1912.1 Die diluviale Vorzeit Deutschlands, von R. R. Schmidt.
II--Geologischer Teil von Ernst Koken. Die Geologie und Tierwelt der
paläolithischen Kulturstätten Deutschlands. See Schmidt, R. R., 1912.1.
=Kraemer, H.=
Weltall und Menschheit. Geschichte der Erforschung der Natur und der
Verwertung der Naturkräfte im Dienst der Völker. Band II. Berlin, n. d.
L
=Lalanne, G.=
1911.1 L'abri sculpté de Cap-Blanc à Laussel (Dordogne). (With Breuil, H.)
See Breuil, H., 1911.1.
=Lamarck, J.=
1809.1 Philosophie Zoologique. Paris (Duminil-Leseur), 8vo, 1909.
1815.1 Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres.... Tomes 1-7
(1815-1822). Paris (Verdière), 8vo, 1815-1822.
=Lartet, E.=
1861.1 Nouvelles recherches sur la coexistence de l'homme et des grands
mammifères fossiles réputés caractéristiques de la dernière période
géologique. _Ann. Sci. Nat._, sér. 4, Zoologie, tome XV, 1861, pp.
177-253, Pl. X.
1875.1 Reliquiæ Acquitanicæ. (With Christy.) Being Contributions to the
Archæology and Palæontology of Périgord and the Adjoining Provinces.
Edited by Rupert Jones. London, 4to, 1875.
=Leverett, F.=
1910.1 Comparison of North American and European Glacial Deposits.
_Zeitschr. für Gletscherk._, Bd. IV, 1910, pp. 241-316.
=Lubbock, Sir J. (See Avebury, Lord).=
1862.1 On the Evidences of the Antiquity of Man afforded by the Physical
Structure of the Somme Valley. _Nat. Hist. Rev._, 1862, pp. 244-269.
=Lyell, Sir C.=
1863.1 The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man with Remarks on
the Theories of the Origin of Species by Variation. Second revised
edition. London (Murray), 8vo, 1863.
1867.1 Principles of Geology or the Modern Changes of the Earth and Its
Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology. Tenth and entirely
revised edition. Vol. I, 1867. Vol. II, 1868. London (Murray), 8vo,
1867-1868.
1877.1 Principles of Geology or the Modern Changes of the Earth and its
Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology. Eleventh and entirely
revised edition. Vol. I, 1877. Vol. II, 1872. New York (Appleton), 8vo,
1872-1877.
M
=MacCurdy, G. G.=
1905.1 The Eolithic Problem. Evidences of a Rude Industry Antedating the
Paleolithic. _Amer. Anthropol._, n. s., vol. VII, no. 3, 1905, pp.
425-479.
=Mahudel.=
1740.1 Sur les prétendues pierres de foudre. _Hist. Acad. R. Inscript. et
Belles-Lettres_, Paris, tome XII, 1740, pp. 163-168.
=Makowsky, A.=
1892.1 Der diluviale Mensch im Löss von Brünn. _Mitt. Anthropol. Gesell.
Wien_, Bd. XXII (N. F. Bd. XIII), pp. 73-84.
=Marett, R. R.=
Anthropology. Home University Library of Modern Knowledge. New York (Henry
Holt & Co.), 12mo, n. d.
=Martin, H.=
1910.1 Astragale humain du Moustérien moyen de La Quina. (_Ext., Bull.
Soc. préhist. de France_, 1910, p. 391.) [Reviewed by M. Boule.]
_L'Anthropol._, tome XXII, 1911, pp. 312, 313.
=Martin, R.=
1914.1 Lehrbuch der Anthropologie in systematischer Darstellung. Mit
besonderer Berücksichtigung der anthropologischen Methoden. Für
studierende Ärzte und Forschungsreisende. Jena, 8vo, 1914.
=Martins, C.=
1847.1 Recherches sur la période glaciaire et l'ancienne extension des
glaciers du Mont-Blanc depuis les Alpes jusqu'au Jura. _Rev. deux mondes_
1847, tome 17, pp. 919-942.
=Maška, K.=
1886.1 Fund des Unterkiefers in der Schipka-Höhle. _Verh. Berliner Gesell.
f. Anthropol., Ethnol. u. Urgesch._, 1886, pp. 341-350.
1912.1 La statuette de mammouth de Předmost. (With Obermaier and Breuil.)
_L'Anthropol._, tome XXIII, 1912, pp. 273-285.
=Massénat, É.=
1869.1 Objets gravés et sculptés de l'Augerie Basse (Dordogne). _Matér.
pour l'hist. de l'homme_, année V, sér. 2, pp. 348-356.
=Morlot, A.=
1854.1 Notice sur le Quaternaire en Suisse. _Bull. Soc. Vaudoise, Sci.
nat._, 1854, pp. 41-45.
=de Mortillet, A.=
1869.1 Essai d'une classification des cavernes et des stations sous abri,
fondée sur les produits de l'industrie humaine. _C. R. Acad. Sci._, Paris,
tome 68, 1869, pp. 553-555.
=de Mortillet, G.=
1872. Classification des âges de la pierre. Classification des diverses
périodes de l'âge de la pierre. _C. R. Congr. Intern. d'Anthropol., d'
Archéol. Préhist., VI{e} Sess._ Bruxelles, 1872, pp. 432-444.
=Munro, R.=
1893.1 [On the Relation between the Erect Posture and the Physical and
Intellectual Development of Man.] _Rpt. 63d Meeting, Brit. Assoc. Adv.
Sci._, Nottingham, 1893, Presidential Address, Section of Anthropology,
pp. 885-889.
1912.1 Palæeolithic Man and the Terramara Settlements in Europe. Being the
Munro Lectures in Anthropology and Prehistoric Archæology in connection
with the University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, 8vo, 1912.
N
=Nehring, A.=
1880.1 Übersicht über vierundzwanzig mitteleuropäische Quatär-Faunen.
_Zeitschr. deutsch. geolog. Gesell._, 1880, pp. 468-509.
1896.1 Die kleineren Wirbeltiere vom Schweizersbild bei Schaffhausen. _N.
Denkschr. allg. schweiz. Gesell. gesam. Naturwiss._, Bd. XXXV, 1896, pp.
40-77.
=Neumeyer, M.=
1890.1 Erdgeschichte. Band I, 1895. Band II, 1890. Leipzig, R. 8vo,
1890-1895.
=Nicolle, E. T.=
1910.1 Report on the Exploration of the Palæolithic Cave-Dwelling known as
La Cotte, St. Brelade, Jersey. (With Sinel, J.) _Man_, 1910, nos. 101-102,
pp. 185-188.
=Niezabitowski, E.=
1911.1 Die Überreste des in Starunia in einer Erdwachsgrube mit Haut und
Weichteilen gefundenen _Rhinoceros antiquitatis_ Blum. (_tichorhinus_
Fisch.). _Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovie_, Classe des Sci. Mathémat., etc.,
1911, sér. B; Sci. nat., pp. 240-266.
=Nüesch, J.=
1902.1 Das Schweizersbild, eine Niederlassung aus palæolithischer und
neolithischer Zeit. Die praehistorische Niederlassung am Schweizersbild
bei Schaffhausen. Die Schichten und ihre Einschlüsse. _N. Denkschr. allg.
schweiz. Gesell. gesam. Naturwiss._, Bd. XXXV, zweite Verbesserung, pp.
1-120.
O
=Obermaier, H.=
1909.1 Crânes paléolithiques façonnés en Coupes. (With Breuil.) See
Breuil, H., 1909.2.
1909.2 Les formations glaciaires des Alpes et l'homme paléolithique.
_L'Anthropol._, tome XX, 1909, pp. 497-522.
1909.3 Die Aurignacienstation von Krems (N.-O.). (With Strobel.) See
Strobel, 1909.1.
1911.1 Die Kastlhäng-Höhle, eine Renntierjägerstation im bayerischen
Altmühltale. (With Fraunholz und Schlosser.) See Fraunholz, J., 1911.1.
1912.1 Der Mensch der Vorzeit. München, R. 8vo, 1912.
1912.2 Les premières travaux de l'Institut de Paléontologie humaine. (With
Breuil.) See Breuil, H., 1912.6.
1912.3 La statuette de mammouth de Předmost. (With Mas̆ka et Breuil.) See
Mas̆ka, 1912.1.
1913.1 La Pasiega à Puente-Viesgo (Santander, Espagne). (With Breuil and
Alcalde del Rio.) See Breuil, H., 1913.2.
=Osborn, H. F.=
1894.1 From the Greeks to Darwin. An Outline of the Development of the
Evolution Idea. New York, 8vo, 1894.
1910.1 The Age of Mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. New York,
8vo, 1910.
P
=Penck, A.=
1908.1 Das Alter des Menschengeschlechts. _Zeitschr. für Ethnol._, Jahrg.
40, Heft 3, 1908, pp. 390-407.
1909.1 Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter. (With Brückner, E.) Band I, II, III.
Leipzig, R. 8vo, 1909.
=Peyrony, M.=
1908.1 La grotte de la Mairie à Teyjat (Dordogne). (With Capitan and
Breuil.) See Capitan, L., 1908.1.
1910.1 La caverne de Font-de-Gaume aux Eyzies (Dordogne). (With Breuil and
Capitan.) See Capitan, 1910.1.
1912.1 Les gravures sur cascade stalagmitique de la grotte de la Mairie à
Teyjat (Dordogne). (With Breuil, Bourrinet, and Capitan.) See Capitan,
1912.2.
=Piette, E.=
1907.1 L'art pendant l'Age du Renne. Album de cent planches dessinées par
J. Pilloy. Paris, small folio, 1907.
=Pilgrim, G.=
1913.1 The Correlation of the Siwaliks with Mammal Horizons of Europe.
_Records, Geol. Survey India_, vol. XLIII, part 4, pp. 264-326, Pls.
26-28.
Q
=Quatrefages, A.=
1884.1 Hommes fossiles et hommes sauvages. Etudes d'Anthropologie. Paris,
8vo, 1884.
R
=Reeds, C. A.=
1915.1 The Graphic Projection of Pleistocene Climatic Oscillations. _Bull.
Geol. Soc. Amer._, vol. 26, no. 1, 1915, pp. 106-109.
=Reid, C.=
1908.1 The Pre-Glacial Flora of Britain. (With E. M. Reid.) _Journ. Linn.
Soc._ Botany, vol. XXXVIII, 1908, pp. 206-227.
1913.1 [Discussion of] On the Discovery of a Palæolithic Human Skull and
Mandible ... at Piltdown ... Sussex. See Dawson, C., 1913.1.
=Reinach, S.=
1889.1 Antiquités nationales. Déscription raisonnée du Musée de
Saint-Germain-en-Laye. I--Epoque des alluvions et des cavernes. Paris, 8vo
[1889]. 322 pp.
1913.1 Répertoire de l'Art quaternaire. Paris, 12mo, 1913.
=Retzius, A.=
1864.1 Ethnologische Schriften. III--Ueber die Form des Knochengerüstes
des Kopfes bei verschiedenen Völkern. Stockholm, 4to, 1864.
=Rigollot.=
1854.1 Mémoires sur des instruments en silex trouvées à Saint-Acheul.
Amiens, 1854.
=Ripley, W. Z.=
1899.1 The Races of Europe. A Sociological Study. (Lowell Institute
Lectures.) Accompanied by a Supplementary Bibliography of the Anthropology
and Ethnology of Europe, etc. New York, 8vo, 1899.
=Rivière, E.=
1897.1 La grotte de La Mouthe (Dordogne). _Bull. Soc. d'Anthropol._,
Paris, sér. 4, tome VIII, 1897, pp. 302-329; 484-490; 497-501.
1897.2 La grotte de La Mouthe (Dordogne). _C. R. assoc. franç. pour
l'avanc. sci., 26{me} Sess._, Saint-Etienne, 1897, pp. 669-687.
=Robertson, A. W. D.=
1914.1 The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal as Deduced from a
Study of his Calvaria. (With Berry, R. J. A.) See Berry, R. J. A.; 1914.1.
=Rutot, A.=
1902.1 Les industries primitives. Défense des éolithes. Les actions
naturelles possibles sont inaptes à produire des effets semblables à la
retouche intentionelle. _Bull. et Mém. Soc. Anthropol._, Bruxelles, tome
XX (1902), mém. III.
1907.1 A fin de la question des éolithes. _Bull. Soc. Belge Géol._,
Procès-Verbal, 1907, tome XXI, pp. 211-217.
=Rzehak, Prof. A.=
1906.1 Der Unterkiefer von Ochos. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des
altdiluvialen Menschen. _Verhandl. naturf. Ver._, Brünn, Bd. XLIV (1905),
pp. 91-114. Published in 1906.
S
=Salisbury, R. D.=
1905.1 Geology. (With Chamberlin, T. C.) See Chamberlin, T., 1905.1.
=Salmon, P.=
1898.1 Age de la pierre: habitations néolithiques. (With d'Ault du Mesnil
and Capitan.) Le Campignien. _Rev. de l'Ecole d'Anthropol._, année VIII,
1898, pp. 365-408.
=de Sautuola, M.=
1880.1 Breves apuntes sobre algunos objetos prehistóricos de la provincia
de Santander. Madrid, 1880, 4 pl.
=Schaaffhausen, D.=
1857.1 Theilen des menschlichen Skelettes im Neanderthale bei Hochdal.
_Sitzungsber. niederrhein. Gesellsch. f. Natur u. Heilkunde_, Bonn, 1857,
pp. xxxviii-xlii.
1858.1 Zur Kenntniss der ältesten Rassenschädel. _Müller's Archiv_, Jahrg.
1858, pp. 453-478.
=Schliz, A.=
1912.1 Die diluviale Vorzeit Deutschlands, von R. R. Schmidt. Teil
III--Anthropologischer Teil. Die diluvialen Menschenreste Deutschlands.
See Schmidt, R. R., 1912.1.
=Schlosser, M.=
1911.1 Die Kastlhäng-Höhle, eine Renntierjägerstation im bayerischen
Altmühltale. (With Fraunholz und Obermaier.) See Fraunholz, 1911.1.
=Schmerling, P.-C.=
1833.1 Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles découvertes dans les cavernes
de la province de Liége. Liége, 4to, 1833.
=Schmidt, R. R.=
1912.1 Die diluviale Vorzeit Deutschlands. I--Archäologischer Teil: Die
diluvialen Kulturen Deutschlands, R. R. Schmidt. II--Geologischer Teil:
Die Geologie und Tierwelt der paläolithischen Kulturstätten Deutschlands,
Ernst Koken. III--Anthropologischer Teil: Die diluvialen Menschenreste
Deutschlands, A. Schliz. Stuttgart, 4to, 1912.
=Schoetensack, O.=
1908.1 Der Unterkiefer des _Homo heidelbergensis_ aus den Sanden von Mauer
bei Heidelberg. Ein Beitrag zur Paläontologie des Menschen. Leipzig, 4to,
1908.
=Schuchert, C.=
1913.1 Climates of Geologic Time. _Reprint_, Carnegie Inst. of Washington,
Publication No. 192, pp. 263-298.
=Schuchhardt, C.=
1913.1 Paläolithische Fundstellen der Dordogne. (With Wiegers und
Hilzheimer.) See Wiegers, 1913.1.
=Schwalbe, G.=
1897.1 Ueber die Schädelformen der ältesten Menschenrassen mit besonderer
Berücksichtigung des Schädels von Egisheim. _Mitt. Philomat. Gesell.
Elsass-Lothringen_, Jahrg. 5 (1897), Heft III, pp. 72-85.
1899.1 Studien über _Pithecanthropus erectus_ Dubois. _Zeitschr. f. Morph.
u. Anthropol._, Bd. I, Heft I, pp. 16-22, Pls. I-III.
1901.1 Der Neanderthalschädel. _Bonner Jahrb._, no. 106, Bonn, pp. 1-72.
1901.2 Über die specifischen Merkmale des Neanderthalschädels. _Verh.
Anat. Gesell._, Bonn, 1901, pp. 44-61.
1904.1 Die Vorgeschichte des Menschen. Braunschweig, 8vo, 1904.
1906.1 Das Schädelfragment von Brüx und verwandte Schädelformen.
_Zeitschr. für Morphol. und Anthropol._, Sonderheft, 1906, pp. 81-182,
Pls. I-II.
1914.1 Kritische Besprechung von Boule's Werk: "L'homme fossile de La
Chapelle-aux-Saints" mit eigenen Untersuchungen. _Zeitschr. Morph. u.
Anthropol._, Bd. XVI, Heft 3, pp. 527-610.
1914.2 Über einen bei Ehringsdorf in der Nähe von Weimar gefundenen
Unterkiefer des _Homo primigenius. Anat. Anzeiger_, Band 47, nos. 13-17.
Oktober, 1914, pp. 337-345.
=Selenka, L.=
1911.1 Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java. (With Blanckenhorn.)
Geologische und paläontologische Ergebnisse der Trinil-Expedition
(1907-1908). Herausgegeben von M. Lenore Selenka und Prof. Max
Blanckenhorn, Leipzig, 4to, 1911.
=Serrano Gomez, P.=
1912.1 Les peintures rupestres d'Espagne. (With Breuil and Cabre Aguilo.)
See Breuil, 1912.5.
=Sierra, R. P. L.=
1912.1 Les cavernes de la région cantabrique (Espagne). (With Alcalde del
Rio and Breuil.) See Alcalde del Rio, 1912.1.
=Smith, G. E.=
1912.1 Presidential Address to the Anthropological Section (B. A. A. S.).
_Rpt. 82d Meeting, Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci._, Dundee, 1912, pp. 575-598.
1913.1 The Controversies concerning the Interpretation and Meaning of the
Remains of the Dawn-Man Found near Piltdown. [Abstract.] _Meet. Manchester
Lit. and Philosoph. Soc._, November 18, 1913.
1913.2 On the Discovery of a Palæolithic Human Skull and Mandible in a
Flint-Bearing Gravel overlying the Wealden (Hastings Beds) at Piltdown,
Fletching (Sussex). With an Appendix by Prof. Grafton Elliot Smith. See
Dawson, C., 1913.1.
1913.3 The Piltdown Skull. _Nature_, vol. 92, no. 2292, October 2, 1913,
p. 131.
1913.4 The Piltdown Skull and Brain Cast. _Nature_, vol. 92, no. 2296,
October 30, 1913, pp. 267, 268.
1914.1 Supplementary Note on the Discovery of a Palæolithic Human Skull
and Mandible at Piltdown (Sussex). (With Dawson and Woodward.) With an
Appendix by Prof. Grafton Elliot Smith. See Dawson, C., 1914.1.
=Smith, W.=
1894.1 Man the Primeval Savage. His Haunts and Relics from the Hill-Tops
of Bedfordshire to Blackwall. London, 8vo, 1894.
=Sollas, W. J.=
1900.1 Evolutional Geology. Presidential Address to the Geological Section
(B. A. A. S.). _Rpt. 70th Meeting, Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci._, Bradford,
1900, pp. 711-730.
1911.1 Ancient Hunters and Their Modern Representatives. London, 8vo.
1911.
1913.1 Paviland Cave: An Aurignacian Station in Wales. (The Huxley
Memorial Lecture for 1913.) _Journ. R. Anthropol. Inst. of Gr. Brit. &
Ireland_, vol. XLIII, 1913, pp. 325-373.
=Steinmann, C.=
1914.1 Diluviale Menschenfunde in Obercassel bei Bonn. (With Verworn and
Bonnet.) IV--Über das geologische Alter der Fundstelle. See Verworn, M.,
1914.1.
=Strobel, J.=
1909.1 Die Aurignacienstation von Krems (N.-Ö.). (With Obermaier, H.) Mit
einem Anhang von Oskar von Troll. _Jahrb. Altertumskunde_, Bd. III, 1909,
pp. 129-148, Pls. XI-XXI.
T
=Tomes, C. S.=
1914.1 A Manual of Dental Anatomy, Human and Comparative. Edited by H. W.
Marett Tims and A. Hopewell-Smith. Seventh edition. (J. and A. Churchill.)
London, 8vo, 1914, 616 pp.
=von Troll, O.=
1909.1 Die Aurignacienstation von Krems (N.-Ö.). (With Strobel and
Obermaier.) Mit einem Anhang von Oskar von Troll. See Strobel, J., 1909.1.
U
=Upham, W.=
1893.1 Estimates of Geologic Time. _Amer. Journ. Sci._, vol. XLV, 1893,
pp. 209-220.
V
=Verneau, R.=
1886.1 La race de Crô-Magnon. _Rev. Anthropol._, sér. 3, tome I, 1886, pp.
10-24.
1891.1 Cinq années de séjour aux îles Canaries. Paris, 1891.
1906.1 Les Grottes de Grimaldi (Baoussé-Roussé). Tome II, fasc.
I--Anthropologie. Monaco, 4to, 1906.
=Verworn, M.=
1914.1 Diluviale Menschenfunde in Obercassel bei Bonn. (With Bonnet and
Steinmann.) I--Fundbericht, Verworn. II--Die Kulturstufe des Fundes,
Verworn. III--Die Skelete, Bonnet. IV--Über das geologische Alter der
Fundstelle, Steinmann. _Die Naturwissenschaften_, Heft 27, Jahrg. 2, 3
Juli 1914, pp. 645-650.
=de Vibraye.=
1864.1 Note sur des nouvelles preuves de l'existence de l'homme dans le
centre de la France à une époque où s'y trouvaient aussi divers animaux
qui de nos jours n'habitent pas cette contrée. _C. R. Acad. Sci._, Paris,
tome 58, 1864, pp. 409-416.
=Villeneuve, L.=
1906.1 Les Grottes de Grimaldi (Baoussé-Roussé). Tome I, fasc.
I--Historique et Déscription. Monaco, 4to, 1906.
=Volz, W.=
1907.1 Das geologische Alter der Pithecanthropus-Schichten bei Trinil,
Ost-Java. _N. Jahrb. Miner., Geol. u. Paläontol., Festband_, 1907, pp.
256-271.
W
=Walcott, C. D.=
1893.1 Geologic Time as Indicated by the Sedimentary Rocks of North
America. _Amer. Geol._, vol. XII, no. 6, 1893, pp. 343-368, Pl. XV.
=Wiegers, F.=
1913.1 Eine Studienreise zu den paläolithischen Fundstellen der Dordogne.
(With Schuchhardt and Hilzheimer.) _Zeitschr. f. Ethnol._, Jahrg. 45, Heft
I, 1913, pp. 126-160.
=Wilser, L.=
1898.1 Menschenrassen und Weltgeschichte. _Naturwiss. Wochenschr._, Band
XIII, Heft I, 1898.
=Woodward, A. S.=
1913.1 On the Discovery of a Palæolithic Human Skull and Mandible in a
Flint-Bearing Gravel overlying the Wealden (Hastings Beds) at Piltdown,
Fletching, Sussex. (With Dawson, C.) With an Appendix by Prof. Grafton
Elliot Smith. See Dawson, C., 1913.1.
1914.1 Supplementary Note on the Discovery of a Palæolithic Human Skull
and Mandible at Piltdown (Sussex). (With Charles Dawson.) With an Appendix
by Prof. Grafton Elliot Smith. See Dawson, C., 1914.1.
1914.2 On the Lower Jaw of an Anthropoid Ape (_Dryopithecus_) from the
Upper Miocene of Lérida (Spain). _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._, London, vol.
LXX, pp. 316-320, Pl. XLIV.
1915.1 A Guide to the Fossil Remains of Man in the Department of Geology
and Palæontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road,
London, S. W. With 4 plates and 12 text-figures. Printed by order of the
trustees of the British Museum. 8vo, 1915, 33 pp.
INDEX
INDEX[BK]
A
Abbeville, 109, =116=, 124, =125=, 127, 149, 152, 156, 166, 167, 244, 331
Abri Audit, 245, 246, 248, =255=, 269, 277, 305, 307, 309, 311, 314
Abri Dufaure, 471
Abri Mège, 435, 442
Abris, see Rock Shelters
Achenheim, 30, 160, =161=, 167, 176, 195, 284, 314
_Achenschwankung_, see Postglacial Stage
Acheulean, 14-16, 18, 30;
chronology, 33, 41, 89;
climate, 112, =117=, =118=, =165=, 166, =173=, =174=, 175-177, 186;
fauna, =144-148=, 165;
geography (physical), 166;
human fossils, 24, =181-185=;
industry, 14, 16, 18, 41, 108, 113, 122-124, =169-173=, 177-180, 270,
280, 362;
stations, 151, 158-162, =166-169=;
see Origin
Æschylus, on the prehistory of man, 3, 505
Aggsbach, 29, 435, 448
Agriculture, 2, 486, 496
_Aiguille_, needle, =271=, 310, 313, 387, 388, =391=, =392=, 440,
443-445, 449, 461, 462
_Alactaga jaculus_, 373, =374=;
see Jerboa
_Alces_, 187, 287, 369;
_latifrons_, 70, see Moose
Alento, 167
Alpera, 469, 497
Alpine fauna, see Fauna
Alpine race, 278, 458, 479, 480, 481, 484, 485, 491, =499=, =500=
Alpine vole, =371=, see _Arvicola nivalis_
Altamira, 17, 319, 321, 331, 332, 346, 368, 385, 394, =395=, 399, 408,
415, 416, =422-427=, 434, 435, Pl. VIII
Ancestry of Man, see Man
Ancona, 167
Andernach, 160, 195, 279, 372, 378, 435
Anthropoid Apes, 3, 21;
ancestry, =49-61=;
brain, =52-60=;
compared with Grimaldi, 266,
with Neanderthal, 9, 217, 230-233, 237-240,
with Piltdown, 140, 141,
with _Pithecanthropus_, 9, 77-79;
known to Carthaginians, 511, 512;
recent discoveries, 511
Anthropology, rise of, 3-10
_Antilope saiga_, see Saiga antelope
Anvils, bone, 211, 253, 256, 271;
see _Compresseur_
Apes, see Anthropoid
Arboreal life, effects of, 56, 57
Archæology, rise of, 10-18
Archer, 329
_Arctomys marmotta_, 182, 370;
see Marmot
Arcy-sur-Cure, 214, 219, 435
Argali sheep, 46, 285, 287, =371=;
see _Ovis argaloides_
Arrow, 214, 258, 270, 272, 344, =353=, =354=, 410, 450, =497=
Art, 13, 14, 17, 21, =315-330=, 332, =347-350=, =392-434=, 449, see
Aurignacian, Magdalenian, Solutrean, Engraving, Painting,
Sculpture, Industry;
implements used in, =270=, 309-312, 321, =329=, =330=, 385, 396, 415,
463;
means of dating, =317-320=
Arudy, 435, 436
_Arvicola_, _amphibius_, 147;
_gregalis_, 373;
_nivalis_, 370, 371
Ascoli Piceno, 167
Ass, wild (kiang), see Horse
Aurensan, 435, 438, 471
Aurignac, 5, 13, 14, 16, 275, 279, =290=, 294, 314
Aurignacian, 14-16, 18, 275, 276;
art, =315-330=, 403, 404, 408;
burial customs, =302-305=;
chronology, 33, 41, 351;
climate, 123, =281-286=;
fauna, =285-289=;
human fossils, =289-305=;
industry, 16, 18, 41, 108, =269-271=, 275-277, 280, =305-313=, 329,
330, 362;
stations, 275, 283, 284, 289, 307, =313-315=;
see Origin
Aurignacian race, see Combe-Capelle man
Aurochs, see _Bos primigenius_ and Cattle
Australian head type, 136, 228, 232, 234
Awl, see _Poinçon_
Axe, 493, 494
Azilian, see Azilian-Tardenoisian
Azilian-Tardenoisian, 16, 275, 451, 456;
art, 456;
burial customs, =475-479=;
chronology, 275, 456, 459;
climate, 463, 468;
fauna, 463, 466, =468-470=, 471, 472, 474;
human fossils, 461, =475-485=;
industry (Azilian), 15, 16, 18, =270=, =271=, 275, 276, 456,
=459-465=, 466, =470-475=,
(Tardenoisian) 16, 18, =270=, =271=, 450, 456, =465-468=, 470-472,
(painted pebbles) 394, 456, 461, =463-465=;
stations, 459, 463, 466, 467, =472-475=;
see Origin
B
Badegoule, 279, 331, 336, 435
Badger, 165, 201, 343, 367, 447, 498;
see _Meles taxus_
Ballahöhle, 279, 331, 336
Baltic race, 458, 486, 500;
see Maglemose
Balverhöhle, 471
Baoussé Roussé, see Grimaldi, Grottes de
Baousso da Torre, see Grimaldi, Grottes de
Barma Grande, see Grimaldi, Grottes de
_Bâton de commandement_, 271, 311, 312, 345, =358=, =359=, 388, 391,
432, 443-445, 449
Baumannshöhle, 160, 195, 245, 247, 248, 439
Bear, 43, 44, 62, 95, 96, 165, 213, 245, 264, 287, 288, 333, 343, 348,
367, 378, 430, 441, 447, 461, 468, 498;
see Cave-bear and _Ursus_
Beaver, 63, 95, 134, 165, 182, 288, 348, 367, 447, 461, 468, 498, see
_Castor_;
giant, III, 155, see _Trogontherium_
Bernifal, 321, 395, 396, 435
Billancourt, 109, 149, 152
Bison, Wisent, 13, 43, 44, 69, 71, 95, 98, 106, 125, 147, 165, 192, 194,
196, 202, 206, 211, 223, 287, 288, 317, 321, 333, 348, =353=,
356, 364, 368, 372, 385, =403=, 405, 406, 410, =414=, 420, 421,
=423-428=, =430=, 431, 449, 466, 469, 496, 498, 505, 506, Pls.
VII and VIII;
see _Bison_
_Bison_, _antiquus_, 69;
_priscus_, 71, 95, 148, 368, see Bison
Blade, see _Couteau_ and _Lame_
Bléville, 167
Boar, wild, 2, 3, 43, 44, 76, 95, 264, 265, 421, 426, 447, 461, 466,
468, 498;
see _Sus_
Bockstein, 285, 314, 435, 442
Bois Colombes, 109, 149, 152
Borer, drill, see _Perçoir_
_Bos_, 71, 369, 405;
_longifrons_, 498;
_primigenius_, 71, 94, 222, 368, 413, 468, 469, 498;
_taurus_, 447, 498;
see Cattle
Bossuet, on the prehistory of man, 503, 504
Brachycephaly, 7, 8, 78, 183, 457, 458, 478-485
Brain, anthropoid, 51, 52, 56, 59;
Brünn, 334, 490;
Combe-Capelle, =236=, 302, 490;
Crô-Magnon, 272, 292, 294, 299, 490;
evolution of, 8, 9, =56-60=;
Grimaldi, 269, 490;
Modern, =56-59=, 83, 84, 140, 235, 303, 490;
Neanderthal, 9, 58, 59, =235-237=, 490;
Ofnet, 480, 490;
Piltdown, 58, 59, =139-141=, 236, 490;
_Pithecanthropus_ 9, 58, 59, =83=, =84=, 490
Brassempouy, 14, 279, 314, 322, 331, 347, 355, 393, =395=, 433-435, 438
Brive, 307, 314
Bronze Age, 12, 18, 21, 202, 267, 460, 461, 476
Bruniquel, 279, 348, 388, 427, 435, 436
Brünn, 279, 315, 322, 331, 334-337, =395=, Pl. II;
race, 23, 257, 276, 278, 302, 331, 333, =334-338=, 480, 489-491, 500;
see Brüx, Galley Hill, Předmost, Human fossils, and Origin
Brüx, 334; see Brünn race
Buchenloch, 245, 314, 435
Buffon, G. L. L., 3
_Bühl_, see Postglacial Stage
Burial customs, 24, 215, 221-223, 270, 271, 302, =303-305=, 337,
=376-380=, =475-479=
_Burin_, graver, =270=, =306-308=, 310, 386, 389, 470
C
Cabeço da Arruda, 467, 471, 474
Camargo, 279, 294, 314, 331, 435
Campignian, 493-495
Campigny, 471;
see Campignian
Camps, open, 29, =30=, 176, 283, 284, 314, 334, 337, 341-343, 442, 448
Canary Islands, 453, 454, =506-510=
_Canis_, _lagopus_, =193=, 206, see Fox, arctic;
_neschersensis_, 333;
_suessi_, 147;
see Dog, Jackal, and Wolf
Cannibalism, 184, 477
Cannstatt, 10, 105, 218, 220, 331
Cap-Blanc, 317, =395=, 428, =431=, 435
_Capreolus_, 70, 147, 367, 469;
see Deer, roe-
Capri, 167, 168
Caramanico, 167
Castillo, 33, 150, =162-165=, 167, 245, 246, 279, 314, 319, 320, 324,
325, 331, 342, 349, =395=, =402=, 408, 435, 436, 459, 460, 471
_Castor_, 69;
_fiber_, 147, 183, 470;
see Beaver
Cattle, wild (Aurochs, Urochs, urus), 43, 44, 62, 66, 76, 95, 98, 106,
119, 125, 148, 165, 182, 192, 206, 211, 214, 245, 265, 284, 288,
325, 333, 348, 356, 368, 372, 392, 405, =413=, 461, 466, 468,
469, 497, 498, 505, 506;
see _Bos_ and _Leptobos_
Cave-bear, =10=, =11=, 13, 182, 194, 197, 201, 202, 206, =210=, =211=,
212, 213, 218, 287, =401=, =413=;
see _Ursus spelæus_
Cave-hyæna, 11, 212, 218, 265, 287, 288;
see _Hyæna crocuta spelæa_
Cave-leopard, 206, 287;
see _Felis pardus spelæa_
Cave-lion, 201, 206, 265, 287;
see _Felis leo spelæa_
Caverns, 24;
formation of, =30-33=, 212;
life in, 2, 30, 32, =211-213=, 457
Cavillon, Grotte de, see Grimaldi, Grottes de
Cazelle, 435
Cephalic index, 8, 480, 490
Ceppagna, 167
Cergy, 109, 149, 152
_Cervus, carnutorum_, 71;
_dama_, 498;
_dicranius_, 71;
_elaphus_, 70, 94, 147, 367, 392, 426, 461, 469;
_maral_, 367, 447;
_sedgwicki_, 69, 71;
see Deer and Stag
Chaffaud, Grotte du, 396, 404, 435, 438
Chaleux, Trou de, 435
Chamois, _Rupicapra_, 44, 46, 201, 264, 265, 357, 365, 366, =369=,
=371=, 466
Champs, 435, 436
Champs Blancs, 331, 348, 435
Chancelade, 279, =376-378=, 382, 435
Chapelle-aux-Saints, La, 7, 9, =203=, 214, =222-224=, =226-232=,
=235-238=, =241-243=, 245, 246
Châtelperron, 305, 307, 314;
see _Pointe_
Chellean, 14-16, 18;
chronology, 33, 34, =113-115=, 120;
climate, =117,= =118=;
fauna, =144-148=;
geography (physical), 115, =116=, =154-157=;
industry, 12, 14, 16, 18, 41, 108, 114, =148-154=, =270=, 280, 362;
stations, =149=, 152, 154-158;
see Origin
Chelles, 16, 109, =111=, 116, 149, 152, =154=, 167, 244
Chimpanzee, 3, 8, 49, =52-56=, 58, 59, 78, 140, 227, 231, 235, 490, 511,
512
Chipping, see Flint
Chisel, see _Ciseau_
Chronology, 10, 12-14, 16, =18-24=, =41=, 510;
tables, 18, 21, 22, 23, 33, 41, 43, 54, 108, 280, 362, 395, 491;
means of estimating, 19, 20, =22-24=, =317-320=
_Ciseau_, chisel, =270=, =271=, 388, 392, 444
Climate, effect on fauna, 46, 47, 192, 194, 205, 284-287;
effect on man, 33, 297, 332, 372, 382;
glacial, 20, 29, 34, 37-43, 64-66, 89, 104, 105, 114, 117, 188-194,
202, 205, 281, 285;
interglacial, 20, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37-41, 43, 67, 90, 91, 95, 103, 112,
117, 118, 186-188;
Pliocene, 63;
Postglacial, 23, 41, 43, 276, 281-284, 361-363
Clothing, 2, 178, 186, 213, 388, 392, 496
Cogul, 394, 497
Colombes, 109, 149, 152
Combarelles, 319, =395-397=, =399-401=, 435
Combe-à-Roland, 331
Combe-Capelle, 167, 192, 196, 197, 199, 211, 245, 248, 249, 252, 253,
255, 279, 314;
man (_Homo aurignacensis_), =302=, =303=, 338
Combo-Negro, 435, 436
_Compresseur_, =271=;
see Anvils
Continental outline, 19, =34-37=, 64, 65, 71, 86, 92, 105, 115, 116,
155, 156, 166, 189, 190, 281, 282, 288, 362
Cotte de St. Brelade, La, 214, =225=, 245
Cottés, Les, 213, 314
_Coup de poing_, =113=, =114=, =121=, 129, 130, =152-154=, 169-173,
177-180, 222, 251-254, 256, =270=
_Couteau_ (knife, blade), 130, 172, 177, 180, =270=, 306, 308, 310, 386,
389, 488, 494
Crayford, 198, 245
Créteil, 109, 149, 152
_Cricetus phæus_, 373, =374=;
see Hamster
Crô-Magnon, 279, =291=, 314, 331, 437, Pl. II;
man, 7, =273=, 279, =291-294=, =300=, =301=;
race, 7, 23, 54, 240, 257, 258, 260, 261, 263, 265-276, =278=, 280-282,
284, =289-305=, 336, 351, 358, 376-382, 434, 440, 443, 449-454,
457-459, 489-492, 499, 500, 506-510, Pl. VII
Cromer, Forest Bed of, 64, 67, 68, 71
Crosle Biscot, 435
Crouzade, 331, 341, 435, =437=
Culture, see Industry
_Cyon alpinus fossilis_, 201
D
Dart-thrower, see _Propulseur_
_Daun_, see Postglacial Stage
Deer, =44=, 125, 134, 245, 265, 356, 426, see _Cervus_;
_Axis_, 62, 71, 76, 102;
fallow, 265, 469, 497, see _Cervus dama_;
giant, 43, 94, 96, 165, 187, 206, 211, 213, 288, 335, see _Megaceros_;
polycladine, 63, 102, see _Cervus dicranius_ and _sedgwicki_;
red, 44, 287, 426, 447, see _Cervus elaphus_ and Stag;
roe-, 44, 94, 95, 165, 264, 265, 287, 404, 447, 466, 468, 488, 498,
see _Capreolus_;
rusa, 76
_Dicerorhinus_ (R.), _antiquitatis_, 46, 106, 285, see Rhinoceros,
woolly;
_etruscus_, 41, 63, 69, see Rhinoceros, Etruscan;
_merckii_, 41, =92-94=, 117, 148, 263, see Rhinoceros, Merck's
Dog, domestic, 474, 486, 488, 497, 499
Dolichocephaly, 7, 8, 78, 220, 230, 231, 266, 268, 334, 336, 338, 457,
478-481
Domestic Animals, 447, 466, 474, 486, 488, 497-499
Drill, see _Perçoir_
_Dryopithecus_, 6, 49, 50, 511
Dürnten, 20, 117, 119
Dürntenian, 107, 119
Duruthy, see Sorde
E
Ehringsdorf, 167, 181, 214
Elasmothere, _E. sibiricum_, 46, 286, 373
Elephant, 38, 43, 44, 47, 72, 76, 86, =91-95=, 102, 117, 119, 123, 124,
147, 148, 155, 157, 161, 174, 177, 186, 187, 192, 205, 245, 264;
see _Elephas_
_Elephas_, _antiquus_, 27, 41, 47, 72, 76, =92-94=, 96, 117, 123, 125,
148, 165, 263;
_hysudricus_, 76;
_meridionalis_, 26, 27, 41, 62, 69, 72, =92=, 125;
_planifrons_, 62;
_primigenius_, 26, 46, 106, 285;
_trogontherii_, 41, 93, 102, 117;
see Elephant and Mammoth
Elevation, see Continental outline
Enfants, Grotte des, see Grimaldi, Grottes de, and Grimaldi race
Engis, 435, 453
Engraving, 317, =319-324=, 326, 348, 349, 353, 355, 356, 358, =392-407=
_Eoanthropus dawsoni_, 138, see Piltdown
Eolith, 11, 68, =84-86=, 135
Eolithic, Era, 17, 18;
industry, 17
_Equus_, _caballus celticus_, =367-369=, 400, 408, 412, 419, 431, 432,
498;
_przewalski_, 194, =367=, 373, 408, 410, 419;
_stenonis_, 27, =62=, 63, 69, 72;
see Horse
Erect attitude, 4, =57-60=, 73, 74, 82, 241-244
Ermine, _Mustela erminia_, 46, 207, 370, 447, 469
Etruscan rhinoceros, see Rhinoceros
Eyzies, Les, 13, 249, 279, 331, =378=, 388, 394, 435
F
Fate, Grotte delle, 245, 247
Fauna, 19-21, =38-47=, 61-64, 66, 69, 108;
Acheulean, =117=, =147=, =148=, 165, 177, 182;
African-Asiatic, 43, 44, 47, 62, 63, 71, 72, 86, 91-94, 205, 206, 287;
alpine, 44, 46, 206, 287;
Aurignacian, 284-289;
Azilian-Tardenoisian, 466, =468-470=, 472;
Chellean, =117=, 125, =144-148=;
forest, 44, 71, 206, 287;
glacial, 105, 106, 117, 190-194, 196, 197, 205-214, 265;
interglacial, 69-72 91-98, 101-103, 108-112, 117, 119, 123-125,
186-188, 265;
Magdalenian, =364-376=, 385, 397-434, 449, 466, 469;
meadow, 44, 71, 206, 287;
Mousterian, =117=, 186-188, =190-194=, 196, 197, =199-214=, 218,
221-223, 225, 263, 264;
Pliocene, 54, =61-64=, 144;
Postglacial, =281=, 364, 468, 469, 498, 499;
Pre-Chellean, 108-112, =117=, =125=;
Siwalik, 76;
Solutrean, =332=, =333=, 343, 348;
steppe, 44, 46, 194, 206, 281, 287, 362-366, =373-376=, 449, 450;
tundra, 44, 46, =190-194=, 206-211, 281, 285, 287, 348, 361, 362-366,
=370-373=;
migrations of, 19, 34-37, 62-64, 71, 72, 202, 205-210, 287;
represented in Palæolithic art (list), 366;
see Climate, for effect of, and Faunal lists
Faunal lists, 95, 125, 147, 206, 207, 287, 366
_Faune chaude_, 39, 91, 192;
see Mousterian fauna
_Faune froide_, see Mousterian fauna
Faustkeil, see _Coup de poing_
Fées, Grotte des, 279, 435
_Felis_, _leo_, 72, 92, 469;
_leo antiqua_, 147;
_leo spelæa_, 47, 188;
_manul_, 447;
_pardus spelæa_, 201;
see Cave-leopard, Cave-lion, Leopard, Lion, and Wildcat
Femur (thigh-bone), 73, 74, 77, 80, =237-241=, 266, 298, 376, 380
Fère-en-Tardenois, 16, 465, 471
Ferrassie, La, 7, 214, 216, =219=, =224=, 232, 237, 245, 246, 269
Fire, use of, 2, 165, 212, 213
First Glacial Stage, see Glacial Epoch
First Interglacial Stage, see Glacial Epoch
Fishing, 355, 385, 390, 450, 465, 471
Flake, see Levallois
Flaking, see Flint
Flint, chipping, 170;
cleavage, 171;
flaking, 169
Floors, Mousterian, 198, 199
Flora, 20;
Acheulean, 117, 118, 174, 175;
Chellean, 117, 118;
glacial, 65, 108, 117-119, 191, 192, 202, 208;
interglacial, 20, 67, 90, 91, 117-119;
Mousterian, 199;
Pliocene, 61, 63;
Postglacial, 361, 372, 375, 463, 488;
Pre-Chellean, 117, 118;
Pre-Neolithic, 488
Font-de-Gaume, 283, 314, 318, 319, 321, 325, 331, 349, 356, 358, 365,
372, 395-397, 399, 406-409, 412, =414-424=, 435, 449
Font Robert, 277, 311, 314, 331, 340, 344
Forestian, Upper, 362;
Lower, 282
Forests, see Flora
Foro, 167
Fourth Glacial Stage, see Glacial Epoch
Fox, 43, 63, 71, 206, 265, 287, 333, 343, 348, 366, 447, 498, see
_Vulpes_;
arctic, 44, 46, =193=, 207, 287, 289, 348, 370, 447, 468, 469, see
_Canis lagopus_.
Freudenthal, 279, 435
Frileuse, 167
Frontal, Trou de, 435
Fuente del Frances, 435
Furfooz, 7, 279, =481-483=, Pl. II;
race, 278, 458, 480, 482-485, 489, 491, 492, 500;
see Grenelle, Ofnet, and Origin
Furninha, 167, 168
G
Galley Hill, 28, 302, 337, 338;
see Brünn race
Gansersfelsen, 435
Garenne, 435, 440
Gargano, 167
Gargas, 31, 307, 314, 317, 325, =327=, 349, =394=, =395=
Germolles, 307, 314
Gibbon, =49-54=, 58, 61, 63, 77, 511;
see _Hylobates_
Gibraltar skull, 7, 9, 140, 214, =215=, =216=, 219, 226, 228, 232, 233,
236
Glacial Epoch, 18-23, 33, 40, 41, 43, 54;
chronology, 18-23, 40, 41, 108, 188, 280, 362;
see Climate, Continental outline, Fauna, Glaciers;
First Glacial Stage (Günz), 23, 25, 26, 37, 38, 41, 43, =64-66=;
Second Glacial Stage (Mindel), 23, 25, 26, 33, 37, 38, 41, 43, 65,
=86-90=;
Third Glacial Stage (Riss), 23, 25, 26, 33, 37-39, 41, 43, 94,
=104-106=, 115;
Fourth Glacial Stage (Würm), 18, 22, 23, 25, 26, 30, 32, 33, 36-38,
41, 43, 107, 108, 117, 160, =188-195=, 205, 206, 280, 281, 284,
285, 362,
_Laufenschwankung_, 41, 108, 280, 362;
First Interglacial Stage (Günz-Mindel or Norfolkian), 23, 26, 29,
33-35, 38, 41, 43, =66-72=, 84, 95, 115;
Second Interglacial Stage (Mindel-Riss), 23, 25, 29, 33, 38, 40, 41,
43, 69, =90-95=, 109-111, 114, 115;
Third Interglacial Stage (Riss-Würm), 23, 25, 29, 33, 34, 36, 38-41,
43, 69, 94, 107, 108, 112, 113, =115-119=, 186-188, 280, 362;
Postglacial Stage, 18-23, 29, 32, 33, 36, 41, 43, 108, =280-284=, 362,
468, 510,
_Bühl_, 23, 25, 26, 41, 108, 276, 280, =281=, =361=, =362=, 370,
372, 446, 447, 449,
_Gschnitz_, 23, 41, 108, 276, 280, =281=, 362, =363=, 372, 449, 450,
_Daun_, 23, 41, 108, 276, 280, =281=, 362, =363=,
_Achenschwankung_, 25, 26, =281=, =282=, 284
Glaciers, 64-66, 89, 90, 94, 104-106, 118, 189, 190, 361-363
Glutton, see _Gulo luscus_ and Wolverene
Gobelsburg, 435, 448
Goccianello, 167, 168
Gorge d'Enfer, 331, 435
Gorilla, 49, 52, =54-56=, 511, 512
Goulaine, 435, 438
Gourdan, 214, 279, 331, 341, 369, 388, 392, 435, 438
Goyet, 435
_Grattoir_, 129, 130, 177, 254, =270=, =306-310=, =386=, 390, 470,
=473=, 494;
_caréné_, 308, =309=, 463
Graver, see _Burin_
_Gravette_, etching tool, 270
Gravette, La, 277, 311, 314
Gray's Thurrock, 28, 109, 116, 128, 149, 152, =156=, =157=
Greek conception of nature and of the prehistory of man, 1-3
Grenelle, 279, 481, 482, 484;
race, see Furfooz
Grèze, La, 314, 317, 327, 331, =395=, 396
Grimaldi, Grottes de (Baoussé Roussé), 245, 247, =262-265=, 279, =294=,
295, 312-314, 321, 323, 380;
Baousso da Torre, 263, 294;
Barma Grande, 263, 294;
Cavillon, Grotte de, 263, 294;
Enfants, Grotte des, =263-265=, 292, 294-297, see Grimaldi race;
Prince, Grotte du, 262, 263
Grimaldi race, 7, 19, 245, 260, 262-269, 278, 279, =294=, 301, 314,
490-492
_Gschnitz_, see Postglacial Stage
Guanches, 453-455, 507-510
Gudenushöhle, 245, 248, 279, 307, 314, 435, 448
_Gulo luscus_, 469;
_borealis_, =193=;
see Wolverene
Günz, see Glacial Epoch
H
_Hachette_ (_tranchette_, chopper, cleaver), =270=, 488, 494
Hammer-stone, see _Percuteur_
Hamster, 46, 63, 147, 165, 287, 362, 364, =374=
Hand-axe, see _Coup de poing_
Hand-stone, see _Coup de poing_
Hare, 289, 333, 368, 447, 468, 498, see _Lepus_ (_timidus_);
arctic, 46, 207, 287, 348, 370, 447, 468, 469, see _Lepus variabilis_;
tailless, see _Lagomys_ and Pika
Harpoons, 355, 383-385, =387=, =388=, 390, 391, 440, 443-445, 449, 450,
456, =460-462=, 465, 466, 470, 474, 486, 487
Hastings, 471, 475
Heidelberg man, Mauer, 7, 23, 24, 40, 41, 53, 54, 90, =95-101=, 114,
138, 143, 144, 214, 228, 229, 489, 491, 492, Pl. II
Heidelberg race, see Heidelberg man and Origin
Helin, 109, =116=, 127, =128=, 149, 152, 166, 167
Helvetian, see Dürntenian
Hermida, La, 435
Hippopotamus, _H. major_, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 47, 69, 71, 86, 91,
=92-94=, 102, 117, 123-125, 134, 147, 148, 155, 157, 165, 174,
177, 186, 192, 199, 263, 264
Höhlefels bei Hütten, 435, 442
Höhlefels bei Schelklingen, 435, 442
Hohlestein, 314, 435
Hommes, Grotte des, 279, 435
_Homo_, _aurignacensis_, see Combe-Capelle man;
_heidelbergensis_, see Heidelberg man;
_mousteriensis_, see Neanderthal race;
_neanderthalensis_, see Neanderthal race;
_sapiens_, 7, 9, 10, 54, 230-234, 257, 260, 261, 278, 334, 484, 490,
491, 500
Horace, on the prehistory of man, 3, 504
Hornos de la Peña, =245-247=, 314, 331, =395=, 435, 436
Horse, 45, 165, 182, 192, 225, 284, 355, 385, 392, =404=, 405, 407,
=408=, =410=, =412-414=, =431=, =432=, 469, 498;
Desert, Plateau or Celtic, see _Equus caballus celticus_;
Forest or Nordic, 95, 147, 288, 289, =367=, 369, 400, 498;
Hipparion, 63;
kiang or wild ass, 194, 285-287, 366, =367=, =372-374=, 400, 447;
Solutré, =288=, =289=, 414;
Steno's, 34, 96, 110, 111, 125, see _Equus stenonis_;
Steppe, see _Equus przewalski_
Hôteaux, Les, 279, =378=, =379=, 435
Hoxne, 158
Human figures, 317, =321-323=, =328=, =329=, 337, 357, 393, =395=, 399,
=433=, 434, 497
Human fossils, 4, 11;
distribution of, 214, 279;
tables of, 7, 219, 294, 336, 378, 490;
see Lists
Human races, see Lists and Origin
Hunting, 2, 11, 166, 202, =211-214=, 283, 372, 456, 471, 496, 497
Hyæna, 43, 62, 76, 110, 147, 148, 155, 165, 188, 214, 245, 265, 317,
356, 476;
see Cave-hyæna and _Hyæna_
_Hyæna_, _brevirostris_, 125;
_crocuta_, 102, 147;
_crocuta spelæa_, 47, 102, 188;
_striata_, 92, 102;
see Hyæna
_Hylobates_, 6;
see Gibbon
I
Ibex, _Ibex priscus_, 44, 46, 201, 206, 264, 265, 287, 289, 321, 348,
=357=, 369, =371=, 391, 401, 405, 433, 447, 466, 469, 497
Ice Age, see Glacial Epoch
Ice-fields, 19, 22; see Glaciers
Implements, 11, 27-30, 130, =270=, =271=;
art, =270=, 329, 330;
see Eolith, Flint, Industry, Lists, Neolith, Palæolith
Industry, 4, 11, 12-14, 19, 33, see Acheulean, Aurignacian,
Azilian-Tardenoisian, Chellean, Campignian, Magdalenian,
Mousterian, Neolithic, Pre-Chellean, Solutrean;
see Lists and Implements
Interglacial Stages, see Glacial Epoch
Iron Age, 12, 18, 21, 202, 267
Irpfelhöhle, 245, 248
Istein, 469, 471-473
Isturitz, 347, =395=
J
Jackal, 43, 44;
see _Canis neschersensis_
Javelin point, see _Sagaie_
Jerboa, 46, 194, 287, 364;
see _Alactaga jaculus_
K
Kärlich, 314
Kartstein, 245, 248, 314, 435
Kastlhäng, 370, 435, 442
Kent's Hole, 10, 152, =244=, =245=, 435, 440
Kesslerloch, 279, 286, 355, 361, 364, 378, 383, 435, 436, 441, 442,
=444-446=, 449
Kiang, wild ass, see Horse
Kleinkems, 471
Knife, blade, see _Couteau_ and _Lame_
Knight, Charles R., see Restorations
Kostelìk, 435, 448
Krapina, 7, 162, 167, =181-185=, 214, 219, 220, 228, 229, 256
Krems, 119, 248, 289, 307, 314, 435, 448
L
Lacave, 279, 331, 340, 345, 347, 391
_Lagomys_, 63;
_pusillus_, 202, 370, see Pika
_Lagopus_, see Ptarmigan
Lamarck, on man, 4
_Lame_, blade, 271
_Lampe_, lamp, 270, =401=, =402=
_Laufenschwankung_, see Glacial Epoch
Laugerie Basse, 13, 14, 275, 279, 331, 348,
=376-378=, 385, 388, 392, 407, 434, 435, 471
Laugerie Haute, 13, 14, 279, 294, =296=, 314, 331, 346, 352, 435
Laussel, 245, 246, 249, 275, 313, 314, 317, =326-329=, 331, 352,
=395=, 435
Lauterach, 314
Lemming, 46, 191, =193=, 194, 202, 207, 281, 287, 333, 348, 361,
364, 370, 469, 476;
see _Myodes_
Leopard, 265, 348;
see Cave-leopard and _Felis pardus spelæa_
Leptobos, 71;
_elatus_, 62;
_etruscus_, 63;
see Cattle
_Lepus_, 469;
_cuniculus_, 364, see Rabbit;
_timidus_, 364, see Hare;
_variabilis_, 206, see Hare, arctic
Levallois, 167, 179
Levallois flake, 167, 168, =179=, 180, 199, 250, 251
Limeuil, 279, 435
Lion, 43, 86, 94-96, 98, 148, 165, 188, 281, 317, 348, 356, 365, 378,
400, =407=, 446, 468, 472, 498;
see Cave-lion and _Felis leo_
_Lissoir_, polisher, smoother, =270=, =271=, 380, 388, 392, 456, 463,
466, 470
Lists and Tables, chronology, 18, 21, 22, 23, 33, 41, 54, 108, 280, 362;
climatic changes, 38, 39, 41, 43, 117, 191, 192, 275, 281, 284,
361-364;
fauna, 21, 41, 43, 54, 62, 95, 125, 147, 206, 207, 287;
human fossils, 7, 9, 219, 236, 237, 239, 266, 294, 295, 336, 378, 490;
human races, 41, 54, 108, 278, 280, 362, 458, 490, 491, 499, 500;
industries, divisions of, 18, 113, 114, 248, 249, 252, 340, 389,
succession of, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 33, 41, 108, 280, 362;
implements, 130, 172, 254, 270, 271, 306, 308, 310
Liveyre, 331, 435
Loam, 5, 24, 27, 28
Loess, 5, 23-25, =29=, =30=, 36, 38, 46, 97, 103, 112, 115, 117-119,
122-124, 151, 159, 161, 162, 174, 176, 181, 252, 281, 282, 284,
286, 314, 334, 337, 364, 376, 442, 448;
stations, see Camps, open
Longueroche, 435, 471
Lorthet, 406, 407, 435, 438, 471
Lourdes, 279, 388, 432, 435, 436, 438, 471
Lower Rodent Layer, see Rodent Layers
Lucretius on the prehistory of man, 1, 2, 503
Lussac, 279, 435
_Lutra vulgaris_, 147;
see Otter
_Lynchus lynx_, 469;
see Lynx
Lynx, 43, 63, 206, 287, 367, 466;
see _Lynchus lynx_
M
Macaque, 54, 61, 63, 69, 76
Macerata, 167
_Machærodus_, 41, 69, 244;
see Sabre-tooth tiger
Madeleine, La, 13, 16, 279, 351, =383-389=, 398, 435, 443, 445, 449, 471
Magdalenian, 14-16, 18, 276, 277, 351-360;
art, 351-357, 365, 366, 393, =395-434=;
burial customs, =376-380=;
chronology, 18, 33, 41, 108, 276, 280, 281, 351, 361-364;
climate, 276, =360-364=, =370-376=, 443, 447, 449, 450;
fauna, =361-376=, 443, 445-447, 449, 450;
human fossils, =376-382=;
industry, 14-16, =270=, =271=, 275, 276, 351-356, 358, =382-392=, 436,
440, 443-450;
stations, 351, =434-449=;
see Origin and Rodent Layers
Maglemose, 458, 471, =487=, =488=, 501
Magrite, Trou, 314, 331, 344, 435
Mairie, Grotte de la, 317, =395=, 400, 405, 412, =413=, 435, 442
Malarnaud, 214, 219
Mammoth, 10, 43, 102, 109, 117, 134, 147, 148, 177, 187, 194, 200, 202,
205, 206, 213, 218, 281, 288, 289, 316, 317, 321, 324-326, 333,
337, =348-350=, 356, 364, 372, 385, 401, 403, =420=, =421=,
=427=, 429, 449, 450, 476, see _Elephas_;
woolly, 13, 40, 41, 43, 106, 117, 174, 187, =190-192=, 196, 205,
=207=, =208=, 210, 218, 221, =285-289=, 334, 335, 363, 370, 372,
384, =397=, =398=, 420, 427, 446, see _Elephas primigenius_
Man, ancestry of, 3-7, =49-64=, 491, 511
Mantes-la-Ville, 167
Marcilly-sur-Eure, 214
Mare-au-Clercs, La, 167
Marignac, 109, 126, 149, 152
Markkleeberg, 167
Marmot, _Arctomys marmotta_, 182, 201, 206, 265, 370
Marsoulas, 314, 319, 321, 328, 373, =394=, =395=, 396, 399, 403, 405,
415, 416, 435, 471, 485
Marten, 71, 165, 201, 265, 367, 380, 447, 498;
see _Mustela martes_
Martinshöhle, 435, 471
Mas d'Azil, 15, 16, 279, 319, 357, 375, 380, 385, 388, 391-396, 432,
433, 435, 437, 449, =458-465=, 471, 472, 474
Massat, 437, 471
Mastodon, 62, 70, 134
Maszycka, 435, 436, 449
Mauer, see Heidelberg man
McGregor, J. Howard, see Restorations
Mediterranean race, 261, 278, 457, 458, 479, 480, 485, 489, 491, 492,
499, 500
_Megaceros_, 45, =68=, 70, 106, 147, 182, 196, 287, 367;
see Deer, giant
_Meles taxus_, 147;
see Badger
Mentone, 247, 322, 395, 472, 473;
see Grimaldi, Grottes de
Merck's Rhinoceros, see _Dicerorhinus_ and Rhinoceros
Mesaticephaly, 8, 479
Metternich, 284, 314
Micoque, La, 113, =167=, =168=, 179, 192, 196, 245, 246, 248, 249
Microlith, see _Microlithique_
_Microlithique_, microlith, =270=, 306, 308, 310, 388, 396, 450, 470-472
Migration, of fauna, see Fauna;
of human races and industries, see Origin
Mindel, see Glacial Epoch
Miskolcz, 245, 248, 331
Mommenheim, 245, 247, 248
Monkeys, 54, 61-63
Montconfort, 279, 331, 435
Montfort, 341, 471
Monthaud, 331, 346
Montières, 109, 127, 149, 152, 186, 244, 245, 283, 314, 331
Moose, 44, 94, 96, 265, 281, 348, 366, 468, 469, 472, 488, 496-498;
see Alces
Moulin-de-Laussel, 331
Mousterian, 14-16, 18, 30, =186-188=, 248-250;
burial customs, 222, 223, 271;
chronology, 18, 33, 41, 108, 280, 362;
climate, 117, 123, =188-199=, 202, 205, 207;
fauna, 117, 190-194, 196, =199-214=;
flora, 199;
human fossils, =218-226=;
industry, 14-16, =113=, =248-256=, =270=, =271=;
stations, 194-202, =244-248=;
see Caverns, life in, Floors, and Origin
Moustier, Le, 13, 16, =196-199=, 214, 245, 246, 251, 253, 255;
man, 7, 196, 214, =221-223=, 226, 228, frontispiece
Mouthe, La, 17, 246, 279, 314, 317, 320, 321, 394, =395=, =398=, =399=,
401
Mugem, 471, 474, 486
Munzingen, 160, 195, 435, 439, 442, 443
Murals, see Painting
Musk-ox, 42-44, 46, 65, =66=, 187, 191, =193=, 207, 285, 287, 289, 348,
362, 366, 370;
see _Ovibos moschatus_
_Mustela_, _erminea_, see Ermine;
_martes_, 147, 469, see Marten.
_Myodes_, _lemmus_, 210;
_obensis_, 206, 285, 370;
_torquatus_, =193=, 202, 206, 285, 370, 441, 446, 447;
see Lemming
N
Narbonne, 435, 437
Naulette, La, 7, 214, =221=, 228
Neanderthal, cave, 31, 214, 216, 217, Pl. II;
burial customs, see Mousterian;
man, 5, 7, 9, 56, 181, =216-219=, 490;
race, frontispiece, 5-7, 9, 23, =40=, =41=, 54, 136, 182, 191, 196,
=211-244=, 256, 258, 263, 272, 491, 492,
anatomical features, 53-56, 183, 184, 203, 219-223, =226-244=, 490,
chronology, 41, 108, 257, 262, 280, 491,
compared with Crô-Magnon, 297, 298,
discoveries, 181-185, =215-226=,
distribution of, 214, 219;
see Origin
Necklace, 302, 304, 376, 378, =437=, 472
Needle, see _Aiguille_
Negroid race, 261, 262, =266-269=, 278, 301, 302, 321, 492
Neolith, 11, 496
Neolithic, New Stone Age, 10, 13, 18, 19, 21, 41, 108, 280, 362, 447,
482, 484-486, 488, 493-501
_Neopithecus_, 49
Neschers, 245, 435, =438=
Niaux, 314, 319, 353, 373, 391, =394=, =395=, 400, 406, =409-411=, 412,
429, 435
Niedernau, 370, 435
Norfolkian, see First Interglacial Stage and Forest Bed of Cromer
Nutons, Trou des, 435
O
Oban, 474, 475, 486
Obercassel, man, 7, 279, 353, 378, =380-382=, 435, 443
Oberlarg, 435
Ochos, 214, 219, =221=, 228, 245, 248
Ofnet, 279, 285, 314, 331, 370, 435, 469, 471, 473, =475-481=;
races, 442, 457-460, 480, 481, 490, 491, 500;
see Furfooz race and Origin
Ojcow, 331, 436, 449
Ondratitz, 331
Orang, 3, 49, =52-54=, 56, 77, 511
Origin, of industries, Acheulean, 261, 492,
Aurignacian, 261, 289, 305-307, 322, 492,
Azilian-Tardenoisian, 457, 470-472, 492,
Chellean, 126, 261, 492,
Magdalenian, 351-353, 383,
Mousterian, 261,
Pre-Chellean, 126,
Solutrean, 330, 331, 340, 353, 492;
of human races,
Alpine, 458, 484, 485,
Brünn, 331, 492,
Crô-Magnon, 261, 322, 492,
Furfooz, 492,
Grimaldi, 262,
Heidelberg, 492,
Mediterranean, 492,
Neanderthal, 492,
Ofnet, 457, 484, 485,
Piltdown, 492,
Teutonic, 486
Otter, 63, 71, 76, 165, 201, 287, 468, 498;
see _Lutra vulgaris_
_Ovibos_, 376;
_moschatus_, =193=, 445, 447, see Musk-ox
_Ovis argaloides_, 369;
see Argali sheep
P
Painted Pebbles, see Azilian-Tardenoisian industry
Painting, 305, 316-318, 320, 321, =324=, =325=, 327, 328, 330, 358, 365,
=394-396=, 404-406, 408-429, 464, 465, 474, 496, 497
Pair-non-Pair, 279, 307, 314, 317, 320-322, 331, =336=, =394-396=
Palæolith, 11, 24, 84, 85, 109, 111, 158, 389
Palæolithic, Old Stone Age, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 28, 33, 41, 108, 160,
280, 362;
Lower Palæolithic, 14, 41, 108, 113, 114, 214, 280, 362, 490, 491;
Upper Palæolithic, 14, 41, 108, 214, 275, 276, 278, 280, 362, 395,
396, 490, 491, 500;
chronology, 18, 41, 108, 280, 362, 456
_Palæopithecus_, 49, 511
Parietal Art, see Painting
Pasiega, La, 319, =395=, =402-405=
Pataud, 245, 246, 331
Paviland, 279, =289=, =290=, 294, 314, 440
Pech de l'Azé, 214, 219, 245
_Perçoir_, drill, borer, 130, 135, 153, 172, 179, 253, 254, =270=, 306,
308, 310, 311, 344, 346, 385, 386, 388, 390, 392, 470, 473, 488
_Percuteur_, hammer-stone, 130, 254, =270=, 306
Pescara, 167
Petit Puymoyen, 214, 245, 246
_Pic_, pick, 494
_Pierre de jet_, throwing stone, 130, 172, 213, 254, =270=, 306
Pika, 46, 362, 447;
see _Lagomys_ (_pusillus_)
Piltdown, 109, 116, 128, =130-135=, 149, 152, 214, Pl. II;
industry, 127, 128, =133-135=;
man (_Eoanthropus_), 7, 23, 24, 40, 50, 53, 54, 56, =130-145=, 214,
489-491;
race, see Piltdown man and Origin
Pindal, =314-316=, 325, 349, =394=, =395=
_Pithecanthropus_, Trinil race, 7, 23, 24, 40, 53, 54, 86, 491, 511,
Pl. II;
anatomical features, 9, 10, 53, 56, 74, =77-84=, 233, 234, 240, 490;
discovery, =73-77=
Placard, 279, 331, =333=, =334=, 340, 345-348, 352, 353, 355, =378-380=,
383, 385, 389, 435, 436, 438
Planing tool, see _Grattoir_
Pleistocene, see Glacial Epoch
_Pliohylobates_, 49, 54
_Pliopithecus_, 49, 54
_Poignard_, dagger, poniard, =271=, 392, 432
_Poinçon_, awl, 271, 308, 346, 392, 470
_Pointe_, point, knife, lance head, spear head, =15=, 113, 153, 172,
177, 179, =248-255=, =270=, 306, 308, 310, 311, 473;
Châtelperron, 306, 307, 311;
_pointe à cran_, shouldered, =270=, 308, 310, 313, 334, 340, 342,
345, 346, 352;
_pointe à face plane_, 341;
_pointe de lance_, =271=, 306;
_pointe de laurier_, laurel leaf, =15=, =270=, 310-312, 334, 337,
339-341, 344, 345, 347, 348, 352;
_pointe de sagaie_, javelin point, =271=, 308, 340, 346, 354, 355,
361, 364, 370, 383, 387, 390, 442, 449, 462, 494;
_pointe de saute_, willow leaf, 340, 344, 347;
_pointe à soie_, =270=, 310, 311, 313, 340, 345
Polisher, see _Lissoir_
Portel, Le, 319, 394, =411=, =412=
Postglacial Stage, see Glacial Epoch
Pottery, 461, 466, 474, 486, 488, 496
Praule, Trou de, 435
Pre-Chellean, 16, 18, 36, 41;
chronology, 18, 33, 40, 41, 90, =107-115=, 280, 362;
climate, 108, 112, 114, =117=, =118=, 123;
fauna, 108-112, 117, 124, =125=;
industry, 40, 114, =120-130=, =270=;
stations, 109, 116, =122-128=, 149, 150-152, 158, see Continental
outline and Origin
Předmost, 257, 279, 331, 341, 345, 348, 349, 366, =395=, 427;
see Brünn race;
mammoth hunters, 279, =337=
Primates, 3-10, 40, =49-64=, 73-84, 86, 140, 141, 217, 219, 227, 231,
233-235, 237-240, 490, 491
Prince, Grotte du, see Grimaldi, Grottes de
_Propliopithecus_, 49, 54
Propstfels, 372, 435, 442, 469
_Propulseur_, spear thrower, dart thrower, =271=, 355, 391, 432, 433,
436, 445, =449=
Ptarmigan, _Lagopus_, 44, 206, 207, 287, 289, 370, =371=, =375=, 469
Q
Quartz, 166
Quartzite, 163, 164, 265
Quina, La, 9, 113, 211, 213, 214, 245, 246, 248, 253-256;
man, 7, 9, 214, 216, 217, =219=, 221, =225=, 236, 237, 248
R
Rabbit, 265, 343, 368, 468;
see _Lepus cuniculus_
_Racloir_, scraper, 113, 114, 130, 135, 172, =178=, 209, 248, 250, 251,
=253-255=, =270=, 306, 387, 388, 470, 472, 473, 488
_Rangifer tarandus_, =193=, =209=, 210, =285=;
see Reindeer
Räuberhöhle, 245, 247, 248, 314
Raymonden, 349, 376, 388, 435
Reilhac, 331, 471
Reindeer, 13, 41, =43=, =44=, 46, 102, 103, 187, =191-194=, 196, 197,
202, 205, 206, =209=, 210-212, 214, 221, 223, 225, 284, =285=,
286-289, 314, 317, 332, 333, =365=, =366=, 370, 372, 385, 392,
399, =405=, =407=, 411-413, 415, 419-421, =429=, 433, 440,
=441=, 445, 447, 461, 462, 468, 469, 471, 474, 481, 498;
see _Rangifer_
Reindeer Epoch, Period, 13, 14, 102, 192, 275, 286, 363, 375, 392, 438,
456, 459
Religion, 272, 358-360, 463, 465, 501
Remouchamp, 471, 474
Ressaulier, 435, 436
Restorations, Knight, Charles R., frontispiece, 358;
McGregor, J. Howard, 9, 79-82, 87, 137, 140, 142, 143, 145, 203, 242,
243, 273, 293, 300, 301;
Rutot-Mascré, 73, 101, 484, 495
Retouch, =169-172=, 248, 269, 306, 308, 310, 331, 332, 338, 339, 358,
389
Rey, 331
Rhens, 284, 314
Rhinoceros, 38, 39, 43, 44, 62, 76, 123, 221, 245, 289, 337, 356, 365,
see _Dicerorhinus_;
Etruscan, 34, 95-97, 101, 109, 110-112, 117, 125, 134, 144, see _D.
etruscus_;
Merck's (broad-nosed), 27, 43, 47, =93=, =94=, 97, 102, 109, 119, 124,
125, 134, 147, 148, 151, 155, 157, 161, 164, 165, 177, 182, 186,
187, 192, 205, 263-265, see _D. merckii_;
woolly, 11, 13, 40, 41, 117, 148, 174, 187, =190=, 191, 196, 199, 205,
206, =208-210=, 213, 218, 223, 225, 281, =285-288=, 314, =319=,
324-326, 348, 363, 366, 372, 400, 409, see _D. antiquitatis_
Riss, see Glacial Epoch
River-drifts, 5, 11, 12, 23;
formation, =24-27=, 90, 119, 154-157, 186;
stations, 114-116, 119-124, 154-156;
terraces, 20, 23, =24-28=, 34, 85, 90, 104, 154-157, 162
Robenhausen, 471, 495
Roccamorice, 167
Roche au Loup, 307, 314
Rochette, La, 245, 246
Rock Shelters, 32, 33
Rodent Layers, 447;
Lower, 206, 207, 211, 281, 314;
Upper, 281, 361, 363, 446
Romanelli, 306, 314
Rüderbach, 167
Rüdersheim, 167
_Rupicapra_, see Chamois
Ruth, Le, 314, 331, 435
Rutot-Mascré, see Restorations
S
Sablon, 162, 167
Sabre-tooth tiger, 34, 43, 62, 69, =70=, 72, 94, 102, 110-112, 117, 125,
144, 147;
see _Machærodus_
_Sagaie_, javelin point, see _Pointe de sagaie_
Saiga antelope, 44, 46, 194, 287, 289, 333, 357, 362, 366, 373, =374=,
376, =449=
_Saiga tartarica_, see Saiga antelope
Salitre, 435
Saint Acheul, 5, 14, 16, 109, 116, =119-124=, 127-129, =149-152=, 155,
162, 163, 166, 167, 170, 244, 245, 249, 283, 314, 331, 435, 440
Saint Lizier, 435
Saint Martin d'Excideuil, 331
Saint Prest, 17, 67-69
San Isidro, 109, 126, 149, 152, 167, 245, 246
_Sciurus vulgaris_, 367;
see Squirrel
Schmiechenfels, 372, 435, 469
Schussenquelle, 372, 435, 442
Schussenried, 435, 441;
see Schussenquelle
Schweizersbild, 286, 361, 364, 370, 435, 441, 442, =444-447=, 449, 460
Scraper, see _Racloir_
Sculpture, 317, =320-323=, =328=, =329=, =347-349=, 356-358, 392, 393,
=395=, 396, =427-434=
Second Glacial Stage, see Glacial Epoch
Second Interglacial Stage, see Glacial Epoch
Seven Oaks, 471, 475
Shelters, abris, see Rock Shelters
Šipka, 214, 219, =221=, 228, 245, 247, 248, 435, 449
Sireuil, 314, 322, 395
Sirgenstein, =201=, =202=, 245, 248, 285, 314, 331, 370, 372, 435, 441,
460
_Sivapithecus_, 511
Siwalik, see Fauna
Solutré, 16, 279, 283, 286, 288, 294, 314, 330, 331, =341-345=, 373,
435, 436, 438
Solutrean, 14-16, 18, 41, =270=, =271=, 276, 278, 280;
art, =347-350=, 357;
burial customs, 332;
chronology, 18, 33, 41, 108, 280, 362;
climate, 41, 108, 276, 280, 281, =332=, =333=;
fauna, =332-334=, 343, 348, 366;
human fossils, 279, =334-337=;
industry, 275-278, 330-332, 334, =338-348=, 351, 352, 354, 358;
stations, 326-328, =331=, 337, =340-348=, see Origin
Somme River, 12, 110, 112, =114-117=, 119, 120, =122-125=, 127, 162,
252, 276
Sorde, 279, 378, 435, 438
Souzy, 435
_Spermophilus rufescens_, 194, 373;
see Suslik
Spear-point, see _Pointe_
Speech, power of, 4, 58, 60, 139, 140
Spiennes, 127, 128, 495
Spy, 162, 214, 244, 245, 311, 314, 331;
man, 7, 181, 214, =218-220=, 226, 228, 229, 231-233, 235-237, 244,
256, 257, 490
Squirrel, 447, 498; see _Sciurus vulgaris_
Stag, 43, 44, 95, 106, 119, 187, 201, 202, 264, 265, 288, 333, 364,
367, 370, 372, 405, =426=, 429, 456, 461, 463, 468, 469, 481,
488, =497=, 498;
see _Cervus elaphus_ and Deer, red
_Stegodon_, 76, 134
Strassberg, 435
Stratification of Castillo, 164;
Enfants, Grotte des, 265;
Heidelberg, 97;
Madeleine, La, 385;
Mas d'Azil, 461;
Ofnet, 476;
Piltdown, 133;
Placard, 333-334;
Saint Acheul, 122, 123, 150;
Schweizersbild, 447;
Sirgenstein, 202
Subsidence, see Continental outline
Sureau, Trou du, 435
_Sus_, _arvernensis_, 63;
_scrofa_, 71;
_scrofa ferus_, 147, 165, 368, 469;
_scrofa palustris_, 499;
see Boar
Suslik, 206, 289, 447;
see _Spermophilus rufescens_
T
Tables, see Lists
Tardenoisian, see Azilian-Tardenoisian
Tasmanian compared with Neanderthal, 232, 233;
see Neanderthal
Taubach, 119, 167, 214
Tectiforms, =283=, 284, 403, 404
Terraces, see River-drifts
Teutonic race, 458, 486, 488, 499-501
Teyjat, 388, 394, 396, 435;
see Mairie, Grotte de la, and Abri Mège
Thiede, 314
Third Glacial Stage, see Glacial Epoch
Third Interglacial Stage, see Glacial Epoch
Throwing stone, see _Pierre de jet_
Thumb, opposable, 55, 58, 60, 240
Tibia, shin-bone 237-239, 241, 266, 298
Tilloux, 109, 149, 152, 167
Torralba, 109, 126, 149, 152
Tourasse, La, 471, 486
Trilobite, Grotte du, 314, =324=, =326=, 331, 340, 341, =344=, =347=,
440
Trinil race, see _Pithecanthropus_
_Trogontherium_, 45, 69, 94;
see Beaver, giant
Tuc d'Audoubert, 32, 395, 396, 406, =427-431=, 435
Tundra, see Climate, glacial;
see Fauna
Turbarian, Lower, 361;
Upper, 363
U
Upper drift, 191
Upper Rodent Layer, see Rodent Layers
Urochs, Aurochs, see _Bos primigenius_ and
Cattle
_Ursus_, _arctos_, 102, 147, 211, 469;
_arvernensis_, 63, 94, 102;
_deningeri_, 102;
_spelæus_, 45, 183, =210=, =211=, 369;
see Bear and Cave-bear
V
Vache, Grotte de la, 435, 437, 471
Valle, 435, 466, 471, 474
Venosa, 167
Villejuif, 30, 167, 176
Volgu, 331, 339, 345
Völklinshofen, 284, 314
_Vulpes_, 469;
see Fox
W
Warm fauna, see _Faune chaude_
Weimar, 167
Wierschowie, 245, 248, 331
Wildcat, _Felis catus_, 43, 63, 95, 287, 498
Wildhaus, 314, 435
Wildkirchli, =200=, 201, 245, 247, 256
Wildscheuer, 286, 314, 370, 435, 442, 444
Willendorf, 30, 279, 311-315, 322, 395
Winterlingen, 435
Wisent, see Bison
Wolf, 43, 44, 71, 95, 147, 165, 187, 206, 264, 265, 287, 288, 333, 343,
348, =356=, 366, 441, 447, 468, 498;
see _Canis suessi_ and _Cyon alpinus fossilis_
Wolvercote, 167
Wolverene, glutton, 44, 46, 71, =193=, 287, 289, 348, 370, 447, 468, 498;
see _Gulo luscus_
Würm, see Glacial Epoch
Wüste Scheuer, 471
Z
Zonhoven, 471, 474
Zuffenhausen, 314
[Illustration: THE PRINCIPAL CAVERN REGIONS OF SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE
INCLUDING THE CAVERNS THAT CONTAIN PALEOLITHIC MURAL DECORATIONS
Region traversed in the author's motor tour of 1912 through the
Palæolithic caverns of Italy, France, and Spain.]
FOOTNOTES:
[A] The folding map at the end of the volume exhibits the entire extent of
the author's tour.
[B] Lucretius was born 95 B. C. His poem was completed before 53 B. C. In
the opening lines of Book III he attributes all his philosophy and science
to the Greeks. See Appendix, Note I.
[C] Lucretius, _On the Nature of Things_, metrical version by J. M. Good.
Bohn's Classical Library, London, 1890.
[D] Horace was born 65 B. C., and his Satires are attributed to the years
35-29 B. C. See Appendix, Note II.
[E] Æschylus was born 525 B. C. See Appendix, Note III.
[F] Georges Louis Leclerc Buffon (b. 1707, d. 1788). For reviews of
Buffon's opinions and theories see Osborn, 1894.1, pp. 130-9; also Butler,
1911.1, pp. 74-172.
[G] Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, known as the Chevalier de
Lamarck (b. 1744, d. 1829). For a summary of the views of Lamarck see
Osborn, 1894.1, pp. 152-181; also Butler, 1911.1, pp. 235-314, an
excellent presentation of Lamarck's opinions.
[H] References are indicated by numbers only throughout the text. At the
close of each chapter is a list giving the author, date, and reference
number for every citation. A full list of all the works cited, including
those from which illustrations have been taken, together with complete
references, will be found in the bibliography at the end of the book.
[I] The best reference works on the history of French and German
Palæolithic Archæology are: Cartailhac,(12) _La France Préhistorique_;
Déchelette,(13) _Manuel d'Archéologie_, T. 1; Reinach,(14) _Catalogue du
Musée de St.-Germain: Alluvions et Cavernes_; Schmidt,(15) _Die diluviale
Vorzeit Deutschlands_; Avebury,(16) _Prehistoric Times_.
[J] The Cannstatt skull and Cannstatt race are now regarded as Neolithic,
and therefore not contemporary with the mammoth or the cave-bear.
[K] Note that lists and tables of races, cultural stages, faunæ, etc., in
this volume are given not in chronological but in _stratigraphic_ order,
beginning with the _most recent_ at the top and ending with the _oldest_
at the bottom.
[L] This table is a modification of that of Obermaier in his _Mensch der
Vorzeit_.(38) To each period of the chronologic reckoning should be added
the 1900 years of our era.
[M] Bison and wild cattle are grass eaters, and their natural habitats are
the open plain and meadow regions. They also range into open forest lands
where grasses can be found. The prehistoric 'urus' and 'wisent' of Europe
were both found in forests, but this may not have been their natural
habitat in Palæolithic times. See Appendix, Note IV.
[N] A recent article by A. Smith Woodward describes the fourth known
specimen of _Dryopithecus_, lately discovered in northern Spain (see
Woodward, 1914.2).
[O] There is a vast _Pithecanthropus_ literature. That chiefly utilized in
the present description includes Dubois,(13) Fischer,(14) Schwalbe,(15)
Büchner.(16)
[P] In the Trinil skull as restored by McGregor (Fig. 36) the cranial
capacity is 900 c.cm.
[Q] These horses are now identified respectively as _E. mauerensis_, _E.
mosbachensis_, and _E. süssenbornensis_.
[R] This glaciation as it occurs in northern Europe has been termed
_Polandian_ by Geikie; in the Alps Penck has termed it the _Riss_; in
America it is known as the _Illinoian_ from the great drifts it deposited
over the State of Illinois.
[S] This stage is known as the _Helvetian_ or _Dürntenian_ of Geikie; it
is the _Riss-Würm_ of Penck's terminology and the _Sangamon_ of the
American glaciologists.
[T] Modified after Schmidt.
[U] The weakness of Penck's argument for placing the Chellean in the
Second Interglacial was exposed by precise observations of Boule(5) and
Obermaier(6) in the Alps, the Jura, and the Pyrenees.
[V] The writer is indebted to M. Marcelin Boule and to M. l'Abbé Henri
Breuil for their observations on this fauna and culture period.
[W] Industry similar to the Chellean, but not necessarily of the same age,
is distributed all over eastern Africa from Egypt to the Cape.
[X] Schmidt regards the _Strépyan_ implements, which are considered by
Rutot and others to be transitional, between the Mesvinian and the
Chellean, as closely similar to the Pre-Chellean of France and probably of
the same age.
[Y] The original paper describing this remarkable discovery was read
before the Geological Society of London, December, 1912, and published as
a separate pamphlet in March, 1913. A discussion as to the geologic age by
Kennard, Clement Reid, and others was held at the time of the reading of
the original paper.
[Z] By the author of this work, and also by Professor J. Howard McGregor
of Columbia University and Doctor William K. Gregory of Columbia
University and of the American Museum of Natural History.
[AA] _Guide to the Fossil Remains of Man_, 1915.1.
[AB] The reconstruction (Fig. 66) of the Piltdown skull made by Professor
J. H. McGregor has a cranial capacity of about 1300 c.cm. The brain (Fig.
70) is seen to be very narrow and low in the prefrontal area, the seat of
the higher mental faculties. In the reconstruction the cranial region is
in the main very like the second restoration by Doctor Smith Woodward, but
the jaws differ in some respects. The tooth hitherto regarded as a right
lower canine, is now placed as the left upper canine, in accord with the
conclusions of the author of this work and of Doctors Matthew and Gregory
of the American Museum of Natural History. The dental arches are more
curved, thus more human and less ape-like than in the Smith Woodward
restoration, and the chin region is made somewhat deeper, thus giving a
somewhat less prognathous aspect to the face.
[AC] The early Teutonic designation of these animals was as follows:
bison, 'wisent,' wild ox, 'auerochs,' 'urochs' (the 'urus' of Cæsar). The
urus survived in Germany as late as the seventeenth century, while a few
of the bison or 'wisent' survive to the present time. The bison was
distinctively a short-headed animal, while its contemporary, the urus, was
long-headed and less agile. At Dürnten, near Zürich, remains of the urus
are found associated with those of the hardy, straight-tusked elephant and
of Merck's rhinoceros. (See Appendix, Note IV.)
[AD] The author was guided through this station by Doctor Hugo Obermaier
in the summer of 1912.
[AE] The entire fourth glaciation has been termed _Mecklenburgian_ by
Geikie;(6) the recession may correspond with his Fourth Interglacial
Stage, the _Lower Forestian_. It is the _Würm_ of Penck in the Alpine
region, with a first and second maximum separated by the recession known
as the _Laufenschwankung_. In America it is the early _Wisconsin_ with the
_Peorian_ recession interval, followed by the late _Wisconsin_, which is
the final great glaciation of America.
[AF] Obermaier, Breuil and Schmidt assign La Micoque to the transition
between late Acheulean and early Mousterian times.
[AG] The _climate_ of the _tundras_ is extreme, the winter temperature
falling on an average to 27°F. below zero, while in summer the temperature
is about 50°F. In the subarctic steppes the average January temperature
hardly exceeds 30°F., while that of July is 70°F.
[AH] The last of this very primitive race of the great island of Tasmania
became extinct in 1877.(62)
[AI] This cavern, like many of those discovered in the early days of
anthropological research, was not carefully explored in reference to the
all-important horizontal bedding of the layers of flint flakes and of
animal remains.
[AJ] See Appendix, Note VI.
[AK] Named in honor of the reigning Prince of Monaco, whose generous gifts
and personal interest made the adequate exploration of these grottos
possible.
[AL] This correlation agrees in the main with that of Schmidt in his
_Diluviale Vorzeit Deutschlands_.(10)
[AM] Obermaier,(19) R. Martin.(20)
[AN] Denotes very frequent occurrence of a typical form.
[AO] Denotes very frequent occurrence of a typical form.
[AP] Denotes very frequent occurrence of a typical form.
[AQ] Breuil,(34) Schmidt.(35)
[AR] The writer had the privilege of visiting all these caverns in the
company either of Professor Emile Cartailhac, or of the Abbé Breuil.
[AS] Despite Schwalbe's statement, the supraorbital ridges in this skull
appear to form a complete bridge. Doctor Hrdlička regards the related
Předmost skull as distinctly showing Neanderthaloid affinity.
[AT] Obermaier,(45) R. Martin.(46)
[AU] From notes by Doctor Robert H. Lowie (Nov. 16, 1914) of the American
Museum of Natural History on the opinions of Marett (_Anthropology_) and
of James.
[AV] After Obermaier,(10) R. Martin,(11) and others.
[AW] This custom is observed again in Azilian times in the burials at
Ofnet on the Danube (see page 475).
[AX] The whole history of these successive discoveries, beginning with the
finding of an engraved bone, in 1834, in the grotto of Chaffaud, and
concluding with the discoveries of Lalanne, and of Bégouen, in 1912, is
summarized in the admirable little handbook by Salomon Reinach.(23) This
convenient volume also includes outline tracings of the more important
drawings and sculptures found in western Europe up to the present time.
[AY] Only a few drawings from this cavern have as yet been published, such
as the famous mammoth of Combarelles; the entire work is in the hands of
Breuil.
[AZ] The stations of Castillo, of Pasiega, and of Altamira were visited by
the writer, under the guidance of Doctor Hugo Obermaier, in August, 1912.
[BA] Letter of October 23, 1912.
[BB] J. Bayer(34) has lately expressed the opinion that the industry of
the open 'loess' stations of Munzingen, Aggsbach, and Gobelsburg is not
really of Magdalenian age, but represents an atypical Aurignacian.
[BC] Lucretius, _On the Nature of Things_, metrical version by J. M. Good.
Bohn's Classical Library, London, 1890.
[BD] Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, _Discours sur l'Histoire universelle_
(first published in 1681), pp. 9, 10. Edition conforme à celle de 1700,
troisième et dernière édition revue par l'auteur. Paris, Librairie de
Firmin Didot Frères, 1845.
[BE] _The Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica of Horace_, the Latin Text
with Conington's Translation, pp. 29, 31. George Bell & Sons, London,
1904.
[BF] Æschylus, _Prometheus Bound_. Elizabeth Barrett Browning, _Poetical
Works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning_, pp. 148, 149. Oxford edition, 1906.
Henry Frowde, London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, New York, and Toronto.
[BG] Kobelt, W., _Die Verbreitung der Tierwelt_, pp. 403-7. C. H.
Tauchnitz, Leipsic, 1902.
[BH] Abercromby, Hon. John, _The Prehistoric Pottery of the Canary Islands
and Its Makers_. Royal Anthropological Institute, November 17, 1914.
_Nature_, December 3, 1914, p. 383.
[BI] Verneau, Dr. R., _Cinq années de séjour aux îles Canaries_. (Ouvrage
couronné par l'Académie des sciences, 1891.)
[BJ] Bunbury, E. H. _History of Ancient Geography_, vol. I, pp. 318-333.
John Murray, London, 1879.
[BK] Authors' names are given in the bibliography and in the reference
lists at the end of each chapter.
Transcriber's Notes:
Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.
Passages in bold are indicated by =bold=.
Superscripted characters are indicated by {superscript}.
End of Project Gutenberg's Men of the Old Stone Age, by Henry Fairfield Osborn