_Obs._ The extract of the shops is usually prepared by exhausting the root
by coction with water. The products of the first two of the above formulæ,
when recent, have a faint and agreeable odour, and a sweet bitter taste;
those of Nos. 4, 5, and 6, smell strongly of the recent root, have a pale
and lively brownish-yellow colour, and a bitter acidulous taste, without
any trace of sweetness; that of the last one is devoid of odour, and
possesses a coffee-brown colour, and a sweetish, burnt taste, not much
unlike a solution of burnt sugar. The medicinal virtue of this extract is
greatest when the aroma and bitter taste of the recent root is well
developed; and when sweet, its efficacy as a remedy is impaired. (Squire.)
Taraxacum root should be gathered during the winter months, when the
quantity of the product is looked at; as then a given weight of the juice
yields more extract; but in summer and autumn it possesses more bitterness
and aroma. 4 lbs. of juice from roots gathered in November and December
yielded 1 lb. of extract, while it took from 6 to 9 lbs. of juice from the
root, gathered in spring or summer, to yield a like quantity. (Squire.)
The herb yields by the evaporation of its expressed juice about 5% of
extract. According to Mr Jacob Bell, the average yield of 1 cwt. of root
is about 7-1/8 lbs. ('Pharm Journ.,' x, 446.)
Good extract of taraxacum should be wholly soluble in water.--_Dose_, 10
gr. to 1/2 dr.; as a resolvent, aperient, and tonic, in liver and stomach
complaints, &c.
=Extract of Tea.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM THEÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From an infusion of
any of the rougher kinds of black tea. Astringent. Has been recommended in
diarrh[oe]a; formed into pills.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr. A hard,
black-looking substance, smelling and tasting faintly of tea, is imported
under the same name from China.
2. (Pidding's.) The joint products of distillation and infusion combined.
Proposed to be made in China, and exported as a condensed preparation of
tea. (ESSENCE OF TEA; ESSENTIA THEÆ); to be used as a substitute for the
leaves, in order to save the expense of freight, &c.
=Extract of Thorn-Apple.= See EXTRACT OF STRAMONIUM.
=Extract of Tobac'co.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM TABACI, E. NICOTIANÆ, L. _Prep._
1. (Chippendale.) From decoction of tobacco. Proposed as an external
application in neuralgia, &c.
2. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM TABACI ALCOHOLICUM, L.--Ph. Bor.) Tobacco leaves,
1 lb.; spirit (sp. gr. ·900), 2 lbs.; digest in a warm place for some
days, express strongly, and again digest in a mixture of water and spirit
(·900), of each, 1 lb., for 24 hours; again press out the liquor, and
evaporate the strained and mixed liquors into a vapour bath, at a
temperature not exceeding 167° Fahr.
=Extract of Tor'mentil.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM TORMENTILLÆ, L. _Prep._ (Ph.
Amst.) From the root of _Potentilla Tormentilla_, as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph.
L. The Ph. Baden directs its preparation by displacement with cold water.
Astringent and febrifuge.--_Dose_, 15 to 30 gr.; in diarrh[oe]a. It was
formerly regarded as a specific in syphilis. (Lindley.)
=Extract of U'va Ur'si.= See EXTRACT OF WHORTLEBERRY.
=Extract of Valer'ian.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM VALERIANÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From
valerian root, as EXTRACT OF HOP--Ph. L.; but using a covered vessel.
2. (Ph. Bor. and Baden.) As EXTRACT OF CINCHONA--Ph. L. (nearly),
employing strong force in the expression of the liquor, and only
evaporating to the consistence of syrup.
_Obs._ It is usual to add to this extract a little of the ESSENTIAL OIL OF
VALERIAN, dissolved in a small quantity of rectified spirit, just before
removing it from the evaporating-pan, and when nearly cold. Anti-spasmodic
and nervine.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr. In hysteric and spasmodic
diseases. Valerian yields about 40% of soft extract.
3. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM VALERIANÆ ALCOHOLICUM, L.--P. Cod.) As EXTRACT OF
BOX.--P. Cod.
4. (Fluid; EXTRACTUM VALERIANÆ FLUIDUM, L.--Ph. U. S.). Rectified spirit,
12 fl. oz.; mix, add of valerian (in coarse powder), 8 oz. digest and
percolate, adding, subsequently, spirit (at or near proof) until 16 fl.
oz. of tincture have passed through; let this evaporate spontaneously, in
a shallow vessel, until reduced to 5 fl. oz.; in the meantime add fresh
spirit to the mass in the percolator, until 10 fl. oz. more of tincture
are obtained, which add to the above residuum of the evaporation,
observing to dissolve any oleo-resinous deposit in a little rectified
spirit, and add to it to the rest; lastly, filter, and add of rectified
spirit, q. s. to make the whole measure 16 fl. oz.
=Extract of Vanil'la.= See LIQUOR OF VANILLA.
=Extract of Wall Pel'litory.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PARIETARIÆ, L. _Prep._ From
fresh wall-pellitory (_Parietaria officinalis_), as EXTRACT OF
ACONITE--Ph. L. Aperient, diuretic, and pectoral.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2
dr.
=Extract of Wal'nut.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM JUGLANDIS IMMATURÆ, L. _Prep._ 1.
From unripe walnuts (_Juglans regia_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L.
2. From the decoction of the green shells. Vermifuge.--_Dose_, 20 to 30
gr. in cinnamon water.
=Extract of Walnut Leaves.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM JUGLANDIS FOLIORUM, L.
_Prep._ 1. From the decoction of dried walnut leaves.
2. (Soubeiran.) By displacement with tepid water. Diaphoretic and
alterative.--_Dose_, 2 to 4 gr., twice or thrice a day; in scrofula,
scirrhus, &c.
3. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM JUGLANDIS FOLIORUM ALCOHOLICUM, L.--Ph. Bor.)
From walnut leaves (cut), as ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF TOBACCO--Ph. Bor.
(nearly).
=Extract of Wa'ter-dock.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM RUMICIS AQUATICI, L. _Prep._
From the root, as EXTRACT OF HOPS, Ph. L. Astringent and
antiscorbutic.--_Dose_, 15 gr. to 1 dr.; in skin diseases, &c.
=Extract of Whor'tleberry.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF BEARBERRY; EXTRACTUM UVÆ
URSI. (Ph. L.), L. _Prep._ 1. From the dried leaves of the bearberry
(_Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi_), as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L.--_Dose_, 5 to 15
gr., twice or thrice a day; in chronic diseases of the bladder and
kidneys, attended with increased secretion of mucus, without inflammation.
2. (Ph. U. S. EXTRACTUM UVI-URSI ELUIDUM.) As fluid extract of
cotton-root. (Ph. U. S.)
=Extract of Willow Bark.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SALICIS. (Ph. Par.) From
Powdered willow bark, as EXTRACT OF RHATANY.
=Extract of Win'ter Cher'ry.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ALKEKENGI, L. _Prep._ From
the berries of _Physalis alkekengi_, as EXTRACT OF ELDER. Aperient,
detergent, and diuretic. _Dose_, 2 to 4 dr.
=Extract of Win'ter-green.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF PIPSISSEWA; EXTRACTUM
CHIMAPHILÆ, L. _Prep._ From the herb winter-green or pipsissewa
(_Chimaphila umbellata_), as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to
1/2 dr.; in dropsy, scrofula, and chronic affections of the urinary
organs.
=Extract of Wood Sor'rel.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ACETOSELLÆ, L. _Prep._
(Pideret.) From the expressed juice of the fresh herb (_Oxalis
acetosella_.) Acid, bitter, and antiscorbutic.--_Dose_, 15 gr. to 1/2 dr.
=Extract of Worm Grass.= See EXTRACT OF PINKROOT.
=Extract of Worm'seed.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CINÆ ÆTHEREUM, E. SEMINUM C. Æ.,
L. _Prep._ (Hamb. Cod. 1845.) Wormseed, 1 oz.; ether, 4 oz.; digest 3 or 4
days, press, filter, distil off 4-5ths, and evaporate the residuum to a
proper consistence. _Prod._ 25% to 30%. Vermifuge.--_Dose_, 3 to 10 gr.,
night and morning, for 2 or 3 successive days, followed by a brisk purge.
=Extract of Worm-wood.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ABSINTHII; EXTRACTUM ARTEMESIÆ
ABSINTHII, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. D., 1826.) From the dried flowering tops of
wormwood, as the other simple extracts (EXTRACTA SIMPLICIORA--Ph. D.)