower-bed has been dealt, if any
aces appear in the lowest row, play them in their allotted spaces, as
also any deuces or other suitable cards, always turning the card above
the one played, face upward. Available cards on the flower-bed (Rule
II) may be placed in descending sequence on each other, but in
alternate colors (Rule III). They may be transferred from one packet to
another, and on doing this judiciously the success of the game depends.
Cards from the pack or talon may also be placed in sequence (Rule III)
on those of the flower-bed. [You are not obliged to play cards on the
foundations, if to place them on the flower-bed seems more
advantageous.] Continue to deal out the entire pack, playing on
foundations, placing and transferring on the flower-bed, the unsuitable
cards forming the talon. If you succeed in removing an entire
perpendicular row of cards, the space at the top may be filled by any
available card of the flower-bed (Rule II), and upon that card may be
placed sequences (Rule III) as on the other rows.
[Illustration: CÆSAR.]
CÆSAR
Nine Cards from One Entire Pack
PLAY
Withdraw from one entire pack nine cards, composed of any suits, from
ace to nine inclusive. Place these nine cards in three rows, each
containing three cards. Endeavor, by changing their position, so to
dispose them, that the number of pips in each row, counting the cards
horizontally, perpendicularly, and diagonally, may make the sum of
fifteen. The tableau shows only three fifteens, but if the cards are
properly placed eight fifteens can be made.
[Illustration: RED AND BLACK.]
RED AND BLACK
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. The foundations follow suit.
II. Cards may be placed on the Volunteers in descending sequence, but
they must be of alternate colors. On the black four (see tableau) would
be placed a red three, then a black deuce, and so on.
PLAY
Withdraw from the pack the eight aces, placing them in pairs of
alternate colors in a horizontal line (see tableau). These are the
foundations and ascend in sequence to kings (Rule I). Next deal out
eight cards, placing them underneath the foundations. This row of cards
is called the Volunteers. Examine the Volunteers and play any suitable
cards on to the foundations, immediately filling each vacancy from the
cards in hand. When no more can be played, proceed to form sequences in
descending line with cards of the Volunteers, subject strictly to Rule
II; then again play all that are suitable and proceed to deal out the
cards till the pack is exhausted, playing cards on the foundations or
placing them in sequence on the Volunteers, and always refilling
vacancies. The unsuitable cards form the talon.
When the pack is exhausted, the talon may be taken up, shuffled, and
re-dealt once.
[Illustration: THE SQUARE.]
THE SQUARE
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. The foundations follow suit.
II. The four aces (foundation cards) ascend in sequence to kings. When
each packet has ascended to king, a second king (same suit) is placed
on the top, and another sequence on the same packet descends to ace,
with which the four foundations terminate.
PLAY
Deal out sixteen cards, as in tableau. This is the "Square" (Quadrat).
During the deal, the four aces of different suits must be placed in
their allotted spaces as they appear. These are the foundations, which
ascend in sequence to kings and descend again to aces (Rule II).
When the Square is complete, play from it any suitable cards, and marry
both in ascending and descending line with cards on the Square,
immediately refilling spaces from the pack or talon. Continue to deal
out the whole pack, playing first in ascending, then in descending
sequence (Rule II), marrying, and refilling spaces; the unsuitable
cards forming the talon. The sequences on the Square can be reversed
from one packet to another, thus if on one packet there were a sequence
of which the top card was a nine, and on another a sequence of which
the top card was either an eight or a ten (of course of the same suit),
either of these could be placed on the nine and the whole sequence
reversed, but great care must be taken in reversing sequences, lest
cards should hopelessly block each other. Much practice is required in
order to avoid this danger.
If the game succeeds, the double series of sequences which began with
four aces, will likewise finish with four aces.
There is no re-deal.
[Illustration: MARGARETHE.]
MARGARETHE
One Entire Pack of Cards
RULES
I. The foundations follow suit.
II. The king foundations descend from ten to eight; the knaves, from
seven to five; the queens, from four to two.
PLAY
Withdraw from the pack all the court cards and place them in the form
of an M, as in tableau. These twelve cards are the foundations. All the
aces as they appear are to be placed in one packet in the M underneath
the knaves. You next deal nine cards and place them in the form of an A
(see tableau).
These are the help cards, and from them you play any that are suitable
on to the foundations, the first played on a king being a ten, on a
knave a seven, and on a queen a four (Rules I and II), filling the
spaces from the pack in hand. You next proceed to deal out the whole
pack, playing on the foundations, placing aces in the reserved space in
the M, refilling vacancies in the A, and placing unsuitable cards in
the talon.
If the game succeeds, the final tableau will form an M composed of the
eights, the fives and the twos, the four aces being placed crossways in
the centre.
The talon may be re-dealt once.
[Illustration: MOUNT OLYMPUS.]
MOUNT OLYMPUS
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. The foundations and the battery follow suit.
II. The foundations ascend in alternate sequences; the aces, in odd
numbers, 3, 5, 7, etc., till they finish with kings; the twos, in even
numbers, 4, 6, 8, etc., till they finish with queens. (Knaves count
eleven; queens, twelve.)
III. Cards may be placed on the battery in alternate descending
sequence; thus, on a nine place a seven, on the seven, a five, on a
queen place a ten, then an eight, and so on.
IV. The uppermost cards of the battery are alone available, until their
removal releases those beneath.
PLAY
Withdraw from the pack the eight aces and the eight twos, and place
them in the form of a pyramid, as in tableau; these are the foundations
which ascend in alternate sequence, till they end respectively with
kings and queens. (Rules I and II.)
Next deal out nine cards as in tableau, this is called the battery.
Suitable cards of the battery may be played on the foundations, and may
also be placed on each other in alternate descending sequence. (Rules
I, III, and IV.) The unsuitable cards form the talon. Continue to deal
out the entire pack, playing on the pyramid, placing cards on the
battery, and refilling spaces from pack or talon.
If the game succeeds, the pyramid will be formed of alternate kings and
queens.
The talon may be taken up and re-dealt once.
[Illustration: THE WHEEL.]
THE WHEEL
Two Entire Packs of Cards