W. King’s knight at his queen’s knight’s 3d square.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
28.
W. The queen’s bishop gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s 2d.
29.
W. King’s knight gives check at the black queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
30.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The queen at her bishop’s square.
31.
W. The rook at the queen’s knight’s square.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d square.
32.
W. Queen’s bishop gives check at the black queen’s 3d.
B. The king at his queen’s square.
33.
W. The queen gives check at the black queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. The king any where, loses the game.
THIRD PARTY,
THE BLACK PLAYER MOVING FIRST;
_With Three Back Games_.
N. B. The tactics of this game are not quite regular;
but the first moves of the white are very well
calculated, especially when some odds are granted.
1.
B. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
W. The same.
2.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d square.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
3.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.(a)
4.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
(a) It is always advantageous to change your king’s bishop’s pawn for
the adversary’s king’s pawn, because, by that means, your king’s and
queen’s pawns may place themselves in the centre of the chess-board;
besides, in castling on the right wing, your rook is at liberty to act,
at the beginning of the game, as will be shewn by a back game on the
same play.
5.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.(b)
W. The bishop takes the pawn.
6.
B. Queen’s bishop at the white king’s knight’s 4th square.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d square.
7.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d square.(c)
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
8.
B. The bishop retires.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d square.(d)
(b) If your adversary should refuse taking your bishop’s pawn, you
are still to leave it exposed, and not move it forward until he has
castled; when the pawns of your right wing, must form an attack upon
the pawns which cover his king, as is explained in a back game on that
move. You are, in general, to decline shewing hastily whether you have
determined to push the pawns on your right or left wing before your
adversary’s king has castled, because he will otherways retire on the
side where your pawns are less advanced, and consequently less able to
hurt him.
(c) Should he take your knight with his bishop, you must take the
bishop with your pawn, in order to concentre your pawns.
(d) This is the best square your king’s bishop can chuse, except the
fourth of your queen’s bishop: in that place he may be of use in
forming your attack upon the adverse king’s rook’s pawn, in case he
castles on his left side.
9.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d square.
W. The same.
10.
B. The king castles with his rook.(e)
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d square.
11.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 4th.(f)
W. The queen at her king’s 3d square.
(e) If he had castled on his queen’s side, it would then have been your
game to castle on your king’s side, in order to assail him with all the
pawns on your left. It should be observed, that as it is dangerous to
attack the adversary too soon, you should forbear engaging him closely,
until your pawns are previously sustained by one another, and the
supporting pawns by your superior pieces. The unsuccessful result of a
premature assault is exhibited in a back game.
(f) He plays the knight to make room for his king’s bishop’s pawn, with
a design next to advance it two squares, to endeavour to break your
cordon of pawns.
12.
B. King’s knight takes the bishop.(g)
W. The queen takes the knight.
13.
B. Queen’s bishop takes the knight.(h)
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
14.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
W. The queen at her king’s knight’s 3d.
15.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
(g) If he had pushed his king’s bishop’s pawn two squares, instead of
taking your bishop, you should in the first place have attacked his
queen with your queen’s bishop, and then have pushed your king’s rook’s
pawn upon his bishop, to force him to take your knight; then his bishop
must be taken with your pawn, in order the better to support your
king’s pawn, and replace it if lost.
(h) If he did not take this knight, the bishop would remain imprisoned
by your pawns; or his player would lose three moves, which would ruin
his situation.
16.
B. King’s rook at his king’s bishop’s 3d.(i)
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.(k)
17.
B. Queen’s rook at his king’s bishop’s square.
W. The king’s castles with his queen’s rook.
18.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.(l)
(i) With the design either to attack and remove your queen, or to
double it, if necessary, with the other rook.
(k) To give room to your queen, in case your adversary attacks her with
his king’s rook.
(l) The refined motives which produced this move make it difficult
to comprehend and explain. Preparatory to analysing it, let it be
observed, that when you have a range of pawns extending diagonally, the
pawn which is the leader must take his successive stations cautiously,
not protruding without necessity more than a square before the second
in the range, so as to want support. One project of the adversary, was
to force you to commit your pawns. Seeing your king’s pawn out of the
oblique line formed by your other pawns, and unprepared for any useful
co-operation; he proposed, by pushing his queen’s bishop’s pawn, either
to induce your queen’s pawn to advance a square, that its progress
might be blocked by his pawn, while your king’s pawn was left behind,
or to cause your king’s pawn to move to its support, one effect of
which would be, that your own pawn would shield his king’s rook’s pawn
from the menacing action of your bishop. Both these designs you defeat
by impelling the king’s pawn against his rook, and it is eligible to
sacrifice it, rather than accomplish his views. Should he take your
king’s pawn, a free passage is obtained for the pawn of your queen,
which you are to advance immediately, and sustain in case of need,
with your others, in order to move it to queen, or engage it in some
exertion that may conduce to the game. It is true that his queen’s
pawn, passing, at the capture, into the king’s file, appears to have
the same advantage of having no opposition from your pawns to make a
queen; however there is a difference, because his pawn being separated,
and incapable of support from the other pawns, will be in danger, all
along its passage, of seizure by your pieces. This move, as I observed
before, is difficult to comprehend in all its bearings, and it requires
a proficiency in play, to see the propriety of it.
19.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
20.
B. The bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
W. The knight at his king’s 4th.(m)
(m) It was expedient to play this knight, to stop his king’s pawn: it
concerned you the more to stop this pawn, because in its present state,
it blocks the passage of its own bishop, and even of its knight.
21.
B. King’s rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d square.
W. The queen at her king’s knight’s 2d.
22.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 2d.(n)
W. The knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
23.
B. The queen gives check.
W. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.
24.
B. The rook takes the bishop.(o)
W. The rook takes the rook.
(n) He plays his queen, in order afterwards to give check, but if,
instead of playing her, he had pushed his king’s rook’s pawn, to hinder
the attack of your knight, you must have pushed your queen’s pawn one
square, which would have insured you the game.
(o) He takes the bishop to save his king’s rook’s pawn; besides, the
bishop proves more incommodious to him than all your other pieces, and
by this play he keeps your queen’s rook from moving, after capturing
yours, as it would discover check to the king.
25.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 4th.
W. The queen at her king’s 4th.(p)
26.
B. The queen takes the queen.
W. The knight takes the queen.
27.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
W. The knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
28.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s knight’s 3d.
29.
B. The knight at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
W. The knight at the adverse king’s 3d.
30.
B. The knight takes the knight.
W. The pawn takes the knight.
(p) Having the advantage of a rook against a bishop, towards the end of
a party, you will gain by changing the queen. His queen is troublesome
to you, and might render him effective service could he keep her, but
as you have placed yours, he is forced to exchange, to avoid check-mate.
31.
B. The rook at his king’s bishop’s 3d.
W. King’s rook at his queen’s square.(q)
32.
B. The rook takes the pawn.
W. The king’s rook at the adverse queen’s 2d—wins the game.
(q) You must seize the open files, to bring the rooks into play,
especially at the latter end of the game.
FIRST BACK GAME,
TO THE THIRD PARTY,
_On the Third Move of the Black_.
3.
B. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
B. Queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
5.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th square.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
6.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
7.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
8.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
W. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
9.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
10.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
W. The king castles.
11.
B. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 4th square.
W. The bishop gives check.
12.
B. The bishop covers the check.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
13.
B. The queen takes the bishop.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
14.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
15.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn, passing by.[27]
W. Rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
[27] _Takes the pawn, passing by._ To some readers this will be an
enigma, and to them is offered the solution. It was an institute of
MR. PHILIDOR, that when a pawn has penetrated to the fifth square, of
his own file, which is the fourth on the adversary’s side; adverse
pawns, on adjoining files, not having moved, forfeit the privilege of
going two squares; and if one of them should move two squares, the
advanced pawn may take him, placing himself as if the captured pawn had
moved but one square. This player, celebrated for his skill, was very
anxious to have this rule, and the mode of enforcing it, received into
general practice; but notwithstanding the dazzle of his example, there
seems, in its principle, an unnecessary deviation from system, into
caprice and irregularity. In the appendix, its claims to be a permanent
institute of Chess, are analysed.
16.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d square.
17.
B. The bishop at his king’s 2d.
W. King’s knight at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
18.
B. King’s knight at his own square.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.
19.
B. King’s rook at its 2d square.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
20.
B. Queen at her knight’s 2d square.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
21.
B. King’s bishop at his 3d square.
W. King’s rook takes the pawn.
22.
B. The king castles.
W. King’s rook takes the adverse queen’s knight.
23.
B. The pawn takes the rook.
W. Queen’s rook takes the pawn.
24.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
W. The rook gives check.
25.
B. The king retires.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 2d.
26.
B. The queen at her knight’s 4th.
W. The queen’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
27.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 4th.
W. The queen’s knight at his bishop’s 4th.
28.
B. The queen takes the knight, not knowing an effective
resource for her king.
W. The bishop gives check.
29.
B. The king retires.
W. The knight gives check-mate.
SECOND BACK GAME,
TO THE THIRD PARTY.
_On the Fifth Move of the Black._
5.
B. The king castles.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
6.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
W. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 3d.
7.
B. Queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
W. Queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
8.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
9.
B. The queen at her 3d square.
W. The king’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
10.
B. King’s knight at his king’s square.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
11.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
W. The queen at the adverse king’s rook’s 4th.
12.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
13.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
W. The bishop takes the king’s bishop’s pawn.
14.
B. The king at his rook’s square.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the king’s rook’s pawn.
15.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
W. The queen at her king’s rook’s 4th square—commands
the event of the game.
THIRD BACK GAME,
TO THE THIRD PARTY,
_On the Tenth Move of the Black_.
10.
B. The king castles with the queen’s rook.
W. The king castles with his rook.
11.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d square.
12.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d square.
13.
B. Queen’s rook at his king’s knight’s square.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
14.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
15.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
16.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d square.
17.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
18.
B. The bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
19.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
W. King’s rook at his queen’s knight’s square.
20.
B. King’s rook at his 4th square.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
21.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
22.
B. King’s knight at his king’s square.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
23.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
W. The king’s rook takes the pawn.
24.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
W. King’s rook at his queen’s knight’s 4th.
25.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
W. King’s bishop takes the queen’s rook’s pawn.
26.
B. The pawn takes the bishop.
W. The queen takes the pawn and gives check.
27.
B. The king retires.
W. The queen gives check.
28.
B. The knight covers the check.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
29.
B. The king at his queen’s 2d square.
W. The queen takes the queen’s pawn and gives check.
30.
B. The king retires.
W. The queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square—has so evidently the game
by various modes, that it is unnecessary to proceed.
FOURTH PARTY,
WITH TWO BACK GAMES,
_The First on the Fifth, and the other on the Sixth Move_.
1.
B. King’s pawn 2 squares.
W. The same.
2.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(a)
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
3.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
W. The queen takes the pawn.
4.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(b)
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
(a) Ill play of the adversary in these circumstances; because by
pushing your queen’s pawn two squares, you regain the advantage of the
move.
(b) If, instead of moving the pawn here, he had moved the king’s knight
to the king’s second square, you should have pushed your king’s pawn an
additional square; sustaining it afterwards with your king’s bishop’s
pawn.
5.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.(c)
W. King’s pawn 1 square.(d)
6.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(e)
W. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 2d.
(c) If, instead of pushing this pawn, he had moved his queen’s bishop
to the king’s third, you must have moved your king’s bishop to the
queen’s third, and then the situation of the game would have been
exactly as it is at the sixth move of the Second Party: but if he had
attacked your queen with his queen’s bishop’s pawn, he would have
played very ill, because his queen’s pawn would have been left behind.
_Vide note_ (l) pa. 161.
(d) It is policy to decline changing your king’s pawn for your
adversary’s king’s bishop’s pawn, or your queen’s pawn for his queen’s
bishop’s pawn; on account of the paramount utility of the royal pawns;
occupying the centre, they preclude the adversary from the most
advantageous posts.
(e) If, instead of pushing his queen’s pawn, he had taken your king’s,
you should have taken his queen; his pawn would have been in your
power afterwards; and by preventing him from castling, you would have
kept the attack in your hands; but as he could seat his queen at her
bishop’s second square, that alternative is traced through a second
back game.
7.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
8.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 4th.
9.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
10.
B. The queen at her knight’s 3d.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
11.
B. King’s bishop takes the knight.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.(f)
12.
B. King’s knight at his king’s 2d.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
13.
B. The king castles with his rook.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
(f) When you have two bodies of pawns, with an interval between, and
an opportunity of transferring a pawn from one body to another, by
exchange; the pawn should pass to the larger division, to concentre
them.
14.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 2d square.(g)
W. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
15.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
W. The same.(h)
16.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d square.
17.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
W. The king castles with his queen’s rook.(i)
(g) Having no object for the power of his queen as she stood, he
removes her to make room for his pawns, with an intent to push them
upon you.
(h) The pushing of this pawn, it is confessed, obstructs the game,
by lessening the facility of exchanging; but the power to make an
opening with your king’s rook’s pawn, is still reserved, and it will
be expedient to use it, as soon as your pieces are ready to form and
sustain the attack.
(i) You castle on your queen’s side to acquire more freedom in
attacking on your right. If, instead of castling, you had taken
the pawn exposed, the result would have united in the centre the
adversary’s pawns, and impeded the operation of your pieces.
18.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
W. The bishop takes the pawn.
19.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(k)
20.
B. The knight takes the bishop.
W. The rook takes the knight.
21.
B. The bishop at his king’s bishop’s 2d.(l)
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
22.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.(m)
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s rook’s 3d square.
23.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
(k) Had you taken the knight with your queen’s bishop, you had fallen
into the error, above deprecated, of uniting in the centre the
adversary’s pawns.
(l) He plays this bishop to fill the place of his king’s knight’s pawn,
in case it be taken.
(m) He plays this pawn to attack the knight that covers your king,
having no move that is obviously better; for by taking your pawn he
would be equally subject to lose the game.
24.
B. The bishop at his king’s square.(n)
W. King’s rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
25.
B. The bishop takes the pawn.
W. The rook takes the rook’s pawn.
26.
B. The bishop takes the rook.
W. The king’s rook takes the bishop.
27.
B. The king takes the rook.
W. The queen gives check at her king’s rook’s 4th square.
28.
B. The king at his knight’s square.
W. The queen gives check-mate.(o)
(n) If he takes the pawn with his bishop, he equally loses the game.
(o) It would appear, that if you can succeed in planting round the
retreat of the adverse king two or three pawns, making an approach
for your powerful pieces, by an exchange, the utmost address of the
adversary, after permitting this, cannot accomplish the king’s safety.
FIRST BACK GAME,
TO THE FOURTH PARTY,
_On the Fifth Move of the Black_.
5.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
W. King’s bishop gives check.
6.
B. The bishop covers the check.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
7.
B. The queen takes the bishop.
W. The queen at her 3d square.
8.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d square.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
9.
B. Queen’s knight at the white queen’s knight’s 4th.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
10.
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
11.
B. King’s bishop at his 3d square.
W. Queen’s knight at the black queen’s 4th.
12.
B. The queen’s knight takes the knight.
W. The king’s pawn takes the knight.
13.
B. The knight at his king’s 2d square.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d square.
14.
B. The king castles with his rook.
W. The queen at her 3d square.
15.
B. King’s rook at his king’s square.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d square.
16.
B. The knight at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
17.
B. The knight at the white queen’s 4th.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d square.
18.
B. The knight takes the knight.
W. The king takes the knight.
19.
B. The bishop takes the queen’s knight’s pawn.
W. The queen’s rook attacks the bishop.
20.
B. The bishop retires to his 3d square.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
21.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
W. The same.
22.
B. The bishop at his king’s knight 2d square.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
23.
B. King’s rook at his king’s 2d square.
W. King’s rook at his 4th square.
24.
B. Queen’s rook at his king’s square.
W. The bishop at his queen’s 2d square.
25.
B. King’s rook at the white king’s 4th.
W. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
26.
B. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s rook’s square.
27.
B. The queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
W. The bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
28.
B. The rook gives check.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d square.
29.
B. The rook takes the queen.
W. The king’s rook gives check.
30.
B. The bishop takes the rook.
W. The rook takes the bishop and gives _check-mate_.
VARIATION BY THE EDITOR.
To the State previous to the 28th Move, return the Pieces.
The black king to his knight’s square.
The black bishop to the same knight’s 2d square.
The black rook to the white king’s 4th.
The white queen to her own 3d.
The white rooks one to the 1st, and one to the 4th square
of their king’s rook.
28.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.(a)
W. The queen takes the bishop.
(a) When the king is impeded by his own pieces, it is termed a
_smothered-mate_. As the mate in the back game was partly smothered,
the object of this variation is to prevent a repetition of that, by
timely removes and exchanges.
29.
B. The king’s rook gives check.
W. The queen takes the rook.
30.
B. The rook takes the queen.
W. The king takes the rook.
31.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.
W. King’s rook at the black king’s rook’s square, giving check.
32.
B. The king at his 2d square.
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s square.
33.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 4th.(b)
W. The king at his bishop’s 3d, discovering check.
34.
B. The king at his queen’s 2d.
W. King’s rook at the black king’s square.
35.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
W. Queen’s rook at the black king’s 2d, giving check.
(b) She opens for her king the only passage by which he can escape.
36.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
W. The king’s rook gives check.
37.
B. The king at his queen’s rook’s 4th.
W. The rook takes the pawn, and checks.
38.
B. The king at his queen’s rook’s 3d.
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s 3d.
39.
B. Were the black queen to resign herself for the rook, the present
impending check-mate would be averted in one obvious way; but
that would leave the whites an effective preponderance; she
therefore makes it a _draw game_, by perpetual check.
SECOND BACK GAME,
TO THE FOURTH PARTY,
_On the Sixth Move of the Black_.
6.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 2d square.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
7.
B. The queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
8.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
W. The queen at the black queen’s 4th.
9.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
10.
B. Queen’s knight at the white queen’s knight’s 4th.
W. The queen at her own square.
11.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
12.
B. King’s knight at his king’s 2d square.
W. The king castles.
13.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
W. Queen’s bishop at the black king’s knight’s 4th.
14.
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.
W. Queen’s bishop at the black king’s bishop’s 3d.
15.
B. King’s knight at his own square.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the bishop.
16.
B. The queen takes the bishop.
W. King’s knight at the black king’s knight’s 4th.
17.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
18.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
W. The queen at the black queen’s 4th.
19.
B. Queen’s knight at his king’s 2d.
W. Queen at the black queen’s 3d.
20.
B. Queen’s bishop at his queen’s 2d.
W. The king’s pawn 1 square.
21.
B. Queen’s bishop at his 3d square.
W. Queen’s rook at his queen’s square.
22.
B. King’s knight at the white king’s knight’s 4th.
W. The queen gives check at the black queen’s 2d.
23.
B. The bishop takes the queen.
W. The pawn takes the bishop and gives check.
24.
B. The king at his queen’s square.
W. The knight gives check-mate at the adverse king’s 3d.
=_Philidor’s Gambits_=.
FIRST GAMBIT,
WITH SEVEN BACK GAMES;
_Two on the Fourth Move, One on the Fifth, One on the Sixth,
Two on the Seventh, the last on the Eighth_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
3.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.(a)
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.(b)
(a): Instead of that move, you might have pushed your king’s rook’s
pawn two squares. This will be the subject of a back game.
(b) Instead of playing this bishop, he might have moved his king’s
knight’s pawn one square. A subject for another back game.
5.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.(c)
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(d) ☜
6.
W. The queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen’s pawn 1 square.(e) ☜
(c) By playing this pawn you force him to defend his king’s knight’s
pawn with that of his rook; by drawing out his rook’s pawn, you keep
his king’s knight confined; nor can he then sally without exposing his
pawns to be taken.
(d) He had two other ways of playing; he might push his king’s bishop’s
pawn a square, in which case you sacrifice your knight, in order
afterwards to give check with your queen, which insures you the game;
or, he might push his king’s knight’s pawn a square upon your knight.
The latter is made the subject of a third back game.
(e) If, instead, he had advanced his queen’s bishop’s pawn a square,
you must have played that of your king, in order afterwards to take his
queen’s pawn in passing, in case he was to push it two moves, with a
design to obstruct your king’s bishop. Another subject for a back game.
N. B. You are to observe, that in the attack of Gambits, the king’s
bishop is the best superior piece, and the king’s pawn the
best pawn.
7.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square. ☜
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(f) ☜
8.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d square.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.(g) ☜
9.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.(h)
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
(f) If, instead of moving this pawn, he had played his queen’s bishop
either to his king’s third square, or to your king’s knight’s fourth
square, he might have been made to lose two different ways. Both
experiments are traced to their consequences, in two back games,
beginning at this seventh move.
(g) He may now without danger play his bishop on this square, as your
queen can no more double with your king’s bishop by attacking two of
his pawns; but if, instead of moving this bishop so, he had moved him
to his king’s third square, he would have lost the game. The result of
such play is seen in the last back game.
(h) It is very material in the attack of Gambits, not to spare your
pawns on the king’s side, and even to sacrifice them all, if it be
requisite, though merely for the sake of the adversary’s king’s pawn,
because that pawn hinders your queen’s bishop from coming into play,
and co-operating with the pieces that form your attack.
10.
W. The King’s rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
11.
W. The rook takes the rook.
B. The bishop takes the rook.
12.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the king’s knight’s pawn.
B. The king’s bishop at his 3d square.(i)
13.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the bishop.
14.
W. The queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. The same.
15.
W. The king castles.
B. The same.
16.
W. The rook at his king’s knight’s square.
B. The queen at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
(i) If, instead of exposing this bishop, he had taken yours with his
queen, or had taken your knight with his queen’s bishop, he would have
lost the game.
17.
W. The queen at her king’s knight’s 2d.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
18.
W. The queen takes the pawn.
B. The queen takes the queen.
19.
W. The rook takes the queen.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
20.
W. The king’s bishop takes the knight.
B. The queen’s bishop takes the knight.
21.
W. The queen’s knight takes the bishop.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
22.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The rook at his king’s bishop’s square.
23.
W. The rook takes the pawn.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
24.
W. The king at his queen’s 2d.(k)
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
(k) If you had pushed your queen’s bishop’s pawn, you would have lost
the game; because your adversary by pushing his queen’s bishop’s pawn,
would have forced you to remove your queen’s pawn, to take it, and have
afterwards attacked at once your rook and your bishop with his knight.
25.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s rook’s 4th.
B. The rook takes the rook.
26.
W. The bishop takes the rook.(l)
(l) From the manner in which the two parties are balanced, as to
position, and the number of pieces, it is evident that it is become a
draw game, unless some very great error is committed. This game shews,
that a Gambit equally well attacked and defended, will not be decisive
on either side; it is true that he who gives the pawn has the pleasure
of uniformly attacking, and a prospect of winning, which would be
realized, if he on the defensive did not maintain the most undeviating
good play for the first ten or twelve moves.
STRICTURE BY THE EDITOR.
At the 17th move, there is an oversight in each player, one giving, and
one overlooking a material advantage. Though one white knight, at the
first view, seems protected by the other, the king’s knight is exposed
to the bishop, on account of the ambuscaded action of the queen upon
the king. Were the bishop to take, as he should, a train of involved
movements might arise. The plain course, suggested by the position,
would be best for the white player, though it leave the rival party the
majority of a knight.
FIRST BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST GAMBIT,
_On the Fourth Move of the White_.
4.
W. The king’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The king’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
5.
W. The king’s knight at the adversary’s king’s 4th.
B. The king’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
6.
W. The king’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king’s rook at its 2d square.
7.
W. The queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen’s pawn 1 square.
8.
W. The queen’s knight at his queen’s 3d.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d square.
9.
W. The queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The king’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
10.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. The king’s pawn 1 square
11.
W. The king’s knight’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king’s knight’s pawn takes the pawn.
12.
W. The queen takes the pawn.
B. The queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
13.
W. The queen at her king’s 3d square.
B. The king’s bishop at his rook’s 3d.
14.
W. The king’s knight at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
15.
W. The queen’s bishop at his queen’s 2d.
B. The king’s bishop takes the knight.
16.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
B. The queen’s pawn 1 square.
17.
W. The king’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. The king’s knight takes the king’s pawn.
18.
W. The knight or the bishop takes the knight.
B. The king’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
SECOND BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST GAMBIT,
_On the Fourth Move of the Black_.
4.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
5.
W. King’s knight at the adversary’s king’s 4th.
B. The queen gives check.
6.
W. The king at his bishop’s square.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
7.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
8.
W. King’s knight at his queen’s 3d.
B. King’s pawn 1 square.
9.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen gives check.
10.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. The queen gives check.
11.
W. The king at his 3d square.
B. King’s knight at his own square.
12.
W. King’s knight at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. King’s bishop at his rook 3d.
13.
W. King’s bishop at his own square, attacking the queen.
B. The queen takes the rook.
14.
W. The king’s bishop gives check, and the queen is lost.
THIRD BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST GAMBIT,
_On the Fifth Move of the Black_.
5.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
6.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
7.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
8.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the gambit pawn.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
9.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
10.
W. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. King’s knight at his own square.
11.
W. The queen at her knight’s 3d.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
12.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. The queen at her queen’s bishop’s square.
13.
W. The king castles with his rook.
B. Loses the game.
On a review of the board where the gambit ceased, the white pieces
appear very judiciously placed.
FOURTH BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST GAMBIT,
_On the Sixth Move of the Black_.
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
7.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
8.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
9.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
10.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop at his rook’s 3d.
11.
W. The queen’s knight at his king’s 4th square.
B. The queen at her knight’s 3d square, or any where.[28]
12.
W. The knight gives check at the adverse queen’s 3d square.
[28] PHILIDOR surrenders the position of the blacks as desperate; but
it would appear, that if the queen wait to move to more advantage, the
king’s bishop resuming his square; after the exchange of the bishop for
the knight, if the white knight chuse to check, they would be fortified
at every point.
FIFTH BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST GAMBIT,
_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.
7.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
8.
W. The queen at her knight’s 3d square.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s rook’s 4th.
9.
W. The king’s rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
10.
W. The rook takes the bishop.
B. The rook takes the rook.
11.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn, giving check to the king
and rook; wins the latter powerful piece, and consequently
the game.
SIXTH BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST GAMBIT.
_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.
7.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d square.
8.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The pawn takes the bishop.
9.
W. The queen at her knight’s 3d.
B. The queen at her bishop’s square, to defend the 2 pawns.
10.
W. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
11.
W. The rook takes the rook.
B. The bishop takes the rook.
12.
W. The king’s knight takes the pawn.
B. The king at his 2d square.
13.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the pawn.
B. The queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
14.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
15.
W. The king castles.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
16.
W. The rook at his king’s rook’s square.
B. The king’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
17.
W. The rook takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the rook.
18.
W. The queen takes the king’s pawn and gives check.
B. The king retires where he pleases, the game is lost.
VARIATION on the 16th Move.
Return the black king’s knight to his square, the black queen to her
bishop’s first, the black bishop to his rook’s square, the black
pawn to his king’s third, the white queen to her knight’s third, the
white rook to its king’s rook’s square—and the resources of the black
player will be found not exhausted. AS SCIPIO saved ROME by attacking
CARTHAGE; so a counter stroke in Chess, is often the best defence.
Instead of regarding the assault of the white rook on the bishop, which
is to draw the black queen, by an exchange, from the square where she
supports the king’s pawn; at the countermove, let the black player
assail the white queen with his rook’s pawn; when he has obliged her
to quit a square from which she has an aspect on his king’s pawn, he
may protect his bishop, by moving his knight, and the party will not be
circumvented, as a necessary consequence of the preceding moves. The
white queen may not retire, but persevere in taking the king’s pawn,
though defeated in her design of removing the rival queen; the train of
changes to which this will lead, will leave the white party a majority
of two pawns, added to the difference between a knight and a bishop; as
one of the pawns will stand alone, and the black pieces will be well
disposed for manœuvring, this superiority cannot be considered decisive.
SEVENTH BACK GAME,
TO THE FIRST GAMBIT,
_On the Eighth Move of the Black_.
8.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
9.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The pawn takes the bishop.
10.
W. The king’s pawn 1 move.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
11.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
12.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The same.
13.
W. The knight’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
14.
W. The queen takes the pawn.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
15.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. The king castles.
16.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
17.
W. Queen’s knight at his king’s 4th.
B. Queen’s knight at his 3d square.
18.
W. The bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 3d.
19.
W. The bishop at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 2d.
20.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The king’s bishop at his own square.
21.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
22.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
23.
W. The knight gives check.
B. The king retires.
24.
W. Queen’s rook at its knight’s own square.
B. The queen’s knight takes the pawn.
25.
W. The knight takes the queen’s knight’s pawn.
B. The knight takes the knight.
26.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king at his queen’s rook’s square.
27.
W. The rook takes the knight.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 1st square.
28.
W. The king’s rook at its 2d square.
B. The queen’s rook at its queen’s 2d square.
29.
W. The king’s rook at its queen’s knight’s 2d square.
B. The king’s rook at its 2d square.
30.
W. The queen takes the adverse queen’s bishop’s pawn,
and wins the game.
The science of PHILIDOR has kept the balance critically suspended to
the last.
SECOND GAMBIT,
WITH FIVE BACK GAMES:
_The First on the Third Move, the Second and Third on the Fourth, the
Fourth on the Ninth, and the Fifth on the Eleventh Move of the Black_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
3.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The queen gives check.(a) ☜
4.
W. The king at his bishop’s square.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.(b) ☜
(a) A better way of playing at this move, would be to advance your
king’s bishop’s pawn two squares; as you will see by a back game.
(b) There are two other ways of playing in this place; the one, playing
the king’s bishop to the queen’s bishop’s fourth square; the other,
pushing the pawn of the queen a square; which will make the subject of
two back games.
5.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The queen at her king’s rook’s 4th.(c)
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
7.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(d ☜)
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
(c) He might have removed his queen to one of two other squares, but
this is the best; for had he made her retire to your king’s knight’s
fourth, you might have taken his king’s bishop’s pawn, by first
attacking her, and then giving check, and perhaps afterwards have
forced his queen; and if he had carried her to his king’s rook’s third
square, you could have attacked his king’s bishop’s pawn with your
king’s knight, which would entirely have decided the game in your
favour.
(d) It is essential in the gambits to play this pawn, that you may
afterwards be able to place your queen at her knight’s third square,
by so doing you strengthen your position and perplex your adversary,
especially if he has played his queen’s bishop, without attacking one
of your pieces. See, respecting this, the fifth and sixth back games of
the first gambit.
8.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.(e) ☜
9.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
10.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
11.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the queen.(f) ☜
12.
W. The king takes the queen.(g)
B. The pawn gives check.
(e) If, instead, he take your king’s knight, with his bishop; a third
back game will shew you how to act.
(f) If, instead of taking your queen, he had given check, a fourth back
game will shew you the course to make him lose the game.
(g) I have given it as a general rule, always to unite your pawns,
and bring them into the centre. Here is, however, an exception for
two reasons; first, if you take with your king you gain a pawn, your
adversary not being able to prevent it; secondly, the queens having
been exchanged, your king has nothing to fear, and by bringing him into
play, he may be as useful as any other piece.
13.
W. The king takes the other pawn.
B. The king’s bishop gives check at his rook’s 3d.
14.
W. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.(h)
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
15.
W. The rook takes the bishop.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
16.
W. The knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. The king at his own 2d.
17.
W. King’s rook at its king’s bishop’s square.(i)
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(k)
(h) Your king would not be safe on that square, if your adversary had
a bishop running white to drive him from the post; but, as it is, your
king sustains all your pawns.
(i) You might have played this rook to your king’s square; but in this
case your queen’s rook would have been rendered almost useless; it is
better therefore to retard your attack, and get all your pieces into
action.
(k) He prepares to push his queen’s pawn a square, to break your
centre; but you must prevent it, by putting him under the necessity of
defending himself.
18.
W. Queen’s rook at its king’s square.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.(l)
19.
W. The bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
20.
W. The king’s pawn 1 square.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
21.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s 4th.
22.
W. The knight at his king’s 4th.(m)
B. Queen’s knight at his own 3d.
23.
W. The knight at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s rook at its queen’s square.(n)
(l) He endeavours to attack you on your left, and make an opening for
his rooks.
(m) You would have played wrong had you taken his knight with your
bishop, because by taking your bishop with his pawn, that pawn would
obstruct the passage of your knight; it was therefore necessary to play
this knight first, in order to have no useless piece.
(n) If he had taken your knight, you must have taken his knight with
the pawn, and afterwards attacked his king’s bishop’s pawn, by playing
your queen’s rook to the adverse king’s second square.
24.
W. The king’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s rook at its queen’s 3d.(o)
25.
W. The pawn takes the pawn and gives check from the rook.
B. The king takes the pawn.
26.
W. The king at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
B. The king at his knight’s 2d.
27.
W. The knight takes the rook’s pawn and gives check.
B. The king at his rook’s 2d.
28.
W. The king’s rook gives check.
B. The king at his knight’s square.
(o) If, instead of playing the rook, he had taken your pawn, you would
have won the game in a few moves, because he would have lost his
queen’s bishop’s pawn; so, if he had taken your knight with his own,
you would have taken his pawn with yours, giving check by discovery.
29.
W. The king’s rook at the adverse queen’s knight’s 2d square.
B. The queen’s rook at his queen’s square.(p)
30.
W. The bishop takes the adverse queen’s knight, and wins the game.
(p) If he had played his king instead of his queen’s rook, you might
have given check with your queen’s rook, and taken that of his king.
It must be observed here, that what has decided the game in favour of
the white, is, that the king, having been in a situation, to enter
the field with safety, which rarely happens, has been as instrumental
to victory, as the best of his pieces. CHARLES XII. of Sweden was
observed, very characteristically, to move the king more than any other
piece; but this conduct is seldom to be imitated, on account of the
ruin which involves the whole community of pieces, if the king meet
with a disaster.
VARIATION.
At the 28th move, let the bishop check, instead of the rook; and
the check-mate will be effected, almost at the instant, without
circumevolution, or difficulty.
FIRST BACK GAME,
TO THE SECOND GAMBIT,
_On the Third Move of the Black_.
3.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
4.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.(a)
B. The queen gives check.
5.
W. The king at his bishop’s square.
B. King’s pawn 1 square.(b)
6.
W. The bishop takes the knight.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn and gives check.(c)
(a) I make the white pawn take that pawn, to shew that it must cause
the loss of the game; the best move in this puzzling situation, would
have been to play your queen to your king’s second square.
(b) He exposes your king’s bishop to be taken by his queen.
(c) So situated he cannot chuse but win.
7.
W. The king takes the pawn.
B. The king’s rook takes the bishop and wins the game.
PHILIDOR does not seem to think this worth pursuing.
SECOND BACK GAME,
TO THE SECOND GAMBIT,
_On the Fourth Move of the Black_.
4.
W. The king at his bishop’s square.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
5.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
6.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The queen at the white king’s knight’s 4th.
7.
W. The king’s bishop takes the king’s bishop’s pawn and gives check.
B. The king at his bishop’s square, because if he takes the bishop
he loses his queen.(a)
8.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen at the white king’s knight’s 3d.
(a) By the check of the knight.
9.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The king takes the bishop.
10.
W. Queen’s knight at his king’s 2d.
B. The queen at her king’s knight’s 3d.
11.
W. The king’s knight gives check to the king and queen,
and wins the game.
The white player’s suffering his bishop to be taken, to get so good a
compensation for him, has something very ingenious in it.
THIRD BACK GAME,
TO THE SECOND GAMBIT,
_On the Fourth Move of the Black_.
4.
W. The king at his bishop’s square.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
5.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop at the white king’s knight’s 4th.
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
7.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The queen at her king’s rook’s 4th.
8.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
9.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
10.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. The queen at her king’s knight’s 3d.
11.
W. The rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The queen takes the pawn.
12.
W. The knight at his king’s 2d.
B. The queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
13.
W. The knight takes the pawn.
B. The queen at her own square.
14.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s knight at his 3d square.
15.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. The queen at her own 2d.
16.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. The king castles.
17.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.
18.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s square.
19.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
20.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
21.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
22.
W. The queen at her knight’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
23.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 2d.
24.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.
25.
W. King’s bishop at the black queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s 2d.[29]
26.
W. The knight at his queen’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his king’s 4th.
[29] Q. Would it not be better to put the _queen’s_ knight at his
_king’s_ second square, because that would force away the white bishop;
and the black king’s bishop might then take the pawn guarded by the
queen, as a gratuitous capture?
27.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
28.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. The bishop at his king’s knight’s 2d.
29.
W. Queen’s bishop at his queen’s 4th.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
30.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
31.
W. The king at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s rook at his king’s knight’s square.
32.
W. Queen’s rook at his queen’s bishop’s square.
B. Queen’s rook at his king’s knight’s 3d square.
33.
W. The bishop at the black queen’s knight’s 2d.
B. King’s rook at his knight’s square.
34.
W. The rook takes the knight.
B. The rook takes the rook.
35.
W. The bishop takes the rook.
B. The king takes the bishop.
36.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.
37.
W. The queen at her bishop’s 4th.
B. The queen at her own 2d.
38.
W. The king’s bishop’s pawn 1 square, to prevent the queen’s check.
B. The rook at its king’s knight’s square.
39.
W. The queen at the black queen’s bishop’s 3d.(a)
B. The queen takes the queen.
40.
W. The pawn takes the queen.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
41.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
(a) This is highly tactical, because one of the white pawns is doubled,
and this will extend them on the four centre files;—for the black queen
_must_ exchange.
42.
W. The rook at his king’s rook’s square.
B. The same.
43.
W. The rook at his king’s knight’s square.
B. The rook at his 2d square.
44.
W. The rook at the black king’s knight’s square.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
45.
W. The rook at the black queen’s rook’s square.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
46.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
47.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at the queen’s square.
48.
W. The king’s pawn 1 square.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
49.
W. The queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s square.
50.
W. The pawn gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s square.
51.
W. The rook gives check, the king removes, the pawn is queened,
and wins the game.
FOURTH BACK GAME,
TO THE SECOND GAMBIT,
_On the Ninth Move of the Black_.
9.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
10.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the queen.
11.
W. The pawn takes the queen.
B. King’s bishop at his knight’s 2d.
12.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
13.
W. King’s rook at his knight’s square.
B. King’s knight at his rook’s 2d.
14.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the gambit pawn.
B. The king’s bishop takes the queen’s pawn and gives check.
15.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. The pawn takes the bishop.
16.
W. King’s rook at the black king’s knight’s 2d.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
17.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The queen’s knight takes the pawn.
18.
W. The bishop takes the pawn and gives check.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.
19.
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s knight’s square.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
20.
W. The bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. Queen’s rook at his queen’s square.
21.
W. The king’s rook gives check at the black king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The king at his own square.
22.
W. Queen’s rook at the black king’s knight’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s square.
23.
W. The knight at the adverse queen’s 4th square—the whites
_must_ win the game.
THE EDITOR must however confess, that if the queen’s rook, at the
countermove, return to its square; he does not know how to press the
white pieces upon the black king, so that he shall not elude the mate.
If any other piece than the black rook move, there will be an immediate
smothered-mate. If the rook move to any square short of his own, the
defeat of the king will be retarded, in proportion to the area which is
left him.
FIFTH BACK GAME,
TO THE SECOND GAMBIT,
_On the Eleventh Move of the Black_.
11.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
B. The knight gives check at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
12.
W. The king at his knight’s square.
B. The king knight’s pawn takes the pawn.
13.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the pawn.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
14.
W. The knight at his queen’s rook’s 3d.
B. The queen takes the queen.
15.
W. The pawn takes the queen.
B. The king’s knight at his rook’s 4th.
16.
W. The king’s rook takes the pawn.
B. The king’s knight takes the bishop.
17.
W. The rook takes the knight.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
18.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. The king castles.
19.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s 3d.
B. The bishop at his king’s 2d.
20.
W. Queen’s rook at its king’s rook’s square.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.
21.
W. The bishop takes the knight.
B. The rook takes the bishop.
22.
W. Queen’s rook at the adverse king’s rook’s 3d.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
23.
W. King’s rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The bishop at his queen’s square.
24.
W. King’s rook at the adverse king’s rook’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s 2d.
25.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
26.
W. The king’s bishop’s pawn 1 square, and wins the game.
THIRD GAMBIT,
WITH THREE BACK GAMES:
_The First on the Second, the Second on the Third,
and the Third on the Eleventh Move of the Black_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(a) ☜
3.
W. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The queen takes the pawn.(b) ☜
(a) If he had pushed this pawn but one square, it would have entirely
changed the game; therefore, I make it the subject of a back game.
N. B. It is the best way of playing it, in order to avoid
the snares of your adversary in the Gambit, when you
receive the advantage of a piece.
(b) He might take your king’s bishop’s pawn with his king’s pawn; the
basis of a material change, and the subject of a back game.
4.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The queen takes the pawn and gives check.
5.
W. The bishop covers the check.(c)
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
6.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
7.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
8.
W. The king castles.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
9.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
10.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
(c) So situated, the game must appear equal: but on a minute balance
the advantage is in your scale, because on your left wing you have four
connected pawns, whilst your adversary’s pawns are in divisions of
three and three, and all separated from the centre.
11.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. The king castles with his rook.(d) ☜
12.
W. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.(e)
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
13.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s rook’s 4th.
B. The queen at her own square.
14.
W. Queen’s knight at his king’s 4th.(f)
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
(d) It was indifferent to him whether he castled on the king’s or on
the queen’s side. After the manœuvre of castling, I have already given
a general rule for impelling your pawns, against his covering pawns;
however, for illustration, I shall give a back game on that duplicate
move.
(e) This would have been wrong had he not castled on his king’s side,
because by pushing his king’s rook’s pawn, he had forced your bishop to
retire; but, at present, it is your interest to excite him to push the
pawns that cover his king, to prepare a breach for the attack.
(f) If he had not removed his queen, to replace her with the king’s
bishop, the play of this knight would have perplexed his game.
15.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 2d.(g)
16.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The knight takes the knight.
17.
W. The bishop takes the knight.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
18.
W. The queen at her king’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
19.
W. The knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The bishop takes the knight.(h)
(g) If, instead of playing his queen, he had taken your knight, you
must have taken his knight with your queen; forcing him to derange
his pieces, by manœuvering to save the mate, with which he would be
threatened.
(h) If, instead of taking, he had withdrawn his bishop, you would then
have taken his king’s knight’s pawn with your knight, and that would
have given you the game.
20.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. Queen’s rook at his queen’s square.(i)
21.
W. King’s rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The queen at her 2d square.(k)
22.
W. The king’s rook takes the king’s knight’s pawn, and gives check.
B. The pawn takes the rook.
23.
W. The queen takes the pawn, and gives check.
B. The king at his rook’s square.(l)
(i) If he had attacked your queen with his bishop, instead of playing
his rook, you would have taken his bishop with your king’s rook; this,
by making an opening upon his king, would have given you an easier
attack.
(k) If he had not played his queen to this square, you must have taken
his bishop with your rook, and that would have secured the game.
(l) If, instead of withdrawing his king, he had covered him with his
queen, you must have taken his bishop, giving him check; and you would
have been left on the right wing with two pawns and a bishop against a
rook only, added to a good attack, which, improved, would be sufficient
to win the game; but, as he has played his king instead of his queen,
you cannot do better than make an end of the party by a drawn game,
with a perpetual check.
24.
W. The queen takes the pawn, and gives a perpetual check.
FIRST BACK GAME,
TO THE THIRD GAMBIT,
_On the Second Move of the Black_.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
3.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
4.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
5.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
6.
W. The queen takes the bishop.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
7.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 4th.
8.
W. The king’s bishop gives check at the adverse
queen’s knight’s 4th.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
9.
W. The bishop at his queen’s rook’s 4th.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
10.
W. The bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 2d square.
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
11.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king’s pawn takes the queen’s pawn.
12.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king castles.
13.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. Queen’s knight at the white queen’s bishop’s 4th.
14.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. The queen’s knight takes the pawn.
15.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen’s knight returns to the white queen’s bishop’s 4th.
16.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The pawn takes the knight.
17.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The knight at his queen’s 2d.
18.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen gives check.
19.
W. The king at his queen’s square.
B. The queen at the white queen’s rook’s 3d.
20.
W. Queen’s rook at his bishop’s square.
B. The queen takes the queen’s rook’s pawn.
21.
W. The queen at the black king’s rook’s 4th.
B. Queen’s rook at his knight’s square.
22.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
23.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. Queen’s rook at the white queen’s knight’s 2d.
24.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
25.
W. The king’s rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king’s bishop’s pawn takes the pawn.
26.
W. The king’s rook takes the pawn.
B. The king takes the rook.
27.
W. The queen gives check at the adverse king’s rook’s 4th.
B. The king where he can.
28.
W. The queen taking the pawn gives check—makes the following move.
SECOND BACK GAME,
TO THE THIRD GAMBIT,
_On the Third Move of the Black_.
3.
W. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The king’s pawn takes the pawn.
4.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. The queen takes the pawn.
5.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen gives check at the adverse king’s 4th.
6.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
7.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. The queen at her bishop’s 3d.
8.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the pawn.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
9.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.
B. The queen at her own 2d.
10.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
11.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
12.
W. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king castles.
13.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
14.
W. King’s knight at the black king’s 4th.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
15.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. King’s knight at his king’s square.
16.
W. Queen’s rook at his queen’s square.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
17.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
18.
W. The queen at the black king’s rook’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
19.
W. The queen at the adverse king’s rook’s 3d.
B. The queen gives check.
20.
W. The king at his knight’s 3d.
B. The queen’s knight takes the king’s pawn.
21.
W. The knight at his king’s 4th.
B. The queen at the adverse queen’s 4th.
22.
W. The knight gives check at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The knight takes the knight.
23.
W. The pawn takes the knight.
B. The game is lost, the mate being forced.[30]
[30] A _forced-mate_ is a mate, which, though a few desperate
sacrifices might protract it, is inevitable.
THIRD BACK GAME,
TO THE THIRD GAMBIT,
_On the Eleventh Move of the Black_.
11.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. The king castles on his queen’s side.
12.
W. King’s rook at his king’s square.
B. The queen retires to her king’s bishop’s square.
13.
W. The queen at her rook’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.
14.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
15.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
16.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
17.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. Queen’s rook at his bishop’s square.
18.
W. The knight at the adverse queen’s knight’s 4th.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
19.
W. The knight takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the knight.
20.
W. Queen’s rook at his knight’s square.
B. Queen’s knight at his king’s 4th.
21.
W. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
22.
W. The queen at the adverse queen’s rook’s 4th.
B. The queen gives check at her king’s knight’s 3d.
23.
W. The king at his rook’s square.
B. The queen returns to her 3d square.
24.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The knight takes the pawn.
25.
W. Queen’s rook at the adverse queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s square.
26.
W. King’s rook at his queen’s knight’s square.
B. The knight from his king’s 4th to his queen’s 2d.
27.
W. The queen’s rook takes the rook’s pawn.
B. The knight takes the rook.
28.
W. The queen takes the knight.
B. The queen’s rook at his bishop’s 2d.
29.
W. The queen’s pawn 1 square, and wins the game.
If, at the 28th move, the king, instead of the rook, be placed at the
bishop’s second, the game may be protracted, though the mate cannot
be finally eluded.—The practice of forbearing to involve the king in
the conflicts of the field, is a necessary part of good play; but a
mechanical habit of leaving him inactive, without reflecting whether
a sally would or would not promote his defence, must be kept from
insinuating into the player’s manner.
=_The Cunningham Gambit_=,
WITH TWO BACK GAMES:
_One on the Seventh Move of the Black,
and One on the Eleventh of the White_.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
3.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
4.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king’s bishop gives check.
5.
W. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
6.
W. The king castles.
B. The pawn takes the pawn and gives check.
7.
W. The king at his rook’s square.
B. King’s bishop at his 3d square.(a) ☜
8.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.(b)
9.
W. The pawn takes the bishop.
B. The knight takes the pawn.
10.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
(a) If, instead of playing this bishop to his third square, he had
played him to his king’s second square, you would have won the game in
a few moves, as will be seen by a back game.
PHILIDOR.
But if the stricture on the tenth move of that back game be correct,
no _previous_ move involves a necessity for the speedy mate which the
black king suffers.
EDITOR.
(b) If he did not sacrifice his bishop, you would certainly win the
game; but losing _that_ for three pawns, he must conquer by the
superiority of his pawns, provided he is not too hasty in pushing them
before he has got out all his pieces.
11.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(c) ☜
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(d)
12.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
13.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the pawn close to his king.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
14.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.(e)
(c) By pushing this pawn two squares you had given his knight a free
entry into your game, which would have lost you the party. The subject
of a back game.
(d) This move is of great consequence to him for ensuring the party,
because it hinders you from attacking his king’s knight with your
queen’s bishop, to effect afterwards a separation of his pawns, by
sacrificing a rook for one of his knights, and this would have turned
the game in your favour.
(e) He plays this knight to take your queen’s bishop, who would be
troublesome to him, were he to castle on his queen’s side. Here we
may observe, as a general rule, that when a player has advanced
pawns, it becomes policy to commence a distinct hostility against the
bishops, because they can menace the pawns, and block their way, more
effectually than any other piece.
15.
W. The queen at her king’s 2d.(f)
B. The knight takes the bishop.
16.
W. The queen takes the knight.
B. The queen at her knight’s square.(g)
17.
W. The queen takes the queen.(h)
B. The rook takes the queen.
18.
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s square.
B. The king at his queen’s 2d.
(f) Knowing no expedient way to save your bishop, you play your queen
to replace him; for if you had seated him at your king’s bishop’s
fourth, to hinder the check of his knight, he would have pushed his
king’s knight’s pawn upon the bishop, and made you lose the game
immediately.
(g) He offers to exchange queens to break the direction of yours, so
that he may place his queen at her third square, in case you refuse to
take her.
(h) If you did not take the queen, your situation would be still worse.
19.
W. The king’s knight gives check.
B. The knight takes the knight.
20.
W. The rook takes the knight.
B. The king at his queen’s 3d.
21.
W. King’s rook at his king’s square.
B. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
22.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s rook at his king’s square.
23.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
24.
W. The knight at his king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
25.
W. The king at his knight’s 2d.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.(i)
26.
W. Queen’s rook at his king’s 2d.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
(i) If he had pushed this pawn two squares you had gained his queen’s
pawn, which would have improved your game.
27.
W. The queen’s rook’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
28.
W. King’s rook at his queen’s rook’s square.
B. Queen’s rook at his own square.(k)
29.
W. King’s rook returns to his king’s square.
B. The bishop at his queen’s 2d.
30.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
31.
W. The bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.(l)
(k) You must never resign the passages, nor suffer the opponent to
double his rooks; accordingly, rather than suffer this, he proposes to
change piece for piece.
(l) He plays this in order afterwards to push his king’s knight’s pawn
upon your knight, to force him from his position; but if he had pushed
his knight’s pawn before playing this, your knight, vaulting to your
king’s rook’s fourth, would have stopped the progress of all his pawns.
32.
W. King’s rook at his own square.
B. King’s rook at his 4th square.(m)
33.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s rook at his king’s rook’s square.
34.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
35.
W. The knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. King’s rook at his king’s knight’s 4th.
36.
W. King’s rook at his king’s bishop’s square.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
37.
W. The rook takes the pawn, and gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.
38.
W. King’s rook at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.
B. The pawn gives check.
(m) Had he given check with his rook’s pawn, instead of playing this,
he would have acted contrary to the instruction given in the first
party. _Vide note (x)._
39.
W. The king at his knight’s square.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
40.
W. The rook takes the rook.
B. The pawn gives check.
41.
W. The king takes the knight’s pawn.
B. The rook’s pawn makes a queen, and gives check.
42.
W. The king at his bishop’s 2d.
B. The rook gives check at his king’s bishop’s square.
43.
W. The king at his 3d square.
B. The queen gives check at the adverse king’s rook’s 3d.
44.
W. The knight covers the check.
B. The queen takes the knight, and gives mate in a few moves.
The black pawns are conducted in a masterly manner on each wing, so as
to lay a foundation for a beneficial result; but the halting march of
the white pawn, which consumes the 33d and 34th moves of the white,
seems to be a waste of a move at a critical period.
FIRST BACK GAME,
TO THE CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT,
_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.
7.
W. The king at his rook’s square.
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
8.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn and gives check.
B. The king takes the bishop.
9.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th square,
giving double check.
B. The king at his 3d square; any where, he is liable
to lose the queen.
10.
W. The queen gives check at her king’s knight’s 4th.(a)
B. The king takes the knight.
11.
W. The queen gives check at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s 3d.
(a) You waive the capture of the queen, to seize the opportunity of
forcing a mate.
12.
W. The queen gives check-mate at the adverse queen’s 4th.
STRICTURE, and OUTLINES of a VARIATION.
The station assigned to the bishop at the 7th move, is as injudicious
as the advantage taken of it is brilliant;—nevertheless there is no
critical necessity for the mate being so precipitate. The king, at the
10th move, should refuse taking the knight. This creates him chances
of escape, and leaves the hostile party but one mode of effecting
any thing decisive. The knight, adopting that mode, at the following
move, assaults both king and queen. The difficulty and embarrassment
of the black pieces will then appear. The king, in protracting the
struggle, exposes to dispersion and destruction his left wing. Equal
play, exerted so long after a critical stroke, cannot retrieve the
step on which the interest of this back game turns: but equal play
may prevent the sudden extinction of manœuvring; and the practice of
the best defence in situations of which various points are open to
the enemy, imparts a facility at resource. It is not necessary to
be circumstantial, in marking the conduct of the variation. Other
expedients present themselves to retard defeat, the turns of which
the reader may explore: but as the EDITOR finds already one variation
on this back game, he declines multiplying ingraftments of a branch
upon a branch, lest the principle of the gambit should be lost in its
ramifications, and the attention diverted from the leading effect.
SEQUEL
TO THE FIRST BACK GAME;
_Shewing how to accomplish a Mate, if the King refuse to
take the Bishop_.
8.
W. The king’s bishop takes the pawn, and gives check.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.
9.
W. The king’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
10.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. The queen at her king’s square.
11.
W. King’s knight at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The rook at his king’s knight’s square.
12.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
13.
W. The pawn takes the knight.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
14.
W. The bishop takes the pawn.
B. Queen’s bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
15.
W. The queen at her king’s square.
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s rook’s 4th.
16.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
17.
W. The queen’s bishop gives check.
B. The rook covers the check.
18.
W. The knight at his king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The bishop takes the bishop.
19.
W. The knight takes the bishop.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 2d.
20.
W. The knight takes the bishop.
B. The queen takes the knight.
21.
W. The queen takes the queen.
B. The king takes the queen.
22.
W. The bishop takes the rook; and wins the game.
SECOND BACK GAME,
TO THE CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT,
_On the Eleventh Move of the White_.
11.
W. The queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
12.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
13.
W. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
14.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
15.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
16.
W. Queen’s rook at his bishop’s square.
B. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
17.
W. The knight takes the knight.
B. The king’s bishop’s pawn takes the knight.
18.
W. The knight takes the pawn close to his king.
B. The king castles with his rook.
19.
W. The queen at her 2d square.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
20.
W. Queen’s rook at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. Queen’s rook at his queen’s square.
21.
W. King’s bishop at his queen’s rook’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
22.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. The rook takes the rook.
23.
W. The knight takes the rook.
B. The queen at her 3d square.
24.
W. The queen at her king’s rook’s 2d.
B. The king at his knight’s 2d.
25.
W. The queen takes the queen.
B. The rook takes the queen.
26.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. The king at his knight’s 3d.
27.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 2 squares.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
28.
W. Queen’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
B. The knight at his king’s 2d.
29.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The rook at his queen’s 2d.
30.
W. The rook takes the rook.
B. The bishop takes the rook.
31.
W. The king at his knight’s 2d.
B. King’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
32.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The king at his rook’s 4th.
33.
W. The king’s bishop gives check.
B. The bishop covers the check.
34.
W. The bishop takes the bishop.
B. The king takes the bishop.
35.
W. The knight gives check at his king’s 3d.
B. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
36.
W. The king at his rook’s 3d square.
B. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
37.
W. The knight at his king’s knight’s 4th.
B. The knight at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
38.
W. The bishop at his king’s knight’s square.
B. King’s pawn 1 square.
39.
W. Queen’s rook’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s pawn 1 square.
40.
W. The bishop at his king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The knight takes the queen’s pawn, and wins the party.
During the latter part of this game, the whites had the majority of
a bishop; the blacks that of three pawns: the aid derivable from the
bishop could not countervail the manœuvring of three pawns.
COMPENDIUM of the CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT.
From all the preceding forms of this gambit it appears, that on the
system of action and counteraction there pursued, the blacks must win,
if they do not at the seventh move withdraw the bishop to the king’s
second; and that therefore, on the part of the white pieces, it is
expedient to change the mode of operation previous to that move. When
the black bishop checks, at the fourth countermove, no eventual good
is obtained by covering with the pawn. CUNNINGHAM shews that the step
below is an effective substitution.
1.
W. The king’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
3.
W. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s bishop at his king’s 2d.
4.
W. The king’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The bishop gives check.
5.
W. The king at his bishop’s square.(a)
B. Queen’s pawn 1 square.
6.
W. Queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The queen at her king’s bishop’s 3d.
7.
W. King’s pawn 1 square.
B. The queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
8.
W. The queen’s pawn takes the pawn.
B. The queen at her king’s 2d.
9.
W. The queen’s bishop takes the gambit pawn.
B. Queen’s bishop at the white king’s knight’s 4th.
(a) Playing the king to the bishop’s square, makes it impossible for
the adversary to preserve the gambit pawn, which it will be always in
your power to take; and you will acquire by it a constant attack upon
him.
10.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
11.
W. Queen’s knight at his king’s 4th. The whites have the advantage
of position, and must win.
END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
_Printed by W. Smith,
King Street, Seven Dials._
STUDIES OF CHESS;
CONTAINING
CAÏSSA, A POEM,
BY
SIR WILLIAM JONES;
_A Systematic Introduction to the Game_;
AND
THE WHOLE
ANALYSIS OF CHESS,
COMPOSED BY
MR. A. D. PHILIDOR:
WITH
Original Critical Remarks.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
"_Ludimus effigiem belli._"
VOL. II.
London:
PRINTED FOR SAMUEL BAGSTER, NO. 81, STRAND.
1803.
_Printed by W. Smith,
King Street, Seven Dials._
_Contents of the Second Volume._
PHILIDOR’S WORK CONTINUED.
PAGE
The Queen’s Gambit 1
Regular Parties 33
First Regular Party 34
Second Regular Party 49
Third Regular Party 54
Fourth Regular Party 69
Fifth Regular Party 75
Sixth Regular Party 81
The Salvio Gambit—First Party 88
—————— Second Party 101
Supplements to former Games 107
Practical Mates and Ends of Parties 120
Rook and Bishop against a Rook 121
Mate with a Knight and Bishop 135
A Rook and Pawn against a Bishop 142
Mate with a Rook 148
The Queen against a Rook and Pawn 152
The Queen against a Rook 160
Rook and Pawn against a Rook 168
Queen and Pawn against a Queen 172
Drawn Game with a Pawn 181
A Knight against a Pawn 185
Two Pawns against One 187
Two separate, against Two united Pawns 194
Observations on Ends of Parties,
and Powers of Pieces combined 196
The Laws of Chess 199
Games played without seeing the Board 205
—— First Match 206
—— Second Match 226
—— Third Match 244
Appendix 259
ANALYSIS OF _CHESS_.
The Queen’s Gambit,
OTHERWISE CALLED THE GAMBIT OF ALEPPO, WITH SIX BACK GAMES;
_Respectively on the Third Move of the White, the Third Move of the
Black, the Fourth Move of the White, the Seventh Move of the White, the
Eighth Move of the Black, and the Tenth Move of the White_.
1.
W. The queen’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The same.
2.
W. Queen’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
3.
W. King’s pawn 2 squares.(a) ☜
B. King’s pawn 2 squares.(b) ☜
4.
W. Queen’s pawn 1 square.(c) ☜
B. King’s bishop’s pawn 2 squares.(d)
5.
W. Queen’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
B. King’s knight at his bishop’s 3d.
6.
W. King’s bishop’s pawn 1 square.
B. King’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.
(a) Had you pushed this pawn but one square, your adversary would have
confined your queen’s bishop during half the game. The subject of the
first back game.
(b) If, instead of playing this, he had sustained the gambit pawn, he
would have lost the game; as will be seen by the second back game: but,
if he had neither pushed this pawn, nor sustained the gambit pawn, you
must have pushed your king’s bishop’s pawn two squares, in order to
have three pawns in front.
(c) Had you taken his king’s pawn, you would have lost the advantage of
the attack. The subject of the third back game.
(d) If he had played any thing else, by pushing _your_ king’s bishop’s
pawn two squares, you would have procured for your pieces an entire
liberty to act.
7.
W. Queen’s knight at his rook’s 4th.(e) ☜
B. The bishop takes the king’s knight.(f)
8.
W. The rook takes the bishop.
B. The King castles.(g) ☜
9.
W. The knight returns to his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
(e) If, instead of playing your knight, in order to get rid of his
king’s bishop, according to the rule prescribed in the first party,
note (_c_), you had taken the gambit’s pawn, you had lost the game. The
subject of the fourth back game.
(f) If, instead of taking your knight, he had played his bishop to your
queen’s fourth, you might have attacked him with your king’s knight,
and left him no possibility of escape.
(g) If he had pushed his queen’s knight’s pawn two squares, in order
to sustain the gambit pawn, he had lost the game; (as is exemplified
in the fifth back game) and if, instead of that, or the move he has
adopted, he had chosen to take your king’s pawn, your taking his
capturing pawn would not commit yours to his knight; because, were
he to take it with his knight, he would lose the game, through a
subsequent check from your queen.
10.
W. The king’s bishop takes the gambit pawn.(h) ☜
B. The pawn takes the pawn.
11.
W. The pawn takes the pawn.(i)
B. Queen’s bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.
12.
W. Queen’s bishop at his king’s 3d.
B. Queen’s knight at his queen’s 2d.
13.
W. The queen at her 2d square.
B. Queen’s knight at his 3d square.
14.
W. The bishop takes the knight.
B. The rook’s pawn takes the bishop.
15.
W. The king castles on his queen’s side.
B. The king at his rook’s square.
(h) This critical move requires a back game: if you had taken the first
of his double pawns with your king’s bishop’s pawn, you would have lost
the game.
(i) In taking with this pawn, you give your rook an opening upon his
king.
16.
W. King’s rook at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
B. King’s knight’s pawn 1 square.
17.
W. The queen at her king’s 3d.
B. The queen at her 3d square.
18.
W. The knight at his king’s 4th.
B. The bishop takes the knight.
19.
W. The pawn takes the bishop; uniting with his queen’s pawn.[31]
B. The king’s rook at his king’s square.