=Extract of Jabor'andi (Fluid).= (F. V. Greene, 'Amer. Journ. Pharm.,'
1877.) _Prep._ Jaborandi leaves in moderately fine powder, 16 troy oz.;
alcohol (50 per cent.), a sufficient quantity. Moisten the powder
thoroughly with the menstruum, pack in a conical glass percolator, place a
layer of two inches of well-washed sand on the top of the cloth covering
the material, add menstruum until the liquid begins to drop from the
percolator, when the lower orifice is to be closed with a cork, and the
percolator securely covered; set aside in a moderately warm place for four
days. At the expiration of this time remove the cork, and add more
menstruum by degrees until the material is exhausted. The first 14 ounces
(old measure) of the percolate are to be reserved, and the remainder
evaporated on a water bath, with constant stirring towards the close, to 2
fluid ounces (old measure), which are to be added to the reserved portion.
If the percolation and evaporation have been properly performed the fluid
extract will not be required to be filtered.
=Extract of Jal'ap.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ (B. P.), E. SIVE RESINA
JALAPÆ (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Jalap in coarse powder, 1;
rectified spirit, 5; distilled water, 10; macerate the jalap in the spirit
for seven days, press out the tincture, then filter, and distil off the
spirit, leaving a soft extract; again macerate the residual jalap in the
water for four hours, express, strain through flannel, and evaporate by a
water bath to a soft extract; mix the two extracts, and evaporate at a
temperature not exceeding 140° F. to a proper consistence for forming
pills.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.
2. (Ph. L.) Jalap (powdered) 2-1/2 lbs.; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; digest
four days, and express the tincture; boil the 'marc' in water, 2 galls.;
until reduced to 1/2 gall.; filter the tincture and decoction separately,
and let the one distil and the other evaporate until each thickens;
lastly, mix the two and complete the evaporation.--_Product._ About 66% =
16% of alcoholic and 50% of aqueous extract. (Brande.) 18 lbs. yield 12
lbs. of extract. (Lab. Journ.)--_Dose_, 6 to 15 gr.
3. (Ph. E.) From tincture of jalap prepared by displacement with rectified
spirit. It consists of impure resin of jalap. It is more active than the
last.--_Prod._ 16%.--_Dose_, 2 to 6 gr.
4. (Ph. Ed. 1744, EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ ALKALINUM.) As extract jalap (B. P.)
adding for every pound of jalap, 1 oz., or q. s. of carbonate of potash.
_Obs._ Extract of jalap is an active purgative. It should be well beaten
up with a little sulphate of potassa, sugar, or some aromatic powder, to
prevent it griping. The substance commonly sold as extract of jalap in the
shops is prepared by boiling jalap root for 3 or 4 hours in water, when it
is taken out, and well bruised or sliced, and again boiled with water
until exhausted of soluble matter. The mixed decoctions are then allowed
12 or 14 hours for defecation, after which the supernatant portion is
decanted and evaporated.
Extract of jalap "should be kept in the soft state (EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ, E.
J. MOLLE), so as to form pills; and in the hard state (HARD EXTRACT OF
JALAP; EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ DURUM), that it may be rubbed to powder." (Ph. L.)
=Extract of Jasmine (Yellow).= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GELSEMII FLUIDUM. (Ph. U.
S.) _Prep._ Yellow jasmine in very fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); rectified
spirit, 16 oz. (old measure). Proceed as for fluid extract of cubebs. (Ph.
U. S.)
=Extract of Ju'niper.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM JUNIPERI, E. BACCARUM J., L.
_Prep._ (P. Cod.) Macerate juniper berries in water at 77° to 86° Fahr.,
for 24 hours, strain, repeat the process with a fresh quantity of water,
mix the liquors, filter, and evaporate.--_Dose_, 20 gr. to 1 dr.; as a
stimulant diuretic, in dropsy, &c.; and also as a pill-basis.
=Extract of Kalada'na.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM KALADANÆ, L. _Prep._ (Bengal
Disp.) From the tincture of the seeds of kaladana (_Pharbitis Nil_).
Purgative said to be equal to EXTRACT OF JALAP, and of double the
strength.
=Extract of Lettuce=. _Syn._ INSPISSATED JUICE OF LETTUCE; EXTRACTUM
LACTUCÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) The inspissated juice evaporated to
a pillular consistence, according to the directions given for EXTRACTUM
BELLADONNÆ.
2. (Ph. L.) From the fresh leaves of garden lettuce (_Lactuca sativa_), as
EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L. Anodyne, sedative, hypnotic, and
antispasmodic.--_Dose_, 3 to 10 gr. 1 cwt. of lettuce yields 4 lbs. to 5
lbs. of extract.
3. (Probait.) From the external parts of the stalks and the old and yellow
leaves, after the plants have flowered, by maceration in water for 24
hours, and decoction for 2 hours; the expressed liquid is first evaporated
by a gentle heat, and afterwards spread on shallow dishes, and dried by
exposure to a current of air. Stronger than the last.--_Dose_, 1 to 5 gr.
4. (E. OF WILD LETTUCE, INSPISSATED JUICE OF W. L.; EXTRACTUM LACTUCÆ
VIROSÆ, SUCCUS SPISSATUS L. V.--Ph. E., L.)--_a._ (Ph. E.) From the leaves
of strong-scented wild lettuce (_Lactuca virosa_).[295]
[Footnote 295: See general instructions, p. 682.]
_b._ (P. Cod.) As ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE.--P. Cod.
_c._ (Ph. Baden.) As EXTRACT OF FOXGLOVE--Ph. Baden. See LACTUCARIUM.
=Extract of Liq'uorice.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._
1. (SOFT E. OF L.; EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ MOLLE, L.)--_a._ (Ph. L.) From
fresh liquorice root, as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L.
_b._ (Ph. E.) From the fresh root, cut into slices, dried, and powdered,
as EXTRACT OF GENTIAN--Ph. E. The form of the Ph. Baden is very similar.
_c._ (Ph. D.) As ordered for simple extracts (EXTRACTA SIMPLICIORA--Ph.
D.).
_d._ (B. P.) Liquorice root in coarse powder, 1; cold distilled water, 5;
macerate the root in half the water for twelve hours, strain, and press;
again macerate the pressed marc with the remainder of the water for 6
hours, strain and press, mix the strained liquors, heat to 212° F.,
strain, and evaporate to a pill consistence.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr.
_e._ (B. P. EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ LIQUIDUM.) _Prep._ Liquorice root in
coarse powder, 1 lb.; distilled water, 4 pints. Macerate the liquorice
with two pints of water for twelve hours, strain, and press; again
macerate the pressed marc with the remainder of the water for six hours,
strain, and press. Mix the strained liquors, heat to 212° Fahr., and
strain through flannel; then evaporate by a water bath until it has
acquired, when cold, a specific gravity of 1·160; add to this one eighth
of its volume of rectified spirit; let the mixture stand for twelve hours
and filter.
_f._ (U. S. Disp.) Crude liquorice (SPANISH JUICE), q. s. is dissolved in
water, and the solution filtered and evaporated. To produce a good article
(EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ PURIFICATUM) in this way, the solution should be
allowed some hours for defecation, and should not be decanted and strained
until quite cold.
_Obs._ Soft extract of liquorice is often employed as a pill-basis, and
the hard extract (SPANISH JUICE, &c.) is used as a lozenge to allay
tickling cough. The principal portion of the latter is, however, consumed
by the porter brewers and brewers' druggists. The product of the last
formula, evaporated until it is quite solid when cold, and made into small
pipes, sticks, or rolls, forms the BEST REFINED LIQUORICE or REFINED JUICE
of the shops.
2. (HARD E. OF L., SPANISH JUICE, S. LIQUORICE, GLYCYRRHIZIN, BLACK SUGAR;
EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ SIMPLEX, E. G. DURUM, SUCCUS G., S. G. SPISSATUS,
L.) This is seldom prepared by the English druggists, being principally
imported in the dry state from Spain and Italy. That from Solazzi (SOLAZZI
JUICE) is the most esteemed. A great deal of the foreign extract is mixed
with fecula, or the pulp of plums, hence its inferior quality. It also
frequently contains copper, derived from the boilers in which it is
prepared. The extract prepared from the fresh root is usually preferred to
the best foreign, as the latter has a less sweet and agreeable taste.
REFINED JUICE is prepared by dissolving the foreign juice in water,
filtering and evaporating. See LIQUORICE, and _above_.
=Extract of Lobe'lia.= _Syn._ ACETIC EXTRACT OF INDIAN TOBACCO; EXTRACTUM
LOBELIÆ, E. L. INFLATÆ, L. _Prep._ (W. Proctor.) Lobelia seeds (bruised),
8 oz.; dilute alcohol (sp. gr. ·935), 4 pints; acetic acid, 1 fl. oz.; by
maceration for 24 hours, and subsequent displacement. Expectorant and
diaphoretic, in small doses; emetic and narcotic, in larger ones. It is
principally used in asthma and other chest diseases.--_Dose_, 1/4 gr. to 5
gr.
=Extract of Log'wood.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM HÆMATOXYLI (B. P.), E. H.
CAMPECHIANI, (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Logwood in chips, 1; boiling
distilled water, 10; macerate 24 hours, boil to 5, strain, and evaporate
to an extract, but not in iron vessels.