STORY OF THE NEW NAVY
THE FOLLY OF ALLOWING OTHER NATIONS TO EXPERIMENT FOR US--IN SPITE
OF WHAT WE LEARNED FROM THEIR MISTAKES, WE WERE UNABLE, WHEN WE
FIRST BEGAN FOR OURSELVES, TO BUILD EVEN A FIRST-CLASS CRUISER--THE
RESULT OF TEN YEARS OF EARNEST WORK--BATTLE-SHIPS WHOSE POWER IS
CONCEDED BY FOREIGN WRITERS--CRUISERS THAT AWAKENED THE PRIDE OF
THE NATION--THREE “NEWFANGLED NOTIONS”--A YANKEE ADMIRAL AT RIO
JANEIRO AND A YANKEE LIEUTENANT ON THE COAST OF MEXICO--THE ONE
IMPORTANT FACT ABOUT THE NEW NAVY.
The naval history of the United States during the period since the
Civil War has been not a little like that of the period following the
War of the Revolution. When the Civil War was ended and the acute
complication with our over-sea neighbors during 1865 was past, we
sold off our ships as a merchant disposes of his shelf-worn goods. It
is true we did not sell every ship as we did in 1785, but in 1885 we
were relatively in as helpless a condition as, and actually in a more
shameful condition than, we were when we had not a ship that belonged
to the nation; for the wooden hulks on the naval list in 1885
and their smooth-bore Dahlgren shell guns were, for the purpose of
carrying the flag in the face of an enemy having ironclads and rifles,
absolutely useless. And as to the shame of it, we know that in 1785
the nation was poor, and even the few dollars needed to keep a frigate
or two in commission seemed a large sum, while the nation in the later
years, when the navy was neglected, was spending enough money in
dredging out commerceless channels to have built squadrons of several
times the needed force. It is the usual thing for writers who refer
to that period to say, because we slipped through it without a more
serious foreign complication than the murder of a few American citizens
by the Spanish government at Santiago de Cuba, in 1873, it was really
to our advantage that we built no ships. The European governments were
experimenting at great cost, and we were saved all of that. We got the
benefit of their experience and saved the dollars. But the fact is we
could not and did not benefit by their experience to any degree worth
serious consideration. Neither the individual man nor the aggregation
of men called a nation can take advantage of the apprenticeship which
another man or nation has served. I do not hope to have this statement
believed by people to whom the only fruition of labor and life is a
dollar. But there are some who understand that national character,
like individual character, is of more importance than dollars; that
the very chuckling over the dollars we saved “while other nations were
experimenting for us” is contemptible; that, to take another and more
material point of view, what we lost in the development of the brains
of our mechanics and inventors by letting the other nations do the
“experimenting for us” was of infinitely greater value than the whole
revenue of the nation. It is not the loss of a product of ships that is
to be deplored, but the loss of a product of men.
[Illustration: The Old Method of Handling a Ship’s Bowsprit.
_From an old engraving._]
The building of the new navy actually began, one may say, when
Secretary of the Navy William H. Hunt appointed a board of naval
officers, with Rear-admiral John Rodgers at its head, “to determine
the requirements of a new navy.” These officers considered the matter
jointly for a proper time, and then reported that the United States
should have twenty-one battle-ships--ships fit to meet the best
floating forts of the world; seventy unarmored cruisers of various
sizes, twenty torpedo boats, five torpedo gunboats, and five rams.
[Illustration: Hauling a Vessel into Port a Hundred Years Ago.
_From an old engraving._]
It was not an extravagant estimate, and it was approved, in a way,
by the nation. Did we build them, or any considerable part of them,
straightway? Not at all. We could not build even one of the armored
ships. We had saved the expense of experimenting; we had allowed
other nations to do our experimenting for us. “Right smart” economists
we were. When European experiments had fairly shown what European
practice was likely to be, we started in to adopt the European ideas,
and suddenly learned, what had never occurred to us as a nation, that
the foundation of all sea power is a shipyard. We had been able in
the old days to set afloat efficient wooden fighting machines in four
months, but when we started in to build an ironclad navy of the modern
style, we found that we could not roll even the thinnest of modern
armor-plates, and that we could not make a gun that would pierce even
the cheap armor carried by the old-fashioned monitors we had lying
up in ordinary. The opportunity for showing how easy it was to take
advantage of the experiments of other nations was at hand. We had a
book knowledge of everything that had been done abroad, but instead
of starting in with a ship that should excel, or even equal, say, the
_Téméraire_ of the British navy, not to mention the contemporary (in
design) _Edinburgh_, we found we must do a little experimenting and
gain a little experience for ourselves.
[Illustration: The White Squadron in Mid-ocean.
_From a drawing by R. F. Zogbaum._]
We had some shipyards that were supported by the coastwise trade,
and to them we went. The _Chicago_, the _Atlanta_, the _Boston_, and
the _Dolphin_ were the result. Instead of building battle-ships, we
built, for lack of experience, third-rate cruisers. We also concluded
to complete an old monitor or two that for long years had been lying
on the stocks. To do this Rome went to Carthage to buy shields for its
legions--we bought our armor-plate in a foreign market. We had to do it
or go without. The writer remembers the day when we even imported the
bunting of which we made the “gridiron flag”!
[Illustration: U. S. S. _Charleston_, San Diego Harbor.
_From a photograph._]
It was humiliating to go abroad for what we could not make ourselves.
But another statement of the kind must be made, and then the record of
shame ends; for which let us all be sincerely and devoutly thankful.
We went abroad for the plans of one of our largest cruisers--the
_Charleston_.
Let the reader have no misunderstanding about this matter. If war had
been impending it would have been right, and even an imperative duty,
to buy warships fully equipped wherever they could be found. But we
were building a navy in time of peace, and a ship that “could not
get out of her own way,” from our own designers, was better than the
best afloat bought from a foreign land. In the building of the new
navy--in the building of the White Squadron, of which we make boast
in our periodicals--the product was nothing; the building of men was
everything.
It was not without labor and pain that we got the first modern ships
afloat. It was not so much that short-sighted economists interfered,
for a surplus of money was found in the treasury, but the politicians
were numerous and the patriots few. The politician in power must needs
use the new ships to perpetuate his power; he who was out of power
must use them as ferries to get into power. They were extravagantly
praised and extravagantly decried. Time has shown the extravagance in
both directions; but it is the tendency of man to admire his own, and
when the truth is told, these ships are not “the best of their class
afloat,” unless we add the modifying and saving clause “considering
the circumstances under which they were built.” As the product of
apprentices in the art of building modern warships, they are marvels of
excellence. But since they were designed we have learned something.
The _Atlanta_ and _Boston_ were good fourteen-knot cruisers, but there
were faster boats, armed with guns as good as theirs, in Europe.
American policy could not permit such a state of affairs to exist,
and we designed larger and better ones than anything afloat. We laid
down the _New York_. She cost “a whole lot of money,” it is true, but
as we recall the thrill that stirred the nation when the story of her
trial trip was told--when it was told that we had the swiftest and
most powerful cruiser in the world, we are bound to say that twice the
sum invested in any other way by the government could not have given
the nation so great a benefit. It was not that any one was incited to
a point where he wished the nation to go to war. On the contrary, the
_New York_ was an assurance that in our dealings with other peoples we
would “not be influenced, or even be suspected of being influenced, by
a consciousness of weakness on the sea.” Nations are like dogs in this,
that the weaker must needs put his tail between his legs and sneak away
when trouble brews. But, if any one doubts that nations are bullies,
let him consider the names that are given to ships in Europe. With the
_New York_ afloat, the American patriot was so far assured that his
country would not be bullied, and so we should have peace.
[Illustration: The _Columbia_ on her Government Speed Trial.
_From a photograph by Rau._]
The swifter cruisers like the twenty-two-knot _Columbia_ and the
twenty-three-knot _Minneapolis_, and the little cruisers and gunboats
for shoal water, followed the _New York_. In the meantime we were
at work on battle-ships, beginning with the _Maine_ and ending with
the _Iowa_, the _Indiana_, the new _Kearsarge_, and the _Illinois_.
The English author of “Ironclads in Action” compares the _Iowa_ with
the British _Majestic_. It is a most instructive comparison--the
most instructive pages, for an American reader, in the whole of this
valuable work are those devoted to this comparison. For, although
the _Majestic_ is set down with a tonnage of 15,000 and the _Iowa_
with but 11,500, the Yankee ship throws at a broadside 4,532 pounds of
metal (in guns above a twenty-pounder) to the other’s 4,000; she has
an armor belt of fourteen inches to the other’s nine; the armor “upon
the heavy gun positions” is “15-inch in the _Iowa_” to “14-inch in the
_Majestic_”; and she could keep the sea five weeks to the Britisher’s
four. On the other hand, the _Majestic_ has more freeboard, and could
fight in a rougher sea, and she has the hull beneath her quick-firing
guns protected in better fashion. But when it is all summed up, it is
conceded by this English writer that the _Iowa_ is at least a good
match for the bigger _Majestic_.
As was said before, let no mistake be made about this. It is a matter
of the greatest moment when our ship of 11,500 tons is conceded to be a
match for one of 15,000 tons in the best navy of the world--not because
we have the ship, but because we have developed the men who can do that
kind of work and the tools for their use.
[Illustration: Plan of the _Iowa_.]
As many of the readers are aware, the _Iowa_ is by no means the best
battle-ship in the American navy. For instance, in her main battery
she carries four twelve-inch and eight eight-inch breech-loading
rifles, and six four-inch rifles, known as rapid-fire guns, because
they use cartridges on the plan of a revolver or rifle cartridge, and
can therefore be fired in service five or six times a minute. The
new _Kearsarge_ will carry four thirteen-inch and four eight-inch
breech-loading rifles and fourteen five-inch rapid-fire guns. The new
_Illinois_ class will carry four thirteen-inch rifles and fourteen
six-inch rapid-fire guns. The difference in the striking power of the
batteries of the _Iowa_ and the newer ships must be manifest to every
reader. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that the weight of
metal landed, and not the weight of metal thrown, wins the battle.
[Illustration: Plan of the _Constitution_.]
While we were developing shipbuilders we were also developing
gunmakers. For a long time after the war we were contented with
making steel tubes which could be shoved into Dahlgren smooth-bores,
and so convert them into rifles of eight-inch calibre. Such makeshift
work, needless it is to say, served only to drag down the standard
of the American gunmakers. But in 1886 the sum of $2,128,000 was
appropriated for guns--that is, modern rifles. To go into the details
of other modern shipbuilding or modern rifle-making in a history of
this kind is obviously impossible; but we may recall the fact that
the _Monitor’s_ turret was composed of eight layers of one-inch iron
plates, placed so as to break joints, and that the best rifle of that
day, a seven-inch Brooke, firing a solid projectile weighing 150
pounds, was unable to do any material damage to the turret. The first
contracts for gun-forgings and armor-plates of modern construction
were signed in May, 1887--ten years ago. Since that time we have made
the plant for the work, and have turned out armor-plates of steel
eighteen inches thick that are hardened and toughened to a point where
a drill cannot penetrate, and the best projectile, an armor-piercing
projectile, weighing 1,100 pounds and “striking with a force sufficient
to lift 1,000 tons twenty-five feet, crushed in the backing of oak,
but only dented the plate.” The mere statement that our modern rifles
throw projectiles weighing 1,100 pounds, which strike with sufficient
force to lift 1,000 tons twenty-five feet high, tells the story of
the development of the gun. Another exhibit of the progress made is
found in the fact that an eight-inch smooth-bore in the old days threw
a cast-iron projectile, weighing sixty-eight pounds, with a velocity
of 1,579 feet per second at the muzzle of the gun. The energy of the
projectile was estimated at 452 foot-tons. The modern eight-inch rifle
throws a steel bolt weighing 250 pounds, at a muzzle velocity of 2,500
feet per second, with a striking power of 10,830 foot-tons. The old
eight-inch iron shot could not penetrate four inches of iron plates,
while the modern steel bolt penetrates twenty-six inches of wrought
iron. The best thirteen-inch modern rifles have a striking power of
about 35,000 foot-tons and penetrate thirty-four inches of wrought iron.
After an apprenticeship of ten years, the gunmakers and shipbuilders of
the United States have done well enough to entirely satisfy the people
whom they have served. And yet the American navy, in the matter of
ships and guns, is at best the fifth in the world. It is not considered
necessary to the interest of this history to enter into any argument to
show that the American navy should have a higher standing in point of
numbers. But, if the story of the American navy has been written here
as the writer understood it, then it is apparent that the American’s
hope of peace has always rested on the efficiency of a modest number of
ships. We have had peace with the aggressive nations of the earth while
we have had an efficient force afloat, and we have suffered humiliation
when we have neglected our navy. To make the appeal that is likely
to be effective, history shows that it does not pay to try to get on
without a navy. It need not be either the first or even the third in
point of numbers, but it must be first in point of efficiency. To keep
our hands in practice and our tools from rusting and our inventors from
stagnation, we must lay down at least one new ship of the first class
every year. We must not forget that Europe has steadily built new ships
to improve on those with which we have led the way.
While building ships that in general construction were like those
of Europe, the United States has followed its ancient policy of
encouraging inventors by trying what the conservatives call “newfangled
notions.” The success that followed the adoption of “newfangled
notions” like steam power, the screw propeller, and the Ericsson
_Monitor_, has been fully appreciated by the world at large. The
“newfangled Yankee notions,” in fact, kept up the quality of the old
American navy. Since the navy began its rejuvenating career, ten years
ago, three “newfangled” ideas have been tried. One was a steam ram,
pure and simple. It was a ship designed to steam at seventeen knots
per hour, with a ram for its sole weapon of offence, and it was built
solely for harbor defence. Because, in its way, it is a revival of the
porcupine policy, nothing more need be said about it.
[Illustration: The _Vesuvius_.
_From a photograph by Rau._]
Another novelty was what is called the dynamite cruiser _Vesuvius_.
Here is a sea-going torpedo boat armed with three fifteen-inch air-guns
that can throw 400 or 500 pounds of high explosive to a range of a mile
or more with reasonable accuracy. It is not a popular style of warship
with naval officers, and so far as its purpose is for harbor defence,
these officers are entirely right. It is the business of the army,
with its forts and submarine torpedoes, to defend the harbors. For
forts and submarine torpedoes are entirely sufficient for the purpose,
and much more economical than ships adapted only for harbor defence.
Nevertheless, the idea of a dynamite cruiser has not had a fair trial.
The _Vesuvius_ is a very small ship. Her popguns are of a fixed
elevation, the range being determined by varying the pressure of the
air. It is reasonably sure that the defects that have been developed in
trials of her guns and aerial torpedoes might be corrected were she in
the hands of some one thoroughly in earnest in the matter, and that a
cruiser, to fire high explosives accurately and efficiently and safely
by means of compressed air, might be designed. It is also reasonably
certain that, because of the dislike of naval officers generally for
the present craft, no more of the kind will be designed until Uncle Sam
is compelled to “hustle,” if one may be allowed the expression, by the
pressure of actual war. Because coastwise steamers may be readily cut
down, and adapted for the use of this kind of a torpedo in a very few
months, no one is likely to worry about the present failure to build
more dynamite cruisers.
[Illustration: Launching of One of the Holland Boats, the _Holland_, at
Elizabethport, N. J., 1897.
_From a photograph belonging to the John P. Holland Co._]
The third of the “newfangled ideas” is really a very old idea, as
the reader will observe. It is a submarine boat designed to travel
in ordinary circumstances with its back out of water, and yet be
able, when occasion requires, to go underneath altogether. It is the
invention of Mr. John P. Holland, who for many years has been at work
on the cigar-shaped diving-ship idea. The one now building (1897) is
only eighty-five feet long by eleven in diameter--a mere model of what
a ship ought to be, if the idea were to be thoroughly tested. It might,
indeed, be of some use for raising a blockade of the port of New York,
just as smaller vessels were used to damage Union ships off Charleston
in the Civil War. But, as already said over and again, the navy that
the American nation needs is one that will prevent any nation on earth
contemplating a blockade of any American port. However, this is not
to condemn the building of this submarine boat. It was well worth
building, just as the tiny ship in which Ericsson proved his screw
propeller was worth building. Considerable space was given in Volume I
to the doings of the submarine boats in the Revolutionary War because
the building of ships which might be entirely submerged has never been
attempted on a scale that would warrant a fair trial of the idea. There
are many difficulties to be overcome, the chief of which is due to the
fact that the ordinary compass goes wrong altogether when placed in
a diver. It is nevertheless reasonable to suppose that every defect
may be overcome. It is certain that the defects will not be overcome
until a fair trial of the ship is had. Because of certain manifest
advantages in having a ship that can live entirely submerged as well as
when awash, or floating high out of water, there are men who believe
that such ships will eventually become veritable peace-makers. We who
are conservatives call them visionaries, and they reply that men of
our class called Capt. M. C. Perry a visionary in 1839 because he said
he believed that steamships would eventually supersede the gloriously
beautiful frigate of the olden day.
[Illustration: Another One of the Holland Submarine Boats: the
_Plunger_.
(Submerged, with camera lucida tube in position.)
_From a photograph of a drawing belonging to the John P. Holland Co._]
Of the doings of the navy since the Civil War little need be said. We
have had no war with any people, although on two or three occasions
American commanders have been obliged to strip their ships for action
to enforce a decent respect for the American flag. The most notable
instance of this kind was in 1894. The Brazilian navy was then in
revolt against the Brazilian government, and the bay of Rio Janeiro was
held by the rebel squadron. The purpose of the revolt, so far as it
had a purpose outside of the personal feelings of the leaders, was to
restore the monarchy. The insurgents would have been driven into making
peace very quickly but for the fact that the British, in the interests
of trade and politics, were very anxious to have the monarchy restored.
British residents of Rio Janeiro contributed considerable sums of
money to the support of the rebels and served actively as spies on the
government. The senior officer of the British navy present, under the
plea of neutrality, was able to see that the rebel leaders received
all the rights of belligerents, although no nation had accorded these
rights to them. For a time all the foreign warships in port, except the
Germans, sided with the British in this matter. It is a curious fact
that the senior American officer present refused to give protection to
American merchantmen in port when they wished to go to the piers to
discharge their cargoes. The rebel leader, Saldanha de Gama, said he
should fire on any ship going to the piers, and American ships had to
lie out in the bay and wait for the end of the war. Meantime yellow
fever was raging there and many good men lost their lives.
Finally Admiral A. E. K. Benham came to the port. He at once told the
American captains to go to the piers, and he would see that they were
not fired upon--at least that trouble for the rebel fleet should follow
any such move on their part.
Accordingly, on Sunday, January 29, 1894, Captain Blackford, of the
American bark _Amy_, and two other captains, gave notice that they
should haul into the piers with their ships on Monday morning. Admiral
Saldanha de Gama, hearing of this, said officially that he should fire
on the merchantmen if they did so. The rebel squadron was, as a whole,
a worthless collection of old wooden hulks and new coasters armed with
fairly good guns; but there was one good monitor, the _Aquidaban_,
so there was no predicting what the desperate rebel would do. It was
necessary to take de Gama at his word, and so, soon after daylight on
the morning of the 30th, the Yankee squadron cleared for action, while
the little cruiser _Detroit_, Capt. Willard H. Brownson, was sent in
to take a station where she could command the two rebel warships,
_Guanabara_ and _Trajano_, that lay where they could, if so disposed,
riddle the merchant ship _Amy_.
[Illustration: The Harbor of Rio Janeiro, Showing the Frigate
_Savannah_ Struck by a Squall, July 5, 1856.
_From a lithograph._]
When Brownson arrived the _Amy_ began to warp in toward the pier. A
musket was fired from the _Guanabara_, presumably toward one of the
American ships. The _Detroit_ replied with a shot first across the bow
of the offending _Guanabara_, and then with another that struck her. It
was a mere matter of form so far; it was notifying the Brazilians that
the Americans were thoroughly in earnest. But, seeing a couple of tugs
controlled by the rebels getting into position where they might ram the
_Detroit_, Brownson took her in between the big warships where he could
have raked and sunk them, and sunk the tugs at the same time. That
ended the matter.
[Illustration: The Stern and Propeller of the _Nipsic_ after the Samoan
Hurricane.
_From a photograph._]
Saldanha de Gama concluded not to fire on the American flag. Before
night the British, as well as all other foreign merchantmen, were
tumbling over each other, so to speak, in their haste to follow the
Yankee ships to the piers.
Captain Brownson, when a lieutenant on the _Mohican_ in 1870, was
placed in command of a boat’s crew and sent to cut out the steamer
_Forward_, a filibusters’ craft operating on the coast of Mexico. She
was found in a lagoon near San Blas, and her crew made a fight. She
was carried by boarding after a loss of two men killed (including
Master J. M. Wainwright) and six wounded.
Of great contemporary interest were the polar expeditions since the
Civil War, but with the exception of the discoveries on the north coast
of Greenland made by Lieutenant Peary, nothing of historical interest
was accomplished. And mention must also be made of the great gale at
Samoa, when the _Vandalia_ sank and the _Trenton_ and the _Nipsic_
were thrown ashore, for nothing has stirred the hearts of the American
people in recent years as the story of the fortitude of the men who,
with death staring them in the face, sang and played “The Star Spangled
Banner.”
But when all has been told and written about the history of the
American navy since the Civil War, the one significant fact of all is
this: we have from our own resources, mental and material, sent afloat
a White Squadron that, though small in number, is fit to keep the sea
in spite of foul weather or any other foul force.
[Illustration:
The _Eber_.
The _Trenton_.
The Harbor after the Samoan Hurricane.
_From a photograph._]
INDEX
_Abby Bradford_, merchant-ship, capture of, by the _Sumter_, iv. 412;
captured by the frigate _Powhatan_, 413.
_Abellino_, Yankee privateer, captures prizes in the Mediterranean,
iii. 343.
_Acasta_, British gun-boat, attacks the _Constitution_, iii. 260.
Acquia Creek, Potomac River, capture of Confederate forts at, iv. 66,
81–83.
_Active_, British brig, captured by the _Hazard_, i. 206.
_Adams_, American frigate, changed to a corvette, iii. 54;
Captain Charles Morris in command of, 57;
on the coast of Africa, 58;
chased by the _Tigris_, 59;
scurvy on board, 60;
runs on a rock, 61;
attacked on the Penobscot, 62;
burned, _ib._
Adams, Captain H. A., disloyal conduct of, iv. 117.
Adams, John, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.
Adams, Samuel, and the Boston tea-party, i. 12.
_Adelaide_, Federal transport, iv. 100.
_Adeline_, American brig, recaptured from the British, ii. 74.
_Admiral Duff_, British privateer, blown up by the _Protector_, i.
207.
_Adriana_, American brigantine, Ambassador to Holland sails on, iv.
153.
_Adventure_, British ship, burned by Paul Jones, i. 78.
_Africa_, British ship-of-the-line, ii. 55.
Africa, making the coast of, safe for American traders, iii. 340–358.
_Aiken_, Southern revenue cutter, converted into the Confederate
privateer _Petrel_, iv. 93.
_Alabama_, Confederate privateer, off Galveston, iv. 357;
known as _No. 290_, 430;
Captain Semmes appointed to command, 431;
cruises off the Azores, Martinique, Galveston, Cape Town, and the
East Indies, 432–436;
encounters the _Kearsarge_ at Cherbourg, 436;
comparison of their armaments, 437;
the fight, 438–441;
prizes taken by, 447.
_Alabama_ claims, iv. 430.
_Albatross_, Federal gun-boat, passes the batteries of Port Hudson,
iv. 358.
_Albemarle_, Confederate ironclad ram, iv. 456;
laid up at Plymouth, N.C., 457;
blown up by Lieutenant Cushing, 461.
Albemarle Sound, N.C., a Confederate privateer resort, iv. 94.
_Albert Adams_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by the _Sumter_, iv.
415.
Alden, Captain James, iv. 386.
Alden, Commander James, iv. 314.
_Alert_, British corvette, surrenders to the _Essex_, ii. 42;
attempt to rescue from Porter, 43, 44.
_Alert_, British cutter, captures the _Lexington_, i. 119, 120.
Alexander, Captain Charles, i. 66.
_Alexandria_, British frigate, ii. 359.
Alexandria, Red River, Admiral Porter’s squadrons arrive at, iv. 370.
_Alfred_, American flagship, sent to France, i. 130;
captured, 132, 133.
Algerian fleet sent after Yankee merchantmen, iii. 341.
Algerian Navy, strength of the, iii. 344.
Algerian pirates encouraged by England, i. 308, 309.
Algiers, Africa, tribute paid to by the United States, iii. 339;
by England, 340.
Algiers, Dey of, ransom paid to, i. 309, 310;
treatment of Americans by, iii. 340, 341.
Algiers, harbor defences of, iii. 345.
_Allen_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.
Allen, Captain William Henry, ii. 360;
carries the American Minister to France, 361;
sails into the English Channel, _ib._;
captures a wine ship from Portugal, 362, 363;
encounters the _Pelican_, 362–364;
his ship surrendered, 367;
dies in Mill Prison Hospital, 371.
Allen, Lieutenant William Howard, takes charge of the ship, ii. 364;
continues the fight, 367;
killed in an engagement with pirates, iii. 333.
_Alliance_, American frigate, detailed to carry Lafayette home, i.
232;
fouls the _Bonhomme Richard_, 234;
takes a valuable prize, 236;
fires into the _Bonhomme Richard_, 254;
flight of Paul Jones on the, 275;
cruises on the French coast, 297;
narrow escape of, 298;
sails from Havana with specie, _ib._;
attacked by the _Sybille_, 299;
sold, 303.
_Alligator_, American tender, surrendered to the British, iii. 235.
_Alligator_, American schooner, defeats an attack at Cole’s Island,
ii. 419.
Alvarado, Mexican port, Commodore Conner attempts to take, iii. 410;
captured by Lieutenant Charles G. Hunter, 428.
Alwyn, John C., Lieutenant in the _Java_ fight, mortally wounded, ii.
166, 171, 172.
American citizens in foreign countries, iii. 385, 386.
American commerce, English policy toward, i. 306, 307, 384;
protected by Portugal, 307;
menace to, iv. 412.
American cruisers in British waters, i. 112–133.
American flag, first salute given to, i. 69;
designed, 134;
first hoisted, 135;
first saluted by a foreign power, 138;
protected by Portugal, 307;
a shield for an infamous traffic, iii. 361;
a Chinese assault on, 380.
American frontier in 1812, ii. 262.
American Navy, first existence of, i. 1;
founders of, 37;
first ships of, in commission, 39–43;
resolutions of Congress founding it, 41;
first officers and first ships of, 39–43;
origin of the, 1–47;
first cruise of the, 48–62;
first squadron poorly manned and inefficient, 49–53;
along shore in 1776, 63–83;
mismanagement in, 159;
at the time of the Declaration of Independence, 300;
building a new navy, 303;
strength of, at commencement of hostilities with France, 315;
almost extinct, 396;
reduced to a peace footing, 398;
discreditable lack of, ii. 26;
increase of, 356;
development of, from 1815 to 1859, iv. 1–9;
personnel of the, in 1859, 24–26;
number of men who took part with the Southern States, 27;
value of men from Northern ports and the Great Lakes, 36;
a nautical curiosity shop, 37;
ferryboats as naval ships, _ib._;
first great naval expedition of the War of the Rebellion, 168;
modern, sketch of, 523–554;
in 1885, condition of, 523.
American prisoners in England, i. 122;
in Tripoli, 345, 358.
American seamen, impressment of, ii. 18;
courage and skill of, 357.
American sea-power in 1812, ii. 21.
American shipping and French cruisers, i. 314.
American squadron, career of the first, i. 60.
Ammen, Captain Daniel, at Port Royal, iv. 163;
Commander of the _Patapsco_, 480.
_Amphitrite_, American pilot-boat, attacks a French privateer, ii. 34.
_Amy_, American bark, Blackford, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548.
_Anacostia_, Federal screw steamer, at Acquia Creek, iv. 81.
Anarchy in the West Indies and along the Spanish Main, iii. 325.
_Andrea Doria_, brig of first American Navy, i. 39;
in the first naval battle of the Revolution, 58;
ordered to sea, 64;
fight with brig _Racehorse_, 68, 69;
burned, 70.
Andrews, Major W. S. G., Commander of Fort Hatteras, iv. 107.
Anglo-Saxon aggressiveness, iii. 391.
Anglo-Saxon cheer, the, ii. 308.
Angostura, Venezuela, Commodore Perry arrives at, iii. 329.
Anthracite coal used by blockade-runners, iv. 55.
Antonio, Cape, Captain Kearny of the _Enterprise_ captures pirates
near, iii. 331.
_Aquidaban_, Brazilian rebel monitor, iv. 548.
Arbuthnot, Captain James, captured by the _Wasp_, iii. 93–96.
_Arcade_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser
_Sumter_, iv. 415.
_Archer_, captured by Captain Read of the _Tacony_, iv. 424.
_Argus_, American sloop, ii. 360;
carries the American Minister to France, 361;
cruises in the English Channel, _ib._;
too successful for her safety, 362;
encounters _Pelican_, 362, 363;
her sails become unmanageable, 364;
surrenders, 367;
contemporary view of the battle, 369;
taken by a prize crew to Plymouth, 371.
_Argus_, American frigate, captures six prizes, ii. 151.
_Argus_, American cruiser, in the attack on Tripoli, i. 374.
_Ariadne_, British man-of-war, captures the _Alfred_, i. 132, 133.
_Ariel_, American schooner, ii. 292.
_Arkansas_, Confederate ram, skirmish in the Yazoo River, iv. 342,
343;
machinery gets out of order, 343;
attacks Farragut’s squadron, 344.
Arkansas Post, naval force sent to help capture, iv. 351.
_Armada_, British liner, chases the _Wasp_, iii. 92.
Armament and construction of gun-boats, iv. 246.
Armament of battle-ships from 1812 to 1859, iv. 24.
Armor-plated ships, first use of, iv. 9, 10.
Armstrong, Commodore James, surrenders Pensacola Navy Yard to
Confederates, iv. 112;
suspended for five years, 113.
Arnold, Benedict, invades Canada, i. 84;
builds a fleet, 89;
fight on Lake Champlain, 92–94;
character of, as a fighter, 105.
Arsenals established in New York State, ii. 264.
_Asp_, American ship, ii. 352.
_Atalanta_, British brig, surrenders to the _Alliance_, i. 298.
_Atalanta_, British ship, captured by the _Wasp_, iii. 100.
_Atalanta_, British frigate, ii. 16.
_Atlanta_, formerly the _Fingal_, Confederate ironclad, iv. 488;
surrenders to the _Weehawken_, 489.
_Atlanta_, United States cruiser, iv. 533.
_Atlantic_, British letter-of-marque whaler, captured by Porter, iii.
9.
See _Essex, Jr._
Audience, an intensely interested, iii. 152.
_Augusta_, Federal ship, in Port Royal squadron, iv. 172.
_Augusta_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad
_Palmetto State_, iv. 474.
Aulick, Captain James, sent to Japan in 1851, iii. 443;
recalled on false charges, _ib._
_Avon_, British brig-sloop, captured by the _Wasp_ (3), iii. 93–96.
_Aylwin_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.
Bache, Lieutenant G. M., iv. 369.
Badajos, rapacity of English veterans in the streets of, iii. 134.
_Bahama_, British merchant-ship, officers and crew of the _Alabama_
taken in the, to Terceira, iv. 431.
Bahama Islands, a resort for contraband traders in the Civil War, iv.
48.
Bahia, Brazil, Captain Bainbridge paroles his prisoners at, ii. 167,
175.
Bailey, Lieutenant-colonel Joseph, saves Admiral Porter’s squadron,
iv. 371–376;
receives thanks of Congress, 376.
Bailey, Captain Theodorus, at New Orleans, iv. 316;
commands first division of Farragut’s squadron, 324;
sent ashore to deliver Farragut’s letter, 338.
Bainbridge, Captain William, i. 316;
surrenders to the French frigate _Insurgent_, _ib._;
Captain of the _Voluntaire_ refuses to accept his sword, _ib._;
deceives the French officer, 317;
sent to Tripoli in charge of the _Essex_, 335;
chases a Tripolitan corsair, 341;
loses his ship on a reef, 343;
court-martialed, 344;
a prisoner in Tripoli, 345;
communicates with American fleet, 346;
a shot penetrates his prison, 368;
remonstrates with the Navy Department of Madison’s administration,
ii. 26;
cruising in Brazil, 152;
fight with the British frigate _Java_, 153–173;
wounded, 155;
conducts his ship while his wounds are being dressed, 156;
paroles 378 of the _Java’s_ crew, 167;
blows up the _Java_, 173;
his dream realized, 172, 173;
his character illustrated, 177;
insulted at Barcelona, iii. 311–313.
Bainbridge, Midshipman Joseph, his duel with the Secretary of Sir
Alexander Ball, iii. 307–311;
captures a Carthaginian privateer, iii. 65;
attacked and captured by the _Orpheus_ and _Shelburne_, 65, 66.
Baker, Captain Thomas H., iv. 89.
Baldwin, Lieutenant, i. 66.
Ball, Sir Alexander, iii. 307.
_Ballard_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.
Ballard, Midshipman Edward J., ii. 206.
_Baltimore_, American frigate, five men of the, impressed in the
British service, 401.
Bankhead, Captain J. P., at Port Royal, iv. 163.
Banks, General Nathaniel Prentiss, sent on expedition to Shreveport,
La., iv. 368.
_Banshee_, the first steel blockade-runner, iv. 57.
Barbary pirates encouraged by England, i. 307;
war with, 333, 334.
_Barclay_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.
Barclay, Captain Robert H., appears off Erie, ii. 289;
fond of festivities, 291;
misses the American fleet, 292;
opposes Perry, 296;
superiority of his ships, 298;
determines to meet Perry, 302;
awaits the American squadron, 306;
fires the first gun, 308;
surrenders, 324, 326;
loses a second arm in the battle, 330.
Barnard, Captain Tim, iii. 187;
captures nineteen prizes, _ib._
Barney, Captain Joshua, sketch of, i. 209–215;
has command of the clipper-schooner _Rossie_, ii. 245;
captures by, 246–248;
commands a fleet in Chesapeake Bay in 1813, 403;
attacked by the British on the Patuxent River, 403–409;
Captain Samuel Miller and Colonel Wadsworth sent to his assistance,
409, 410;
moves up the Patuxent River, 413;
burns his fleet, 414;
wounded, 416.
Barney, Major William B., acts as aid to his father, ii. 406;
in command of cutter _Scorpion_, 408.
_Barossa_, British frigate, ii. 395.
Barreaut, Captain, chases American ships, i. 316;
recalled by Captain St. Laurent, 317–319.
Barriers on the Mississippi to prevent Farragut’s advance, iv. 320;
broken down by the _Itasca_, 323.
Barron, Captain James, sent to Tripoli in charge of the _President_,
i. 335;
with Stephen Decatur, iii. 318–322;
restored to active service, 323.
Barron, Captain Samuel, sent to Tripoli in charge of the
_Philadelphia_, i. 335.
Barron, Flag Officer Samuel, captured at Fort Hatteras, iv. 106.
Barry, Captain John, i. 39;
commands American brig _Lexington_, 63;
cruises off Virginia capes, 64;
encounters British tender _Edward_, 64;
sinks the _Effingham_, 188;
captures and destroys the schooner _Alert_, 189, 190;
appointed to the _Raleigh_, _ib._;
chases the Unicorn, 191;
loses the _Raleigh_, 194.
Bashaw of Tripoli, treachery of, i. 335, 336;
refuses to make a treaty, 340;
agrees to give up prisoners, 378.
Bassett, Lieutenant F. S., opinion of Commodore Hopkins, i. 61.
Batteaux, travelling in, ii. 263.
Battle of Bunker Hill, i. 26;
Champlain, 92–111;
of Fort Pillow, iv. 298;
of Grand Gulf, 367;
of Lake Erie, ii. 309–325;
of Lexington, i. 14;
of Memphis, iv. 298–307;
of New Orleans (in the Civil War), 326–340;
of Pittsburg Landing, 284.
Baton Rouge surrenders to Captain Craven of the _Brooklyn_, iv. 340.
_Baudara de Sangare_, a private vessel, captured by the _Shark_, iii.
332.
Baury, Lieutenant Frederick, iii. 81.
Bay Point. See _Fort Beauregard_.
Bazely, Lieutenant John, captures the _Lexington_, i. 119, 120.
_Beagle_, American ship, captures Cape Cruz, iii. 334.
_Beaufort_, Confederate gun-boat, takes crew off the _Congress_ after
she surrenders to the _Merrimac_, iv. 208.
_Beauregard_, Confederate ram, attacks the _Queen of the West_ at
Fort Pillow, iv. 301;
rammed and sunk by the _Monarch_, 302.
Bell, Henry H., iv. 314.
Belligerent ships, rules and orders regarding, issued by British
Government, iv. 411.
Belligerents, rights of, iv. 86.
Belmont, on the Mississippi, battle at, iv. 251;
the Confederates compel Grant to retreat, 252.
_Belvidera_, British frigate, encounters the _President_, ii. 29;
escapes, 32.
_Ben. Dunning_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate
cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.
Benham, Admiral A. E. K.,
prompt action of, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548.
Bentham, Commander George, attacks the _General Armstrong_ in the
harbor of Fayal, iii. 187–199;
sets fire to the _Armstrong_, 200.
_Benton_ snag-boat, converted by Eads into an armored vessel, iv.
246–249.
_Benton_, Porter’s flagship before Vicksburg, iv. 363.
_Benton_, Federal gun-boat, Lieutenant-commander J. A. Greer, iv. 369.
_Berceau_, French frigate, fights with the _Boston_, i. 328;
returned to France, 330.
Beresford, Captain John Poer, recaptures the _Frolic_ from the
_Wasp_, ii. 118.
Berkeley, British minister at Washington, recalled and promoted, ii.
2.
Bermudas a basis for contraband trade during the Civil War, iv. 48.
_Betsey_, British bark, captured by Captain Alexander, i. 66.
Biddle, Captain Nicholas, i. 64;
commands the _Randolph_, 160;
attacks the _Yarmouth_, 162.
Biddle, James, Lieutenant on the _Wasp_ (No. 2), ii. 111;
leads the boarders, _ib._;
hauls down the flag of the _Frolic_, 112;
appointed to command the _Hornet_, iii. 272;
commands the _Macedonian_, 331;
sent to the Pacific Coast, 401;
sent to Japan to negotiate a treaty of peace, 440.
_Bienville_, Federal ship, in Port Royal squadron, iv. 172.
_Black Hawk_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.
_Black Prince_, purchased by Naval Committee, i. 39.
Black Rock, near Buffalo, Lieutenant Elliott establishes a navy yard
at, ii. 273.
_Black Snake_, British gun-boat, iii. 126.
Blake, Captain H. C., iv. 432.
Blakely, Master-commandant Johnston, ii. 375;
fights with the _Reindeer_ and the _Avon_, iii. 85–96;
captures the _Atalanta_, 100;
lost with his ship, 103.
Blockade-runner, legal status of, iv. 57, 58.
Blockade-runners, chiefly in the hands of the British, iv. 48;
reckless loading of, 61;
profits of, 63, 64.
Blockading the Southern ports, iv. 28–30;
no force available to blockade at the beginning of the war, 32;
lack of ships and men, 34;
Congress slow to appreciate the need of a navy, 35.
“Blood is thicker than water,” iii. 381, 382.
Blythe, Captain Samuel, attacks the _Enterprise_, ii. 375;
killed, 379;
buried at Portland, 385.
Board of Admiralty, i. 158.
Boggs, Commander Charles S., iv. 314.
_Bolton_, American bomb-brig, i. 56.
_Bonhomme Richard_, American ship, i. 227;
origin of the name, 228;
fitted out by Jones, 229;
mixed crew of, 230;
Richard Dale as master’s mate on, _ib._;
the _Alliance_ runs foul of, 234;
accident to, 235;
meets the _Serapis_, 243;
fight with the _Serapis_, 245–259;
comparative strength of the two ships, 265;
after the surrender, 269–272;
sinking of the ship, 272.
_Bonita_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.
_Bonne Citoyenne_, British war-ship, blockaded in the harbor of
Bahia, ii. 179;
cowardice of Captain Greene, 180.
_Borer_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.
_Boston_, American frigate, i. 286, 287.
_Boston_, American ship, fights the _Berceau_, Captain Senez, i. 328,
329.
Boston Port Bill, i. 13.
Boston, tea destroyed in harbor of, i. 13;
press-gang riots in, 395.
_Boston_, United States cruiser, iv. 533.
Boutelle, Mr., of the Federal Coast Survey, replaces the buoys at
Port Royal, iv. 171.
Bowling Green, Kentucky, Confederate position at, untenable after
surrender of Fort Henry, iv. 266.
_Boxer_, British brig, attacks the _Enterprise_, ii. 375;
surrenders, 379;
crew of, 382;
decision of the British court on the loss of the, 384.
_Bragg_, Confederate ship, captured at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.
Breckenridge, General, attacks the Federal forces at Baton Rouge, iv.
344.
Breese, Lieutenant-commander K. R., iv. 369.
Breeze, Chaplain, on the _Lawrence_ in the battle of Lake Erie, ii.
317.
British Government, attitude of the, toward African pirates, iii. 340.
British grab at the Valley of the Mississippi, iii. 229, 230.
British merchants and the American war, i. 112.
British Navy in American waters, i. 195.
British waters, rights of belligerents in, iv. 411.
Brock, Sir Isaac, his view of the English possession of America, ii.
279.
_Broke_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.
Broke, Captain Philip Vere, Commodore British squadron, ii. 55;
challenges Lawrence of the _Chesapeake_ to fight, “ship to ship,”
ii. 203, 204;
boards the _Chesapeake_, 214;
is wounded, 217;
becomes delirious, 221, 225;
made a baronet, 226;
death of, 229.
Brooke, Lieutenant John M., assigned to assist in designing an
ironclad, iv. 184.
_Brooklyn_, screw sloop, iv. 314.
_Brooklyn_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 386.
Brown, Lieutenant George, iv. 389.
Brown, Captain Isaac N., iv. 342;
skirmish with the Federal fleet in the Yazoo River, _ib._;
attacks Farragut’s squadron, 344;
supports Breckenridge at Baton Rouge, _ib._
Brown, Lieutenant James, ii. 217.
Browne, Lieutenant G. W., iv. 370.
Brownson, Captain Willard H., at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548;
on the coast of Mexico, 553.
Bruinsburg, Federal army crosses from, to Grand Gulf, iv. 364.
Bryant, Captain N. C., before Fort Pillow, iv. 290.
Buchanan, Flag Officer Franklin, iv. 188;
his difficulty in finding a crew, 195;
wounded, 210;
his report of the fight, _ib._;
Confederate fleet of, at Mobile, 380;
sends the _Tennessee_ into action, 399;
wounded, 402.
Budd, Lieutenant George, ii. 206, 218.
Bullock, Commander James D., supervises construction of the
_Alabama_, iv. 430.
Bunker Hill, battle of, i. 26.
_Bunker Hill_, American privateer, ii. 394.
Burleton, Admiral Sir George, chases the _Hornet_, iii. 282.
Burnside, General A. E., sent to capture Roanoke Island, iv. 109.
_Burrows_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.
Burrows, Lieutenant William, appointed to command the _Enterprise_,
ii. 375;
encounters the _Boxer_, 375–377;
is mortally wounded, 377;
receives the surrender of the _Boxer_, 379.
Bushnell, David, invents first American submarine torpedo boat, i.
164;
sketch of his life, 180–184.
Butler, General Benjamin F., sent to attack the forts on Hatteras
Islands, iv. 100;
his report at, 107;
occupies New Orleans, 338, 339;
his plan for blowing up Fort Fisher, 508–510.
_Byron_, Captain of, chased by the _President_, ii. 29–32.
_Cabot_, brig of first American Navy, i. 39;
commanded by Captain Elisha Hinman, i. 66;
fired by her captain, 163.
_Cairo_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245;
Captain N. C. Bryant commands, 290;
runs by torpedoes in the Yazoo River expedition, iv. 350.
Calbreth, Peter, one of the capturers of the _Margaretta_, i. 17.
Caldwell, Lieutenant C. H. B., iv. 314;
breaks barriers across the Mississippi, 323.
_Caleb Cushing_, Federal revenue cutter, cut out and burnt by the
_Archer_, iv. 424.
_Caledonia_, British brig, captured by Lieutenant Elliott, ii. 279.
California, a bone of contention between Americans and English, in
1842, iii. 387, 388;
operations that insured the acquisition of, iii. 387, 388.
Canada invaded by American troops, i. 84;
annexation of, agitated in 1812, ii. 20;
invasions of, for resenting British aggressions, ii. 263.
Canning, British prime minister, diplomacy of, in regard to the
_Chesapeake_ affair, ii. 1.
Canton, China, American fleet sent to, to protect American interests,
iii. 380.
Cape Cruz, South America, a pirate resort captured by the
_Greyhound_ and _Beagle_, iii. 334.
Carden, Captain John Surnam, i. 389;
cruel treatment of sailors, _ib._;
cruises in the Azores, ii. 121;
falls in with the _United States_, 122;
fight with, 125–134;
Decatur refuses to receive his sword, 139.
Caribbean Sea a nest for pirates, iii. 326.
Carleton, Sir Guy, his supplies captured by Paul Jones, i. 79;
confidence of, 85;
his fleet at St. John’s, 87;
fight on Lake Champlain, 92–94.
_Carleton_, British schooner, ii. 100.
_Carnation_, British brig, attacks the _General Armstrong_ in the
neutral port of Fayal, Azores, iii. 187–200.
Caroband Bank, South America, fight between the _Hornet_ and
_Peacock_ near, ii. 181.
_Caroline_, American schooner, attacks the British camp at Villeré’s
Plantation on the Mississippi, iii. 239;
is fired and abandoned, 240.
Carondelet, James B. Eads’s shipyard at, iv. 243.
_Carondelet_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245,
369;
goes aground outside Fort Henry, 265;
gets free, 266;
shells Fort Donelson, 268, 271;
disabled before Fort Donelson, 271;
gun bursts on, 272;
in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, 363.
Carronades, description and value of, ii. 36–38.
Carronades (short guns) out of use, iii. 141.
Carrying trade of the Mediterranean, England’s tribute to the Dey of
Algiers for, iii. 340;
after the War of 1812, _ib._
Cassin, Lieutenant Stephen, iii. 139.
_Castilian_, English brig-sloop, iii. 93.
_Catherine_, British ship, captured by Lieutenant Downes, iii. 10.
Cat-o’-ninetails used to enforce orders on British ships, i. 389.
_Catskill_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480.
_Cayuga_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 314.
_Centipede_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.
_Centipede_, British launch, ii. 398;
sunk, 400.
Ceremonies connected with first American fleet, i. 44–46.
_Ceres_, British man-of-war, captures the _Alfred_, i. 132, 133.
Chads, Lieutenant, in the fight with the _Constitution_, takes
command when Captain Lambert is mortally wounded, ii. 165.
Champlain, Lake, naval battle on, i. 92–100;
reflections on the battle, 105–111.
Champlin, Stephen, in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 326;
fires the last shot of the battle, 327.
Chandeleur Islands, the British forces arrive at, to attack New
Orleans, iii. 230.
Chaplin, Lieutenant J. C., attacks the forts at Acquia Creek, iv. 82.
Charles City, Ark., attack on, by Federal gun-boats and an Indiana
regiment, iv. 307.
_Charleston_, United States cruiser, plans of, imported, iv. 531.
Charleston, S. C., defences of, iv. 467;
bombardment of, iv. 480–502.
_Charlton_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 14.
_Charwell_, British brig, iii. 110.
Chase, Major W. H., and Colonel Lomax, capture the Pensacola Navy
Yard, iv. 112.
_Chasseur_, Baltimore clipper, attacks the _St. Lawrence_, British
war-schooner, iii. 204.
_Chatsworth_, American brigantine, slave-ship captured by Lieutenant
Foote, iii. 366.
Chauncey, Commodore Isaac, appointed to command the forces on the
Great Lakes, ii. 270;
attacks Kingston, _ib._;
attacks Toronto, 341;
attacks Fort George, 342;
returns to Sackett’s Harbor, 348;
makes another assault on Toronto, 349;
Sir James Yeo’s squadron appears, _ib._;
jockeying for position, 350;
Chauncey opens fire, 351;
returns to the attack, 352;
misses the great opportunity of his life, 353;
operations of, on Lake Ontario, iii. 113–129.
_Cherub_, British war-ship, accompanies the _Phœbe_ in the attack on
the _Essex_, iii. 25.
_Chesapeake_, American frigate, built, i. 312.
_Chesapeake_, Lawrence appointed to command of, ii. 197;
her crew, 198;
the ship reputed to be unlucky, 199;
is fitted out for a voyage to intercept British ships, 200;
is blockaded by the _Shannon_ in Boston Harbor, 203;
goes out to meet the _Shannon_, 1813, 204;
crew mutinous, 205;
closes down on the _Shannon_, 206;
the battle, 209;
the _Chesapeake_ is boarded, 214;
hand-to-hand fight, 217;
the ship is captured, 221;
taken to Halifax, 222;
comparison of the two ships, 229.
_Chickasaw_, Federal monitor, iv. 386.
_Chickasaw_, Federal gun-boat, shells Fort Gaines, and compels it to
surrender, iv. 405.
_Chicora_, Confederate ironclad, built at Charleston, iv. 473;
fires on the _Keystone State_ and captures her, 475.
_Chillicothe_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.
Chinese assault on the American flag, a, iii. 380.
Chinese war of 1856, American interests involved in, and fleet sent
to protect them, iii. 379–382.
_Chippeway_, British schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 297.
_Chubb_, British ship, disabled and surrenders to Macdonough, iii.
156.
_Chubb_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.
_Cincinnati_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245;
flagship of Commodore Foote before Fort Henry, 261;
Captain R. N. Stembel commands, 289;
throws the first shell into Fort Pillow, 293;
attacked by Confederate rains, _ib._;
the _Mound City_ goes to the rescue of, 294;
sinks, _ib._
_Circassian_, blockade-runner, captured off Havana by the Fulton
ferryboat _Somerset_, iv. 37.
Civilization promoted by Anglo-Saxon aggressiveness, iii. 391.
_Clarence_, merchant-ship, captured by Captain Maffitt, of the
cruiser _Florida_, iv. 424;
placed under command of Lieutenant Read, _ib._;
burnt, _ib._
Coaling stations, need of, by Federal war-ships in Southern waters,
iv. 161.
Cocke, Captain W. H., iii. 333;
fired on and killed by a Porto Rican fort, _ib._
Collier, Sir Ralph, K. C. B., iii. 260.
Collins, Captain Napoleon, at Port Royal, iv. 163;
commanding the _Wachusett_, captures the _Florida_ in Bahia Harbor,
iv. 424.
“Colonial Navy,” distinguished from temporary cruisers, i. 28, 29.
_Colorado_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15.
_Columbia_, American frigate, attacks and bombards the Malay town of
Quallah Battoo, iii. 375–379.
_Columbia_, United States cruiser, iv. 534.
Columbiad, description of, iv. 119.
_Columbus_, successful cruise of Captain Whipple in the, i. 66.
_Columbus_, American ship-of-the-line, sent to Japan, iii. 440.
Columbus, Ky., Confederate position at, becomes untenable after
surrender of Fort Henry, iv. 266.
Columbus, on the Mississippi, Confederates evacuate, iv. 275.
_Comet_, American privateer, ii. 252.
Commander-in-chief of the Navy, title held by Commodore Hopkins only,
i. 62.
_Condor_, blockade-runner, wreck of, at Fort Fisher, iv. 511.
_Conestoga_, merchant-vessel, purchased by Commander Rodgers, iv. 241;
Captain Phelps appointed to command, 251.
_Confederacy_, American frigate, i. 287.
_Confederacy_, American packet, captured by the English, i. 298.
_Confiance_, British frigate, iii. 142;
flagship of Captain Downie in the battle of Lake Champlain, 153;
disabled and surrendered to the _Saratoga_, 165.
_Congress_, American galley, i. 89;
Arnold’s, flagship, 99;
covers retreat at Crown Point, 104;
burned by Arnold, 105.
_Congress_, American frigate, built, i. 312;
opens fire on the ironclad _Merrimac_ in Hampton Roads, iv. 200;
grounded, 207;
two Confederate gun-boats open fire on her, _ib._;
Lieutenant Pendergrast surrendered her to the _Merrimac_, 208;
hot shot fired at her by the _Merrimac_, 209;
her magazine explodes, 215.
Connecticut troops desert, i. 30.
Conner, Commodore David, lands a force at Point Isabel, iii. 409;
his fleet not fitted for shallow waters, 410;
his conduct of the seige of Vera Cruz, 418.
Connyngham, Captain Gustavus, i. 123;
captures prizes on the French coast, 124;
commission taken from him, 125;
takes command of the _Revenge_, 126;
his ship injured, 127;
refits in English port, 128;
gets provisions in an Irish port, _ib._;
sails for America, _ib._;
denounced as a pirate, 129;
cruel treatment of, in English prison, _ib._
_Constellation_, American frigate, built, i. 312;
Captain Thomas Truxton commands, 316, 319;
battle with French frigate _Insurgent_, 320;
discipline on board of, 322, 323;
battle with French frigate _Vengeance_, 323–325;
Captain Charles Gordon appointed to command in Decatur’s fleet,
iii. 343.
_Constitution_, United States frigate, built, i. 312;
flagship in the attack on Tripoli, 367;
called a “pine box” by Englishmen, 380;
Captain Isaac Hull disputes with the Captain of the British warship
_Havana_, ii. 13, 14;
is chased by two frigates, _ib._;
ship prepares for action, _ib._;
frigates retreat, 16;
her escape from a British squadron, 53–69;
“a bunch of pine boards,” 73;
fight with _Guerrière_, 76–95;
comparative strength of the two ships, 96;
return to Boston, 101;
cruising off Brazil, 152;
falls in with the _Java_, 153, 155–173;
attempt of the _Java_ to board, 158;
the London _Times_ on the victory, 176;
Lawrence applies for the command of, 197;
laid up at Boston, iii. 241;
goes to sea again, 242;
captures the war-schooner _Picton_, _ib._;
falls in with the British frigate _La Pique_, _ib._;
the British ship runs away, 243;
is chased by the _Junon_ and _Tenedos_, 244;
returns to Boston, 245;
captures the _Lord Nelson_, _ib._;
chases the _Elizabeth_ and captures the _Susan_, _ib._;
is chased by the _Elizabeth_ and _Tiber_, 246;
fight with the _Cyane_ and _Levant_, 247–256;
sails to Porto Praya, 260;
attacked by three British frigates, 261;
her fighting days over, 268;
plan of, iv. 537.
Continental Congress, effect on the, of the British vengeance on
Portland, i. 26.
Continental Naval Board, i. 158.
Contraband trade in the Civil War, iv. 48–52.
Cooke, Captain. See _Albemarle_.
_Coquette_, American merchant schooner, plundered by the Porto Rico
privateer _Palmira_, iii. 332.
Cornwallis, Lieutenant-general Lord, released from imprisonment in
exchange for Henry Laurens, iv. 154.
Corpus Christi, Texas, captured by Farragut, iv. 357.
_Cossack_, Federal transport, iv. 478.
Cottineau, Captain Denis Nicholas, i. 232.
Cotton-mills of the world shut down during the War of the Rebellion,
iv. 47.
_Countess of Scarborough_ attacks Paul Jones’s fleet off Flamborough
Head, i. 243;
surrender to the _Pallas_, 267.
_Couronne_, French ironclad, witnesses the _Alabama-Kearsarge_ fight,
iv. 438.
Couthouy, Lieutenant S. P., iv. 369.
Cox, William, midshipman on the _Chesapeake_, ii. 206.
Coxetter, Captain Louis M., iv. 91–93.
Craighead’s Point, shells thrown into Fort Pillow from, iv. 290.
Craney Island, Captain Tattnall fires and blows up the _Merrimac_ on,
iv. 236–237.
Craven, Captain Thomas Tunis, iv. 314;
sinks with his ship, 394.
Craven, Commander T. A. M., iv. 386.
Crawford, William H., American minister to France, ii. 361.
_Cricket_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.
Crosby, Lieutenant Pierce, iv. 315.
Crown Point, retreat of Benedict Arnold to, i. 103;
account of the roads and distances to, from New York, 109.
Crowninshield, George, Jr., privateersman, brings home the bodies of
Captain Lawrence and Lieutenant Ludlow, ii. 225.
_Croyable_, French gun-ship, captured off the Delaware, and renamed
the _Retaliation_, i. 316, 400.
Cruisers, Confederate, tales of the, iv. 407–451.
_Cuba_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser
_Sumter_, iv. 415.
_Cumberland_, Federal sailing sloop-of-war, opens fire on the
ironclad _Merrimac_, iv. 200;
is rammed by the _Merrimac_, 201;
in a sinking condition, 202;
continues firing as she goes down, 203.
Cumberland Head, Plattsburg Bay, Macdonough’s squadron at, iii. 149.
Dabney, John B., American consul at Fayal, iii. 187;
his report on the fight between the _Carnation_ and the _General
Armstrong_, 195, 196, 198–201.
Dacres, Captain James Richard, ii. 55;
surrenders to Captain Hull, 94.
Dahlgren, Rear-admiral John Adolph, his smooth-bore gun introduced,
iv. 489.
Dahlgren, Admiral John A. B., relieves Dupont of his command, iv. 489.
Dale, Commodore Richard, master’s mate on _Lexington_, i. 68;
escape of, from English prison, 123;
joins Paul Jones’s fleet, 230;
resourceful conduct of, 256, 260–262;
wounded, 266;
gallant conduct on the _Trumbull_, 295–297;
placed in command of squadron in the Mediterranean, 334.
Dartmoor Prison, Rev. Joseph Bates imprisoned in, iii. 294.
_Dartmouth_, merchant-ship, tea thrown from, in Boston Harbor, i. 13.
_Dash_, privateer of Baltimore, captures schooner _Whiting_ in
Chesapeake Bay, ii. 241.
_Dauphin_, American ship, captured by Algerian pirates, i. 309.
Dauphin Island, Mobile, iv. 379;
Federal troops landed on, 385.
“Davids,” torpedo boats, first used at Charleston, iv. 497;
derivation of name, 498.
Davis, Captain Charles, relieves Commodore Foote, iv. 289;
his inactivity, 293.
Davis, Captain Charles H., replaces the buoys at Port Royal, iv. 171.
Davis, Jefferson, proclamation inviting applications for letters of
marque, iv. 85.
Davis, Gunner’s Mate John, heroism of, iv. 110;
promoted and honored, 111.
Davyson, Captain Thomas, surrenders to the _Providence_, i. 282, 283.
Dead Sea, exploration of the, iii. 464.
_Deane_, American frigate, with the _Boston_, captures six prizes, i.
284, 287.
Deane, Silas, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36;
American commissioner to France with Franklin, i. 117.
De Camp, Commander John, iv. 314.
_Decatur_, American privateer, throws her guns overboard, ii. 75.
Decatur, Lieutenant James, in the attack on the city of Tripoli, i.
361;
killed by the Tripolitans, 362.
Decatur, Lieutenant Stephen, Jr., i. 346;
captures the _Mastico_, _ib._;
sails on the _Mastico_ to set fire to the _Philadelphia_, 348–361;
made a captain, 358;
in the attack on the city of Tripoli, 361;
his encounter with a Tripolitan captain, 363, 364;
falls in with the British ships _Eurydice_ and _Atalanta_, ii. 16;
cruises in the Azores in the _United States_, 121;
encounters the _Macedonian_, 122;
fights the second frigate battle of the War of 1812, 125–134;
his personal direction of the guns, 128;
surrender of the British frigate, 133;
ball given to Decatur and his officers in New York, 149;
gold medal given by Congress to, 150;
transferred to the _President_, iii. 212;
ordered to cruise in the East Indies, 215;
chased by the British fleet, 216;
lightens his ship, 217;
addresses his crew, 218;
attempts to retreat, 221;
ordered to cruise in the South Atlantic, 271;
his duelling experiences, 307–315;
his fatal duel with Commodore Barron, 318–321;
his death, 322;
a squadron under his command sent to Africa, 343;
his treaty with the Dey, 347–355;
compels the Dey to pay indemnity, 355;
goes to Tripoli and compels the Bashaw to settle, 357.
_Deerhound_, English yacht, witnesses the _Alabama-Kearsarge_ fight
off Cherbourg, France, iv. 438;
assists in picking up the crew of the _Alabama_, 441.
_Defence_, Connecticut cruiser, captures two transports, i. 203, 204.
_Defiance_, Confederate ironclad, abandoned by her crew at New
Orleans, iv. 337.
De Gama, Saldanha, Brazilian rebel admiral, iv. 548.
_De Kalb_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, first
called the _St. Louis_, iv. 245;
takes part in capture of Arkansas Post, iv. 351.
_Delaware_, United States frigate, i. 316.
_Demologos_, Fulton’s first steam war-ship, iv. 4, 11.
Desertions from British ships, i. 394.
_De Soto_, Federal boat, added to Ellet’s command, iv. 351;
burned, 352.
_Detroit_, American brig, captured by the British, ii. 274;
recaptured by Lieutenant Elliott, 276;
runs aground on Squaw Island, 278;
British again capture her, _ib._;
the Americans destroy her, 279.
_Detroit_, United States cruiser, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548;
fires on the _Guanabara_, 553.
_Diadem_, British frigate, strength and armament of, iv. 23.
Diamond Reef, near Cape Hatteras, iv. 165.
Dickenson, Captain James, attacks the _Hornet_, iii. 273;
is killed in the fight, 276.
_Diligence_, British schooner, sent to capture Captain Jeremiah
O’Brien, i. 23.
_Diligent_, English brig, surrenders to the _Providence_, i. 282, 283.
Discipline on board American frigate _Constellation_, i. 322.
Discord fomented by England between the States of the Union, i. 384.
_Divided We Fall_, American privateer, ii. 253.
_Dixie_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93.
_Dolphin_, American cutter, purchased by Franklin and other
commissioners, i. 117.
_Dolphin_, American privateer, ii. 242.
_Dolphin_, United States cruiser, iv. 531.
Donaldson, Commander Edward, iv. 389;
of the _Sciota_, 315.
“Don’t tread on me,” the significant motto, i. 2, 46.
Douglas, Hon. Captain George, iii. 247;
surrenders, 255.
Douglas, Lord Howard, his views on armor-clad ships, iv. 198.
Downes, Lieutenant John, sent on a cruise in the _Georgiana_, iii. 10;
captures by, 10, 11;
in the _Essex-Phœbe_ fight, 28;
is appointed to command the _Epervier_, 1815, 343;
attacks and overpowers the Malays at Quallah Battoo, 373, 374.
Downes, Commander John, iv. 480.
Downie, Captain George, iii. 144, 145;
at the battle of Lake Champlain, 153, 154;
killed, 165.
Drayton, Captain Percival, at Port Royal, iv. 163;
Captain of the _Hartford_, 386;
of the _Passaic_, 480.
Drayton, General Thomas F., at Port Royal, iv. 170.
_Druid_, British brig, attacked by the _Raleigh_, i. 131, 132.
_Drummond_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.
_Drummond_, British schooner, captured by Chauncey at Lake George,
ii. 353.
Drunkenness and debauchery promoted by gun-boats, ii. 394.
_D. Trowbridge_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by the _Sumter_,
iv. 415.
_Dublin_, British frigate, cruises off Callas, iii. 389.
_Duc de Lauzan_, American frigate, i. 287, 299.
Duckworth, Admiral Sir John T., on the cartel of the _Alert_, ii. 47.
Duddingstone, Lieutenant William, i. 4;
shot, 10.
Duelling in the American Navy, iii. 305–323;
at Gibraltar, 313, 314.
_Duke of Gloucester_, British ship captured by Americans at Toronto,
burned at the attack on Fort George, ii. 346.
Dummy monitor sent adrift by Porter’s men, iv. 357.
Dunmore, Lord, in Chesapeake Bay, i. 35.
Dunovant, Colonel R. M., at Fort Beauregard, iv. 170.
Dupont, Commander Samuel Francis, spikes the guns of San Blas, iii.
402;
takes command of a fleet to take possession of Port Royal, iv. 163.
Dynamite cruisers, construction of, iv. 542.
Eads, James B., ship-builder, takes a contract to build seven
ironclad gun-boats, iv. 242–244;
construction of, described, 245, 246;
Eads and Ericsson, 244.
_Eagle_, American sloop, in Macdonough’s squadron, ii. 354;
sunk by the British in the Sorel River, 355.
_Eagle_, American sloop, iii. 136, 138.
Earle, Commodore, attempts to capture the _Oneida_ and destroy
Sackett’s Harbor, ii. 266, 268.
_Eastport_, Confederate river steamer, captured by Lieutenant Phelps,
iv. 267.
_Eastport_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.
_Eben Dodge_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser
_Sumter_, iv. 415.
_Eclipse_, American merchant-ship, attacked and looted by Malays,
iii. 374–376.
_Edinburgh Review_ on the treatment of America by Great Britain, i.
384.
_Edwin_, American merchant-brig, captured by the Dey of Algiers, iii.
341, 351.
_Effingham_, American frigate, sunk, i. 188.
_Eliza_, merchant-schooner, David Porter’s first ship, ii. 33.
_Elizabeth_, British schooner, captured by Porter, iii. 4.
Ellet, Colonel Charles, Jr., converts seven river steamers into rams
on the Ohio River, iv. 298;
his part in the attack on Fort Pillow, 301.
Ellet, Colonel Charles R., sent by Porter to control the Mississippi
between Vicksburg and Port Hudson, iv. 351.
Elliott, Lieutenant Jesse D., sent to Buffalo to purchase vessels,
ii. 273;
capture of the _Detroit_, 276, 278, 279;
in command of the _Niagara_, 292;
brings up the gun-boats, 322;
criticized for inactivity, 335, 336;
acts as second to Commodore Barron in his duel with Decatur, iii.
319;
commands the _Ontario_ in an expedition against the Dey of Algiers
in 1815, 343.
Elliptical route plan condemned by Admiral Porter, iv. 101.
_Emily St. Pierre_, British merchant-ship, seized by United States
cruiser _James Adger_, iv. 58;
recaptured by her captain, _ib._
_Enchantress_, merchant-schooner, captured by Confederate privateer
_Jefferson Davis_, iv. 91.
_Endymion_, British frigate, attacks the _Prince de Neufchâtel_,
American privateer, iii. 202;
is defeated, 203;
assists in the capture of the _President_, 222.
England, greed of, in dealings with her colonies, i. 4;
tries to crush the new republic, 314.
English Navy of 1812 in American waters, ii. 25.
English officers offended by names given to Yankee ships, iii. 313.
English seaman in 1812, ii. 25.
Ensign, naval, first American, i. 46.
_Enterprise_, American brig, sent to South America to put down
piracy, iii. 331.
_Enterprise_, American schooner, captures the French privateer
_Seine_, i. 330;
sent to Tripoli in charge of Lieutenant Andrew Sterrett, 335;
battle with the war polacre _Tripoli_, 335;
the luckiest, naval ship of the War of 1812, ii. 372;
captures eight privateers, 373;
cruises in the Mediterranean, _ib._;
captures the _Tripoli_ and the ketch _Mastico_, _ib._;
changed to a brig and overloaded with guns, 374;
drives off English privateers under command of Master-commandant
Johnston Blakely, 375;
Lieutenant William Burrows takes charge of her, _ib._;
cruises for privateers, _ib._;
encounters the _Boxer_, _ib._;
her commander wounded, and Lieutenant McCall takes his place, 377,
378;
the _Boxer_ surrenders, 379;
after the battle Master-commandant James Renshaw appointed to
command, 386;
cruises off the southern coast, _ib._;
escapes from a British frigate, _ib._;
employed as harbor guard, 387.
_Enterprise_, American sloop, i. 89.
_Epervier_, British brig-sloop, captured by the _Peacock_, iii. 66–71;
taken into Savannah by Lieutenant John B. Nicholson, 76–78.
_Epervier_, American ship, lost at sea, iii. 354.
_Era_, Confederate steamer, captured by Federal fleet, iv. 352.
Erben, Captain Henry, at Fort Pillow, iv. 289.
_Ericsson_, a name given to the first monitor, iv. 215.
Ericsson, John, Swedish engineer, his screw propeller, iv. 10;
his boat the _Francis B. Ogden_, _ib._;
induced to come to America, 11;
plans the first screw steamship, 12;
Naval Board makes a contract with, for the _Monitor_, 191.
Erie, Pa., chosen as base of operations for gaining control of Lake
Erie, ii. 282;
ship-building at, 286.
_Espiègle_, British war-brig, chased by Captain Lawrence of the
_Hornet_, ii. 181;
again chased after sinking the _Peacock_, 190.
_Essex_, American frigate, sent to Tripoli, i. 335.
_Essex_, American frigate, ii. 33;
first cruise in War of 1812, 34–50;
British frigate _Minerva_ refuses to fight with, 39–41;
captures the _Alert_, 41–43;
crew of _Alert_ plan a rescue, 44;
chased by the _Shannon_, 47;
Farragut’s account of the crew, 49;
begins her second cruise, Oct. 8, 1812, iii. 1;
cruises off Port Praya, 2;
captures the brig _Nocton_, 2, 3;
dysentery among the crew, 4;
panic on board, 6;
painted and disguised, 8;
captures British whalers, _ib._;
refitted from the captured ships, 9;
captures the _Atlantic_ and the _Greenwich_, _ib._;
captures the _Charlton_, 13;
goes into the harbor of Nukahiva to refit, 18–21;
an incipient mutiny on, 21;
attacked by the _Phœbe_ and _Cherub_, 24–43;
losses of, 44;
sent to England to be added to the British Navy, 48;
her captures, 52;
amount of damage done to the enemy, _ib._
_Essex_, Federal armor-plated gun-boat, iv. 249;
in the battle of Port Henry, _ib._;
disabled, 262;
Flag Officer Foote’s warning to his crews about wasting shot, 261;
Commander Robert Townsend, 369.
_Essex Junior_, formerly the British whaler _Atlantic_, iii. 12;
in the fight between the _Phœbe_ and _Cherub_ against the _Essex_,
33–43;
is disarmed and sent to New York, 49.
_Estido_, Algerian brig, captured near Cape Palos by the American
Navy, iii. 348.
_Eurydice_, British frigate, ii. 16.
Evans, Surgeon Amos E., ii. 168.
_Experiment_, British frigate, captures the _Raleigh_, i. 194.
_Experiment_, American schooner, i. 330.
Exploring expeditions of the American Navy, iii. 464.
“Export powder,” an inferior quality of gunpowder, ii. 368.
_Fair American_, British brig, driven ashore by the _Hyder Ali_, i.
215.
Fairfax, Lieutenant D. M., takes Mason and Slidell off the _Trent_,
iv. 144–146.
Fairfax, Commander D. M., iv. 480.
Falcon, Captain Thomas Gordon, chased by the _Constitution_, iii. 247;
surrenders, 252.
Falmouth (now called Portland), Maine, attacked by British, i. 24–26,
32.
_Fame_, privateer of Salem, ii. 241.
_Fanny_, successful blockade-runner, iv. 63.
Farragut, Commodore David Glasgow, midshipman on the _Essex_, ii. 40;
his wit saves a rescue of the _Alert_ by her crew, 44;
his account of the crew of the _Essex_, 49;
as captain when only twelve years old, iii. 12, 13;
resumes his studies at Nukahiva, 19–21;
his account of the fight of the _Essex_ with the _Phœbe_ and
_Cherub_, 40–42;
in his home at Norfolk, Va., 1862, awaiting orders, iv. 311;
a member of the Naval Retiring Board, 313;
suggested by Porter as a suitable commander of the New Orleans
expedition, 313;
accepts the position, 314;
ships in his squadron, 314, 315;
disguises his ships, 317;
advances past the barriers, 324–330;
demands surrender of New Orleans from Mayor Monroe, 338;
pressed by the Administration to open up the Mississippi, 341;
his bold cruise practically fruitless, 342;
his fortune in the Gulf of Mexico, 357;
runs his squadron past the works of Port Hudson, _ib._;
captures Galveston and Corpus Christi, _ib._;
losses in his fleet, 358;
watches Confederates strengthen their works at Mobile, 384;
moves his fleet up to Fort Morgan, 389;
commences the battle, 392;
disregards the torpedoes, 396;
lashed to the mast, _ib._;
wins the battle when the _Tennessee_ surrenders, 403;
in his report gives special praise to members of his fleet, _ib._;
his place in history, 465.
Faunce, Captain John, iv. 99.
Federal Government, its great aim to strangle and starve the
Confederates, iv. 239.
Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, Porter visits and communicates with
Bainbridge at, iii. 3;
Captain Semmes allowed to make his headquarters there, iv. 527.
Ferryboats as successful naval ships, iv. 37.
_Finch_, British gun-boat, iii. 143;
disabled in the battle of Lake Champlain, 161.
_Fingal_, Scotch iron steamer, erected into a Confederate ironclad,
iv. 486;
renamed the _Atlanta_, 488.
Fitch, Colonel, attacks Charles City, Ark., iv. 307;
storms and captures it, 308.
Flag. See _American Flag_.
_Flag_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad
_Palmetto State_, iv. 474.
_Flambeau_, French privateer, captured by the _Enterprise_, ii. 373.
Flamborough Head, naval fight between the _Serapis_ and _Bonhomme
Richard_ near, i: 243.
Flannen Islands, the _Alliance_, of Paul Jones’s fleet, captures a
valuable prize off the coast of, i. 236.
Flores, General José Maria, paroled by Commodore Stockton, iii. 397;
breaks his parole, _ib._
_Florida_, Confederate cruiser built at Liverpool, iv. 416;
her first voyages, 417;
Captain John Newland Maffitt appointed to command of, 418;
is fired at by Captain Preble of the _Winona_, 419;
escapes, _ib._;
blockaded by the _Cuyler_, 420;
runs the blockade, 423;
Captain Charles M. Morris appointed to command of, 424;
rammed by the _Wachusett_ and taken to the United States, _ib._;
scuttled at Newport News, 429.
_Fly_, schooner of first American Navy, i. 40.
Foote, Admiral Andrew Hull, Lieutenant on the American brig _Perry_,
sent to Africa to assist in putting down the slave traffic,
iii. 363;
his sincere desire to stop the traffic, 364;
captures the slave-ships _Martha_ and _Chatsworth_, 364–366;
the “original prohibitionist of the navy,” 367;
is sent to Canton to protect American interests, 380;
is fired on by the Chinese forts, _ib._;
bombards and captures the forts, 380, 381;
relieves Commander John Rodgers of his command on the Mississippi,
iv. 250;
assembles a fleet at Paducah, 255;
inspects the crews, 256;
seeming insolence of Captain Walke to, 266;
joins the expedition to Fort Donelson, 268;
is seriously wounded, 271;
again, 272;
is relieved by Captain Charles H. Davis, 289.
_Forest Queen_, Federal army transport, in Porter’s fleet before
Vicksburg, iv. 364.
Fort Beauregard, on Bay Point, Charleston, S. C., Confederate fort
at Port Royal, iv. 169, 467.
Fort Donelson, strength of, iv. 268;
arrival of the _Carondelet_, _ib._;
the _St. Louis_, _Louisville_, and _Pittsburg_ arrive before, 271;
all three ships disabled, _ib._;
the fleet at a disadvantage, 272;
surrendered to General Grant, _ib._
Fort Erie, the Coney Island of Buffalo, ii. 273.
Fort Fisher, N. C., capture of, iv. 503–518;
fortifications of, 505;
General Butler’s plan of capture, 508–514;
garrison of, 514.
Fort Gaines shelled by Federal gun-boat _Chickasaw_, iv. 405.
Fort George attacked by the Americans under Winfield Scott, ii.
342–344;
Scott hauls down the British flag, 344.
Fort Gregg, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.
Fort Henry, Tennessee River, Foote assembles a fleet at Paducah to
attack, iv. 255;
troops under Grant proceed up the river, _ib._;
storm clears the river of torpedoes, 256;
attacked by Foote’s fleet, 261–266;
a victory for the gun-boats, 266;
its importance to both armies, _ib._
_Fort Hindman_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.
Fort Jackson, Confederate fortification on the Mississippi, iv. 318;
bombardment of, 322–324;
surrendered to Porter, 339.
Fort Johnson, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.
Fort Morgan, iv. 385, 386, 389.
Fort Moultrie, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.
Fort Pillow, Federal fleet advances to, iv. 289;
evacuated by Confederates, 298.
Fort Pinckney, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.
Fort Ripley, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.
Fort Sumter, five monitors open fire on, iv. 491;
bombarded and reduced to a wreck, 493.
Fort Wagner, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467, 469, 490.
Fort Walker, on Hilton Head, Confederate fort at Port Royal, iv. 169.
Fortress Monroe, the _Monitor_ retires to, after the fight with the
_Merrimac_, iv. 226.
_Forward_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.
_Forward_, filibuster craft, cut out by Lieutenant Brownson of the
United States frigate _Mohican_, iv. 553.
Foster, Lieutenant-commander J. P., iv. 369.
Foster, General John G., Captain Flusser appeals to him to go and
burn the Confederate ironclad _Albemarle_, iv. 454.
Fox, Augustus V., appointed assistant to Gideon Welles, Secretary of
the Navy, iv. 35.
_Fox_, Captain W. H. Cocke, iii. 333.
Foxardo affair, the unfortunate, iii. 337, 338.
France, United States Government abrogates all treaties with, July 7,
1798, i. 314.
_Francis B. Ogden_, Ericsson’s model boat, attains speed of ten miles
an hour, iv. 10;
Captain Stockton makes a trip on, _ib._
Franklin sails for France on the _Reprisal_, i. 114.
Franklin, Sir John, American expedition sent to search for the
remains of, iii. 464.
_Franklin_, American schooner, captures ten vessels and Governor
Wright of St. John’s, i. 203;
captures a quantity of war supplies, _ib._
_Freeborn_, Federal steamer, at Acquia Creek, iv. 81.
“Free trade” before “sailors’ rights,” the motto of Washington
politicians in 1812, ii. 18.
_Freely_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93.
Frémont, John C. (“the Pathfinder”), takes possession of San Diego,
iii. 394;
commands in the Mississippi Valley, iv. 241.
French cruisers destroy American shipping, i. 314.
French troops enter Mexico, iv. 367.
_Friendship_, American ship, attacked and looted by natives of
Sumatra, iii. 368.
_Frolic_, American sloop, built at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1814, iii.
64;
Master-commandant Joseph Bainbridge appointed to, 65:
sinks a Carthagenian privateer, _ib._;
encounters the British frigate _Orpheus_ and schooner _Shelburne_,
_ib._;
surrenders, 66.
_Frolic_, British brig, encountered by the _Wasp_, ii. 106;
captured by the _Wasp_, 107–112;
comparison between the ships, 116;
recaptured by the _Poictiers_, 118.
Frontier posts retained by England contrary to treaty, i. 383;
posts used as Indian headquarters, _ib._
Fry, Captain Joseph, capture of, iv. 308;
captured and executed by the Spaniards in the _Virginius_
expedition, _ib._
Fulton ferryboat _Somerset_ captures the blockade-runner _Circassian_
off Havana, iv. 37.
Fulton, naval plans of, iv. 3, 4;
his first steam war-ship, the _Demologos_, 4;
report of commissioners appointed to examine her, 7, 8;
blown to pieces, 9.
_Fulton 2d_, launched in 1887, iv. 11.
Gadsden, Christopher, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.
_Gaines_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 380.
_Galatea_, British frigate, chased by the _Congress_ and _President_,
ii. 151.
_Galena_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.
_Gallinipper_, American barge, captures a pirate schooner, iii. 335.
Galveston, Texas, blockaded by the _South Carolina_, iv. 44;
bombarded by Captain James Alden of the Federal frigate _South
Carolina_, 121;
the foreign consuls protest against the bombardment, 123;
captured by Farragut, 357;
is retaken by the Confederates, _ib._
Gamble, Lieutenant Peter, killed in the battle of Lake Champlain,
iii. 157.
_Gaspé_, captured by men armed with paving-stones, i. 9.
_Gazelle_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.
Geisinger, Midshipman David, placed in charge of the captured ship
_Atlanta_, iii. 100.
_General Armstrong_, American privateer schooner, iii. 186;
owned by New York men, _ib._;
under Captain Tim Barnard captures nineteen prizes, 187;
sails from New York under command of Captain Samuel C. Reid, _ib._;
arrives at Fayal and encounters the _Carnation_, _Plantagenet_, and
_Rota_, _ib._;
is attacked by boats from the three ships, but beats them off, 189;
scuttled and abandoned by her crew, 200.
_General Bragg_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Cincinnati_ at Fort
Pillow, iv. 293;
raked by the _Carondelet_, 294;
surrenders, 302.
_General Monk_, British ship, attacked and captured by the _Hyder
Ali_, i. 209–215.
_General Pike_, American ship, burned at the attack on Fort George,
ii. 346.
_General Price_, Federal ram, in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv.
364.
_General Rusk_, Confederate steamer, blockaded in Galveston by the
Federal frigate _Santee_, iv. 137.
_Georgiana_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.
Gerdes, F. H., Federal coast surveyor at New Orleans, iv. 322.
German troops hired by England to fight in America, i. 32.
Ghent, terms and conditions of the treaty of, iii. 209.
Gherardi, Commander Bancroft, iv. 389.
_Gibraltar_, formerly the _Sumter_. See _Sumter_.
Gibraltar, duels between American and English officers at, iii.
311–313.
Gillis, Captain John P., iv. 99;
of the _Seminole_ at Port Royal, 163.
_Glasgow_, British sloop-of-war, fight with Commodore Hopkins’s
American squadron, i. 59.
_Globe_, American privateer, ii. 250.
“God Save the King,” American sailors on British ships compelled to
bare their heads when played, i. 394, iii. 291.
Godon, Captain S. W., at Port Royal, iv. 163.
_Golden Rocket_, captured by the _Sumter_, iv. 410.
Goldsborough, Flag Officer L. M., in charge of expedition sent
against Roanoke Island, iv. 109;
in charge of a large fleet sent to ram the _Merrimac_, 235.
Gordon’s Landing, Red River, fort at, attacked by Ellet, iv. 352.
Gorringe, Master H. H., iv. 370.
_Governor_, Federal transport, sinks off Cape Hatteras, iv. 166.
_Governor Tompkins_, American privateer, ii. 253.
_Governor Tryon_, British sloop, attacked by and strikes to the
American privateer _Thorn_, i. 209.
_Grampus_, American schooner, in fleet sent to punish pirates in
South America, iii. 331;
captures the _Pandrita_, 332.
Grand Gulf, Porter attacks fortifications of, and finds them
evacuated, iv. 367;
Grant makes it his base of supplies, _ib._
Grant, General Ulysses Simpson, attempts to dislodge Confederates
below Cairo, iv. 251;
attacks the Confederates at Belmont, 251, 252;
proceeds up the Tennessee, to attack Fort Henry, 255;
muddy roads prevents his taking part in the capture of the fort,
266;
at Fort Donelson, 268;
Captain Walker diverts the Confederates’ attention from him, 271;
Confederates surrender to him, 272;
fight with Confederates at Pittsburg Landing, 284;
arrives before Vicksburg, 351;
goes to New Carthage to surround Vicksburg, 363;
makes Grand Gulf his base of supplies, 367.
_Granville_, French privateer, in the fleet of Paul Jones, i. 234.
Graves, Admiral, destroys Portland, Maine, i. 24–26.
Grease as a protection on armor-plated ships, iv. 10.
Great Britain, sea-power of, in 1812, ii. 22;
European nations dread the power of, 23.
Greene, Lieutenant Charles H., iv. 386.
Greene, Captain P. B., blockaded in Bahia Harbor, ii. 179;
refuses Lawrence’s challenge, _ib._;
cowardice of, 180;
rescued by the _Montagu_, _ib._
Greene, Lieutenant S. D., executive officer of the _Monitor_, iv. 216;
takes charge of the guns in the turret, 219, 220;
takes command after Worden is disabled, 226;
his statement, 229, 230;
orders regarding the _Merrimac_, 235.
Greenpoint, Brooklyn, N. Y., the _Monitor_ constructed at, iv. 192.
_Greenwich_, British letter-of-marque whaler, captured by Porter,
iii. 9.
Greer, Lieutenant-commander James A., before Vicksburg, iv. 363, 369.
_Greyhound_, Captain John Porter, iii. 333.
_Growler_, American schooner, captured by the British, ii. 351;
recaptured by the Americans, 351.
_Growler_, American sloop, in Macdonough’s squadron, ii. 354;
grounded in the Sorel River, 355.
_Growler_, American sloop, iii. 135, 138.
_Guanabara_, Brazilian rebel warship at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548;
fired on by the United States cruiser _Detroit_, 553.
_Guerrière_, American frigate, built in 1814, iii. 64;
Decatur’s flagship in expedition sent against the Dey of Algiers,
346, 347.
_Guerrière_, British frigate, picking sailors from American ships,
ii. 6;
flees from an inferior force, 7;
stops the _Spitfire_, and takes off John Deguyo, an American
citizen, _ib._;
race with the _Constitution_, 55;
Captain Dacres in charge of, 55–60;
fight with the _Constitution_, 76–95;
surrendered and blown up, 95.
Gun-boats, the ideal navy, ii. 388;
description and build of, 389;
arguments in favor of, 390;
cheapness of, 392;
points against, _ib._;
cost of, 393;
difficulty of getting unanimity of captains in battle, 394;
lack of discipline on gun-boats, _ib._;
use of, in Long Island Sound, 395;
first encounter with gun-boats, _ib._;
uselessness again shown, 416.
Gunners of 1812 and 1861 compared, iv. 419.
Gunpowder, expedients for getting, by the United Colonies, i. 28.
Guns, penetrating power of long and short, iii. 142;
improvements made in, iv. 18–23.
Gwin, Lieutenant, supports Grant at Pittsburg Landing, iv. 284.
Hacker, Captain Hoysted, i. 79, 282, 283.
Haggerty, Captain F. L., at Port Royal, iv. 163.
_Halifax_, British war-ship, i. 406, 407.
Hallock, Captain William, i. 66.
Hambleton, Purser on the _Lawrence_ in the battle of Lake Erie, ii.
317.
_Hamilton_, American schooner, ii. 350.
Hamilton, Schuyler, suggests cutting through the trees of swamp from
the Mississippi to New Madrid, iv. 281.
Hampton Roads, the first point blockaded in the Civil War, iv. 40;
_Keystone State_ blockades, 45.
Hanchett, Captain, ii. 398.
Handy, Captain Robert, misunderstands signals, iv. 133, 134;
letter to Captain Pope, showing his fear of the _Manassas_, 136.
_Hannah_, a Providence packet, chased by the _Gaspé_, i. 5.
Harding, Captain Seth, surrenders to the _Orpheus_ and _Roebuck_, i.
298.
_Harriet Lane_, American revenue cutter, used as a war-ship, iv. 42;
Captain John Faunce, 99.
_Harriet Lane_, Federal frigate, captured in the Gulf of Mexico, iv.
357.
Harrison, Lieutenant Napoleon B., iv. 314.
_Hartford_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16;
flagship of Captain Farragut, 314;
set on fire by Confederate fire-raft, 329;
passes the batteries at Port Hudson, 358;
flagship of Rear-admiral Farragut, 386.
Hatteras, Cape, battle between the _Wasp_ and the _Frolic_ in the
tail of a gale off, ii. 107.
Hatteras, Fort, captured by Federal forces, iv. 106;
the first Union victory in the War of Secession, _ib._
Hatteras hurricane, a fleet of transports in a, iv. 166.
Hatteras Inlet, N. C., resort of the “Hatteras Pirates,” iv. 97.
_Hatteras_, merchant-steamer, captured and sunk by the _Alabama_ at
Galveston, iv. 432.
_Hawke_, American tender, captured by British off Long Island, i. 56.
Hawkins, Captain Richard, refuses to fight the _Essex_, ii. 39–41;
branded as a coward, 40.
Haymakers, Machias, attack of the, on the _Margaretta_, i. 21.
Haymakers and wood-choppers as Yankee seamen, iii. 82, 83, 86, 90, 95.
_Hazard_, American privateer, captured the British brig _Active_, i.
206.
Hazard, Captain, in the first naval battle of the Revolution, i. 57.
_Hebrus_, British frigate, ii. 420.
_Hector_, British letter-of-marque ship, captured by Lieutenant
Downes, iii. 10.
Heddart, Captain Francis, extracts from his account of the
_Serapis_-_Bonhomme Richard_ battle, i. 245, 257.
Henley, Midshipman John D., assists in the attack on the city of
Tripoli, i. 366.
_Henry Clay_, Federal army transport, in Porter’s fleet before
Vicksburg, iv. 364;
catches fire and sinks, _ib._
Hewes, Joseph, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.
_Hibernia_, British transport, captured by Captain Hopkins, i. 281.
Hickman, on the Mississippi, evacuated by the Confederates, iv. 275.
_Highflyer_, British schooner, Captain Rodgers succeeds in getting
private signals from, ii. 23, 358.
Hillyar, Captain James, in the harbor of Valparaiso, iii. 25;
attempts to attack the _Essex_, but is scared off, 26;
attacks the _Essex_ in company with the _Cherub_, 30–43;
criticism on handling his ship, 46.
Hilton Head. See _Fort Walker_.
Hinman, Captain Elisha, i. 66;
sent to France for army supplies, 130;
his ship captured by the British, 133.
Hislop, Lieutenant-general, Governor of Bombay, on board the _Java_
in her fight with the _Constitution_, ii. 168;
Captain Bainbridge’s curious dream of, 172, 173.
Hoel, Lieutenant W. R., iv. 363, 370.
Hoffman, Lieutenant B. V., sent to take charge of the _Cyane_ when
she surrendered, iii. 252.
Hoke, General, advances on Plymouth, N. C., and captures it, iv. 455,
456.
Holdup, Thomas, in the battle of Lake Erie, chases and captures the
_Chippewa_ and _Little Belt_, ii. 326.
_Holland_, torpedo boat, launching of, iv. 543.
Holland, John P., inventor of submarine torpedo boats, iv. 542.
Honor, American Medal of, origin of, iv. 111.
Hope, Lieutenant David, horrible cruelty of, to sailors, i. 389;
wounded on the _Macedonian_, ii. 140;
his report on gunnery practice, 143.
Hopkins, Esek, Commander-in-chief of first American fleet, i. 42;
career of, 48;
dismissed from the service, 61;
dies near Providence, R. I., _ib._
Hopkins, Captain John Burrows, in command of the _Cabot_, i. 57.
Hopkins, Commodore Robert, receives his appointment through influence
of John Adams, i. 49;
sent to Chesapeake Bay in search of Lord Dunmore, 53;
goes to the Bahamas instead and attacks the British there, _ib._
Hopkins, Stephen, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.
_Hornet_, sloop of first American Navy, i. 40.
_Hornet_, American sloop-of-war, blockades the British warship _Bonne
Citoyenne_ in Bahia Harbor, ii. 179;
raises the blockade on the approach of the _Montagu_, 180;
captures the _Resolution_, 181;
falls in with the _Peacock_, _ib._;
fight with the _Peacock_, 182–184;
encounters the _Penguin_, iii. 273;
the _Penguin_ surrenders, 274–280;
the _Hornet_ chased by the _Cornwallis_, but escapes, 282–284;
Captain Robert Henley appointed to command, 330;
detailed to South America to destroy pirates, 331.
Horses, wild, as weapons of offence, iii. 401.
_Housatonic_, Federal war-ship, attacked by the Confederate ironclad
_Palmetto State_, iv. 474.
Howard, Lieutenant Samuel, iv. 370.
Howe, Captain Tyringham, i. 59.
Huger, Captain Thomas B., at New Orleans, iv. 321;
mortally wounded, 332.
Hull, Lieutenant Isaac, cuts the privateer _Sandwich_ out of Puerto
Plata, i. 329;
tricky conduct of the officers of two British frigates to, ii. 15;
the frigates turn and retreat, 16;
his opinion of the crew of the _Constitution_, 52;
his escape from a British squadron, after standing at his post for
two days, 53–69;
race with the _Guerrière_, 55;
fight with and capture of the _Guerrière_, 76–95;
reception on returning to Boston, 101;
Congress votes a gold medal to, 103.
Humphreys, Joshua, American ship-builder, statement of, in regard to
new ships, i. 311;
his theories accepted, 312.
Hunt, William H., Secretary of the Navy, appoints a board of naval
officers, with Rear-admiral Rodgers at its head, iv. 527.
_Hunter_, American ship, captured by the _Peacock_, ii. 191;
taken in charge by the _Hornet_, _ib._
_Hunter_, British ship, attacked by privateers, i. 200.
_Hunter_, British brig, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 296.
_Hussar_, Austrian war-ship, Martin Koszta, an American citizen taken
and detained on, iii. 385;
on demand of Captain Ingraham of the _St. Louis_ is given up, _ib._
Hutter, Midshipman, killed while assisting the Union wounded out of
the _Congress_, iv. 209.
_Hyder Ali_, American privateer, Captain Joshua Barney, attacks and
captures the _General Monk_, i. 212–215.
_Illinois_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534, 536.
Impressment, feeling of American seamen regarding the practice of,
ii. 18.
_Independence_, American privateer, Commander Thomas Truxton, cuts
out three big ships from the British fleet, i. 205.
_Indian Chief_, Confederate ship, iv. 499.
_Indiana_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534.
_Indianola_, Federal armored gun-boat, in attack on Port Hudson, iv.
352;
captured and sunk by the Confederates, _ib._
Indians, friendship of, cultivated by England to injure United
States, i. 383;
incited by British to attack pioneers, _ib._
Ingraham, Captain Duncan Nathaniel, demands the surrender of Martin
Koszta, an American citizen detained on the Austrian war-ship
_Hussar_, iii. 385;
medal presented to him by Congress, 386.
Inland navy an imperative necessity to reach the heart of the
Confederacy, iv. 241.
Inman, Lieutenant William, chases and captures a pirate schooner,
iii. 335.
_Insurgent_, French frigate, Captain Barreaut, captures the American
ship _Retaliation_, i. 316;
battle with the _Constellation_, 320–322;
surrenders, 321;
lost at sea, 330.
International law, a question of violation of, iv. 160.
_Intrepid_, formerly the _Mastico_, used as a fire-ship at the attack
on Tripoli, i. 371;
explodes, 378.
_Investigator_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate
cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.
_Iowa_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534, 536.
Ironclad warfare, superior activity of the Confederates in preparing
for, iv. 184.
Ironclads, the Confederate Government the first to construct, iv. 185;
the _Merrimac_ launched, 188;
Congress makes appropriation for construction of, 190;
dilatory action of Naval Board in making contracts for, 191;
first battle between, 220.
_Iroquois_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16.
_Iroquois_, Federal screw corvette, iv. 314.
Irving, Washington, on Perry’s victory on Lake Erie, ii. 338.
_Isaac Smith_, Federal war-ship, in the Port Royal fleet, iv. 164.
Island No. 10, strongly fortified by the Confederates, iv. 275;
Foote’s flotilla arrives in front of, 276;
capture of, delayed two weeks by Foote, 281;
Captain Walke successfully runs the gauntlet of batteries on, 282,
283;
the island captured, 283, 289;
has disappeared under action of the current, 284.
Isle-aux-Noix, British fort at, iii. 136, 139.
Isle St. Mary, Paul Jones lands on and surrounds the house of the
Earl of Selkirk, i. 147, 148.
_Itasca_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 314;
breaks down barriers placed across the Mississippi, 323;
Lieutenant-commander George Brown, 389.
_Ivy_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.
James, Reuben, seaman, saves Decatur’s life, i. 364.
_James Adger_, American cruiser, captures the _Emily St. Pierre_, iv.
58;
the latter recaptured, _ib._
_Jamestown_, Confederate warship, captures several prizes in sight of
the _Monitor_, iv. 235.
Japan, condition of, in the sixteenth century, iii. 438;
experience with Christianity, _ib._;
Dutch trading at Nagasaki, _ib._;
introduction of Western civilization by the American fleet, 439;
Commodore M. C. Perry’s work in opening the ports of Japan, _ib._;
appointed to the Japan mission, 443;
Commodore Perry’s exhibition of power and dignity wins the respect
of, 444.
_Jason_, British transport, captured by Captain Hopkins, i. 281.
_Java_, British frigate, fight with the _Constitution_ off the coast
of Brazil, 155–173;
poor gunnery of, 157;
a complete wreck in sixty-five minutes, 162;
losses of, 169.
_Jefferson_, American brig, iii. 113.
_Jefferson Davis_, Confederate privateer, captures the _John Welsh_,
_Enchantress_, _S. J. Waring_, iv. 91;
_Mary Goodell_ and _Mary E. Thompson_, 92;
runs aground at St. Augustine and is lost, 93.
Jenkins, Captain Thornton A., iv. 386.
_Jersey_, the notorious prison-ship, sketch of, i. 221–226.
_John Adams_, Perry’s flagship on his cruise to South America, iii.
327.
_John Welsh_, merchant-brig, captured by Confederate privateer
_Jefferson Davis_, iv. 91.
Johnson, Captain Henry, in charge of brig _Lexington_, sent to
Europe, i. 117.
Johnson, Captain J. D., succeeds Admiral Buchanan on the _Tennessee_,
iv. 402;
surrenders his ship to Captain Le Roy, of the Federal steamer
_Ossipee_, 403.
Jones, Captain Jacob, encounters the _Frolic_ in a gale, ii. 106;
captures the _Frolic_, 107–117;
surrenders the _Wasp_ and the _Frolic_ to the frigate _Poictiers_,
118, 119;
rewarded with a gold medal from Congress, 119;
given command of the frigate _Macedonian_, 119, 143.
_Jones_, American brig, iii. 113.