Deck, the second Deck, so you may as well say the lower Orlopp,
or the second Orlopp: and indeed it is commonly held the proper
speech to call them the first Orlopp and the second Orlopp: for
this word Orlopp seems to be appropriated only to these two
Decks,'--Manwayring, _The Seaman's Dictionary_.
[357] MS. 'Lyeadger.' The Sieur de la Boderie, then engaged in
settling the 'League' or Treaty between the two kingdoms.
[358] A silk stuff.
[359] MS. 'withe.'
[360] A small capstan, placed on the ground.
[361] MS. 'scruses.' Placed at the bow to start the ship.
[362] The 'scavel' was a small spade used for digging clay, etc., as
in forming drains. The scavelmen were dockyard labourers whose duty
it was to clean and pump out the docks. The name, which disappeared
after 1844, probably on the introduction of steam pumping machinery,
was no doubt a survival from the time when the 'dock' was formed of
piling, wattles, and clay, which was placed round the ship when she
had been brought to the shore, or across the mouth of the creek into
which she had been hauled, and which had to be dug away in 'opening
the dock.'
[363] For an account of this ceremony see Fraser, _The Londons of the
British Fleet_, p. 68.
[364] To inaugurate the use of. (_N.E.D._)
[365] Presumably of Deptford Yard, but he may mean Blackwall. She had
been undocked at Ratcliff.
[366] The Gore Channel, running between the Kent coast and Margate
Hook Sand, west of Birchington.
[367] Thomas; one of the pilots for the river and Downs. The name
appears elsewhere as 'Poynett,' 'Punnett,' and 'Poinet.' He signed
with a mark 'T.'
[368] On the Essex shore, half-way between London and Gravesend.
[369] Now covered by the extension of Chatham Dockyard northwards.
[370] A Captain of the Navy, commended by Nottingham to Salisbury in
1609 for having taken Harris, the pirate, on the Irish coast and done
good service off the West Islands of Scotland (_Cal. S.P.D._, July 3,
1609).
[371] For the time being.
[372] MS. 'taken.'
[373] It was customary at that period to fire salutes with shotted
guns, and accidents from the shot were not infrequent.
[374] A light ship's boat or gig.
[375] Arabella Stuart. Placed in custody after her marriage to
William Seymour. She escaped dressed as a man, but was captured in
the Straits of Dover and committed to the Tower.
[376] MS. 'Lee.'
[377] Younger brother of Sir Henry Middleton. This was the return
from his voyage in the _Expedition_.
[378] The grant of this post to Bingley was dated 7th May. He was
knighted on 10th November.
[379] August: the month is noted in the margin.
[380] Nephew.
[381] W. of Canvey Island.
[382] This word is not in the _N.E.D._; it is probably derived from
'heart' or 'hearten,' to acquire more energy. See also note on p. 106.
[383] MS. 'Shepeway.'
[384] This word is not in the _N.E.D._, but it evidently means
'to become more dull or calm.' It is used as a transitive verb by
Mainwaring in the _Seaman's Dictionary_, _s.v._ 'Blowe':--'the heat
of the land, which should duller the wind.'
[385] Sheirenasse.
[386] Merhonour.
[387] For an inclusive sum.
[388] Plans, draughts.
[389] _I.e._ the curves of the timbers which were to form the frame.
Each complete 'mould' would give a transverse section of the ship.
[390] Button sailed as 'Admiral' of this expedition in the
_Resolution_, which was lost in the voyage. He was accompanied by the
_Discovery_ in which Waymouth and Hudson had made earlier voyages to
the same parts.
[391] This use of 'together' in the sense of mutually, from each
other, is not illustrated in the _N.E.D._, but it is evidently
cognate to its use in the expressions 'love together,' 'see together'
(= meet) of which examples are given.
[392] The burden in 'tons' represents the net wine-carrying capacity
of the ship in Bordeaux casks. The 'tonnage' was an additional
allowance equal to one-third of this; the 'ton and tonnage'
representing the gross burden (_see_ Oppenheim, _Administration_, pp.
30, 132, 266).
[393] The pirate; subsequently a naval officer; author of the
_Discourse of the Beginnings, Practices, and Suppression of Pirates_,
and of _The Seaman's Dictionary_; knighted 1618. MS. 'Manwaring';
other spellings of the name are Maynwaring, Manwayring, Maynnaring,
Mannering.
[394] Gibbons, who was Button's cousin, went in the _Resolution_ as a
volunteer. In 1614 he went out again in the _Discovery_ in command,
but this voyage proved a complete failure. Button had a very high
opinion of him, and so, apparently, had Pett. For an account of the
voyages, see Rundall, _Narratives of Early Voyages_ (Hakluyt Soc.),
and Christy, _Voyages of Foxe and James to the North-west_ (Hakluyt
Soc.).
[395] Presence-chamber.
[396] See Introduction.
[397] Perhaps Nicholas Pey
[398] Thomas; ship-painter.
[399] Picture, image.
[400] Daughter of the King, married to Frederick, Elector Palatine,
subsequently King of Bohemia. Prince Rupert was her third son.
[401] By contract.
[402] Shipbuilders.
[403] St. Stephen's Alley occupied a site near the position of the
present Parliament Street, where Charles Street runs into it.
[404] The wharf of that name at Southwark. It lay north-west of the
present cathedral (St. Saviour's) which had been the church of the
Priory of St. Mary Overy.
[405] _I.e._ the _Prince Royal_ to be flagship of the fleet.
[406] The Elector Palatine.
[407] 'A strake is the term for a seam betwixt two planks (as the ...
ship heels a strake, that is one seam),' Mainwaring (1623). According
to Blanckley (1750) the term was applied to 'the uniform ranges of
planks on the bottom, decks and sides of the ships.' The ship was not
to be heeled over further than would bring the sixth seam, or edge of
the sixth plank, above water.
[408] MS. 'Alsbrey.' Mathematician; appointed one of the
Commissioners of Inquiry in 1626; Master of the Mint and created
baronet in 1627; appointed Surveyor of the Navy in 1628.
[409] At Upnor.
[410] Nimble, quick, ready.
[411] MS. 'pike.' The anchor is a-peak when the cable is heaved in
so far as to bring the hawse of the ship right over the anchor, the
cable being then perpendicular.
[412] On p. 94 the wind is spoken of as having 'harted.'
[413] Going round; turning head from wind.
[414] Complete.
[415] _I.e._ the ship.
[416] The 'furrow' or depression in the ground made by the ship's
bottom.
[417] MS. 'to.'
[418] This word, which Pepys transcribes as 'pritly,' is not in the
_N.E.D._, but since it appears to have the same meaning as 'predy'
(or 'priddy') which was in use at sea in the seventeenth century for
'make ready' or 'set ... in order,' it is not impossible that it may
be a variation of that word.
[419] The ends of the Buxey and Gunfleet sands, where the Spitway
leads between them from the East Swin to the Wallet.
[420] Eight and a half miles north of Margate.
[421] The entrance to the Thames, opposite the Queen's Channel; not
the English Channel.
[422] Drew ahead or became 'scant.' The use of 'shorten in this sense
is rare and unknown to the dictionaries.
[423] MS. 'Blakenborough.' On the Belgian coast.
[424] MS. 'Scone.' A small fort or earthwork.
[425] MS. 'Sluce.'
[426] MS. 'yoathes.' This must be one of the earliest instances of
the introduction of the Dutch 'Iacht' into English. The word 'yacht'
does not seem to have come into use until after 1660.
[427] Count: Dutch 'Graaf.'
[428] Fort Rammekens, east of Flushing, at the entrance of the
channel between Walcheren and South Beveland. Rammekens, Flushing,
and Brill were then occupied by English garrisons as 'cautionary
towns,' in security for the money lent to the Dutch by Elizabeth.
[429] Campvere, now called Vere, on the north-east side of Walcheren
Island, at that time the staple port for Scottish merchants.
[430] On the (then) I. of Cadzand.
[431] Off the Essex coast.
[432] The prison situated near St. Saviour's, Southwark.
[433] Mansell was accused of taking exception to the Commission for
Inquiring into the Abuses of the Navy, in a contemptuous and disloyal
manner.
[434] 1615.
[435] MS. 'Rawly.'
[436] Mentioned by Ralegh in his testamentary memorandum.
[437] See note on p. 151.
[438] Politician; degraded 1621. Smiles, _Men of Invention and
Industry_, p. 43, says he was the original of 'Sir Giles Overreach'
in Massinger's play, 'A New Way to Pay Old Debts.'
[439] _Sic._
[440] 1618; see Introduction.
[441] A protégé of Northampton and Buckingham. Master of Wardrobe and
Court of Wards. Treasurer 1621. Earl of Middlesex 1622. Impeached
1624.
[442] First Governor of the East India Company, member of the Muscovy
Company, and Treasurer of the Virginia Company.
[443] Chancellor of the Exchequer 1621. Created Earl of Portland 1633.
[444] Knighted in company with Sutton, Pitt, and Osborne in February
1619.
[445] MS. 'Robert.'
[446] MS. 'Cooke.' Deputy Treasurer of Navy 1591; knighted 1624.
[447] William Pitt; one of the Tellers of Receipt.
[448] MS. 'Worsenam.' Of the East India and Virginia Companies;
knighted 1617.
[449] This rank was instituted in 1611 by James I. to raise money
for the Crown, the sum to be paid being 1095_l._ At first certain
restrictions as to numbers and conditions were made. The restrictions
were gradually withdrawn, and under Charles I. blank patents were put
up for sale. The price seems to have fallen as low as 300_l._ by the
end of Charles I.'s reign.
[450] MS. 'Ratcliff'; ancestor of the Earls of Derwentwater.
[451] A Roman Catholic who refused to attend his parish church.
[452] A gentleman pensioner, knighted in 1617.
[453] _I.e._ the King named them. The names allude to Buckingham's
entrance into the Lord High Admiralship and his 'reformation' of the
Navy affairs.
[454] Or Cleive (Clive), MS. 'Cleave.' Knighted in 1605.
[455] MS. 'surplage.'
[456] Captain of the _Marygold_ merchantman.
[457] Probably what is now the West Oaze Buoy, about five miles east
of the Nore Light.
[458] South-east of the Oaze, on the opposite side of the Oaze Deep.
[459] Cape St. Vincent.
[460] MS. 'Jubellatare.'
[461] See Introduction.
[462] Stevens was now a master shipwright, associated with Pett at
Chatham; see Introduction.
[463] John Greaves; see note, p. 55.
[464] John Dearslye.
[465] Robert Bourne, nominated an 'Assistant' in the charter of 1612.
[466] Edward. MS. 'Chandelor.'
[467] The estimate was 994_l._ 11_s._ 8_d._ _Coke MSS. (Hist. MSS.)_,
vol. i. p. 130.
[468] Intimation, hint.
[469] See Introduction.--Steward was in command of the rear squadron
in the Cadiz expedition of 1625.
[470] Knighted 1625.
[471] Sir Fulke Greville, created Baron Brooke in 1621.
[472] Whitaker Spit, between the Swin and the entrance to the river
Crouch.
[473] Obliged to veer, or go large.
[474] MS. 'Fayrelye.' East of Hastings.
[475] MS. 'Beawlye.'
[476] James, second Marquis of Hamilton, a commissioner for the
marriage of Prince Charles to the Infanta.
[477] William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.
[478] Sir John Ramsay, created Earl of Holderness in 1621.
[479] Thomas Erskine, created Earl of Kellie in 1619.
[480] James Hay, created Earl of Carlisle in 1622.
[481] Philip Herbert, created Earl of Montgomery 1605.
[482] Francis Manners, sixth Earl of Rutland.
[483] Drawing ahead suddenly and becoming foul; _cf._ 'shorten,' p.
109.
[484] This expression is unknown to the dictionaries, and it is
difficult to conjecture its meaning: it may be a synonym for 'bank'
or 'shore,' or for 'seaweed,' which would be found in the shallower
water near the shore.
[485] N.W. Spain. MS. 'Ortingall.'
[486] Apparently 'bent' was in use at this period in speaking of the
tide when it had turned and begun to ebb or flow with full force.
_Cf._ Luke Ward's narrative (1582) in Hakluyt (vol. xi. p. 174):
'Being at anchor, I manned our boat and would have gone aboard the
Admiral, but could not, the flood was bent so strong.'
[487] _I.e._ make way against.
[488] Brother of Sir John Trevor, and a naval officer of distinction;
knighted in 1604.
[489] The captain, or commanding officer. 'Commander' as a
substantive rank dates only from 1793.
[490] MS 'Gundamar.' Diego Sarmiento d'Acuna, Count of Gondomar. He
played an important part in the foreign policy of Great Britain from
1613, when he was sent to England as ambassador to bring James into
accord with Spanish policy. It was Gondomar who secured the execution
of Ralegh.
[491] MS. 'Sylla.' He means the principal island, St. Mary.
[492] _I.e._ the ship first beat to windward, tacking two or three
times, and then laid her course for the anchorage with the wind on
her quarter.
[493] Castle Hugh, near Hugh Town, the capital.
[494] The shoal at the entrance to Spithead, north of St. Helen's.
[495] Gentleman of the Chamber.
[496] The sands along the Kent coast off Sandwich.
[497] The narrow part of the ship's bottom near the stern post.
[498] MS. 'over.'
[499] Duke Christian of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. He arrived in England
on December 20 with letters of recommendation from Elizabeth of
Bohemia, whose cause he was championing, and was the guest of the
Prince of Wales.
[500] The official residence of the Navy Officers on Chatham Hill.
[501] Bore large, bringing the wind on the beam or quarter.
[502] MS. 'Bullen.'
[503] Dragged their anchors.
[504] Predicament.
[505] John Pyham, Vicar of Chatham.
[506] Designs.
[507] This has been added at the bottom of the page, where it has no
connection with the context. In the margin Pett has written, 'Son
Joseph died in Ireland this year 1625.'
[508] 12 Dec. 1626. Pett was named last in the list.
[509] _I.e._ the Great Seal.
[510] Built by the Dutch, but intended for the French Navy. It was
captured in the Texel and added to the English Fleet.
[511] One of the four Masters Attendant.
[512] MS. '1637.' 1628 new style.
[513] Treasurer of the Navy.
[514] Knighted in 1634.
[515] Shipbuilders.
[516] The ten _Lion's Whelps_.
[517] Payments in advance.
[518] MS. 'Redcliff.'
[519] More usually spelt 'Compter': one of the debtors' prisons
attached to the Sheriff's Court; the last was abolished in 1854.
[520] The prison on the east side of Farringdon Street, taking its
name from the Fleet River; burnt down in 1666 and in 1780; it was
abolished in 1842.
[521] Treasurer of the Army, with whom Buckingham was lodging.
[522] Apparently used in the sense of 'unemployed.'
[523] Colonel Sir Thomas Fryer. The circumstances are related in
detail by Dr. S. R. Gardiner in his _History of England from the
Accession of James I._, vol. vi. chap. lxv.
[524] _I.e._ the prison of that name.
[525] Chaussée de Sein, south of Ushant.
[526] Richard, successor to Paul Isackson.
[527] Robert Bertie, created Earl of Lindsey 1626; admiral of the
second fleet sent to Rochelle in 1628.
[528] Robert Treswell.
[529] Foliejon on the modern ordnance map. 'Folly' appears to be a
local name for a clump of trees on a hill.
[530] Henry Goddard.
[531] Francis Brooke.
[532] John Brooke.
[533] MS. 'Farum.'
[534] The report, signed by Phineas Pett, Jo. Dearslye, Peter Pett,
Andrewes Burrell, John Greaves and John Taylor, is preserved (_S.P.
Dom. Chas. I._ clxxvi. 8). Mr. Oppenheim (_Administration_, p. 297)
points out that 'five years later some of the same men turned round
with "we positively conclude that there is a worm in that harbour."'
[535] Richard Weston, created Baron Weston in 1628, and Earl of
Portland in 1633.
[536] The Lord High Chamberlain was Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindsey;
the Lord Chamberlain was Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, who had
succeeded his brother, William.
[537] Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, beheaded 1649.
[538] A prize of 1625 taken into the Navy.
[539] MS. 'Strowde.'
[540] A very late example of this form of the past tense of 'row.'
[541] MS. 'given.'
[542] Deliberately.
[543] Son of Edward Stephens, late Master Shipwright. Imprisoned in
1626 for disrespect to Pett and Trevor.
[544] The passage in italics is wanting in the original MS.
[545] Below.
[546] MS. Ockum. In the Medway.
[547] Kenrick Edisbury, _alias_ Wilkinson, who in 1626 was Paymaster
of the Navy, succeeded Sir Thos. Aylesbury as Surveyor of the Navy in
December 1632 and died in 1638. Mr. Oppenheim pronounces him 'perhaps
the most observant and energetic of the chief officers.'
[548] John Goodwin, Master Attendant at Portsmouth.
[549] Nathaniel Apslyn. In 1626, when Carpenter of the _Red Lion_, he
was recommended by Pett for the post of Assistant Master Shipwright,
and was appointed in that capacity at Chatham.
[550] Hawkridge is said to have accompanied Button in the voyage
of 1612. In 1619 he was in command of an expedition in search of
the North-West Passage which proved a failure. Subsequently he was
captured with his ship and cargo, valued at £2000, by the pirates
of Algiers and held to ransom. _See_ Christy, _Voyages of Foxe and
James_ (Hakluyt Soc.).
[551] Near Wye, on the main road from Ashford to Canterbury.
[552] MS. 'Shorum.'
[553] Nephew.
[554] Master Carpenter of the _St. Denis_ in 1632.
[555] MS. 'Langer.' At the entrance to Harwich harbour.
[556] Old cordage, used for manufacture into brown paper.
[557] Francis Sheldon, Clerk of the Check at Woolwich.
[558] The wife of Thomas Cole, who was one of the witnesses at the
Inquiry of 1610 (_supra_, p. 57). Thomas Cole owned the Manor of
Woodbridge, which by 1649 came into Peter's possession. See Copinger,
_Manors of Suffolk_, vol. iv. p. 328.
[559] Bailiffs.
[560] See Introduction.
[561] Edward Boate, Master Shipwright.
[562] Comptroller of the Navy since 1632; son of the Comptroller of
the Navy of the same name who died in 1611.
[563] Denis Fleming, Clerk of the Acts.
[564] Edward Sackville, 4th Earl, one of the Commissioners of the
Admiralty appointed after the death of Buckingham.
[565] The elder (1589-1655), then Comptroller of the Household and
Privy Councillor.
[566] Sir Francis Windebank (1582-1646), joint-Secretary of State
with Sir John Coke, 1632.
[567] MS. 'president.'
[568] MS. 'whelles.'
[569] MS. 'Waynstead.' A royal manor.
[570] On the edge of the Maplin, six miles east of Shoeburyness.
[571] MS. 'Burlington.'
[572] MS. 'Whytebye.'
[573] Luke Foxe, the Arctic navigator. He died at Whitby in July.
[574] M.S. 'Stockdone.'
[575] Stockton had fallen into decay during the sixteenth century.
[576] _Sic._
[577] MS. 'Chopple.' On the Derwent, six miles south-west of
Newcastle.
[578] MS. 'Bramespeth.' On the Wear, four miles south-west of Durham.
[579] MS. 'Duresme.'
[580] Pett's clerk.
[581] Comptroller of Customs for Port of London; one time Secretary
of the Council of the North.
[582] MS. 'Tuckesford.'
[583] MS. 'Grantum.'
[584] Charles Lewis, the second son of Frederick and Elizabeth, born
in 1617. Frederick had died in 1632.
[585] Prince Rupert.
[586] It was the 9th.
[587] _I.e._ not moored, having only one anchor down.
[588] Swinging round with the tide.
[589] Obsolete form of 'travailed'; laboured.
[590] Charles Lewis, whom, on p. 162, he called the Palsgrave. The
title of Elector was, however, not formally accorded to him until the
Peace of Westphalia, in 1648, when the Lower Palatinate was restored.
[591] Apprentice. In 1633 he was recommended by Pett for the post of
Master Carpenter of the _Charles_ on the ground that he had wrought
upon the same throughout her being built, and was also 'a pretty
mariner.' _S. P. Dom. Chas. I._, ccxxxi. 45.
[592] Became too shallow.
[593] Spring tide.
[594] MS. 'Austyne'; Thomas Austen.
[595] Burning reeds.
[596] MS. 'Grenhyve.'
[597] MS. 'Shevarees.' Marie de Rohan; exiled from France in 1626.
[598] James Stuart, 4th Duke; created Duke of Richmond, 1641.
[599] Married on 7th January. On p. 171 his wife's father's name is
given as 'Etherington'; her Christian name was Mildred. The use of
two forenames was practically unknown at this period; evidently she
had been married before.
[600] Wife of Christopher Pett.
[601] The south end of the Goodwin Sands.
[602] This word is lost, the margin being torn away; these six words
are not in the Harleian copy.
[603] Chatham.
[604] Perhaps intended for 'own.'
[605] At Chatham.
[606] Sion House at Brentford, the seat of the Duke of
Northumberland, who had been appointed on 13th April to act for
the young Duke of York, declared Lord High Admiral for life at the
Council on 18th March.
[607] _I.e._ of France. Marie de Medicis, widow of Henri IV. and
mother of Queen Henrietta Maria; she landed at Harwich on 18th
October.
APPENDICES
I
Grant to Phineas Pett. 26th April 1604
(_In Latin_)
[=Pat. Roll 1646=]