W. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 4th.(k)
(k) Your queen’s imposing aspect on the adversary’s left wing,
continually alarms him for the safety of his king. He sees that were
you to place your queen’s rook at the king’s bishop’s square, he could
only prevent check-mate, were he to keep the queen, by placing her at
the counter-square, which would contract her sphere of action very
much; he therefore makes an offer to change the queens, as the most
eligible mode of extinguishing the danger; which you must accept, or
give him the attack.
[31] It is not strictly uniform to insert comments in the text, yet as
the ease of the reader seems consulted by it, when they are so simple
as to require no pause, the Editor retains them there.
21.
W. The queen takes the queen.
B. The pawn takes the queen.
22.
W. Queen’s rook at its king’s square.
B. The king at his knight’s 2d.(l)
23.
W. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
24.
W. King’s rook at its knight’s 3d.
B. The knight at his king’s rook’s 4th.
25.
W. The rook assailed by the knight at its queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
26.
W. The queen’s pawn 1 square, to make an opening for your rook
and bishop.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
(l) Some moves which want an obvious motive, are explained by the
following move.
27.
W. The king’s rook takes the pawn.
B. Queen’s rook at its queen’s square.
28.
W. Queen’s rook at its queen’s square.
B. The knight at its king’s bishop’s 3d.
29.
W. The king’s rook gives check.
B. The king at his rook’s square.
30.
W. The bishop at the adverse queen’s 4th; to stop
the adversary’s pawn.
B. The knight takes the bishop.
31.
W. The rook takes the knight.
B. King’s rook at its bishop’s square.
32.
W. Queen’s rook at its queen’s 2d.
B. King’s rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
33.
W. Queen’s rook at its king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
34.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The rook takes the pawn.
35.
W. King’s rook at the adverse king’s 2d.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
36.
W. One of the rooks takes the pawn.
B. The rook takes the rook.
37.
W. The rook takes the rook.
B. The rook gives check at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
38.
W. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The rook takes the pawn.
39.
W. The rook’s pawn 2 squares.(m)
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
40.
W. The rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The knight’s pawn 1 square.
41.
W. The rook at its king’s square.
B. The knight’s pawn 1 square.
(m) If, instead of playing this, you had taken his pawn with your rook,
you would have lost the game; because your king would have prevented
your rook from arriving at the promotion line, in time to stop the
passage of his knight’s pawn.
42.
W. The rook at its king’s knight’s square.
B. The rook gives check.
43.
W. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.
44.
W. The rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The rook at its knight’s 2d.
45.
W. The king takes the pawn.
B. The rook’s pawn 1 square.
46.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. The rook’s pawn 1 square.
47.
W. The rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The rook takes the pawn.(n)
48.
W. The rook takes the pawn.(o)
B. The rook at his king’s rook’s 2d.
(n) Had he not taken your pawn, you would have won the game immediately.
(o) If, instead of taking his pawn, you had taken his rook, you would
have lost the game.
49.
W. The pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn 1 square.
50.
W. The rook at its king’s rook’s 2d.
B. The king at his knight’s 2d.
51.
W. The pawn 1 square.
B. The king at his knight’s 3d.
52.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The king at his knight’s 4th.
53.
W. The pawn 1 square.
B. The king at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
54.
W. The pawn advances.
B. Takes the pawn with the rook, and playing afterwards
his king upon the rook, it must be a drawn game.
In pursuing a literal course through the steps of this gambit, the
attention is repaid by numberless strokes, well designed and well
parried. It is observable that this is the first party that has not
opened with the move of the king’s pawn. For the leading steps of this
model, the boards of EUROPE are indebted to a City in the EAST—the
EAST which as it gave birth to Chess, has had expert players from an
immemorial era.
FIRST BACK GAME,
TO THE QUEEN’S GAMBIT,
_On the Third Move of the White_.
3.
W. The king’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn.
B. King’s pawn 1 square.
5.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
6.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
7.
W. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
8.
W. The king castles.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
9.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The queen takes the queen.
10.
W. The rook takes the queen.
B. The king’s bishop takes the pawn.
11.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 4th.
B. The king at his 2d square.
12.
W. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 4th.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
13.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
14.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
15.
W. Queen’s bishop at his queen’s 2d square.
B. The knight at his queen’s 4th.
16.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop at his queen’s 2d.
17.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
18.
W. The knight at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
19.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
20.
W. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s rook at its king’s knight’s square.
21.
W. Queen’s bishop at his 3d square.
B. The king’s knight’s pawn takes the pawn.
22.
W. The bishop takes the rook.
B. The pawn takes the king’s pawn giving check.
23.
W. The king takes the pawn.
B. The rook takes the bishop.
24.
W. King’s bishop at his 3d square.
B. The king at his 3d square.
25.
W. King’s rook at his queen’s 2d.
B. The queen’s pawn gives check.
26.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s 4th.
27.
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s square.
B. The king at his queen’s 4th.
28.
W. King’s rook at its king’s 2d.
B. The rook at its king’s square.
29.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
30.
W. The rook takes the rook.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
31.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
32.
W. King’s rook at the adverse king’s rook’s square.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
33.
W. The king at his 3d square.
B. The king’s bishop’s gives check at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
34.
W. The king at his bishop’s 4th square, having no better place.
B. The queen’s pawn 1 square, and wins the game.
The mode in the Cunningham Gambit was synthetical: but it will be
recollected, that the conduct of this gambit is properly analytical.
The first form of it presents a series of moves critically good;
embracing, throughout, the expedient, in moving for both parties.
Slightly surveyed, it may seem less brilliant than the back games, as
the balance of play precludes a decisive result, while it is, on that
account, superior to them. As the management of the queen’s gambit
is delicate, and depends on circumstances apparently trivial, at the
opening; the back games are to shew the advantage which one party gives
to the other, by deviating from the model at particular stages.
SECOND BACK GAME,
TO THE QUEEN’S GAMBIT,
_On the Third Move of the Black_.
3.
W. King’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
5.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The gambit pawn takes the pawn.
6.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
7.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn, and gives check.
B. The bishop covers the check.
8.
W. The queen takes the pawn.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
9.
W. The queen takes the bishop, and gives check.
B. The queen covers the check.
10.
W. The queen takes the queen.
B. The knight takes the queen.
11.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s pawn 1 square.
12.
W. The king at his 2d square.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
13.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
14.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s 4th.
15.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
16.
W. Queen’s bishop at its rook’s 3d.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
17.
W. The rook takes the bishop.
B. The knight at his 2d square.
18.
W. The knight at his bishop’s 3d square.
B. King’s rook at its queen’s knight’s square.
19.
W. The knight at his king’s 2d.
B. The king at his 3d square.
20.
W. King’s rook at its queen’s rook’s square.
B. King’s rook at its queen’s knight’s 2d.
21.
W. The queen’s rook gives check.
B. The knight covers the check.
22.
W. King’s rook at the adverse queen’s rook’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
23.
W. The knight at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s rook at its queen’s square.
24.
W. The queen’s rook takes the rook’s pawn.
B. The rook takes the rook.
25.
W. The rook takes the rook, and must win the game.
THIRD BACK GAME,
TO THE QUEEN’S GAMBIT,
_On the Fourth Move of the White_.
4.
W. The queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The queen takes the queen.
5.
W. The king takes the queen.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
6.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
7.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
8.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
9.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. The king castles.
10.
W. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
11.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The knight takes the bishop.
12.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
13.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th square.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
14.
W. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
15.
W. The knight takes the bishop.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
16.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s knight at the adverse queen’s knight’s 3d.
17.
W. Queen’s rook at its 2d square.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
18.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
19.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s 2d.
20.
W. The rook takes the rook.
B. The rook takes the rook.
21.
W. The rook at its queen’s square.
B. The queen’s knight gives check at the white queen’s 4th.
22.
W. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
23.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
24.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
25.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
26.
W. The bishop at his king’s knight’s 4th.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
27.
W. The knight at his king’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s rook’s 4th.
28.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
29.
W. The bishop takes the pawn.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
30.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
31.
W. The king’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The knight at the adverse queen’s knight’s 3d.
32.
W. The pawn 1 square.
B. The rook at its queen’s rook’s square.
33.
W. The rook takes the pawn.
B. The rook gives check.
34.
W. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The rook gives heck-mate at the bishop’s square.
FOURTH BACK GAME,
TO THE QUEEN’S GAMBIT,
_On the Seventh Move of the White_.
7.
W. The king’s bishop takes the gambit pawn.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
8.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
9.
W. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
B. The queen gives check.
10.
W. The king at his queen’s 2d.
B King’s knight at the adverse king’s 3d.
11.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
12.
W. The queen at her 3d square.
B. The king’s knight takes the pawn.
13.
W. King’s knight at his own square.
B. The queen at the adverse king’s square, giving check.
14.
W. The king retires.
B. The king’s bishop takes the knight, and must win the game.
FIFTH BACK GAME,
TO THE QUEEN’S GAMBIT,
_On the Eighth Move of the Black_.
8.
W. The rook takes the bishop.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
9.
W. The knight at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king castles.
10.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
11.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
12.
W. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The bishop takes the pawn.
13.
W. Queen’s knight pawn 1 square.
B. The king’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
14.
W. The queen’s knight’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The bishop at his queen’s 2d.
15.
W. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
16.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king at his rook’s square.
17.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
18.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the bishop.
19.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The knight at his rook’s 4th.
20.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.
B. The knight at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
21.
W. The queen at her bishop’s 2d.
B. The knight takes the bishop, to avoid the mate.
22.
W. The queen takes the knight.
B. The bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
23.
W. The queen gives check.
B. The king retires.
24.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The bishop takes the pawn.
25.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 3d.
26.
W. Queen’s rook at the adverse queen’s rook’s 3d.
B. The queen takes the queen.
27.
W. The queen’s rook takes the queen.
B. King’s rook at its bishop’s 2d.
28.
W. The king at his 2d square.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
29.
W. Queen’s rook at the adverse king’s 3d.
B. The rook’s pawn 1 square.
30.
W. The rook takes the pawn.
B. The rook’s pawn 1 square.
31.
W. King’s rook at its queen’s rook’s square.
B. The rook’s pawn 1 square.
32.
W. Queen’s rook at its king’s 3d.
B. King’s rook at its bishop’s 3d.
33.
W. The king at his queen’s 3d.
B. The rook gives check.
34.
W. The king at his 4th square.
B. The rook takes the rook.
35.
W. The king takes the rook.
B. The rook at its queen’s rook’s 3d.
36.
W. The king at his queen’s 4th.
B. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
37.
W. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The rook gives check.
38.
W. The king at his queen’s knight’s 4th.
B. The rook takes the pawn.
39.
W. The rook takes the pawn.
B. The king at his 2d square.
40.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
41.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s rook’s 2d.
B. The king at his queen’s square.
42.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s knight’s 4th.
B. The knight’s pawn 1 square.
43.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The rook gives check.
44.
W. The pawn covers the check.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
45.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king at his own square.
46.
W. The rook at the adverse king’s knight’s 2d.
B. The rook at its king’s rook’s 3d.
47.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 2d, and
by pushing his pawn he will win the game.
SIXTH BACK GAME,
TO THE QUEEN’S GAMBIT,
_On the Tenth Move of the White_.
10.
W. The king’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king’s knight takes the king’s pawn.
11.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The queen gives check.
12.
W. The knight at his king’s knight’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
13.
W. The king’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
B. The queen takes the rook’s pawn.
14.
W. King’s rook at its bishop’s square.
B. The queen takes the knight, and gives check.
15.
W. The king at his queen’s 2d.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
16.
W. The rook takes the rook.
B. The rook takes the rook.
17.
W. The queen at her king’s square.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d,
and must win the game.
Setting aside the move in each, which is distinctly pointed out
as inducing defeat in its ultimate tendency, the moves in these
back-games are made with a penetrating regard to consequences; and in
a circumspection in the use of stratagem and resource, which is not
detected intermitting, in any of the skirmishes of the party, may be
traced the revising attentions, and mellowing touches, of a succession
of players.
=_Regular Parties_=.
The range of gambits is not completed, and yet we propose to enter
on some regular parties. Without proceeding on the idea, that the
reader will play the games as they are presented, the order of which a
diversity in the degree of proficiency, and an individual pursuit of
peculiar attainments, as _desiderata_, will occasion every one more or
less to break; it will perhaps be expected, that modes of play, which
by their properties seem assigned to a common class, should not be
detached in their arrangement, without apology or explanation.
The various gambits agree in this, that they proceed rather on
experiment than on system, and the surrender of the pawn, is a feature
common to them all: but they so diverge in the field of stratagem
after this step, that their course of evolutions cannot be traced to
any participation of principle, nor is there any necessary connection
between them.—For these reasons, and that the cultivation of regular
play may not continue suspended, without an adequate cause, the EDITOR
follows the arrangement of PHILIDOR, in introducing some examples of
attack and defence strictly systematic before the Salvio gambits.
By pursuing alternately the severe walk of method, which moves to
the end by a gradual process; and the devious flight of adventure,
which attempts the game by a _coup de main_; the spirit of each may
be rendered easier to seize, as the traits in which their opposition
consists, are seen in contrast.
=_First Regular Party_=,
WITH FOUR BACK GAMES;
_The First on the Third Move of the Black, the Second on the Fourth
Move of the White, the Third on the Fifth Move of the Black, the last
on the Sixth Move of the White_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.(a)
B. The same.(b)
(a) This is the best place the king’s bishop can occupy in the first
moves of a party; here, he batters the adverse king’s bishop’s pawn,
against which the first attacks are generally formed.
(b) The black being able to play different ways, we will make different
parties of it.
3.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d square.(c) ☜
4.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(d) ☜
B. The same.(e) ☜
5.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(f)
(c) He prevents you from establishing two pawns a-breast, and occupying
the centre. To prevent that, the black has three other ways of moving
at this period, the effects of which are severally shewn, in the first
back game, the supplement to the first back game, and the third back
game.
(d) If you had moved this knight to your king’s second square, you
would have lost the game: one object exemplified in the second back
game.
(e) He would have laid a foundation for his own defeat, had he taken
your pawn with his bishop: another object exemplified in the second
back game.
(f) Had he attacked your king’s bishop’s pawn with his knight, it
would have given you time to establish your pawns in the centre. The
consequence is seen in the third back game.
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(g) ☜
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(h)
7.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The same.(i)
8.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.(k)
B. The king’s bishop takes the bishop.(l)
(g) If you had pushed this pawn two squares, you might have occupied
the centre for a moment, but could not have remained there; as is shewn
by the fourth back game.
(h) If he had moved his queen’s bishop to your king’s knight’s fourth
square, you must equally have advanced your king’s rook’s pawn; you
must never leave your superior pieces to the menace of the adverse
bishop.
(i) The pawns have been played on both sides to prevent the bishops
from becoming troublesome to the knights.
(k) When your queen’s pawn cannot be interposed to the action of
the adverse king’s bishop upon your king’s bishop’s pawn, you must
have your queen’s bishop in reserve, to be posted at your king’s
third square; because the queen’s bishop is the only piece which can
effectually be opposed to the adverse king’s bishop.
(l) If he had moved back his king’s bishop, instead of taking your
bishop, he would have lost a turn: when you exchange pieces it is an
advantage to take first.
9.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
10.
W. The king’s bishop takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the bishop.(m)
11.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. The same.
12.
W. The king castles with his rook.
B. The same.
(m): An additional advantage now appears from playing your king’s
rook’s pawn at the seventh move, for he might at present attack you
with his king’s knight, and afterwards play his king’s bishop’s pawn
to bring the knight again into action; these hits ought to be eagerly
improved, especially in parties wherein your adversary forces out your
knights before your pawns.
The game is equal; the white has only, what he set out with, the move;
he who can first bring his king’s bishop’s pawn into play, by pushing
it two squares, without making any sacrifice, or deranging his pieces,
will have the superiority of situation. The uniformity arises from the
black player’s making his moves duplicates of the adverse moves, which
he has hitherto done with propriety and success: but such a plan of
counteraction is to be pursued with reserve and discrimination, and not
excessively or mechanically. A player who should continue it, from this
situation, having the move against him, would certainly lose.
FIRST BACK GAME,
_On the Third Move of the Black_.
3.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(a)
4.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.(b) ☜
5.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn.
B. The king takes the bishop.(c)
(a) He plays this knight to hinder you from pushing your queen’s pawn
two squares. If, instead of this knight, he had played his queen’s
bishop’s pawn a square, your next move might equally take place.
(b) He might have withdrawn his bishop to his queen’s knight’s third,
which move will make a supplement to this back game.
(c) If he refuse to take your bishop, you must take his king’s knight,
and push your queen’s knight’s pawn two squares, attacking his bishop;
and afterwards push the same pawn upon his knight, in order to take the
pawn with your queen’s bishop’s pawn gratuitously, instead of changing
pawns.
6.
W. The queen at the adverse king’s rook’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
7.
W. The queen takes the bishop, and will have a very good game.
SUPPLEMENT
TO THE FIRST BACK GAME,
_On the Fourth Move of the Black_.
4.
W. The queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
5.
W. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
6.
W. The queen at her 3d square.
B. The king castles.
7.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
8.
W. The king’s pawn 1 square.(a)
B. The queen’s pawn 2 squares.(b)
(a) If on this attack, he withdraws his knight, he gives you an
opportunity of establishing your pawns in the centre.
(b) He hereby limits the operation of your king’s bishop, and gains
time to assign a place of safety and utility to his knight.
9.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
10.
W. The queen’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.(c)
11.
W. The queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.(d)
(c) In order that he may place his queen’s bishop at his king’s third
square, without disturbance from your pawn.
(d) In this situation the black pieces have as good a game as the
white; there is indeed a pawn passed and sustained on the side of the
white; but this advantage is counterbalanced by the imposing attitude
of the black king’s knight, who cannot be dislodged but by changing
piece for piece; and in that case, the pawns of the black would unite
in the centre, giving, equally to them as to the white, a passed pawn.
SECOND BACK GAME,
_On the Fourth Move of the White_.
4.
W. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.(a)
B. The king’s bishop takes the pawn, and gives check.
5.
W. The king takes the bishop.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 4th, giving check.
6.
W. The queen’s pawn covers the check.
B. The queen takes the bishop.
7.
W. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
B. The queen at her king’s 3d.(b)
(a) If this move did not cost you a pawn, it would undoubtedly be
the most politic, as it is the most convenient place for the knight;
because, here he does not obstruct the passage of the pawns. But it is
sometimes expedient to obstruct the pawns with the knight, to avoid a
greater disadvantage. See the supplement to this back game.
(b) The black must win the game, having the advantage of a pawn, added
to a good situation.
SUPPLEMENT
TO THE SECOND BACK GAME,
_On the Fourth Move of the White_.
4.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The king’s bishop takes the pawn, and gives check.(a)
5.
W. The king takes the bishop.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 4th, giving check.
6.
W, The queen’s pawn covers the check.
B. The queen takes the bishop.
7.
W. The king’s knight takes the king’s pawn.
B. The queen at her king’s 3d.
8.
W. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
(a) This, by forcing your king to move, disables him from castling; but
there is no disadvantage involved in not castling, when your pieces can
easily get out; very often it is even better so, provided your king be
safe.
9.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
10.
W. King’s rook at its king’s square.
B. The king castles.(b)
(b) So situated the white player has the advantage, his pieces being
brought out to better effect, and more conveniently arranged.
THIRD BACK GAME,
_On the Fifth Move of the Black_.
5.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
7.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king’s bishop gives check.
8.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(a)
B. The king’s knight returns to his bishop’s 3d.(b)
(a) If he take this knight with his bishop it will mend your game,
because the change will bring your pawns into the centre.
(b) You might push your king’s pawn on his knight, and get two moves by
so doing; but this pawn once pushed, your adversary would offer twice
to change it, by pushing his queen’s pawn a square, and his king’s
bishop’s pawn a square: your pawn would then remain alone and separate;
it is therefore better to leave your two pawns a-breast, to avoid
opening your game. In marching his knight, and retrograding, he has
uselessly consumed two moves.
9.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. The king castles.(c)
10.
W. The king castles.
B. The queen’s pawn 1 square.
11.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The same.
12.
W. Queen’s bishop at his queen’s 2d.(d)
(c) He castles, to attack your king’s pawn with his rook; you
must therefore castle, to be ready to sustain the pawn with your
counter-rook.
(d) It is evident that the white player has the better game, having
the advantage of three moves more than the black, and the centre pawns
tactically advanced: nothing remains on the side of the white, but to
remove the obstruction to the motion of the king’s bishop’s pawn as
soon as possible; that will decide the game against the black.
FOURTH BACK GAME,
_On the Sixth Move of the White_.
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
7.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king’s bishop gives check.
8.
W. The queen’s bishop covers the check.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
9.
W. The queen’s knight takes the bishop.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
This party is equal; your pawns in the centre are broken: this mode
of play may be ventured with an antagonist to whom you give some
advantage: by such a player, you rely that every critical opportunity
will not be seized, or you would not give the advantage.
=_Second Regular Party_=,
VARIANT FROM THE FIRST PARTY, AT THE SECOND MOVE OF THE BLACK.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
3.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
4.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(a)
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
(a) Though stationing the pieces before the pawns must not be wantonly
engaged in, I think this play is necessary in the present situation, to
keep the advantage of the move; nevertheless, you might at the fourth
move push your king’s bishop’s pawn two squares: such a game, though
it embarks in danger, is calculated to disconcert a mere observer of
routine, to whom some advantage is given.
5.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king castles.(b)
6.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.(c)
7.
W. The king castles.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.(d)
8.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The pawn takes the bishop.
(b) If, instead of castling, he had played his queen’s bishop to
your king’s knight’s fourth, you might have played your queen to her
knight’s third, which would have given you the game; but should he
play the same bishop to his king’s third, take him with yours, and
afterwards play your queen to her knight’s third.
(c) If he had not adopted counterplay, his king’s bishop must have been
forced by your pawns.
(d) Had he played this bishop to your king’s knight’s fourth, you must
have pushed your queen’s pawn; and, varying again, if he take your
king’s knight with his bishop, you take with your knight’s pawn, the
better to bring your rooks into play, as they then have an approach to
the pawns that cover the adverse king.
9.
W. The queen at her knight’s 3d.(e)
B. The queen at her bishop’s square.
10.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
11.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.(f)
12.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The same.
13.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
(e) Your queen attacks two pawns, which your adversary can only sustain
by placing his queen at her bishop’s square; this situation may take
place in the first moves of a party, and very frequently your adversary
finds himself unable to sustain the two pawns at once.
(f) If he had played his bishop to your queen’s knight’s fourth, your
must have sustained your king’s pawn with your queen.
14.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(g)
B. The knight takes the bishop.
15.
W. The pawn takes the knight.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(h)
16.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
17.
W. King’s rook at its bishop’s 2d.
B. The queen at her 2d square.
(g) You thus force the knight to retreat or to take, which is better
than suffering him to hover over the pieces, to make a capture at his
own discretion.
(h) He plays this pawn to hinder your knight from attacking his king’s
pawn, as otherwise he would be forced to defend it with his rook, which
would afford you time to double your rooks on the file of your king’s
bishop. It is proper to observe, that in almost every case, whoever
commands an opening with double rooks, must have the advantage; it is
therefore an established maxim not to yield up these passes.
18.
W. Queen’s rook at its king’s bishop’s square.
B. The king at his knight’s 2d.(i)
(i) So situated, the white must have chiefly in view to oblige the
adversary to push his king’s pawn a square, so that he may place a
knight, sustained by two pawns, at the fourth square of the adverse
king’s bishop, which ought to decide the game in his favour: the black
will, in opposition, seek the means of doubling the two rooks, and
bring the queen’s bishop’s pawn into play, by pushing him two squares.
=_Third Regular Party_=,
Variant from the First Party, at the Second Move of the Black,
WITH THREE BACK GAMES;
_On the Third, the Seventh, and the Eleventh Move of the Black_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(a)
3.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.(b) ☜
(a) He prepares to push his queen’s pawn two squares, in order to
intercept the action of your king’s bishop, occupy the centre with his
pawns, and recover the advantage of the move.
(b) He might, according to his first design, have pushed his queen’s
pawn two squares. This will furnish interest for a back game.
4.
W. The queen takes the pawn.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(c)
5.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.(d)
6.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The pawn takes the bishop.
7.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(e) ☜
(c) If he had played his king’s knight to his bishop’s third square,
you must have attacked the knight with your king’s pawn, by which play
you would have won many moves.
(d) If, instead, he had advanced his king’s bishop’s pawn two squares,
you must then have pushed your king’s pawn.
(e) He makes this move in order to break your pawns in the centre, or
be able to establish his pawns strongly on his queen’s side: he would
have played wrong, had he pushed his queen’s bishop’s pawn upon your
queen; as appears by a back game.
8.
W. The queen’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.(f)
9.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
10.
W. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 2d.(g)
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
11.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(h) ☜
(f) It would have been improper for the adversary to take with his
queen’s bishop’s pawn, because his pieces would be confined, and their
sphere of action less extensive than yours.
(g) It would be wrong to give check with your queen, because it would
answer no useful purpose, and for any other, she ought not to be
removed from one of the four files in the centre; you must, on the
contrary, keep her behind your principal pawns, especially in the
beginning of a party.
(h) It would have been bad play to push his queen’s bishop’s pawn; and
a back game on this move will shew it to be of consequence, when you
have a cordon of pawns, to push the leading one.
12.
W. The king castles.
B. The queen at her 4th square.
13.
W. King’s rook at its queen’s square.(i)
B. The king castles.(k)
14.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
15.
W. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
16.
W. Queen’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 2d.(l)
(i) This move is indispensible to prevent him from pushing his queen’s
bishop’s pawn, which would bring two of his pawns a-breast upon your
ground; besides, affording a favourable opportunity for his bishop to
get out.
(k) If he had pushed his queen’s knight’s pawn two squares, you would
have won a pawn, by attacking his queen with your queen’s knight.
(l) This party is quite even, the position is as good on one side as
the other, the bishops are reduced to a narrow field, and the rooks are
free.
FIRST BACK GAME,
_On the Third Move of the Black_.
3.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
4.
W. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The queen’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
5.
W. The king’s bishop gives check.(a)
B. The bishop covers the check.
6.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The knight takes the bishop.
7.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The knight takes the pawn.
(a) If, instead of giving check, you had removed this bishop to your
queen’s third square, you would have lost the advantage, both of the
move and of the situation, because he would immediately have made
himself master of the centre, by pushing his king’s pawn.
8.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. The same.(b)
9.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The king castles.
10.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
11.
W. The king castles.
(b) If he had sustained this knight by any other piece, he would have
been subject to lose him, by your pushing the king’s bishop’s pawn two
squares.
PHILIDOR leaving the conduct of the party here—adds—"Such being the
situation of the game, you have chiefly two objects in view: first,
to fortify the queen’s bishop, whose direction annoys the adverse
king, and next to attack the queen’s pawn, which being separated from
the other pawns, can no longer be sustained but by the pieces. It is
always advantageous to attack a separated pawn, were it only to employ
the adverse pieces." This direction consigns the black pieces to the
defensive: but if the EDITOR rightly interprets the indications of
their situation, timid play must be discarded. As the black knight
loses two moves, by the retreating course, assigned him in the back
game, it is requisite to attempt a variation.
VARIATION BY THE EDITOR,
_On the Tenth Move of the Black_.
Return the king to his square—the rook to his
square—the white queen’s bishop to his square—the
black queen’s knight to his king’s fourth.
10.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The knight at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 4th.(a)
(a) He takes an assailing position, leaving you to attack the exposed
pawn as you can. The knight is protected by an ambuscaded check.
Several pieces, in the course of the variation, are so protected.
11.
W. The king castles.
B. The queen at the adverse queen’s knight’s 4th.
12.
W. The queen gives check.(b)
B. The rook covers the check.
13.
W. The queen’s rook takes the pawn.
B. The queen takes the pawn and gives check.
14.
W. The king removes.
B. Queen’s knight at his 3d square.(c)
15.
W. Queen’s rook at its queen’s 3d.
B. The king at his queen’s square.
16.
W. The king at his queen’s 2d.
B. The king’s bishop at the adverse queen’s
knight’s 4th.
(b) Were the adverse queen suffered to take the pawn, in the present
situation of the pieces, there would be a smothered-mate.
(c) To prevent check-mate. From the present position, he must not stir,
while the adverse rook and queen menace his queen, unless to take the
rook, or to give check.
The black player has the best of the game. Whatever changes take place
must be to his advantage. As the juncture did not favor the promotion
of the single black pawn; involved play against the adverse superior
pieces, was the only expedient by which the black pieces could support
a competition. If at the 11th move, the white king should not castle,
and the attacked pawn should be moved against the knight, the black
queen must still go to the adverse knight’s 4th.
SECOND BACK GAME,
_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.
7.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(a)
8.
W. The queen at her 3d square.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
9.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The same.
10.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(b)
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
(a This allows you to lay a foundation for a result) in your favour.
You must give him no other opportunity of pushing his queen’s pawn; if
you succeed, his king’s bishop must remain imprisoned, and your pieces
will cover more ground than those of your adversary.
(b) This move is essential; he would otherwise have attacked your queen
with his queen’s knight; by which he would have obtained liberty to
push his queen’s pawn, and disengage his pieces.
11.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d square.
B. The king castles.
12.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.(c)
B. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 4th.(d)
13.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. Queen’s knight at the adverse queen’s knight’s 3d.
14.
W. Queen’s rook at its queen’s square.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
(c) If circumstances had permitted you to remove your queen’s bishop to
the king’s third square, he would have played his king’s knight to his
fifth square, in order to take your bishop, and free that of his king.
It is convenient to preserve a bishop of the same diagonal with your
adversary. The oblique action of the bishop is very dangerous, and the
best defence is to oppose bishop to bishop.
(d) He plays this knight in order to exchange him for your bishop.
15.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s knight’s square.(e)
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(f)
16.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
17.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 4th.
18.
W. Queen’s knight at his king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 4th.(g)
(e) None of the attacks of the adversary are dangerous, because they
do not break your centre; and you may dislodge the knights whenever
you please; this proves that real attacks are to be made only by the
co-operation of several pieces, and very seldom succeed with one or two.
(f) In order to hinder your queen’s knight from attacking his queen’s
pawn.
(g) Instead of removing this knight, he might have sustained him by
playing his queen to her knight’s third square: then you would have
pushed your king’s knight’s pawn.
19.
W. The king castles.(h)
(h) In this situation you have a practicable road for the attainment
of the game, but it will depend on preventing the adverse queen’s pawn
from advancing, and on not being too hasty in pushing the pawns on the
right wing, till the king is ready to sustain them.
THIRD BACK GAME,
_On the Eleventh Move of the Black_.
11.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
12.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. The king’s bishop gives check.
13.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(a)
B. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
14.
W. The king castles with his rook.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 4th.(b)
15.
W. Queen’s rook at its queen’s square.(c)
B. The king’s knight takes the bishop.
(a) If he take your knight, his queen must necessarily fall into your
hands, because it cannot be sustained by any other pawn; besides, you
may attack it with all your pieces.
(b) He plays this knight to get rid of your bishop, and open afterwards
a passage for his king’s bishop upon your king and queen, which would
prove very dangerous.
(c) Your view is, to oblige him, either to sustain the pawn of his
queen, or to take your knight.
16.
W. The queen takes the knight.
B. Queen’s knight at his king’s 2d.
17.
W. The king at his rook’s square.(d)
B. The king’s bishop takes the knight.(e)
18.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. The king castles.(f)
(d) You might have taken his queen’s pawn with your knight, and
afterwards played your queen to your king’s fourth, to force his
knight; but he would then have disentangled his queen by giving check;
so that this move is previously necessary.
(e) Being no longer able defensively to sustain his queen’s pawn; he is
forced to take your knight, to preserve it.
(f) In this situation, the white player must win; the remaining
measures being, to hinder the adverse queen’s pawn from coming into
play, and to sustain the centre pawns, not advancing them too hastily.
=_Fourth Regular Party_=,
Variant from the First Party on the Third Move of the Black,
WITH ONE BACK GAME,
_On the Fifth Move of the White_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The same.
3.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
4.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(a)
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
(a) You might push this pawn only one square, but then your situation
would be the same, as that already shewn in the first variation.
5.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.(b) ☜
B. The king’s bishop gives check.(c)
6.
W. The queen’s bishop covers the check.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
7.
W. The queen’s knight takes the bishop.
B. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(d)
8.
W. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The knight takes the pawn.
9.
W. The queen at her knight’s 3d.(e)
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
(b) Instead of taking, you might push the king’s pawn a square, which
would not be amiss against a player to whom some advantage is given.
The subject of a back game.
(c) Had he removed his bishop to his queen’s knight’s third, he would
have committed himself, and conspired to establish your pawns in the
centre.
(d) Had he not played in this manner, he would have given you time to
occupy the centre with your pawns.
(e) You might give check with your queen at your king’s second square,
but this move would enable your adversary to educe his queen’s bishop;
besides, the king and queen are, generally, not to be placed on the
same line, especially when the file is left open by the exchange of
each party’s pawn.
10.
W. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
B. The king castles.
11.
W. The king castles with his rook.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s knight’s 3d.(f)
12.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
13.
W. The queen at her bishop’s 2d.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
14.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.(g)
B. The same.(h)
(f) He plays this with a view, either to get out his queen’s bishop, or
to remove your king’s bishop.
(g) You push this pawn to break the chain of pawns that cover his king.
(h) As he has pushed his king’s bishop’s pawn two squares, you must
endeavour to post one of your knights at the adverse king’s fourth
square, from whence he cannot be removed but by an exchange, and an
exchange will unite your pawns in the centre.
15.
W. Queen’s knight at his king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
16.
W. Queen’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. Queen’s knight at his king’s bishop 3d.(i)
17.
W. Queen’s rook at its queen’s square.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s 4th.
18.
W. The queen at her 2d square.(k)
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
19.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.(l)
(i) He will not concentre your pawns by taking your knight.
(k) This move is necessary, to prevent his knight from occupying your
king’s third square.
(l) I should think the white has the better game, on account of the
place where the queen’s knight stands; however, such an advantage,
unaccompanied by any other, is not decisive: the black must not take
the knight before he has displaced one of the pawns that sustain the
knight, which may be done by changing the queen’s bishop’s pawn for the
adverse queen’s pawn, and then both games will be even.
FIRST BACK GAME,
_On the Fifth Move of the White_.
5.
W. The king’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.(a)
6.
W. The queen’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The King’s bishop gives check.
7.
W. The queen’s bishop covers the check.(b)
B. The king’s bishop takes the bishop.
8.
W. The queen’s knight takes the bishop.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(c)
(a) Had he withdrawn his knight, that move alone would have given you
the game.
(b) You might cover check with your queen’s knight, placing him at his
bishop’s third, and if he then played his king’s knight to your king’s
fourth, you would not be without means of sustaining your centre; in
that situation, his best play would be to push his queen’s pawn two
squares.
(c) Had he pushed this pawn two squares, your centre would have been
safe.
9.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.(d)
B. The queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
10.
W. The queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
11.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
12.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The king’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.(e)
(d) If your king’s bishop’s pawn had been played two squares, he might
have broken your pawns, by pushing his queen’s bishop’s pawn to the
full extent.
(e) The black player has succeeded in breaking the white central pawns.
The design of this back game is to prove, how dangerous it is, when
two pawns stand on a front line in the centre, to advance one, before
your adversary offers to change. You should wait the offer, and then
the pawn may be pushed safely. If, even after you had incautiously
assailed the knight with your pawn, instead of pushing his queen’s and
his bishop’s pawn one square only, he had advanced either of them two
squares, offering to change, your centre would have remained safe.
=_Fifth Regular Party_=,
Variant from the First Party, on the Third Move of the Black;
WITH ONE BACK GAME,
_On the Third Move of the Black_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The same.
3.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 3d.(a) ☜
(a) As, instead of this move, he might have played his queen to your
king’s rook’s fourth, it will be the subject of a back game.
4.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(b)
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(c)
5.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.(d)
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
6.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(e)
(b) He forces you to get out your king’s knight before your pawn; but
after repelling the attack, you may manœuvre to bring the pawn into
play. You might for the knight have substituted the queen; but she is
better at her home, because she enables you to advance, with effect,
the queen’s pawn upon his king’s bishop.
(c) He plays his knight with a view to hinder you from pushing your
queen’s pawn two squares, nevertheless this move may be ventured; as is
illustrated in another party.
(d) It is not always advantageous to push the pawns on the wings; as
the removal of the knight’s pawn, in particular, lays open the rook,
such a step must be taken cautiously.
(e) If he had advanced this pawn two squares, you must have pushed
yours upon his knight, according to the rule already prescribed, always
to advance the attacked pawn.
7.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. The same.
8.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The same.
9.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.(f)
10.
W. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
11.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the bishop.(g)
12.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 4th.
B. The king castles with his rook.(h)
13.
W. The queen’s knight takes the bishop.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
(f) Not being able to turn your king’s bishop’s action with his pawns,
he interposes his queen’s bishop.
(g) He might take with the pawn, and it would not be bad play.
(h) Had he castled on his queen’s side, he would have committed to you
the advantage of situation.
14.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. The king’s knight at his queen’s bishop’s square.
15.
W. The king castles with his rook.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
16.
W. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.(i)
B. The queen takes the pawn.(k)
(i) Had you not taken this pawn, he would have advanced it another move
upon your bishop, have dislodged him, and obtained an easy attack upon
your king’s wing with his pawns.
(k) Now, the pursuit of the white must be, to change the king’s
bishop’s pawn with the adverse king’s pawn, and that will turn the
advantage on his side.
BACK GAME,
_On the Third Move of the Black_.
3.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen at the adverse king’s rook’s 4th.
4.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
5.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
6.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.(a)
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 3d.(b)
7.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(c)
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
(a) On this move, the king’s knight might be played to his bishop’s
third.
(b) If, instead of his queen’s retreating, his bishop had taken your
king’s bishop’s pawn, giving check, you must have taken his bishop with
your queen; and you would have gained a piece.
(c) The rook’s third square is not the best place for the knight, but
it is necessary in the present crisis.
8.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 3d.(d)
9.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the knight.
B. The king’s bishop takes the bishop.
10.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
B. The queen’s bishop takes the knight.
11.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. The same.(e)
(d) Had he withdrawn this knight, you must then have placed yours, now
attacked, at his bishop’s second square; and at the subsequent move,
have played your queen’s bishop to the king’s third, to take off the
adverse bishop.
(e) It is evident, that the white player has several moves over the
black. The black pieces have been engaged in a speculation which always
proves miscalculated against a good player. The queen, making the
premature attack has retreated, and she must again remove, to avoid the
approach of the adverse, and to make way for her own pawns.
=_Sixth Regular Party_=.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.(a)
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
3.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(b)
B. King’s pawn 1 square.
(a) This way of opening the game, when you have not the move, is
entirely defensive, and therefore not to be adopted if any advantage
is granted; but commencing on equal terms, it is a good experiment on
strength of an adversary with whose skill you are unacquainted.
(b) On this move he might have forced you to play the gambit, by
pushing his king’s pawn two squares; and you could not take without
being exposed to a check from his queen. The train of moves, then
induced, would terminate in his favor, if he played critically correct.
4.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(c)
B. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
5.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.(d)
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.(e)
(c) You might have pushed your queen’s pawn two squares, in order to
change it with his queen’s bishop’s pawn, and this move would not be
amiss; but it would bring his king’s bishop to his queen’s bishop’s
fourth, where he would give great annoyance to your pieces, unless you
had your queen’s bishop to oppose him.
(d) He might have played his queen’s pawn one square; in that case,
you must have taken his pawn with yours, to hinder him from placing
his pieces on the side of his queen, correspondingly to those on your
king’s side.
(e) It would be bad play in him to take your pawn, as that would be
clearing the way for your queen’s knight; so it would be wrong for you
to take his pawn with yours, as that would present an advantageous post
to his king’s bishop.
7.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. The queen at her knight’s 3d.(f)
8.
W. The queen at her 2d square.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 2d.(g)
9.
W. The queen’s pawn takes the queen’s bishop’s pawn.(h)
B. The king’s bishop takes the pawn.
10.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the bishop.
(f) He attacks your queen’s knight’s pawn in order to induce you to
push it, but it is better to sustain it; for if it leaves its place, he
may, by pushing his queen’s rook’s pawn two squares, form a successful
attack on your left wing.
(g) Had he attacked your queen’s bishop with this knight, you must not
have suffered him to change piece for piece; but have withdrawn your
bishop, and forced his knight to retreat afterwards.
(h) As your queen’s knight cannot sally, without exposing you to the
risk, of having either a pawn doubled, or your queen forced, it is
necessary to take off his king’s bishop.
11.
W. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 3d.(i)
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.(k)
12.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.(l)
13.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The king’s knight’s pawn takes the king’s bishop’s pawn.(m)
(i) You play this knight that he may be in a course to co-operate with
your king’s knight at your queen’s fourth; the rook’s third is the best
post he can at present take. In general, it is essential to keep open a
free communication between the knights; as it is desirable to post them
on squares, where they can neither be attacked by pawns, nor forced by
other pieces to retreat.
(k) He pushes this pawn with a view to break your centre, and it would
be assisting his scheme to take it.
(l) His design is to make an opening for his king’s rook, and were he
allowed to push this pawn another square, he would force and break the
rear of your cordon of pawns.
(m) As your king’s knight, sustained by two pawns, may safely place
himself at his fifth square, so the adversary takes your pawn, that he
may procure for his knight a similar post.
14.
W. The king’s knight’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. King’s rook at its knight’s square.(n)
15.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.(o)
16.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
17.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 4th.(p)
B. The king at his 2d square.
(n) He plays this rook, to secure the command of the file. Here is a
juncture at which a rook may well be sacrificed for another piece.
Supposing that you were not to close this line with your knight, he
would remove his rook to your king’s knight’s fourth square, where,
supported by two pawns, it could not be taken, without concentring his
pawns.
(o) He plays this knight with a design of procuring him as good a place
as yours now occupies.
(p) By this move you break the direction of his queen, and your two
knights are united to attack and take his knight’s pawn.
18.
W. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop at his queen’s 2d.
19.
W. The king castles with his rook.(q)
B. Queen’s rook at its bishop’s square.
20.
W. Queen’s rook at its bishop’s square.(r)
(q) It would be dangerous to castle on your left, because the adversary
might form an easy attack upon your king; besides, your king must
occupy his knight’s third square, in order to restrain the adverse
king’s knight, and in the mean while sustain your pawns.
(r) This is necessary to prevent him from making himself master of that
file, by changing his knight for yours, the consequence of which would
give him the game. The rooks are never to yield up the openings. At
present the game is even, except that the pawn advanced on the ground
of the black, may be said to give the white some little advantage.
The conduct of the regular parties is analytical, the most consummate
form of each taking the lead, from which the back games that branch,
are inferior either in the dexterity or the regularity of the moves.
By some of the back games it appears, that a player may commence his
investment of the adverse party in form, and yet, from the manner of
the play that is opposed to him, be diverted into irregularity. Again,
on the other hand it will appear, from some examples of the Salvio
Gambit, on which we are going to enter; that when one player meditates
a speedier circumvention than regularity of approach could effect;
defensive movements may be adopted by the other, of a systematic
character, the influence of which shall be so strong, as to impress, by
degrees, a conformity to method on the attitude of both sets of pieces.
At the same time, in practice it will be found, that a continual
recurrence to principle must modulate the movements of gambits, or they
will resemble the incursions of the Cossacks. The difficulty is, when
you attempt a _coup de main_ at Chess, to preserve such an arrangement,
that you may return to the progressive method, if obliged, without
taking lower ground than the adversary.
=_The Salvio Gambit_=.
FIRST PARTY,
WITH THREE BACK GAMES.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
3.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
5.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The queen gives check.
6.
W. The king at his bishop’s square.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(a)
(a) DOCTOR SALVIO, in his Treatise, printed at Naples, in the year
1723, lays down this defence of the gambit, but without examining
thoroughly any combination; the great number of moves which arise and
succeed each other every instant in this party, very possibly may have
prevented him from analyzing and calculating the matter.
PHILIDOR can only mean, that SALVIO has not particularised any
combinations different from the step dictated, in collateral notes on
the play; though it is evident that he must have traced them, from his
ultimately fixing on the most complete defence.
7.
W. The queen at her king’s square.(b) ☜
B. The queen takes the queen.(c) ☜
8.
W. The king takes the queen.
B. The king’s knight takes the king’s pawn.(d) ☜
(b) The seventh move may be played different ways; two only however are
eligible: the first, to take the pawn with the bishop, and give check;
the other, to play the queen’s pawn two squares—pursued in two back
games.
(c) If, instead of taking your queen, he had pushed his king’s knight’s
pawn, you must have taken his king’s bishop’s pawn, giving check, and
then have played your knight to your king’s bishop’s third square.
(d) Had he pushed his queen’s pawn one square, instead of taking your
pawn with his knight; you must have taken his king’s bishop’s pawn with
your knight, and sacrificed the knight and bishop for two pawns and a
rook; the subject of a back game.
9.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn, and gives check.
B. The king at his 2d square.(e)
10.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.(f)
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(g)
11.
W. The queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen’s pawn 1 square.
(e) If he had moved his king to his queen’s square, it would have been
your game, to have drawn back your king’s bishop, in order to give
double check with your knight, or make him lose a turn.
(f) In this situation you must either win a pawn, or force the change
of his king’s rook for your knight.
(g) Had he pushed his queen’s pawn one move, it would have been proper
to have attacked his rook with your knight, and then to take his
queen’s pawn with the knight, leaving his rook exposed to your bishop.
12.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.(h)
B. King’s pawn 1 square.(i)
13.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
14.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
15.
W. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
16.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. Queen’s rook at his king’s square.(k)
(h) It would be bad play to attack his rook with your knight, who being
without a retreat, would at length be forced and taken.
(i) Being no longer able to sustain this pawn, he pushes it: you must
readily take it, because all pawns separated and advanced on your
ground must be lost.
(k) In this position the white party have this advantage, that their
pieces are disposed in better order; nevertheless, this manner of
playing the gambit is no ways advantageous against a player, to whom
a piece is granted; though this party, when played without odds, is a
very good one.
FIRST BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST PARTY,
_On the Seventh Move of the White_.
7.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn and gives check.
B. The king at his 2d square.(a)
8.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.(b)
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(c)
(a) SALVIO here directs the removal of the king to his queen’s square;
but, after the most exact calculations, I think it would be better to
play the king to his second square: that the reader may, however, judge
which is the preferable course, I exhibit both ways of playing, adding
a variation on the seventh move of the black.
(b) You are forced to withdraw the bishop, in order to avoid the loss
of a piece.
(c) If he had taken your king’s pawn with his knight, you must have
played your queen to your king’s square, to offer an exchange of
queens, which would restore your game to a firm state of defence; but
if, instead of pushing this pawn, he had played his knight to his
king’s rook’s fourth, you should have taken his king’s knight’s pawn
with your queen, permitting afterwards double check: then, by taking
his knight and sacrificing your rook, your situation from embarrassing
rises to advantageous.
9.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.(d)
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 4th.
10.
W. The queen at her king’s square.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.(e)
11.
W. The king at his knight’s square.(f)
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.(g)
(d) This is a very bad retreat for your knight; but if you had attacked
his rook, your piece would have been forced. It is the adverse king,
played to his second square, on the seventh move, that has thrown your
game into so perplexing a situation.
(e Had he given double check with his knight, you) would have won a
piece by removing your king; and if he had exchanged queens, you would
have put an end to his attack.
(f) This move is very requisite, to disengage your king’s rook.
(g) If you were to take his pawn with yours, he would instantly give
you check-mate.
12.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen at her king’s knight’s 4th.
13.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s square.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
14.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the bishop.
15.
W. The king’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(h)
B. The queen at her king’s knight’s 3d.
16.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.(i)
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
17.
W. King’s knight at his king’s square.(k)
(h) It is advisable to push this pawn; and not to take, which would
establish his king’s knight upon your ground.
(i) You thus prepare for bringing out the pieces of your left wing,
without being obliged to place your knight at his bishop’s third.
(k) In this position, though the black pieces have the advantage, yet
the game is not irrecoverably lost, because the white have still some
chance of succeeding in placing their pawns in the centre.
SUPPLEMENT
TO THE FIRST BACK GAME.
7.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(a)
8.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.
B. King’s pawn 1 square.
9.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn and gives check.
10.
W. The king takes the pawn.
B. The queen gives check, &c. &c.(b)
(a) Had he taken your king’s pawn, you must have played your queen to
your king’s second.
(b) It is unnecessary to proceed; the variations of the first back game
recur, with the difference that you have one pawn less.
SECOND BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST PARTY,
_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.
7.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn and gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s square.(a)
8.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(b)
B. King’s pawn 1 square.(c)
(a) This creates no necessity of withdrawing your bishop as in the
first back game, so that remaining in advance, he may hinder the
adverse king’s knight from posting himself at his king’s rook’s fourth;
a move portending danger.
(b) Had you withdrawn your king’s bishop to attack the king and rook
with your knight, he would have played his knight to his king’s rook’s
fourth, and sacrificed his rook to win the game.
(c) There were two other ways for him to have played; the first, to
force your knight to retreat, by pushing his queen’s pawn upon him;
the other, to take your king’s pawn with his knight, in which case you
should offer an exchange of queens, by playing yours to your king’s
square.
9.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(d)
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
10.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
11.
W. The king takes the pawn.
B. The queen gives check.
12.
W. The king at his knight’s square.(e)
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
13.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 4th.(f)
(d) Had you taken his pawn with yours, he would have won the game.
(e) If you had moved the king to his bishop’s second square, the black
would have won the game, by giving check with his king’s knight’s pawn,
and, at the next move, check with his king’s knight.
(f) This move forces his queen to retreat, and allows time to put
your game in a state of defence. If you could exchange queens, your
condition would be still better, for your pawns not only stand in the
centre, but are farther advanced than his.
Before the retreat of the queen, it will be proper for the gambit pawn
to take, giving check; that it may not be lost without compensation:
and the queen, on her retreat, must make such a demonstration by her
position as will effectually dislodge the bishop.
THIRD BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST PARTY OF THE SALVIO GAMBIT,
_On the Eighth Move of the Black_.
8.
W. The king takes the queen.
B. The queen’s pawn 1 square.(a)
9.
W. The king’s knight takes the king’s bishop’s pawn.
B. The queen’s pawn 1 square.
10.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn.(b)
B. The king’s knight takes the bishop.
(a) If instead of this, he had played his queen’s knight to his
bishop’s third, you must have taken his knight with yours, and
sustained your king’s pawn, by that of your queen.
(b) It is better to take his pawn, than to surrender your bishop to it,
because his rook still remains exposed.
11.
W. The knight takes the rook.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(c)
12.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.
13.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(d)
B. The bishop takes the knight.(e)
14.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the pawn.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
15.
W. The knight at his queen’s 2d.(f)
(c) He might with his knight have attacked your queen’s bishop’s pawn,
which you would have defended with your queen’s knight.
(d) This move is necessary, because he could have taken your king’s
pawn by sacrificing his knight, and afterwards have taken your queen’s
knight’s pawn with his bishop.
(e) He could not have sustained the king’s or gambit pawn for more than
two or three moves.
(f) In this situation, it is better to advance the king under the
pawns, than to castle, and you will have then a better game than your
adversary.
=_Second Party_=
OF THE SALVIO GAMBIT,
WITH ONE BACK GAME,
_On the Seventh Move of the White_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
3.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
5.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th square.(a)
B. The queen gives check.
(a) You might castle at the fifth move, and suffer him to take your
knight; you then take his knight’s pawn with your queen, and depend for
reprisals on attacking his king’s bishop’s pawn. All your pieces would
easily get out, and before he could secure his king, it would be easy
for you to regain some advantage.
6.
W. The king at his bishop’s square.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
7.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(b) ☜
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(c)
8.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.(d)
B. King’s pawn 1 square.
(b) If you had taken his king’s bishop’s pawn with your knight, he
would, by pushing his queen’s pawn two squares, have gained two pieces
for his king’s rook. As the same pawn might have been taken by the
bishop, and check given at the same time, it will form the subject of a
back game.
(c) Had he brought out his queen’s knight to his bishop’s third, you
must have taken his knight with yours, and then offered queen for queen
at your king’s square.
(d) Had you taken his king’s pawn with your knight, he would have left
his rook exposed, playing his king’s knight to his rook’s fourth, as a
prelude to a double attack on your king and rook, which would throw you
into a disagreeable situation.
9.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.(e)
B. The queen gives check.
10.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. The queen gives check.
11.
W. The king at his 3d square.
B. The king’s bishop gives check.
12.
W. The king’s knight covers the check.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(f)
13.
W. The queen at its king’s bishop’s square.
B. The queen takes the queen.
(e) Had you taken the pawn with yours, he would, by taking with his
king’s knight’s pawn, have opened the line for his queen’s bishop;
by which you would be exposed to the hazard of losing your queen, or
receiving check-mate.
(f) He plays this pawn to prevent his queen being forced. (See the
situation at the thirteenth move of the second back game of the first
gambit, volume the first.) And should he castle, or otherwise vary his
play, it would be your game to propose queen for queen, at your king’s
bishop’s square.
14.
W. The king’s bishop takes the queen.
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.(g)
15.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
16.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(h)
(g) It was of consequence to withdraw his bishop, for by pushing your
king’s rook’s pawn two squares, you would have broken all his pawns.
(h) From this period the endeavour of each must be, to bring out the
pieces as soon as possible; but the white must persist in not taking
the king’s knight’s pawn with his rook’s pawn; and, though the black
have the advantage in numbers, by a pawn, the situation of the white
will then be preferable.
BACK GAME,
_On the Seventh Move of the White_.
7.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn, and gives check.
B. The king at his 2d square.(a)
8.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(b)
9.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 4th.
(a) Had he withdrawn his king to his queen’s square, you should have
pushed your queen’s pawn to its extent, and you would have obtained a
firm position; but by this move, he dictates the retreat of your king’s
bishop, otherwise by pushing his queen’s pawn he would gain a piece.
(b) He had two other ways of playing; the one, to take your king’s pawn
with his knight, on which you play your queen to your king’s second
square, letting him give double check with his knight, that sacrificing
your rook for the knight, you might win the game. The other way would
be, to transport his king’s knight to his rook’s fourth, in which case
you ought to propose an exchange of queen’s at your king’s square.
10.
W. The queen at her king’s square.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 3d.(c)
11.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
12.
W. The queen takes the pawn and gives check.
B. The queen takes the queen.
13.
W. The king’s knight takes the queen.(d)
(c) Had he given double check with his knight, you ought to have
withdrawn your king to his knight’s square, and then he would lose a
piece; and had he taken your queen, you ought to have taken with your
knight, to facilitate the bringing out your pieces.
(d) In the present situation the white seem to have the best of the
game.
=_Supplements to former Games_=.
SUPPLEMENT
To the First Gambit in the First Volume:
WITH TWO BACK GAMES;
_On the Fifth Move of the Black, and the Sixth of the White_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
3.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
5.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(a) ☜
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
7.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.
B. The king’s knight takes the king’s pawn.
8.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the pawn.(b)
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
9.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.(c)
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.
(a) You might have taken his king’s knight’s pawn with yours, but your
pieces would then have been too much entangled; nevertheless, I shall
make it the subject of a back game.
(b) At present he has the superiority over you of a pawn: but in
abatement of that advantage, it is to be observed, that the pawn which
should be foremost, being left behind, will remain useless till it
attain your king’s bishop’s fourth square.
(c) Let him have played what piece he would, you certainly should have
played as you have done, unless he had exposed some piece to be taken.
10.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
11.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
12.
W. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.(d)
13.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
14.
W. The king castles with his rook.(e)
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
(d) His knight, which he arms with two pawns, you must forbear taking;
as it would unite his pawns in the centre, introducing his king’s
bishop’s pawn, now useless, to a post that would ensure him the game.
(e) It is better to castle on your right than on your left; because
your king will sustain the knight’s pawn, in case your adversary takes
your queen’s bishop.
15.
W. The king at his rook’s 2d.
B. The king castles.(f)
(f) The position of the two parties is nearly even. The white pieces
must carry all their disposable force against the adverse king’s
bishop’s pawn, in order to take it: the black, on the other hand,
must manœuvre to exchange the king’s knight, in order to unite their
pawns in the centre. It is apparent from this gambit, that it is not
advantageous to push the king’s rook’s pawn two squares, at the fourth
move.
FIRST BACK GAME,
_On the Fifth Move of the Black_.
5.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(a)
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
7.
W. The king’s knight takes the king’s knight’s pawn.
B. The queen takes the king’s pawn, and gives check.
8.
W. The queen covers the check.(b)
(a) Had you taken the exposed pawn with your knight, he would have
pushed his king’s bishop’s pawn upon your knight, forcing him to retire
to your king’s bishop’s second: he then, taking your king’s pawn with
that of his bishop, would have secured the advantage of position.
(b) In this situation you must exchange queens, as the most eligible
step; and afterwards take the gambit pawn. The two games are even. It
is easily seen, that this way of playing the gambit is neither of a
very interesting nature, nor affords the same after-games or numberless
variations that spring from Salvio’s gambits.
SECOND BACK GAME,
_On the Sixth Move of the White_.
6.
W. The king’s knight takes the knight’s pawn.(a)
B. The king’s knight takes the king’s pawn.(b)
7.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. The same.(c)
(a) Had you played your king’s bishop to your queen’s bishop’s fourth,
attacking his king’s bishop’s pawn, he would have removed his queen to
her king’s second square, and rendered your position far from good.
(b) It would be bad play to take your knight with his.
(c) Though he defends his knight with his queen, he might without
danger have sustained him, by pushing his queen’s pawn two squares: in
which case you must have removed your king’s knight to his bishop’s
second.
8.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(d)
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.
9.
W. The queen takes the queen.
B. The king’s bishop takes the queen.
10.
W. King’s rook at its 2d square.
B. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(e)
11.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
12.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 4th.
(d) You play the knight to hinder him from pushing his queen’s pawn two
squares; but if, contrary to your expectation, he should move the pawn
to its full extent, you may take it without danger.
(e) Had he played the knight to his king’s bishop’s fourth, you must
have attacked his king’s bishop with your queen’s knight, to procure
his removal; and if he had afterwards taken the rook’s pawn and given
check, you should have taken his bishop with your rook, to give check
with your queen’s knight.
13.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
14.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.(f)
(f) The game is nearly even: the gambit pawn will in time be taken, as
it is separated, and cannot be sustained, but by the pieces.
SUPPLEMENT
To the Third Party in the First Volume; the Black moving first.
WITH ONE BACK GAME,
_On the Seventh Move of the White_.
1.
B. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
W. The same.
2.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
3.
B. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
B. The queen’s pawn takes the king’s pawn.
W. The king’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
5.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(a)
(a) It is better to push this pawn the second square, than to expose
the queens, which would bring on a series of very puzzling moves;
whereas, on the mode intended to be pursued, whether he takes the
king’s pawn, or the king’s knight, you will find ways to defend
yourself.
6.
B. Queen’s pawn moves to the adverse king’s 3d.
W. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
7.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(b) ☜
8.
B. The king’s knight takes the pawn.
W. The king’s bishop gives check.
9.
B. The queen’s bishop covers the check.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
10.
B. The queen’s knight takes the bishop.
W. The king castles.(c)
(b) If you had sustained your queen’s pawn with that of your queen’s
bishop, you would have lost the game; but in this situation he cannot
take the pawn that is upon the file of your king, without losing in
return the one that is at your king’s third. There is yet another way
of playing, giving check with the king’s bishop: it will make the
subject of a back game.
(c) The pieces of the white seem to be the better placed.
BACK GAME,
_On the Seventh Move of the White_.
7.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
W. The king’s bishop gives check.
8.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(a)
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
9.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn at the adverse king’s 3d.(b)
10.
B. The queen’s rook’s pawn takes the bishop.
W. The queen takes the knight.
11.
B. The queen takes the pawn.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 4th.
(a) Had he covered the check with his queen’s bishop, you had been
enabled to take his king’s knight with your queen.
(b) If he take this pawn with his king’s bishop’s pawn, you take his
queen’s knight, giving check; and afterwards take his king’s knight
with your queen.
12.
B. The queen at the adverse king’s 4th.(c)
W. The pawn takes the king’s bishop’s pawn, and gives check.
13.
B. The king takes the pawn.
W. The queen gives check.
14.
B. The king’s knight’s pawn covers the check.
W. The queen gives check at the adverse queen’s 4th.
15.
B. The queen takes the queen.
W. The knight takes the queen.
16.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
W. The king’s knight takes the pawn.
17.
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
(c) Had he taken the pawn that is at his king’s third, and attacked
your queen, you must have taken his queen with your knight; and upon
the capture of your queen, your knight, by attacking the king and rook,
would have ensured the game.
18.
B. King’s rook at its king’s square.
W. The king castles.
The advantage of position inclines to the white party.
=_Practical Mates_=
AND
=_Ends of Parties_=.
METHOD
OF GIVING CHECK-MATE WITH A ROOK AND
A BISHOP AGAINST A ROOK.(a)
_Situation of the White._
The king at the adverse king’s 3d.
The rook at its queen’s bishop’s square.
The bishop at the adverse king’s 4th.
_Situation of the Black._
The king at his square.
The rook at its queen’s 2d.
1.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The rook covers the check.
(a) In a former edition, I thought it would suffice to place the black
in that position, which was most favourable to a protracted defence:
but, as many lovers of the game desire to know the mode of forcing the
black into the position, here assigned to him, it will be displayed in
a subsequent example.
2.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The rook at the adverse queen’s 2d.(b)
3.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s knight’s 2d.(c)
B. The rook at the adverse queen’s square.
4.
W. The rook at the adverse king’s knight’s 2d.(d)
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s square.(e) ☜
(b) He takes the situation most calculated to elude you. To give
check-mate, you must force your adversary to place his rook, either
at your queen’s square, or at your queen’s third square. In either
position, the game will be won, after a few computed moves.
(c) He is now obliged to play his rook to your queen’s square, or to
your queen’s third square.
(d) You have already forced him to play his rook to one of those
squares where he is in a course to lose: but this is not enough; for
your rook must not be farther from your king than the number of squares
which a knight passes at a move. If you were to play your rook to its
queen’s bishop’s second square, he would play his rook to your queen’s
second square; and you must be eternally recommencing: whereas, by
passing your rook on your right, he must, to parry the mate, play his
rook to your king’s bishop’s square, which is no better than that of
his queen.
5.
W. The bishop at his king’s knight’s 3d.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.(f) ☜
6.
W. The rook at its king’s knight’s 4th.
B. The king at his square.(g)
7.
W. The rook at its queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The rook at the adverse queen’s square.(h) ☜
8.
W. The bishop at his king’s rook’s 4th.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.
(e) As he might have played his king to his bishop’s square, we will
make it the subject of a back-game.
(f) He could have played his rook to your king’s bishop’s third: the
subject of another back-game.
(g) He brings back his king to form an interval, for his rook to cover
the check of your rook.
(h) He might have played the king to his bishop’s square: the subject
of the last back-game.
9.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The rook gives check.
10.
W. The bishop covers the check.
B. The king at his knight’s square.
11.
W. The rook at its king’s rook’s 4th square, and must win.
FIRST BACK GAME,
_On the Fourth Move of the Black_.
4.
W. The rook at the adverse king’s knight’s 2d.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.
5.
W. The rook at the adverse king’s rook’s 2d.(a)
B. The rook at the adverse king’s knight’s square.
6.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 2d.(b)
B. The king at his knight’s square.
(a) You force him, by this move, to play his rook to your king’s
knight’s square, to parry the mate; which will give you his rook
gratuitously.
(b) You leave him no other way to ward the mate, than playing his king
to his knight’s square; for, if he check with his rook, you preserve
your attack impending in undiminished force over him, by covering with
your bishop.
7.
W. The rook gives check, at the adverse queen’s bishop’s square.
B. The king at his rook’s 2d.
8.
W. The rook gives check at the adverse king’s rook’s square,
and must win.
SECOND BACK GAME,
_On the Fifth Move of the Black_.
5.
W. The bishop at his king’s knight’s 3d.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
6.
W. The bishop at the adverse queen’s 3d.
B. The rook gives check.
7.
W. The bishop covers the check.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.(a)
8.
W. The rook gives check at the adverse king’s 2d.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.(b)
9.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The king at his knight’s square.
(a) If he had moved his king to his bishop’s square, you would have
played your rook to his king’s rook’s second, in order to give mate the
next move.
(b) If he had moved his king to his queen’s square, you must have
played your rook to his queen’s knight’s second, in order to give mate
the next move.
10.
W. The rook gives check at the adverse king’s knight’s 2d.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.(c)
11.
W. The rook at its king’s knight’s 4th.
B. The king at his square.(d)
12.
W. The bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th, and must win the game.
(c) If he had played his king to his rook’s square, you would have won
his rook, giving check by discovery.
(d) If he had played his rook to your king’s third, to prevent the
check of your bishop; you must have played your rook to your king’s
rook’s fourth, in order to give mate the next move.
THIRD BACK GAME,
_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.
7.
W. The rook at its queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.
8.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The king at his knight’s square.
9.
W. The rook at its king’s rook’s 4th, and must win the game.
METHOD
OF FORCING THE BLACK TO TAKE THE
POSITION ABOVE ASSIGNED, IN ORDER TO
GIVE MATE WITH A ROOK AND BISHOP
AGAINST A ROOK.
_Situation of the White._
The king at his 4th square.
The bishop at his king’s 3d square.
The rook at its queen’s rook’s 2d.
_Situation of the Black._
The king at his 3d square.
The rook at its queen’s 2d square.
1.
W. The rook at its queen’s knight’s 2d.(a)
B. The rook at its queen’s square.
2.
W. The bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.(b)
B. The rook at its king’s square.
(a) If you had checked with your rook, he would have covered with his;
but he is now obliged to retract his rook, which enables you to employ
your bishop.
(b) This prevents his rook from covering the check from yours, so that
you may force his king to retrograde.
3.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
4.
W. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s 2d.
5.
W. The rook at its queen’s knight’s square.(c)
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
6.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.(d)
(c) This move is material, in order to employ your bishop as above
directed; that is, to debar his rook from covering the check, which you
will give with yours.
(d) If he had moved the king to his square, you must then have advanced
your king to the face of his king, and left your bishop exposed. The
whole difficulty consists in placing your bishop at the adverse king’s
fourth. Your adversary’s manœuvre to prevent it, will be, leaving his
king inactive, and playing his rook, alternately, from the second to
the first square of your king’s bishop.
7.
W. The king at his 4th square.
B. The king at his square.(e) ☜
8.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The rook at its king’s bishop’s 2d.
9.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his 2d square.
10.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 4th.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s square.
11.
W. The rook gives check, at the adverse queen’s knight’s 2d.
B. The king at his square.
12.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 3d, and finds himself
in the position above assigned.
(e) Had he given you check with his rook, you must have played your
king to the adverse queen’s fourth, which would have given your bishop
the necessary liberty. The adversary could have likewise played his
king to his knight’s square, which will be made the subject of a back
game.
BACK GAME,
_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.
7.
W. The king at his 4th square.
B. The king at his knight’s square.
8.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The rook at its king’s bishop’s 2d.
9.
W. The rook at its queen’s knight’s square.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
10.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 4th.
B. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
11.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his knight’s 3d.
12.
W. The rook gives check at the adverse king’s knight’s 2d.
B. The king at his rook’s 3d.
13.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 3d.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s 2d.
14.
W. The rook at its king’s knight’s square.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
15.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The king at his rook’s 4th.
16.
W. The rook gives check at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
B. The king at his rook’s 3d.
17.
W. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The rook at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 2d.
18.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s knight’s 4th.
B. The rook gives check.
19.
W. The bishop covers the check.
B. The rook at its queen’s 2d.
20.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s knight’s square.
B. The king at his rook’s 4th.