=Extract of Cevadil''la.= _Syn._ ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SABADILLA; EXTRACTUM
SABADILLÆ, L. _Prep._ (Dr Turnbull.) From tincture of cevadilla seeds,
made with rectified spirit. Employed by Dr Turnbull as a remedy in painful
rheumatic and neuralgic affections, and, generally, as a substitute for
VERATRIA.--_Dose_, 1/10 to 1/6 gr. It is extremely poisonous.
=Extract of Cham'omile.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ANTHEMIDIS (Ph. E.), E. A.
NOBILIS, L. _Prep._ By evaporating the decoction of the flowers to the
proper consistence.
_Obs._ This extract contains only the bitter portion of the chamomile, the
aromatic volatile oil being dissipated during the evaporation. This,
however is remedied in the formulæ given by the British Pharmacop[oe]ia,
which is as follows:---
Boil chamomile flowers 1 lb., in one gallon of distilled water, until the
volume is reduced to one half; strain, press and filter. Evaporate by a
water bath to a proper consistence, adding oil of chamomile, 15 minims at
the end of the process.
It is usually prepared from old flowers that have lost their smell and
colour, and are thus rendered unsaleable. The extract of chamomile that
smells strongly of the flowers, frequently vended by the druggists, is
prepared by adding 1 dr. of the essential oil of chamomile to every pound
of extract, when nearly cold, and just before removing it from the
evaporating pan. This addition, unlike many which are made in the
laboratory, vastly increases the medicinal virtues of this article. The
mass of extract of chamomile met with in the shops is nothing but extract
of gentian scented with a little oil of chamomile. 1 cwt. of chamomiles
yields about 48 lbs. of extract.
Extract of chamomile is bitter, tonic, and stomachic.--_Dose_, 10 to 20
gr., made into a pill, either alone or combined with a little rhubarb and
ginger. See PILLS, &c.
=Extract of Chenopo''dium.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF STINKING GOOSE-FOOT;
EXTRACTUM CHENOPODII, L. _Prep._ 1. From the stinking orache or goose-foot
(_Chenopodium olidum_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE.--Ph. L.
2. (Mr Houlton.) From the expressed juice by spontaneous evaporation. A
better plan is to expose it to heated air. Antihysteric, emmenagogue, and
vermifuge.--_Dose_, 5 to 20 gr.
=Extract (Fluid) of Wild Cherry.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PRUNI VIRGINIANÆ
FLUIDUM. (Ph. U. S.) Wild cherry in fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); glycerin,
4 oz. (old measure); water, 8 oz. (old measure). Mix the glycerin and the
water, and digest the wild cherry in 8 oz. of the mixture for 4 days, then
pack in a percolator and pour on the remaining 4 oz. of glycerin and
water. When this has disappeared from the surface pour on rectified spirit
(·817) until 12 oz. (old measure) of fluid have been obtained, and set
this portion aside. Then percolate with spirit, until 20 oz. (old measure)
more have been obtained; evaporate to 4 oz. (old measure), and mix with
the reserved portion.
=Extract of Cincho'na.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF BARK. Three simple extracts,
prepared respectively from YELLOW, PALE, and RED CINCHONA, are given in
Ph. L.:--_Prep._ 1. (From CALISAYA or YELLOW BARK:--EXTRACT OF CINCHONA,
E. OF YELLOW C., E. OF HEART-LEAVED C.; EXTRACTUM CINCHONÆ, L.)--_a._
EXTRACTUM CINCHONÆ FLAVÆ LIQUIDUM (B. P.). Yellow cinchona bark in coarse
powder, 16; distilled water, a sufficiency; rectified spirit, 1; macerate
the bark in 40 of water for twenty-four hours, then pack in a percolator,
and add water until 240 have passed through, or until the bark is
exhausted; evaporate the liquor to 20, at a temperature not exceeding
160°; then filter, and continue the evaporation to 3, or until the sp. gr.
of the liquid is 1·200; when cold, add the spirit gradually, constantly
stirring. Sp. gr. 1·100.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims.
_b._ (Ph. L.) Yellow cinchona (coarsely bruised), 3 lbs.; distilled water
(temperate), 4 pints; macerate for 24 hours (constantly stirring), and
strain through linen; what remains, again macerate in water, 1 quart, for
24 hours, and strain; evaporate the mixed liquids to a proper consistence.
_Obs._ The aqueous extracts of cinchona bark possess little medicinal
virtue, owing to the insolubility of the alkaloids (quinine, cinchonine,
&c.) in water, and also from the rapid oxidation of their extractive
matter, when exposed in solution to the joint action of heat and
atmospheric oxygen.--_Dose_, 5 gr. to 1/2 dr., in mixtures, faintly
acidulated with sulphuric acid. Cinchona bark yields from 24% to 30% of
aqueous extract.
2. (From PALE BARK:--EXTRACT OF PALE CINCHONA, E. OF PALE BARK, E. OF
LANCE-LEAVED B.; EXTRACTUM CINCHONÆ VALLIDÆ, L.)--_a._ (Ph. L.) From pale
bark, as EXTRACT OF CINCHONA--Ph. L. (_above_).
_b._ (Ph. L. 1836.) From the decoction.
_Obs._ This forms the EXTRACT OF BARK of the shops. The red and yellow
cinchona barks are scarcely ever used for making extracts. Their richness
in quinine leads to their almost, exclusive employment for the manufacture
of that alkaloid, by which their value is greatly enhanced. As far as our
knowledge extends, no other extract of bark than this is either employed
or asked for.
3. (From RED BARK:--EXTRACT OF RED CINCHONA, E. OF RED BARK, E. OF
OBLONG-LEAVED B.; EXTRACTUM CINCHONÆ RUBRÆ, L.)--_a._ (Ph. L.) From red
bark, as EXTRACT OF CINCHONA--Ph. L. (_above_).
_b._ (Ph. L. 1836.) From the decoction.
_Obs._ These extracts are ordered to be kept in two states, the one (SOFT
EXTRACT OF CINCHONA; EXTRACTUM CINCHONÆ MOLLE) for making pills, &c.; the
other (HARD EXTRACT OF CINCHONA; EXTRACTUM CINCHONÆ DURUM) for
powdering.--The dose, &c., of all the above are the same.
4. (Dry:--ESSENTIAL SALT OF BARK; EXTRACTUM CINCHONÆ SICCUM, L.)--_a._ (P.
Cod.) From an aqueous infusion of pale bark (prepared by displacement with
water at a temperature not above 77° Fahr.), evaporated to the consistence
of a thick syrup, and then spread thinly and uniformly on earthenware
dishes, or sheets of glass, and dried in a stove, by a very gentle heat.
It is separated from the plates with a knife, and preserved in well-closed
phials. Prior to spreading it out on the plates, about 4% or 5% of thick
mucilage is commonly added.
_b._ (Ph. Bor.) As the above (nearly).
_c._ (Ph. Hann. 1831.) Similar to the above; but the liquid, when it
acquires the consistence of treacle, is diluted with water, and again
evaporated to a like consistence; and this dilution and evaporation is
repeated until, on the addition of water, it forms a clear
solution.--_Dose_, 5 to 25 gr. The product of the last formula is nearly
inert, and that of the others possesses little activity.