=Bath, Foot.= _Syn._ PEDILU'VIUM, L. Warm (or hot). Revulsive,
counter-irritant; in colds, menstrual and hæmorrhoidal suppressions,
rheumatism, stiffness of the ankles, tender feet, &c. A little common
salt, flour of mustard, or sal-ammoniac, is often added to render it more
stimulant, to prevent 'taking cold,' &c. See FEET, &c.
=Bath, Gelat'inous.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM GELATINO'SUM, B. GELATIN'II, L.
Gelatin or fine Salisbury glue, 3 or 4 _lbs._; dissolved in boiling water,
2 _galls._, or q. s.; and added to a warm bath. At the 'Hospital for
Cutaneous Diseases' 8 _lbs._ of patent size are used for a bath of 30 to
35 _galls._ Emollient; formerly, but erroneously, considered nutritive.
_Used_ in skin diseases; generally combined with sulphur. See BATH,
BARÈGES.
=Bath, Glyc'erine= (gl[)i]s'). _Syn._ BAL'NEUM GLYCERIN'II, B. G.
COMPOS'ITUM, L. Glycerine, 2 _lbs._; gum arabic (dissolved), 1 _lb._ Used
as a soothing emollient, in itching, dryness, irritation, and hardness of
the skin, &c. Where expense is an object, 3 or 4 _lbs._ of good honey, and
1 _oz._ of salt of tartar, form an excellent substitute for the glycerine.
=Bath, Hem'lock.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CO'NII, L. 1. Dried hemlock-leaves (or
herb), 4 to 6 handfuls; water, 1 _gall._; infuse 2 hours, and strain. The
part to be immersed in, or bathed with, the warm infusion, observing not
to apply it if the skin is unsound; or it may be added to the water of a
bath in the usual manner. In gout, cancer, chronic rheumatism, and certain
skin diseases.
2. (Cut. Hosp.) Extract of hemlock, 2 _oz._; starch, 1 _lb._; boiling
water, 1 _gall._; dissolve. For a bath of about 30 _galls._ As the last.
=Bath, Hip.= _Syn._ COXÆLU'VIUM, L. Usually warm; sometimes fully warm, or
somewhat hot. In inflammatory, spasmodic, and chronic affections of the
abdominal and pelvic viscera; in suppressed and painful menstruation,
hæmorrhoids, strangury, prolapsus, ischuria, &c.; also as a substitute for
a full bath, when this last is contra-indicated by some affection of the
lungs, heart, brain, or great vessels. Like full baths, it may be often
advantageously medicated. See BIDET.
[Illustration]
=Bath, Hot.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CAL'IDUM, CALDA''RIUM, L.; BAIN CHAUD, Fr.
Usual temperature, 98° to 106° Fahr.
The hot bath has a remarkably tranquillising effect upon the nervous
system, producing a strong tendency to quietude and sleep. It also acts as
a powerful antispasmodic, and by determining the blood to the surface of
the body tends to relieve visceral inflammation and congestion. In chronic
affections arising from the action of cold and damp and from exhausted
energy, in stiff joints, rheumatism, neuralgia, diarrh[oe]a, and numerous
other affections, its effects are often rapid and remarkable. At high
temperatures it strongly stimulates the arterial system, and arouses
nervous energy and vital action, producing excessive excitement and
turgescence, followed by copious perspiration, which has been often found
successful in cholera, paralysis, &c. If the immersion be too long
continued, or the bath be injudiciously employed, lassitude, debility, and
somnolency ensue, and the good effect of the bath is more or less lost. In
these cases violent throbbing and painful distension of the vessels of the
head, with a distressing feeling of suffocation and anxiety, are
premonitory symptoms of impending apoplexy, an accident which sometimes,
though seldom, follows its improper use.
=Bath, Hydrochlo''rate of Ammonia.= See BATH, CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM.
=Bath, Hydrochlo''ric Acid.= _Syn._ MURIAT'IC ACID BATH; BAL'NEUM
HYDROCHLO''RICUM, B. ACIDUM H., B. MURIAT'ICUM, &c., L. Commercial
hydrochloric acid, 1 to 3 _lbs._ (in chronic liver affections); or 3 to 6
fl. oz. (in prurigo and lichen).
=Bath, Hydrosul'phuretted.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM HYDROSULPHURE'TUM, L.--1. A
tepid sulphuretted bath, with the addition of hydrochloric acid, 2 or 3
fl. _dr._, immediately before immersion. In rheumatism, chronic skin
diseases, hooping-cough, and certain forms of paralysis:--2. A tepid bath
to which 3 to 6 fl. _oz._ of (liquid) hydrosulphate of ammonia is added
immediately before use. Used as the last. It often acts almost as a
specific in hooping-cough and certain breath ailments.
=Bath, I'odine of I'ron.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM FER'RI IODI'DI, L. _Prep._
(Pierquin.) Iodide of iron, 1/2 _oz._ to 2 _oz._ In amenorrh[oe]a,
leucorrh[oe]a, chlorosis, scrofula, &c.; gradually increasing the quantity
of the iodide until 4 _oz._, or more, is used for a bath.
=Bath, I'odine.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM IODIN'II, L.:--1. Iodine, 3 to 5 _dr._;
dry siliceous sand, 2 _oz._; triturated together until reduced to fine
powder, and then agitated with the water of a tepid bath for 10 or 15
minutes. 2. (Cutan. Hosp.) Iodine, 4 _dr._; liquor of potassa, 4 _oz._;
water, 2 _pints_; dissolve; for a bath of 30 _galls._ In skin diseases
complicated with scrofula, glandular enlargements, amenorrh[oe]a, &c.
=Bath, Io'duretted.= _Syn._ IO'DURATED BATH, I'ODISED B., COMPOUND
IODINE-B., &c.; BAL'NEUM IODURE'TUM, B. IODURA'TUM*, B. POTAS''SII
SUPERIODI'DI, &c., L. Lugol, the leading authority on this subject,
employs this bath of the different strengths, &c., shown in the following
tables:--
_a._ FOR ADULTS:--
---------+------------+------------+---------------
Degree. | Iodine. | Iodide of | Water for the
| | Potassium. | bath.
---------+------------+------------+---------------
| dr. | dr. | gal.
---------+------------+------------+---------------
1 | 2 to 2-1/2 | 4 to 5 | 50
---------+------------+------------+---------------
2 | 2 " 3 | 4 " 6 | 60
---------+------------+------------+---------------
3 | 3 " 3-1/2 | 6 " 7 | 75
---------+------------+------------+---------------
_b._ FOR CHILDREN:--
---------+----------+------------+----------
Age. | Iodine. | Iodide of | Water.
| | Potassium. |
---------+----------+------------+----------
| gr. | gr. | gal.
---------+----------+------------+----------
4 to 7 | 30 to 36 | 60 to 72 | 9
---------+----------+------------+----------
7 " 11 | 48 " 72 | 96 " 144 | 18
---------+----------+------------+----------
11 " 14 | 72 " 96 | 144 " 192 | 31
---------+----------+------------+----------
[asterism] The dry ingredients of the first Table are to be dissolved in a
pint of water, and of the second, in 1/2 pint of water, before adding them
to the bath.
In scrofulous affections and the other cases in which the external use of
iodine or the iodides is indicated. Enamelled ware, stoneware, or wooden
vessels must be employed.
=Bath, Lime.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CUM CAL'CE, L. Lime, 3 _lbs._; slaked, and
added to the bath. In gout, lithic diathesis, itch, &c. See BATH, VAPOUR.
=Bath, Mercu''rial.= _Syn._ ANTISYPHILIT'IC BATH; BAL'NEUM MERCURIA'LE, B.
HYDRAR'GYRI BICHLORI'DI, B. ANTISYPHILIT'ICUM, &c., L.; BAIN MERCURIEL, B.
ANTISYPHILITIQUE, &c., Fr. Bichloride of mercury, in fine powder, 1 to 3
_dr._, hot water, 1 _pint_; agitate together until solution is complete,
before adding them to the bath, the 'water' of which (contained in an
enamelled or wooden vessel) must be soft (rain) and pure. At the 'Cutan.
Hosp.' hydrochloric acid (= 1/3rd the weight of the chloride) is commonly
added; and at the 'Fr. hospitals,' an equal, or rather more than an equal
weight, of sal-ammoniac. These additions facilitate the solution of the
chloride, and retard its decomposition by any slight impurity in the water
forming the bath.
_Uses, &c._ In syphilitic affections, either with or without skin disease;
in chronic rheumatism, swelled joints, and chronic skin diseases
generally, where the use of mercury is indicated, and the remedy is
rejected by the stomach; especially in these affections in women and
children (for the last, proportionately reduced in strength and quantity).
Also used in it, and to destroy pediculi on the body.
=Bath, Met'al.= See BATH (in _Chemistry_), FUSIBLE METAL, &c.
=Bath, Mud.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM LU'TEUM, B. LU'TI, L. Mud-bathing
(ILLUTA'TION) was common among the ancients. The slime of rivers, and the
mud on the sea-shore, were especially prized for this purpose. The Tartars
and Egyptians still employ baths of this description in hypochondriasis,
scrofula, and scurvy. At Franzenbad, in Germany, an acidulous species of
black bog-earth found there, is beaten up with warm water to a semi-liquid
consistence, and used as a bath. This is said to render the skin
satin-like and soft; and to be useful in debility, and in paralytic
affections of a gouty origin. In France, hot dung (DUNG BATH) is
occasionally used in rheumatism; and in Poland, in syphilis. The husk of
grapes and the refuse of olives, after undergoing a partial fermentation,
have been successfully employed in France against acute rheumatism.[115]
[Footnote 115: Mérat and De Lens, 'Dict. Univ. de Mat. Méd.']
=Bath, Muriat'ic.= See BATH, HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
=Bath, Mus'tard.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SINA'PIS, L.:--1. Flour of mustard, 2
_lbs._; warm water, 1 _gall._; make a thin soup; in fifteen minutes pour
it into a coarse linen bag or cloth, and press out the liquid, which is to
be stirred up with the bath. In cholera, diarrh[oe]a simulating cholera,
&c.; also to cause reaction; the patient remaining in the bath until a
somewhat painful sense of burning and irritation is experienced:--2. Flour
of mustard, 3 to 8 _oz._; as before. Used as a gentle stimulant to excite
the skin, and promote its healthy action, &c.
=Bath, Ni'tro-hydrochlo''ric.= _Syn._ AC'ID BATH[double-dagger] ([)a]s'-),
NITRO-MURIAT'IC B.*, N. A. B.*; BAL'NEUM NITRO-HYDROCHLO''RICUM. B. AC'IDI
([)a]s'-), B. A. NITRO-HYDROCHLO''RICI, B. A. NITRO-MURIAT'ICI*, &c.,
L.:--1. Water slightly acidulated with the acid, so that its sourness to
the taste is about that of common vinegar. According to Ainslie, 1 _oz._
of acid is sufficient for 1 gall. of water.[116] Other formulæ in use
are--
[Footnote 116: 'Mat. Med. Indica,' ii, 340.]
2. (Cutan. Hosp.) Nitric acid, 1-1/2 lb.; hydrochloric acid, 1 _lb._; for
a bath of 60 to 70 _galls._
3. (Soubeiran.) Nitro-hydrochloric acid, 4 to 16 fl. oz.; according to the
case.
4. (Dr Scott.) Nitric acid, 2 fl. oz.; hydrochloric acid, 3 fl. oz.;
water, 5 fl. oz.; mix. 1-1/2 to 2 _fl. oz._ to each _gall._ of water for a
general bath; 3 _fl. oz._ to the _gall._ for a foot, knee, or sponge bath.
_Uses, &c._ In its weaker forms, in skin-diseases depending on disordered
liver; in others, chiefly in liver complaints, and to relieve the pain on
the passing of gall-stones. It must be contained in an enamelled or wooden
vessel, and may be used as a hip, knee, or foot-bath; a knee-bath being
the one generally adopted in England. Dr Scott, of Bombay, who first
brought this bath into notice, once plunged the Duke of Wellington up to
his chin in one, in India, and thus cured him of a severe hepatic
affection. In its stronger form it causes tingling and pricking of the
skin, and a peculiar taste in the mouth, and affects the gums and salivary
glands, often producing plentiful ptyalism, without which, indeed, its
advocates regard its action as incomplete. Time of application, 15 to 20
minutes daily, for a fortnight or three weeks; and afterwards, every
second or third day.
=Bath, Oak-Bark.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM QUER'CÛS, B. QUER'CI, L. Oak-bark, 3 or
4 handfuls for a child; 10 to 15 for an adult; made into a decoction, and
strained with pressure into the bath. In hæmorrhoids, prolapsus,
leucorrh[oe]a, hernia, diarrh[oe]a, ill-conditioned and bleeding
ulcerations, &c. Drs Elaesser, Eberle, and Fletcher have successfully
employed it in the intermittents of infancy and childhood, tabes
mesenterica or scrofula, &c. It has also proved useful in phthisis.
=Bath, Oil.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM OLEO'SUM, L. Olive or other oil (hot),
strongly aromatised with the oils of cassia, cloves, nutmegs, cedron, and
juniper; and digested for a week on ambergris and vanilla, of each
(bruised), about 10 gr. to the gallon. Used, in the East, to anoint the
body, as a preservative against the plague and other contagious diseases;
also as a full bath or hip-bath, the immersion being for 15 to 30 minutes.
=Bath, Pneumat'ic.= See BATH, AIR.
=Bath, Saline'= (Gelatinous). _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SALI'NO-GELATINO'SUM, L.;
BAIN DE PLOMBIÈRES, Fr. _Prep._ Common salt and Flanders glue, of each 2
_lbs._; water, 1 _gall._; dissolve separately, and add the solutions to
the bath. In scrofula, &c.
=Bath, Salt.= See BATH, SALINE, BATH, SEA, &c.
=Bath, Sand.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM ARE'NÆ, L.; BAIN DE SABLE, Fr. See BATH (in
_Chemistry_), BATH, DRY, &c.
=Bath, Sea.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM MARI'NUM, L.; BAIN MARIN, Fr. Immersion in
the sea or in recent sea water (temperate, tepid, warm, or hot). Owing to
the saline matter which it contains, it possesses stimulant, alterative,
and resolvent properties, superadded to those of pure water at the
corresponding temperature. When taken, in summer, on our coasts, the
reaction and glow follow more speedily and certainly than after a common
water bath; and it may be taken with greater safety, and for a longer
period. It often proves very serviceable in diseases accompanied with
debility, in phthisis, scrofula, glandular enlargement, &c. A warm or hot
sea-water bath is one of the most restorative imaginable; often removing
the effects of fatigue and exposure--exhaustion, stiff joints, cramps,
rheumatism, &c.--like a charm. Unless under sanction of a medical man,
boys and girls should never be allowed to bath in the sea after the end of
September. See BATH (_above_), WATERS, &c.
=Bath, Sea.= (Factitious). _Syn._ BAL'NEUM MARI'NUM FACTI''TIUM, L.
Artificial sea-water, or rather a substitute for sea-water, for this
purpose, is commonly prepared by adding about 3% of common salt to
ordinary water.[117] The following are, however, more serviceable
imitations:--
[Footnote 117:
Or (say) for small quantities--
1-1/4 _oz._ to the quart;
5 _oz._ to the gallon.
And for large quantities, as a full bath--
2 _lbs._ to every 7 gallons.]
1. As above, with the addition of 1 _dr._ of iodide of potassium to every
3 or 4 galls. of water.
2. (Cutan. Hosp.). Common salt, 8 _lbs._; sulphate of magnesia, 2 _lbs._;
chloride of calcium, 1 lb.; water, 50 to 60 _galls._
3. Salt, a handful; water, a pailful; flour of mustard, 1 _oz._ For a
foot-bath.
=Bath, Show'er.= _Syn._ IMPLU''VIUM, BAL'NEUM PEN'SILE, &c., L.; DOUCHE,
Fr. Similar in its effects to the cold bath or plunge-bath; but without
many of its advantages. It is less alarming to nervous persons, and less
liable to produce cramp, than immersion in cold water; whilst the reaction
or glow follows more speedily and certainly. It is considered the best and
safest mode of cold bathing, and is often highly serviceable in nervous
affections. A good plan is to allow the water to remain in the bedroom all
night, by which any undue degree of coldness is removed. Tepid water may
be commenced with; and at first, in extreme cases, the patient may stand
in hot or warm water at the time of taking the bath. The reaction
following its use is greatly promoted by friction of the surface with dry
rough towels.
[Illustration]
=Bath, Soap.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SAPO'NIS, L. White soap, 2 to 3 _lbs._;
water, 3 _quarts_; dissolve by heat, and add it to a warm bath. Detergent,
lubricating, and discutient; in itch and other skin diseases, &c.
=Bath, Spon''ging= (sp[)u]nje'-). This title explains itself. In the
sponging bath exercise and ablution are combined, and its employment by
persons of sedentary habit is highly advantageous.
=Bath, Sulphur.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SUL'PHURIS, L. 1. Flowers of sulphur, 1/2
to 1 _lb._; water, a pailful; mix, agitate occasionally for 12 to 24
hours, and then add the whole to an ordinary bath. Useful in various mild,
but obstinate, skin diseases. Its occasional employment, even in health,
seldom fails to render the skin soft, smooth, and delicate. Soap may be
used with it.
2. (Compound; B. S. COMPOS'ITUM, L.)--_a._ (Cutan. Hosp.) Precipitated
sulphur, 2 _lbs._; hyposulphite of soda, 1/2 _lb._; water, 1 _gall._;
dissolve, and add of sulphuric acid, 1 _dr._ One pint to every 30 _galls._
of water. In various skin diseases (see _below_).
_b._ See BATH, SULPHURETTED.
=Bath, Sul'phurous.= _Syn._ SUL'PHUROUS ACID BATH; BAL'NEUM SULPHURO'SUM,
B. SUL'PHURIS[double-dagger], L. From sulphur, 1/2 _oz._, sprinkled on a
hot plate placed under or near the patient; the proper precautions being
taken as directed under CHLORINE BATH. In itch, lepra, psoriasis, &c.
Cleanly, but seldom used, chiefly on account of the number of baths
required to prove serviceable. See BATH, SULPHURETTED.
=Bath, Sul'phuretted.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SULPHURET'UM, B. SULPHURA'TUM, B.
SULPHU''REUM, &c., L.; BAIN SULFURÉ, &c., Fr. 1 Sulphurated potash, 1
_oz._; for every 10 or 12 _galls._ of water employed. Sometimes
sulphurated soda, or (in the Ger. hosp.) suphurated lime, is the
sulphur-salt employed. 1/2 _dr._ of sulphuric acid is also occasionally
added to the bath; but this increases its f[oe]tor, without adding much,
if anything, to its curative power; whilst, without care, the evolved gas
may impede respiration.
2. (Gelatinous; GELAT'INO-SUL'PHUROUS B.; B. S. GELATINO'SUM, L.) Flanders
glue, 1-1/2 to 2 _lbs._; dissolved and added to a 'sulphuretted bath.'
Recommended, by Dupuytren, as a substitute for the 'Barèges bath.'
_Obs._ The sulphur or sulphuretted bath, under any of its forms, is a
powerful remedy in almost every description of skin disease. Leprosy, the
most obstinate of all, has been completely cured by it; the common itch
requires only one or two applications to eradicate it entirely; all the
scurfy and moist skin affections, local irritation, pimples, inflammatory
patches, &c., speedily yield to its influence; scrofula, and, indeed,
_all_ those affections in which the warm or vapour bath is serviceable,
also derive powerful assistance from the sulphur bath.
=Bath, Tem'perate.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM TEMPERA'TUS*, L.
=Bath, Tep'id.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM TEP'IDUM, B. EGEL'IDUM, TEPIDA''RIUM, L.;
BAIN TIÈDE &c., Fr. Approaches the warm bath in its hygiènic and medical
properties; and is, perhaps the one best adapted for the mere purposes
of personal cleanliness. In the spacious public tepid baths of London,
swimming may be safely indulged in even in cold weather.
=Bath, Tum'ble.= An obsolete form of the shower bath.
=Bath, Turk'ish.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM TUR'CICUM, L. A hot vapour bath or
sweating bath, with massing or shampooing, ending with a warm bath or warm
ablutions and friction. The EGYPTIAN, PERSIAN, and RUSSIAN BATHS are
essentially similar. In the ANGLO-TURKISH BATH, recently introduced to
this country, hot dry air wholly takes the place of vapour. See BATH, AIR
(_antè_).
=Bath, Turpentine.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM TEREBINTHINA'TUM, L. _Prep._ (Dr T.
Smith.) Camphine (rectified oil of turpentine), 1/4 to 1/2 pint; Scotch
soda, 2 lbs.; oil of rosemary, 1/2 dr.; for an adult. It calms the pulse,
softens the skin, and renders the perspiration freer.
=Bath, Va'pour.= _Syn._ DEW'-BATH*; BAL'NEUM VA'PORIS, B. RO''RIS[dagger],
AS'SA SUDA'TIO, A. VAPORA'TIO, VAPORA''RIUM*, L.; BAIN DE VAPEURS, Fr. The
vapour of hot water, either pure or medicated.
The simplest form of vapour bath is, perhaps, produced by placing some wet
cloths, or sprinkling a little water on two or three heated bricks, laid
under a chair on which the patient is seated; both the patient and whole
apparatus being covered with a sheet or blanket, or, better still, a
spacious waterproof cloak, to keep in the heated vapour. A large lump of
quick-lime, set in a pan or an old iron pot and sprinkled with a little
water, or else wrapped up in a thick coarse towel which has been
previously soaked in water, may be substituted for the hot bricks; and
often advantageously so. The slaking of the lime and the consequent
evolution of vapour may be kept up or renewed, when necessary, by
sprinkling on a little more water. This forms the "POOR MAN'S VAPOUR BATH"
of the French. Dr Serres has suggested, as something apparently original,
that a lump of quick-lime, wrapped in a wet cloth and covered with a dry
one, be placed on each side of the patient;[118] and the whole being
covered up allowed to remain until copious perspiration is established. It
must, however, be recollected that by none of these minor contrivances can
the temperature of the vapour, and its supply, be regulated, as in a
perfect bath, even a portable one, such as is shown in the _engraving_.
[Footnote 118: "In bed" (!), says the Dr; but surely one who could only
afford such a bath would find it difficult to obtain a fresh, dry bed;
whilst it would be equally improper for him to lie in a wet or damp one.]
[Illustration]