_Obs._ The Ph. U. S. 1841 orders the wood to be rasped. The Ph. Baden
directs displacement with cold water. On the large scale, this extract is
prepared solely by decoction. 1 cwt. of wood yields about 20 lbs. of
extract (Brande); 80 lbs. yield 14 lbs. of extract (Gray.) It is kept in
two states--hard (EXTRACTUM HÆMATOXYLI DURUM) and soft (E. H. MOLLE). The
dose of the first is 10 to 20 gr., dissolved in wine, or any cordial
water; as an astringent, after each motion in diarrh[oe]a; the second is
often employed as a lozenge in the same disease, and is an inexpensive and
agreeable remedy for simple relaxation of the bowels.
=Extract of Lov'age.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM LEVISTICI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Baden.)
From lovage (_Levisticum officinale_), as EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod.
Aromatic, stomachic, and diaphoretic.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.
=Extract of Lu'puline.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM LUPULINÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From
lupuline (the powder separated from hops by rubbing and sifting), by
infusion in cold water, or by displacement.
2. (EXTRACTUM LUPULINÆ COCTIONE PARATUM.) From the decoction. Both similar
to extract of hops, but stronger. The first is the most aromatic; the last
the most bitter.
=Extract of Mad'der.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM RUBIÆ. L. _Prep._ (Ph. Hamb.) From
the tincture of dyer's madder (_Rubia tinctorum_), made with rectified
spirit, 1 part, and water, 3 parts.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 30 gr.; as a
diuretic, emmenagogue, and parturifacient; and in jaundice, &c.
=Extract of Mahog'any.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SWIETENIÆ, L. From the chips and
sawdust of mahogany (_Swietenia Mahogoni_). It is astringent, and is
frequently sold for kino. It is also employed in tanning.
=Extract of Male Fern.= _Syn._ ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF MALE FERN; EXTRACTUM
FILICIS, B. P. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Ebers.) From the tincture of the dried root
of male fern (_Lastræa Filix-mas_), made with rectified spirit. In
tape-worm.--_Dose_, 20 gr. to 1/2 dr., twice a day, made into an electuary
with powdered sugar, and followed by a strong dose of castor oil.
2. (Ethereal.) B. P. (EXTRACTUM FILICIS LIQUIDUM.) Fern root, in coarse
powder, 1; ether, 2-1/2, or a sufficiency. Pack closely in a percolator
with 1 of the ether, add the rest at intervals, until it passes through
colourless, distil off the ether, and the liquid extract remains.--_Dose_,
30 to 60 minims. See OIL OF MALE FERN.
=Extract of Malt.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MALTI, E. BYNES, L. _Prep._ 1. From
the infusion made with water at a temperature ranging between 160° and
170° Fahr., drained off, without pressure, and evaporated to the
consistence of honey. Nutritious and laxative.--_Dose._ A table-spoonful,
or more, _ad libitum_.
2. EXTRACT OF MALT, FERRATED. (Ph. G.) Extract of malt, 47-1/2 oz., mixed
with 1 oz. of pyrophosphate of iron and citrate of ammonia, dissolved in
1-1/2 oz. of water.
=Extract of Ma''rygold.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CALENDULÆ, L. _Prep._ 1.
(Guibourt.) By maceration of the herb and flowers of the common marygold
(_Calendula officinalis_) in tepid water for 24 hours, and subsequent
coction for 15 or 20 minutes.
2. (Ph. Baden.) As EXTRACT OF ANGELICA--Ph. Baden.--_Dose_, 2 to 10 gr.;
cordial, diaphoretic, alterative, and emmenagogue; in dyspepsia, and
scirrhous and cancerous affections.
=Extract of May-apple.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PODOPHYLLI. L. _Prep._ (Ph. U. S.
1841.) From the tincture of the root (rhizomes) of may-apple (_Podophyllum
peltatum_).--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.; as a substitute for extract of jalap.
See PODOPHYLLIN.
=Extract of Mea'dow Saf'fron.= See EXTRACT OF COLCHICUM.
=Extract of Meat.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF FLESH; EXTRACTUM CARNIS, L. _Prep._
(Liebig.) The lean of recently killed meat (chopped very small), 1 part;
cold water, 8 parts; agitate it well together for 10 minutes; then heat it
gradually to the boiling-point, let it simmer gently for a few minutes,
and strain through a hair sieve whilst still hot; lastly, evaporate to a
soft mass. 1 lb. of meat yields barely 1 oz. See ESSENCE OF BEEF, TEA
(Beef), &c.
=Extract of Mezere'on.= _Syn._ MEZEREON RESIN; EXTRACTUM MEZEREI, RESINA
MEZEREI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Alcoholic; E. M. ALCOHOLICUM, L.)--_a._ (Ph.
Hamb.) By distilling off 5/6ths of the tincture made with rectified
spirit, and filtering the residue, retaining what is left on the filter.
_b._ By the simple distillation of the tincture.
_Obs._ Green or brownish green; insoluble in water. 1/2 oz. mezereon
root-bark yielded 1-1/2 oz. (Hamb. Disp.) It is chiefly used in preparing
blistering ointments and plasters.
2. (Ethereal; GREEN OIL OF MEZEREON; EXTRACTUM MEZEREI ÆTHEREUM. B.
P.)--_a._ B. P. Mezereon bark cut small, 1 lb.; rectified spirit, 8 pints;
ether, 1 pint. Macerate the mezereon in 6 pints of the spirit for 3 days,
with frequent agitation, strain, and press. To the residue of the mezereon
add the remainder of the spirit, and again macerate for 3 days, with
constant agitation, strain, and press. Mix and filter the strained
liquors, recover the greater part of the spirit by distillation, evaporate
what remains to the consistence of a soft extract, put this in a stoppered
bottle with the ether, and macerate for 24 hours, shaking them frequently;
decant the etherial solution, recover part of the ether by distillation,
and evaporate what remains to the consistence of a soft extract.
_b._ (Ph. Bor.) By digesting alcoholic extract of mezereon in ether for
some days with agitation, reducing the tincture to 1-4th by careful
distillation, and evaporating the residuum by a gentle heat to the
consistence of an extract.
_c._ (Ph. U. S. EXTRACTUM MEZEREI FLUIDUM.) Mezereon in moderately coarse
powder, 16 oz. (troy); alcohol (·817), 16 oz. (old measure); proceed as
for fluid extract of cubebs. (Ph. U. S.)
_Obs._ Both the alcoholic and ethereal extract of mezereon must be kept in
stoppered bottles. The latter, like the former, is used as an external
irritant.
=Extract of Mil'foil.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MILLEFOLII, _E. Achiliæ m._, L.
_Prep._ From the herb milfoil or yarrow (_Achillea millefolium_), as
EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L. Astringent, tonic, and alterative.--_Dose_, 10 gr.
to 1/2 dr.
=Extract of Mimo'sa Bark.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CORTICIS MIMOSÆ, L. _Prep._
From the bark of several Australian species of Acacia or Mimosa (_Acacia
mollissima_, _A. decurrens_, _A. melanoxylon_, &c.). It is chiefly
imported from Van Diemen's Land. Astringent. Said to be superior to oak
bark for tanning.
=Extract of Mone'sia Bark.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MONESIÆ, E. M. PURIFICATUM,
L. _Prep._ From the monesia or buranheim bark (bark of _Chrysophyllum
Buranheim_); or from commercial monesia, as EXTRACT OF CATECHU.
Astringent.--_Dose_, 4 to 8 gr.
=Extract of Mug'wort.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ARTEMISIÆ, L. _Prep._ From the
tops of the common mugwort (_Artemisia vulgaris_), as EXTRACT OF BOX,--P.
Cod. An active emmenagogue.
=Extract of Myrrh.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MYRRHÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Aqueous;
EXTRACTUM MYRRHÆ AQUOSUM, L.)--_a._ From the strained decoction.
_b_. (Ph. Bor.) As EXTRACT OF ALOES--Ph. Bor., afterwards reducing it to a
fine powder. The formula of the Ph. Baden is similar.--_Dose_, 6 to 15
gr., or more.
2. (Alcoholic; RESIN OF MYRRH; EXTRACTUM MYRRHÆ ALCOHOLICUM, E. M.
RESINOSUM, L.) From the tincture. Tonic and stimulant.--_Dose_, 5 to 10
gr., or more.
3. (Compound; EXTRACTUM MYRRHÆ COMPOSITUM, L.--Swediaur.) Myrrh, 2 oz.;
gum arabic (in powder), 2 dr.; triturate, add water, q. s. to form a thick
emulsion, and add extract of couch grass, 4 oz. Much recommended in
phthisis and uterine ulcerations.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr. in water, twice or
thrice daily.
=Extracts, Narcotic, with Sugar.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM NARCOTICA CUM SACCHARO.
(Guager.) _Prep._ Dissolve 6 oz. of alcoholic extract of the plant in 14
dr. or 2 oz. of strong alcohol by trituration in a porcelain mortar, and
mix with it 30 oz. of powdered white sugar, gradually added, with constant
stirring. Set the mixture in a warm situation until dry. Add sugar q. s.
to make up 36 oz. These preparations are less liable to lose their
efficacy than the simple extracts. 6 gr. represent one of the extract.
=Extract of Net'tles.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM URTICÆ, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) From
the juice of nettles (_Urtica dioica_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L.
Antiscorbutic, diuretic, and narcotic.
=Extract of Nose'gay.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF NOSEGAY; EXTRAIT DE BOUQUET, Fr.
_Prep._ Flowers of benzoin, 1 dr.; essence of ambergris, 2 fl. oz.;
spirits of jasmine and extract (esprit) of violets, of each 1 pint;
spirits of cassia, roses, orange flowers and gillyflowers, of each 1/2
pint; mix. A delightful perfume.
=Extract of Nux Vom'ica.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF KOOCHLA NUTS; EXTRACTUM NUCIS
VOMICÆ, B. P. _Prep._ 1. (Aqueous; E. N. V. AQUOSUM, L.--Ph. Bor.) From
the powdered nut, as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L. (nearly.)--_Dose_, 1 to 5 gr.
2. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM NUCIS VOMICÆ--Ph. L. E. and D., E. N. V.
ALCOHOLICUM, L.)--_a._ (B. P.) Soften nux vomica by steam, dry rapidly,
and reduce to fine powder; boil with rectified spirit until exhausted,
strain, distil off the spirit, and evaporate to the consistence of a soft
extract.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 gr.
_b._ (Ph. L.) Koochla or poison nuts (seed or fruit of _Strychnos
Nux-vomica_), 8 oz.; rectified spirit, 3 pints; expose them to steam until
softened, then bruise, slice, and dry them, and macerate them in 2-3rds of
the spirit for 7 days; express the tincture, and repeat the maceration
with the remaining 1-3rd of the spirit; again express the liquid; lastly,
filter the mixed tinctures, distil off the greater part of the spirit, and
complete the evaporation by a gentle heat. The formula of the P. Cod. is
similar, but using spirit sp. gr. ·863 (=41 o. p.).
_c._ (Ph. E.) The sliced and dried nuts are to be ground in a coffee-mill,
and either exhausted by percolation with rectified spirit or by boiling
the powder in repeated portions of the menstruum. The formulæ of the Ph.
Baden and U. S. are similar.
_d._ (Ph. D. 1826.) From a tincture of the rasped nut made with proof
spirit, observing that the extract, whilst thickening, should be properly
stirred.
_Obs._ This extract consists chiefly of impure igasurate of strychnia, and
is exhibited in similar cases to that alkaloid. Used as a stimulant of the
nervous system in paralysis.--_Dose_, 1/2 gr., gradually and cautiously
increased to 2 gr. It is very poisonous. On the large scale, the nuts are
ground in a drug-mill.
=Extract of Oak Bark.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM QUERCÛS, E. CORTICIS QUERCÛS, L.
_Prep._ (Ph. D. 1826.) From the decoction. Astringent.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to
1/2 dr. Now seldom used.
=Extract of O'pium.= _Prep._ 1. (AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF OPIUM, SIMPLE E. OF
O.; EXTRACTUM OPII (B. P.), E. O. AQUOSUM (Ph. D.), E. O. PURIFICATUM,
L.)--_a._ (B. P.) Opium in thin slices, 1 lb.; distilled water, 6 pints.
Macerate the opium in 2 pints of the water for 24 hours, and express the
liquor. Reduce the residue of the opium to a uniform pulp, macerate again
in 2 pints of the water for 24 hours, and express. Repeat the operation a
third time. Mix the liquors, strain through flannel, and evaporate by a
water bath to a proper consistence for forming pills.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1
gr., or more.
_b._ (Ph. L.) Opium (powdered), 1-1/2 lb.; distilled water (cold), 2-1/2
pints; mix gradually, and macerate for 24 hours, frequently stirring with
a spatula; (press), strain, and repeat the maceration for 24 hours with a
fresh quantity (2-1/2 pints) of water; lastly, evaporate the (mixed)
strained liquors to a proper consistence. The formulæ of the Ph. E. D. and
Baden, and P. Cod., are essentially the same.
_c._ (Ph. D. 1826.) As the last, but using boiling water, and exposing the
mixed liquors to the air for 2 days, before filtering, and evaporating
them. Inferior to the last.
_d._ (Purified.) The extract, prepared with cold water, is evaporated to
dryness, powdered, and redissolved in cold water; after 48 hours'
exposure, and defecation, it is decanted from the dregs, filtered, and
gently evaporated, as before. Superior to any other extract of opium made.
_Obs._ Good opium yields from 60% to 70% of its weight of extract, but
much depends upon the variety used.--_Dose_, 1/4 gr. to 2 gr., as an
anodyne, sedative, and hypnotic. It is less stimulating than ordinary
opium. That prepared by the third formula is, indeed, scarcely inferior in
its action to the salts of morphine.
This extract is kept in both the hard and soft state (EXTRACTUM OPII
DURUM, E. O. MOLLE). A solution of the former, in distilled water, with
the addition of a little spirit to keep it, forms Battley's 'LIQUOR OPII
SEDATIVUS,' The Dublin formula is that adopted by the wholesale druggists.