7. (Wiseman.) Acetate of soda, 10 gr.; powdered opium, 1 gr.; sugar candy,
1/2 dr.
_Obs._ It is absolutely necessary that the ingredients in the above
preparations should be reduced to an impalpable powder by careful
trituration in a wedgwood mortar. For use, a small pinch is placed in a
quill or straw, and blown into the eye previously opened with the fingers.
On the whole, they may be regarded as unnecessary preparations, and are
unsafe, except in skilful hands.
=Collyrium, Liq'uid.= See WATERS (Eye).
=Collyrium, Unct'uous.= See OINTMENTS (Eye).
=COL'OCYNTH= (s[)i]nth). _Syn._ COLOCYNTH PULP., COLOCYNTHIDIS PULPA, B.
P. BIT'TER AP'PLE, BITTER GOURD, BITTER CU'CUMBER, PEELED COLOCYNTH;
COLOQUINT'IDA, COLOCYNTH'IS (B. P.), L. The decorticated fruit or pulp of
the _Citrellus Colocynthis_ (Schrad.--Ph. L.), or _Cucumis Colocynthis_
(Linn.--Ph. E. & D.). It is an acrid, drastic purge and hydragogue, and
cannot be given alone with safety; but, in combination with other
substances, it forms some of our most useful cathartic medicines.
=COLOCYNTH'IN.= _Syn._ COLOCYNTH'IUM, L. The bitter, purgative principle
of colocynth.
=COL'OPHENE.= Formed by distilling oil of turpentine with concentrated
sulphuric acid. A colourless, viscid, oily liquid; with a high
boiling-point; and exhibiting a bluish tint by reflected light.
=COL'OPHONY.= See RESIN.
=COLORADO BEETLE.= _Syn._ _Doryphera decemlineata._ The Colorado potato
beetle belongs to the family _Chrysomelidæ_, and is a native of the
eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. It measures nearly half an inch in
length, and has a tawny or yellowish cream-coloured body, darkly spotted;
with wing cases which are marked with ten black longitudinal stripes. It
has been gradually migrating eastward toward the more cultivated lands of
the Northern states, until it has reached the Atlantic coast. It is now
found over all the central and northern parts of the United States east of
the Rocky Mountains, as well as throughout Canada, on the potato crops of
all of which regions it has committed incalculable ravages. The leaves and
stalks are the parts of the potato plant principally attacked; the
depredators being, for the most part, the larvæ, of which three broods are
said to be produced annually.
In America, we believe, the only means of destroying these insects as well
as their eggs and larvæ consists in the application to the plant of the
highly poisonous and dangerous pigment, Scheele's green, a hydrated
arsenite of copper. M. Girard recommends in preference to the arsenical
salt a liberal use of sulpho-carbonate of potash.
=COLOUR BLINDNESS.= _Syn._ DAL'TONISM. A curious defect of vision, from
which the eye is incapable of distinguishing colours. It is of three
kinds:--1. An inability to distinguish any colour properly so called, the
person being only able to distinguish white and black, light and shade. 2.
An inability to distinguish between the primary colours, red, blue, and
yellow, or between these and the secondary or tertiary hues, such as
green, purple, orange, and brown. 3. An inability to distinguish nicer
shades and hues, as greys and neutral tints. The first form is rare; the
second and third are common. Dr George Wilson found that of 1154 persons
examined by him in Edinburgh, 65, or 1 in 177, were colour blind; of
these, 21 confounded red with green, 19 brown with green, and 25 blue with
green.
=COL'OURING.= _Syn._ BRANDY COLOURING, BREWER'S C., SPIRIT C. CAR'AMEL;
ESSEN'TIA BI'NA, L. _Prep._ Brown sugar is melted in an iron vessel over
the fire until it grows black and bitter, stirring it well all the time,
after which water is added, and it is boiled to a syrup. In the making of
brandy colouring white sugar is more frequently used.
_Obs._ Some persons use lime-water to dissolve the burnt sugar. Care must
be taken not to overburn it, as a greater quantity is thereby rendered
insoluble. The heat should not exceed 430°, nor be less than about 400°
Fahr. The process, for nice experiments, is best conducted in a bath of
melted tin, to which a little bismuth has been added to reduce its
melting-point to about 435°; a little powdered resin or charcoal or a
little oil being put upon the surface of the metal, to prevent the
oxidisement of the alloy. See CARAMEL.
=COL'OURS.= White light from the sun is of a compound nature, and may be
decomposed into rays of different colours. Newton distinguished seven
PRIMITIVE COLOURS, namely, violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange,
and red. Sir D. Brewster is disposed to think that four of these colours
are really compound, and that three, namely, blue, yellow, and red, alone
deserve the name of primitive. The colours of natural objects are supposed
to result from the power possessed by their surfaces of absorbing some of
the coloured rays of light, while they reflect or transmit, as the case
may be, the remainder of the rays. Thus, an object appears red because it
absorbs or causes to disappear the yellow and blue rays composing the
white light by which it is illuminated. Black and white are not colours,
strictly speaking.
A body is said to be black when it absorbs or quenches a large proportion
of all the rays of white light falling upon it. A body is said to be white
when it receives the white light, and reflects all the rays with moderate
strength. Grey may be regarded as a luminous black or dark white. The
names given to colours are far from being satisfactory, for although many
thousand shades may be distinguished by a practised eye, it is a question
whether there are fifty names which would convey the same idea of shade to
any ten colourists in the world. The names taken from natural coloured
objects, as indigo, violet, orange, lilac, amber, emerald, &c., are the
least objectionable. M. Chevreul has devised an ingenious system of naming
and classifying colours. He employs only 6 fundamental names, which are
those of the three elementary colours, red, yellow, and blue; and of the
three secondary colours, orange, green, and violet. By the direct union of
the elementary and secondary colours, 6 tertiary colours are formed. He
arranges the twelve colours in a circle, like the spokes of a wheel,
commencing with the red, and going to the right, thus:--Red, red-orange,
orange, yellow-orange, yellow, yellow-green, green, blue-green, blue,
blue-violet, violet, red-violet. The chromatic circle is completed by
placing 5 shades between the red and red-orange, 5 between the red-orange
and orange; and so on between each of the other couples. This chromatic
circle of 72 colours is not imaginary, but actually exists, composed of
dyed wools. The shades are distinguished by numbers; thus there are red, 1
red, 2 red, 3 red, 4 red, and 5 red, &c. Each of the 72 shades has,
moreover, 20 different degrees of depth, from the lightest that can be
discerned from pure white to the most intense depth, approaching to brown
and black. These degrees of depth are called tones or tints. The addition
of these tones to the chromatic circle brings up the number of tints to
1440. To indicate any one of these tints we have merely to write the
number of the shade, and after it the number of the tone, as, for example,
3 blue-violet, 13 tone. By mixing each of the 1440 tints with grey or
black, so as to darken it in different degrees, a total of 14,440 colours
may be defined. This part of the system is generally regarded as
unnecessary. Mr O'Neill, in his valuable 'Dictionary of Calico Printing
and Dyeing' (to which work we refer the reader for a full account of
Chevreul's classification), gives a long list of colours and coloured
bodies, which are pretty well defined in common language with the names of
the colours, according to this ingenious system. We select from this list
the following examples:--
Amber in mass = 2 orange, 12 tone.
Amethyst = 5 blue-violet, from 3 to 16 tone.
Blood, ox = 1 red, 13 and 14 tones.
Butter = yellow-orange, 2 to 3 tone.
Carrot = orange, 7 tone.
Chocolate in cake = 5 orange, 18 tone.
Emerald = 2 green, 11 tone.
Green, apple = 4 yellow-green, 8 tone.
Isabelle = 1 yellow-orange.
Mauve = 3 violet, 8 tone.
Red-lead = yellow-orange, 20 tone.
Ruby = red, 11 tone.
Yellow, canary = 1 yellow, 6 tone.
For notices of DYES, PIGMENTS, &c., refer to the principal colours.
=Colours, Cake.= _Syn._ ARTISTS' COLOURS. These are made by grinding by
means of a glass muller and a slab, the respective pigments previously
reduced to powder, into a smooth paste with equal parts of isinglass size,
and thin gum water. The paste is then compressed into squares as tightly
as possible, and dried with a very gentle heat. Old crumbling cake colours
should be powdered very finely in a biscuit-ware mortar, sifted through
fine muslin, and ground up as above, the gum water being omitted. The
powders rubbed up with honey to the consistence of cream constitute moist
colours.
=Colours, Complement'ary.= _Syn._ ACCIDENT'AL COLOURS. Colours are said to
be complementary to each other which, by blending together, produce the
perception of whiteness. According to Mayer, all colours are produced by
the admixture of red, yellow, and blue light, in certain proportions; and
by intercepting either one or more of these coloured rays in a beam of
light, those which meet the eye will consist of the remaining coloured
rays of the spectrum. Thus, by intercepting the red rays in a beam of
white light, the remaining yellow and blue rays will produce a green
colour; by intercepting the blue rays, the remaining yellow and red will
give an orange; and so on of other cases; so that red and green, blue and
orange, are COMPLEMENTARY COLOURS. If we look for some time, with one eye,
on a bright-coloured object, as a wafer, placed on a piece of paper, and
subsequently turn the same eye to another part of the paper, a similarly
shaped spot or mark will be seen, but the colour will vary, though it will
be always the same under like circumstances. Thus, if the original spot or
wafer be of a red colour, the imaginary one will be green; if black, it
will be white; the imaginary colour being always complementary of that
first gazed upon. The colour so perceived is often called an ACCIDENTAL
COLOUR, to distinguish it from the real colour. It is a general maxim in
design that "colours look brightest when near their complementary
colours."
=Colours, Drug'gists' Show.= See SHOW BOTTLES.
=Colours, Flame.= See FIRES (Coloured).
=COLTS'FOOT.= This popular herb is the _Tussilago farfara_ of Linnæus. It
is a demulcent bitter, and is slightly stomachic and tonic. It is much
esteemed by the lower classes in coughs, shortness of breath, and other
affections of the chest. The leaves form the basis of most of the British
herb tobaccos, and have been recommended to be smoked in asthma and
difficulty of breathing.--_Dose._ One or two wine-glassfuls of the tea or
decoction (1 oz. to the pint) _ad libitum_.
=COLUM'BIC ACID.= See TANTALIC ACID.
=COLUM'BIUM.= See TANTALUM.
=COMA.= A deep, heavy sleep, from which the patient cannot be aroused. See
APOPLEXY.
=COMACHROME FOR DYEING THE HAIR BLACK.= Nitrate of silver solution, with
pyrogallic acid. (Reveil).
=COMBINA'TION.= In _chemistry_, the union of dissimilar substances. The
great general laws which regulate all chemical combinations admit of being
laid down in a manner at once simple and concise. The laws of COMBINATION
BY WEIGHT are as follows:
"1. All chemical compounds are definite in their nature, the ratio of
their elements being constant.
"2. When any body is capable of uniting with a second in several
proportions, these proportions bear a simple relation to each other.
"3. If a body, A, unite with other bodies, B, C, D, the quantities of B,
C, D, which unite with A, represent the relations in which they unite
among themselves, in the event of union taking place.
"4. The combining quantity of a compound is the sum of the combining
quantities of its components." (Fownes.)
There is a remarkable relation between the specific gravity of a body in
the gaseous state and its chemical equivalent or combining proportion--a
relation of such a kind that quantities by weight of the various gases,
expressed by their equivalents, or, in other words, quantities by weight
which combine occupy, under similar circumstances of pressure and
temperature, either equal volumes or volumes bearing a simple proportion
to each other. This relation accounts for the law of COMBINATION BY VOLUME
discovered by Gay-Lussac, and thus expressed:--
When gases combine, chemical union invariably takes place, either between
equal volumes or between volumes which bear a simple relation to each
other.
Gerhardt assumes that equal volumes of the elementary gases and vapours,
when compared under similar conditions of pressure and temperature,
contain the same number of atoms. Consult the chemical works of Fownes,
Roscoe, Watts, &c. See AFFINITY, ATOMIC THEORY, EQUIVALENTS, &c.
=COMPOUND CHINESE TABLET OF ALABASTER= (John Irvine). A cosmetic powder
for the skin. It consists of chalk, free from injurious metals.
(Chandler).
=Compound Chinese Tablet of Alabaster= (Shand). Identical in use and
composition with the last-mentioned powder.
=COMPOUND SUGAR-COATED MAY-APPLE PILLS= (Dr Scott). Recommended as
"antibilious, cathartic, chemical family pills." Sugar-coated pills,
consisting of bitter extract, powdered podophyllum root, rhubarb, jalap,
and pepper. (Hager).
=COMPRESSES DESINFECTANTES DE LE PERDRIEL.= Charcoal powder incorporated
with paper.
=CONCENTRATED CASTOR OIL in Capsules of Gelatin= (Taylor). 24 gelatin
capsules filled with castor oil, containing ·5 per cent. of croton oil.
(Hager).
=CONCENTRA'TION.= The volatilisation of part of a liquid in order to
increase the strength of the remainder. The operation can only be
performed on solutions of substances of greater fixity than the menstrua
in which they are dissolved. Many of the liquid acids, solutions of the
alkalies, &c., are concentrated by distilling off their water.
In _pharmacy_, the term CONCENTRATED is commonly applied to any liquid
preparation possessing more than the usual strength. Thus, we have
concentrated infusions, decoctions, liquors, solutions, tinctures, and
essences, most of which are made of 8 times the common strength. This is
generally effected by using 8 times the usual quantity of the ingredients,
with a given portion of the menstruum, and operating by digestion and
percolation; the latter being generally adopted when the articles are
bulky. When the menstruum is water, a little spirit is added, to make the
product keep. See DECOCTION, INFUSION, &c.
=CON'CRETE.= A compact mass or cement, composed of pebbles, lime, and
sand, employed in the foundations of buildings. The best proportions have
been said to be--60 parts of coarse pebbles, 25 of rough sand, and 15 of
lime; but Semple recommends 80 parts of pebbles, 40 parts of river sand,
and only 10 parts of lime. The pebbles for concrete should not exceed
about 1/2 lb. each in weight.
=CON'DIMENTS.= Substances taken with the food, to season or improve its
flavour, or to render it more wholesome or digestible. The principal
condiments are COMMON SALT, VINEGAR, LEMON-JUICE, SPICES, AROMATIC HERBS,
OIL, BUTTER, SUGAR, HONEY, and SAUCES. Most of these, in moderation,
promote the appetite and digestion, but their excessive use tends to
vitiate the gastric juice, and injure the stomach.
=CONDY'S FLUID= (from England). A weak solution of permanganate of soda.
(Wittstein.)
=CONFEC'TION.= _Syn._ CONFECTIO, L. Anything prepared with sugar; a
sweetmeat, or candy. In _medicine_ the name is commonly applied to
substances, usually pulverulent, mixed up to the consistence of a soft
electuary, with powdered sugar, syrup, or honey. In the 'London
Pharmacop[oe]ia' (1836 and 1851) both CONSERVES and ELECTUARIES are
included under this head, though there appears to be some little
distinction between them.
In the preparation of confections all the dry ingredients should be
reduced to very fine powder, and passed through a sieve, not coarser than
80 holes to the inch; and the pulps and syrups used to mix them up should
be perfectly homogeneous, and of a proper consistence. The mixture should
be intimate and complete, in order that the characteristic constituents
may be equally distributed throughout the mass. The consistence of the
newly made confection should be sufficiently solid to prevent a separation
of the ingredients, and yet soft enough to allow of it being easily
swallowed without previous mastication.
Confections should be preserved in stone jars covered with writing paper,
and placed in a cool and not too dry a situation. Without this precaution
they are apt to mould on the top. If at any time the mass ferments and
swells up, the fermentative process may be arrested by placing the jar in
a bath of boiling water, for an hour or two, or until the whole becomes
pretty hot; when it should be removed from the heat, and stirred
occasionally until cold. Should the sugar crystallise out of the
confection, or 'candy,' as it is called, the same method may be followed.
Or, the mass may be well rubbed in a mortar until the hard lumps of sugar
are broken down and a uniform consistence again produced. On the large
scale it may be passed through the mill.
As remedial agents, the officinal confections possess little value, and
are chiefly used as vehicles for the administration of more active
medicines. See CONSERVES and ELECTUARIES.
=Confection of Acorns.= _Syn._ CONFEC'TIO SEM'INUM QUER'CUS, L. _Prep._
(Bories.) Powdered acorns, 3 oz.; red coral and catechu, of each 1-1/2
oz.; confection of dog-rose, 10 oz.; syrup of red roses, q. s. to make a
confection.--_Dose_, 1 dr., every 4 hours; in chronic diarrh[oe]a, &c.
=Confection of Almonds.= _Syn._ ALMOND PASTE, CONSERVE OF ALMONDS;
CONFEC'TIO AMYG'DALÆ (Ph. L.), CONSER'VA AMYGDALA'RUM (Ph. E.), CONFEC'TIO
AMYGDALA''RUM (Ph. D. 1826), L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Sweet almonds, 8 oz.;
white sugar, 4 oz.; powdered gum Arabic, 1 oz.; macerate the almonds in
cold water, then remove the skins, and beat them with the other
ingredients until reduced to a smooth confection. The Ph. E. form is
similar. See POWDERS, COMPOUND POWDER OF ALMOND.
_Uses, &c._ To prepare EMULSION of MILK OF ALMONDS. A little of this paste
or powder, triturated with a sufficient portion of water and strained
through a piece of calico, forms emulsion of almonds. "This confection
will keep longer sound if the almonds, first decorticated (blanched),
dried, and rubbed into the finest powder, be mixed with the acacia and
sugar, separately powdered, and the mixed ingredients be kept in a
well-stoppered bottle." (Ph. L.) The same effect may be arrived at by
simply well drying the blanched almonds before mixing them with the gum
and sugar. The addition of even a small quantity of water or syrup causes
the confection "to become soon mouldy, or rancid, or both." (Brande.)
=Confection of Al'um.= _Syn._ CONFECTIO ALU'MINIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (St. B.
H.) Alum (in fine powder), 1 dr.; conserve of roses, 6 dr.
2. (Foy.) Alum, 1 dr.; conserve of roses, 1 oz.--_Dose_, 1 dr., 2 or 3
times a day; in lead colic, and as an astringent in diarrh[oe]a and other
affections.
=Confection, Aromat'ic.= _Syn._ AROMATIC ELEC'TUARY; CONFEC'TIO AROMAT'ICA
(Ph. L. & D.), ELECTUA''RIUM AROMAT'ICUM (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.)
Nutmegs, cinnamon, and hay saffron, of each 2 oz.; cloves, 1 oz.;
cardamoms, 1/2 oz.; prepared chalk, 16 oz.; white sugar, 2 lbs.; reduce
the whole to a very fine powder, and keep it in a closed vessel. When
wanted for use, mix it with water to the consistence of a confection.
2. (Ph. E.) Aromatic powder (Ph. E.), 1 part; syrup of orange peel, 2
parts; mix.
3. (Ph. D.) Aromatic powder and simple syrup, of each 5 oz.; clarified
honey, 2 oz.; powdered saffron, 1/2 oz.; mix, and add, oil of cloves, 30
drops.
4. (Commercial.)--_a._ Hay-saffron, cassia, and turmeric, of each 4 oz.;
cardamoms, 1 oz.; starch, 8 oz.; precipitated chalk, 2 lbs.; white sugar,
4 lbs.; oil of nutmeg, 2 dr.; oil of cloves, 3 dr.; reduce the dry
ingredients to fine powder, and pass it through a sieve (80 holes); then
add the oils, and after well mixing them in, pass the whole through a
coarse sieve (about 40 holes to the inch), to ensure perfect admixture.
_b._ Hay-saffron, 4 oz.; turmeric, 3 oz.; powdered starch, 8 oz.;
precipitated chalk, 2 lbs.; white sugar, 4 lbs; oil of cloves and cassia,
of each 3 dr.; oil of nutmeg, 2 dr.; essence of cardamoms, 1 oz.; boil the
saffron and turmeric in 1 gallon of water, placed in a bright copper pan,
for 10 minutes, then, without straining, add the chalk, starch, and sugar;
mix well, and continue stirring until the mixture becomes quite stiff,
then break it up, dry it thoroughly by the heat of a steam or water bath;
next reduce it to fine powder, which must be passed through a fine sieve,
as before; the oils and tincture are now to be added, and after being well
mixed, and passed through a coarse sieve, it should be placed in a jar or
bottle, and bunged up close. Very bright coloured.
_Obs._ In the wholesale trade this article is kept under two forms--one,
in powder, as ordered by the College, and commonly called for distinction
sake PULV'IS CONFECTIO'NIS AROMAT'ICÆ; the other, mixed up ready for use.
In preparing the latter, it is a common plan to make a strong infusion or
decoction of the saffron, and to use it to mix up the other ingredients,
adding the aromatics last. (See 4, _b._) When the price of precipitated
chalk is an objection to its use, prepared chalk may be used instead.
There is much anxiety evinced by the wholesale druggists to prepare this
confection of a rich colour, without an undue expenditure of saffron,
which is generally economised on account of its costliness. This
confection is cordial, stimulant, antacid, and carminative.--_Dose_, 10 to
60 gr., either as a bolus or stirred up with a glass of water; in
diarrh[oe]a, acidity of stomach, heartburn, and any like affection, if
accompanied by looseness of the bowels. In diarrh[oe]a, English cholera,
and flatulent colic, 1/4 gr. of powdered opium may be added to each dose.
See POWDERS, POWDER OF CHALK, COMPOUND.
=Confection of Bark.= _Syn._ CONFEC'TIO CINCHO'NÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Yellow
bark and white sugar, of each 1 oz.; capsicum, 1 dr.; simple syrup, 4 oz.
2. (St. B. Hosp.) Yellow bark, 6 dr.; ginger, 1/2 dr.; treacle, 3-1/2
oz.--_Dose_, 1 to 6 dr., where the use of bark is indicated.
=Confection of Cas'sia.= _Syn._ CONFEC'TIO CAS'SIÆ (Ph. L.), L. _Prep._
(Ph. L.) Prepared cassia, 1/2 lb.; manna, 2 oz.; prepared tamarinds, 1
oz.; syrup of roses, 8 fl. oz.; mix with heat, and evaporate to a proper
consistence.--_Dose_, 2 dr. to 6 dr.; or more, as a laxative.
=Confection of Cat'echu.= _Syn._ CONFEC'TIO CAT'ECHU COMPOS'ITA (Ph. D.),
L. _Prep._ (Ph. D.) Compound powder of catechu, 5 oz.; simple syrup, 5 fl.
oz.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 20 gr.; as an astringent, in diarrh[oe]a, &c.;
either alone or combined with chalk.
=Confection of Copai'ba.= _Syn._ CONFEC'TIO COPAI'BÆ, L. _Prep._ 1.
(Berton.) Copaiba and powdered cubebs, of each 2 oz.; alum, 1 oz.; opium,
5 gr.; mix well.
2. (Swediaur.) Turpentine, 1 oz.; copaiba, 1/2 oz.; mix; add mucilage of
gum Arabic, 1 oz.; triturate to an emulsion, and further add, conserve of
roses, 4 oz.
3. (Traill.) Copaiba, 2 oz.; oatmeal, q. s. to form an electuary; then
add, conserve of roses, 1 oz.
4. (Voght.) Copaiba and powdered cubebs, of each 4-1/2 dr.; yolk of 1 egg;
conserve of roses, 1/2 oz. All the above are excellent medicines in
gonorrh[oe]a.--_Dose_, 1 to 3 dr., three or four times a day, made into
boluses, and covered with the fresh emptied skin of a prune before being
swallowed; in gonorrh[oe]a, gleet, &c.
=Confection of Cream of Tar'tar.= _Syn._ CONFECTION OF BITAR'TRATE OF
POTAS'SA; CONFEC'TIO POTAS'SÆ BITARTRA'TIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Cream of tartar
and powdered sugar, of each 1 oz.; simple syrup, 2 oz.; 1 nutmeg,
grated.--_Dose_, 2 dr. to 6 dr.
2. (St. B. Hosp.) Bitartrate of potassa and simple syrup, of each 3 oz.;
ginger, 1 dr.--_Dose_, 1-1/2 dr. to 5 dr. Both are laxatives well adapted
for women and children.
=Confection of Hem'lock.= _Syn._ CONFEC'TIO CO'NII, L. _Prep._ (Marshall
Hall.) Fresh hemlock leaves beaten up with an equal weight of
sugar.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr. as a bolus, 2 or 3 times daily, where the use
of hemlock is indicated. The confection of other narcotic plants may be
made in the same way.
=Confection of Hips.= _Syn._ CON'SERVE OF HIPS, CONFECTION OF DOG-ROSE,
CONSERVE OF D.-R.; CONFEC'TIO RO'SÆ; CANI'NÆ (Ph. L.), CONSER'VA ROS'Æ
FRUC'TÛS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Hips, 1 part; refined sugar, 2
parts; beat the hips in a stone mortar, rub the pulp through a sieve, add
the sugar, and mix thoroughly.--_Dose_, 60 grains or more.
2. (Ph. L.) Fruit of the dog-rose, without the seeds (carpels), 1 lb.;
pound it to a pulp, add, gradually, powdered white sugar, 20 oz.; and beat
them together until thoroughly incorporated.