distinguished by the pale creamy white color of the ground-color of the
wings, and by the fact that the submarginal spots on the under side of
the fore wings form, as in _P. rutulus_, a continuous band. Expanse
3.50-4.00 inches.
The caterpillar feeds on _Rhamnus californicus_ and other plants. The
insect ranges from Mexico to British Columbia and eastward to Colorado.
[Illustration: PL. CXVIII]
(5) _Papilio daunus_ Boisduval, Plate CXVIII, ♂ (The Two-tailed
Swallow-tail).
This fine insect is even larger than _P. turnus_, which it somewhat
resembles, but from which it can at once be distinguished by the two
tails on the hind wings, followed by a lobe at the anal angle. Expanse
4.00-5.25 inches.
Found in the region of the Rocky Mountains from Idaho south to Mexico,
but not found west of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges in California.
[Illustration: PL. CXIX]
(6) _Papilio pilumnus_ Boisduval, Plate CXIX, ♂ (The Three-tailed
Swallow-tail).
Easily recognized from our figure. The lobe at the anal angle is so
much produced as to give the hind wing the appearance of having three
tails. Expanse 3.80-4.30 inches.
A Mexican species which occasionally is found in Arizona. It is one of
the most beautiful species of the group to which it belongs and is rare
in collections.
[Illustration: PL. CXX]
(7) _Papilio cresphontes_ Cramer, Plate CXX, ♀ (The Giant Swallow-tail).
One of the largest and most showy species of the genus found in our
territory. The caterpillar feeds upon _Ptelea_, _Xanthoxylon_, and
_Citrus_. It has a wide range from southern Ontario to Florida and
through the Mississippi Valley to Mexico. Expanse 3.75-5.50 inches.
[Illustration: PL. CXXI]
(8) _Papilio Troilus_ Linnæus, Plate CXXI, ♂ (The Spice-bush
Swallow-tail).
The caterpillar, which is green, with two big eye-spots on the back
a little behind the head, lives on the foliage of the sassafras and
spice-wood, where it folds together a leaf, in which it conceals itself
from view during the daytime, coming out to feed at night. The insect
is found throughout the eastern United States and the Mississippi
Valley, wherever its food-plant occurs. Expanse 3.75-4.25 inches.
[Illustration: PL. CXXII]
(9) _Papilio palamedes_ Drury, Plate CXXII, ♂ (The Magnolia
Swallow-tail). (See next page.)
The upper side of this fine insect is well shown on our plate; the
under side is prevalently yellow. The larva feeds on the foliage of
_Magnolia glauca_ and the _Lauraceæ_. Expanse 3.50-4.50 inches.
Ranges from southern Virginia near the coast to the extreme southern
end of Florida and westward to southern Missouri and eastern Texas.
[Illustration: PL. CXXIII]
(10) _Papilio polyxenes_ Fabricius, Plate CXXIII, ♂ (The Eastern
Swallow-tail). (See next page.)
This butterfly and the three which follow belong to a group of the
genus which in England is represented by _P. machaon_ of the fens of
Cambridgeshire and Norfolk. There are many species evidently derived in
past time from common stock, which are found in America, and the writer
believes that the original centre of dispersion was this continent,
and that the English Swallow-tail represents the most western range of
the migration, which probably began in Tertiary times, when the horse,
the camel, and other North American animals passed over into Asia and
became subsequently extinct in the land of their origin. _P. machaon_
still exists in Alaska as the variety _P. aliaska_ Scudder.
_P. polyxenes_, more commonly known by its later name _P. asterius_,
or _P. asterias_, is found all over the Atlantic States and the
Mississippi Valley. The caterpillar feeds upon umbelliferous plants,
and is very partial to fennel. Expanse 2.75-3.25 inches.
[Illustration: PL. CXXIV]
(11) _Papilio brevicauda_ Saunders, Plate CXXIV, ♀ (The Newfoundland
Swallow-tail).
There are two forms, one found on Anticosti, in which the spots on the
upper side of the wings are bright yellow, the other in which they are
more or less red in color. The latter form is common in Newfoundland,
and is shown in the Plate. Closely related to _P. polyxenes_, but with
shorter tails. Expanse 2.75-3.00 inches.
[Illustration: PL. CXXV]
(12) _Papilio indra_ Reakirt, Plate CXXV, ♂ (The Mountain Swallow-tail).
The resemblance to _P. polyxenes_ is marked, but it will be observed
that the tails have undergone even greater reduction in length than in
_P. brevicauda_, and that the band of yellow spots traversing the wings
has been reduced in width. Expanse 2.50-2.75 inches.
Found on the high mountains of Colorado, Nevada, and California.
[Illustration: PL. CXXVI]
(13) _Papilio zelicaon_ Boisduval, Plate CXXVI, ♂ (The Western
Swallow-tail).
In many respects like _P. polyxenes_, but having the median bands of
yellow greatly widened, until on the hind wing the band covers almost
the entire basal half of the wing. Expanse 2.75-3.25 inches.
Ranges from Vancouver Island to Arizona and eastward as far as
Colorado.
(_Note._ The name _zolicaon_, often given by authors, must be replaced
by the original name _zelicaon_.)
[Illustration: PL. CXXVII]
(14) _Papilio philenor_ Linnæus, Plate CXXVII, ♂ (The Pipe-vine
Swallow-tail).
The caterpillar feeds upon the foliage of _Aristolochia sipho_, or
the “Dutchman’s Pipe,” a plant extensively grown about verandas and
porches, and native to the Allegheny Mountains. It also eats the leaves
of _Aristolochia serpentaria_, a smaller plant of the same genus. The
wings have an expanse of 3.75-4.25 inches.
The range is from Massachusetts to California and south into Mexico.
[Illustration: PL. CXXVIII]
(15) _Papilio polydamas_ Linnæus, Plate CXXVIII, ♂ (The Reef
Butterfly). (See Plate on p. 198.)
This is the sole representant in our fauna of a great group of splendid
butterflies peculiar to the tropics of the New World, which are true
papilionids, but without tails, their wings generally of some shade of
green, and wonderfully adorned with spots of other colors, generally
yellow or crimson. It may easily be recognized from our figure.
Expanse 3.00-3.50 inches.
It is found in the extreme southern part of Florida and on the
adjoining reefs. It also has a wide range through the Antilles, Mexico,
and Central America.
FAMILY HESPERIIDÆ (THE SKIPPERS).
Generally quite small _butterflies_, with stout thorax. Both sexes have
six feet adapted to walking. Tibiæ of hind legs, with few exceptions,
have spurs. Lower radial of hind wing in many genera wanting, being
represented by a fold in the wing. _Eggs_ hemispherical, flat on base.
_Larvæ_ cylindrical tapering from the middle before and behind, with
large globular heads, smooth. _Chrysalids_ generally formed on the
ground or among leaves and rubbish lightly tacked together with a few
strands of silk, in which the cremaster is caught.
A large family, most numerously represented in the tropics of both the
Old and New Worlds. About three thousand species are known, of which
over one hundred occur within our limits.
SUBFAMILY PYRRHOPYGINÆ
(THE RED-TAILED SKIPPERS).
Rather large butterflies when compared with others in the family. The
antennæ terminate in a long, thick, blunt club, forming a regular
curve, looking in outline like the handle of an old-fashioned
walking-stick. Most of the species are red at the end of the abdomen.
Confined to the New World. Only one genus and species of this family
occurs within our borders.
GENUS PYRRHOPYGE HÜBNER
[Illustration: PL. CXXIX]
(1) _Pyrrhopyge araxes_ Hewitson, Plate CXXIX, Fig. 1, ♂.
Upper side correctly shown in our figure. Below the wings are
prevalently yellow. Expanse 2.25-2.50 inches.
Found in Texas, Arizona, and southward.
SUBFAMILY HESPERIINÆ (THE HESPERIDS).
Fore wing generally provided with a costal fold, but never marked with
a sexual brand or raised patch of scales on the disk. The hind wing
may be provided with a lengthy tail or simply lobed at the anal angle.
Antennæ terminating in a fine point, which in some genera is bent
backward at right angles to the shaft.
GENUS EUDAMUS SWAINSON
(THE LONG-TAILED SKIPPERS).
Hind wings more or less produced at the anal angle in the form of a
long tail. There are a number of species found in Central and South
America.
(1) _Eudamus proteus_ (Linnæus), Plate CXXIX, Fig. 2, ♀ (The
Long-tailed Skipper). (See p. 199.)
The caterpillar feeds upon _Wistaria_ and various leguminous plants.
Common in Florida, the American tropics, and occasionally found as far
north as New York.
GENUS EPARGYREUS HÜBNER
[Illustration: PL. CXXX]
(1) _Epargyreus tityrus_ (Fabricius), Plate CXXX, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀,
_under side_ (The Silver-spotted Skipper).
A very common and beautiful insect. Expanse 1.75-2.00 inches.
The caterpillar usually feeds upon _Robinia_ and _Wistaria_. Has a
wide range from Quebec to Vancouver Island and south to the Isthmus of
Panama.
GENUS THORYBES SCUDDER
(THE DUSKY-WINGS).
[Illustration: PL. CXXXI]
(1) _Thorybes pylades_ Scudder, Plate CXXXI, Fig. 1, ♀ (The Northern
Dusky-wing).
Below wings dark brown shading into gray outwardly; hind wings crossed
by irregular brown bands; spots of upper side reappearing below.
Expanse 1.60 inch.
Common in New England, thence westward and southward.
(2) _Thorybes bathyllus_ (Smith & Abbot), Plate CXXXI, Fig. 2 (The
Southern Dusky-wing).
Distinguished from preceding species by the larger spots on fore wing.
Ranges from Connecticut to Texas.
GENUS ACHALARUS SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXXXII]
(1) _Achalarus lycidas_ (Smith & Abbot), Plate CXXXII, Fig. 1, ♀ (The
Hoary-edge).
Upper side strongly recalls _E. tityrus_ but the hoary edge of the hind
wings and the absence of the silvery spots found in _tityrus_ at once
separate the two. Expanse 1.65-1.95 inch.
Rare in southern New England, common in Southern States as far west as
Texas.
(2) _Achalarus cellus_ (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate CXXXII, Fig. 2, ♂
(The Golden-banded Skipper).
On upper side as shown in our figure; on under side hind wings banded
as in _E. proteus_, no silver spots. Expanse 2.00 inches.
Found in the Virginias and southward to Arizona and Mexico.
GENUS HESPERIA FABRICIUS
[Illustration: PL. CXXXIII]
(1) _Hesperia tessellata_ Scudder, Plate CXXXIII, Fig. 1, ♂ (The
Tessellated Skipper).
Paler on under side than on upper side, with spots enlarged. Expanse
1.00-1.35 inch.
Ranges from Canada to the Gulf and from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
(2) _Hesperia centaureæ_ Rambur, Plate CXXXIII, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Grizzled
Skipper).
Below darker than preceding species, white circle at end of cell
surrounding black spot, thus forming an eye-like spot; hind wings below
brown scaled with green, crossed by three bands of quadrate spots.
Expanse 1.15 inch.
Found in northern Europe and Asia and from Alaska to Labrador;
extending south on the high mountains both in the West and in the
Carolinas.
(3) _Hesperia xanthus_ Edwards, Plate CXXXIII, Fig. 3, ♂ (The
Checkerling).
Resembling _H. tessellata_, but much smaller and darker at base of
wings, spots more crowded. Expanse 1.00 inch.
Found in Colorado and Rocky Mountains to west and south.
GENUS PHOLISORA SCUDDER
(THE SOOTY-WING).
[Illustration: PL. CXXXIV]
(1) _Pholisora catullus_ (Fabricius), Plate CXXXIV, Fig. 1, ♀ (The
Common Sooty-wing).
Easily recognizable by means of our figure. Expanse 0.80-1.15 inch.
The caterpillar feeds on “lamb’s-quarter” (_Chenopodium_).
Ranges over all temperate North America.
(2) _Pholisora hayhursti_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXIV, Fig. 2, ♀
(Hayhurst’s Sooty-wing).
Easily distinguished from preceding by white color of under side of
abdomen as well as by the different arrangement of spots on fore wing.
Expanse 0.90-1.15 inch.
Ranges from Pennsylvania to the Gulf as far as the Rocky Mountains.
(3) _Pholisora lybia_ Scudder, Plate CXXXIV, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Mohave
Sooty-wing).
Distinguished from the two preceding by the white fringes of the wings
and by the markings of the upper side. Expanse 0.80-1.40 inch.
Found from western Texas to Nevada and Arizona.
(4) _Pholisora alpheus_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXIV, Fig. 4, ♂ (New Mexican
Sooty-wing).
More checkered on the upper side than the other species, tip of fore
wing white. Expanse 0.95-1.00 inch.
Ranges from New Mexico to Arizona.
GENUS THANAOS BOISDUVAL
(THE DUSKY-WINGS).
[Illustration: PL. CXXXV]
(1) _Thanaos brizo_ Boisduval & Leconte, Plate CXXXV, Fig. 1, ♀ (The
Sleepy Dusky-wing).
The two rows of light yellow spots on the outer margin of the hind
wings appear more distinctly on the under side. Expanse 1.25-1.60 inch.
Larva feeds on oaks and other plants. Ranges from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, from New England to Florida and Arizona.
(2) _Thanaos icelus_ Lintner, Plate CXXXV, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Dreamy
Dusky-wing).
Under side paler than upper, marked with many small, indistinct yellow
spots, not forming well-defined bands as in preceding species. Expanse
1.00-1.20 inch.
Caterpillar feeds on aspen, oaks, and witch-hazel. Ranges from Nova
Scotia to Oregon, south to Florida and Arizona.
(3) _Thanaos lucilius_ Lintner, Plate CXXXV, Fig. 3, ♂ (Lucilius’
Dusky-wing).
Closely related to preceding, but distinguished by more regularly
checkered fringes of the fore wing and the different arrangement of the
spots on the under side. Expanse 1.20-1.40 inch.
Larva feeds on columbine (_Aquilegia_). Ranges from New England to
Georgia, and westward through the valley of the Mississippi.
[Illustration: PL. CXXXVI]
(4) _Thanaos juvenalis_ (Fabricius), Plate CXXXVI, Fig. 1, ♀ (Juvenal’s
Dusky-wing).
A large species with translucent spots arranged as an interrupted band
beyond middle of wing. Expanse 1.35-1.60 inch.
Ranges from Quebec to Florida and westward to Arizona.
(5) _Thanaos petronius_ Lintner, Plate CXXXVI, Fig. 2, ♂ (Petronius’
Dusky-wing).
Somewhat resembling the preceding, but translucent spots much fewer in
number and upper side much darker. Under side uniformly dusky with few
light spots. Expanse 1.50-1.75 inch.
Confined to Florida so far as known.
[Illustration: PL. CXXXVII]
(6) _Thanaos martialis_ Scudder, Plate CXXXVII, Fig. 1, ♂ (Martial’s
Dusky-wing).
Upper side paler than in most species, with a purplish gray cast, all
light spots of upper side repeated more distinctly on under side.
Expanse 1.25-1.40 inch.
Ranges from Massachusetts to Georgia, westward to Missouri and New
Mexico.
(7) _Thanaos horatius_ Scudder, Plate CXXXVII, Fig. 2, ♂ (Horace’s
Dusky-wing).
Smaller than _T. juvenalis_, which it resembles; paler above on both
wings, below more profusely mottled on hind wings. Expanse 1.65 inch.
Ranges from Massachusetts to Texas.
(8) _Thanaos funeralis_ Lintner, Plate CXXXVII, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Funereal
Dusky-wing).
Hind wings very dark, partly fringed with pure white. Expanse 1.35 inch.
Found from western Texas to Mexico.
SUBFAMILY PAMPHILINÆ (THE PAMPHILIDS).
The male never has a costal fold on the fore wing, but in most of the
genera has a discal stigma on the fore wing, the only exceptions to
this in our fauna being in the case of the three genera _Amblyscirtes_,
_Pamphila_, and _Oarisma_. The antennæ are short, in some genera
very short, clubbed at the end and provided in many genera with a
little finely pointed tip at the end of the club, which sometimes
is bent backward. The third joint of the palpi is generally small,
inconspicuous, and often pointing forward. The lower radial in the fore
wing always is nearer to the median than to the upper radial; the lower
radial in the hind wing is generally lacking. When at rest they raise
the fore wings, folding them together, while the hind wings are held
horizontally. This attitude is characteristic of this subfamily.
GENUS AMBLYSCIRTES SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXXXVIII]
(1) _Amblyscirtes vialis_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXVIII, Fig. 1, ♂ (The
Roadside Skipper).
Wings below much as on upper side, except that outwardly they are
lightly laved with gray. Expanse 1.00 inch.
Ranges from Canada to Florida, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
(2) _Amblyscirtes samoset_ (Scudder), Plate CXXXVIII, Fig. 2, ♂ (The
Pepper-and-Salt Skipper). (See Plate on p. 208.)
Below wings pale gray, the light spots of upper side reappearing. Hind
wing marked by semicircular median band of white spots, a small spot at
end of cell, and conspicuous white spot about middle of costa. Expanse
1.00-1.10 inch.
Ranges from Maine to Michigan and south on the Allegheny Mountains to
West Virginia.
(3) _Amblyscirtes textor_ (Hübner), Plate CXXXVIII, Fig. 3, ♂, _under
side_ (The Woven-winged Skipper). (See Plate on p. 208.)
Easily recognized by means of our figure. Expanse 1.25-1.45 inch.
Ranges from North Carolina to Florida and westward to Texas.
GENUS PAMPHILA FABRICIUS
(1) _Pamphila mandan_ Edwards, Plate CXXXVIII, Fig. 4, ♂ (The Arctic
Skipper).
Recognizable from our figure. It is totally unlike any other species in
the fauna. Expanse 1.10 inch.
Found from Labrador to Alaska, and on the mountains of Idaho and
Montana.
GENUS OARISMA SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXXXIX]
(1) _Oarisma garita_ (Reakirt), Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Little
Dun). (See Plate on p. 210.)
On the under side both wings are somewhat brighter than on the upper
side, the hind wings inclining to leaden gray, with the inner margin
bright fulvous. Expanse 0.75-1.00 inch.
Ranges from southern Colorado to Arizona.
(2) _Oarisma powesheik_ (Parker), Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Iowa
Dun).
Larger than the preceding species and dark on upper side; on under side
fore wings black, edged on costa with light fulvous. Hind wings dusky
below, veins and nervules white, conspicuous on darker ground. Expanse
1.00-1.25 inch.
Ranges from Wisconsin to Dakota and Colorado, common in Iowa.
GENUS ANCYLOXYPHA FELDER
(1) _Ancyloxypha numitor_ Fabricius, Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Least
Skipper).
Below fore wings black, bordered on costa and outer margin with reddish
fulvous; hind wings pale fulvous. Expanse 0.75-0.95 inch.
Ranges from Quebec to Florida and westward to the Rocky Mountains.
GENUS COPŒODES SPEYER
(1) _Copœodes procris_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 4, ♂ (The Golden
Skipper).
Below wings as on upper side, a trifle paler than on the upper side.
The fore wings blackish on inner margin near base. Expanse 0.80-1.00
inch.
Ranges from southern Texas to southern California.
(2) _Copœodes wrighti_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 5, ♂ (Wright’s
Skipper).
Distinguished from _C. procris_ by dark fringes on both wings and
different arrangement of stigma on fore wings. Expanse 0.85-1.07 inch.
Found in southern California and eastward as far as eastern Arizona.
GENUS ERYNNIS SCHRANK
[Illustration: PL. CXL]
(1) _Erynnis manitoba_ (Scudder), Plate CXL, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Canadian
Skipper).
On the lower side all the light spots of the upper side reappear, but
more distinctly defined and pearly white in color.
Ranges north of the boundary between the United States and the Dominion
of Canada, descending into the United States as far south as Colorado
and northern California upon the high mountain ranges.
(2) _Erynnis sassacus_ (Harris), Plate CXL, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Indian
Skipper). (See p. 211.)
Below wings pale fulvous, spots of upper side feebly reproduced as
faint lighter spots; fore wings black at base on this side. Expanse
1.10-1.35 inch.
Ranges from New England to Georgia, west to Colorado.
(3) _Erynnis attalus_ (Edwards), Plate CXL, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Wisconsin
Skipper). (See p. 211.)
Below both wings are dusky, with the light spots appearing in faint
gray. The female is darker. Expanse 1.25-1.45 inch.
Ranges from New England to Wisconsin and Iowa, thence to the region of
the Gulf.
(4) _Erynnis metea_ (Scudder), Plate CXL, Fig. 4, ♂ (The Cobweb
Skipper). (See p. 211.)
Below wings are brown, much darker than above, the pale marks of upper
side repeated as pearly white spots, and on hind wings near base is a
curved band of similar white spots. Expanse 1.20-1.30 inch.
Ranges from New England to Wisconsin.
(5) _Erynnis uncas_ (Edwards), Plate CXLVIII, Fig. 4, ♂ (Uncas’
Skipper). (See p. 220.)
Below in both sexes wings beautifully marked with pearly white spots on
greenish gray ground, the spots defined inwardly and outwardly by dark
olive shades. Expanse 1.30-1.55 inch.
Ranges from Pennsylvania to Montana.
[Illustration: PL. CXLI]
(6) _Erynnis leonardus_ (Harris), Plate CXLI, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀
(Leonard’s Skipper).
Larger than most of the preceding species. Below wings dark brick-red.
Spots of upper side reappearing more or less faintly. Expanse 1.25-1.35
inch.
Ranges from New England and Ontario to Florida, west throughout the
Mississippi Valley.
GENUS THYMELICUS HÜBNER
(1) _Thymelicus brettus_ (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate CXLI, Fig. 3, ♂;
Fig. 4, ♀ (The Whirlabout).
This insect, which is rare in the Northern States, is common in the
South and has a wide range through the American tropics. Expanse
1.15-1.25 inch.
[Illustration: PL. CXLII]
(2) _Thymelicus otho_ (Smith & Abbot), Plate CXLII, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2,
♀.
The upper side is sufficiently well shown in our plate. Below the wings
are yellowish brown with outer half of the fore wings blackish; spots
of fore wing repeated except last. Hind wings below with an obscure
yellowish band of five or six spots. A variable species. The northern
form, with fewer spots, is called _egeremet_, and is not very common in
New England, but southward the species is abundant. Expanse 1.20-1.25
inch.
Found in New England, Florida, and west throughout the Mississippi
Valley.
(3) _Thymelicus mystic_ (Scudder), Plate CXLII, Fig. 3, ♂; Fig. 4, ♀
(The Long-dash).
Upper side of both sexes well shown in our plate. Below fore wings
fulvous on costa near base; remainder of wings on this side dark
ferruginous, with the light spots of the upper side repeated, greatly
enlarged, pale, contrasting strongly with dark ground-color. Hind wings
pale brown on inner margin. Expanse 1.10-1.25 inch.
Ranges from southern Canada to Pennsylvania and west to Wisconsin.
GENUS ATALOPEDES SCUDDER
(1) _Atalopedes huron_ (Edwards), Plate CXLII, Fig. 5, ♂; Fig. 6, ♀
(The Sachem).
Easily distinguished from the figures we give. Expanse 1.15-1.35 inch.
Ranges from New York to Florida, westward and southwestward into Mexico.
GENUS POLITES SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXLIII]
(1) _Polites peckius_ (Kirby), Plate CXLIII, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀
(Peck’s Skipper).
This small species is dark brown below, with the light spots of the
upper side reappearing, greatly enlarged, especially in the middle of
the wings, fused together and pale yellow, thus contrasting strongly
with the rest of the wings. Expanse 1.00-1.25 inch.
Peck’s Skipper ranges from Canada to Virginia west to Kansas and Iowa.
GENUS HYLEPHILA BILLBERG
(1) _Hylephila phyleus_ (Drury), Plate CXLIII, Fig. 3, ♂; Fig. 4, ♀
(The Fiery Skipper).
Easily recognized from our figures. Expanse 1.15-1.25 inch.
Ranges from Connecticut to Patagonia everywhere.
GENUS PRENES SCUDDER
(1) _Prenes ocola_ (Edwards), Plate CXLIII, Fig. 5, ♂ (The Ocola
Skipper). (See p. 215.)
This common southern species, which sometimes ranges as far north as
the latitude of Pennsylvania, ranges south as far as Bolivia in South
America. Expanse 1.45-1.60 inch.
The figure is that of the type.
GENUS CALPODES HÜBNER
[Illustration: PL. CXLIV]
(1) _Calpodes ethlius_ (Cramer), Plate CXLIV, ♂ (The Brazilian Skipper).
Easily recognized from our plate. Wings below dull olive. Expanse
2.00-2.15 inches.
The larva feeds on _Canna_. Common everywhere in tropical America and
has been known to stray as far north as New York.
GENUS LERODEA SCUDDER
(1) _Lerodea eufala_ (Edwards), Plate CXLIX, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Eufala
Skipper). (See p. 221.)
On the wing looks like a small specimen of _Prenes ocola_, from which
it may be distinguished at once by the white under side of the abdomen.
Expanse 1.10-1.20 inch.
Not uncommon in Florida.
GENUS LIMOCHORES SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXLV]
(1) _Limochores thaumas_ (Fabricius), Plate CXLV, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀
(The Fawn-edged Skipper).