[Illustration: FIG. 8.--FINE CUT PILE LAHORE CARPET (c. 1664)
BELONGING TO GIRDLERS' COMPANY IN LONDON. OF PERSIAN DESIGN.]
[Illustration: FIG. 9.--CORNER OF A CUT PILE CARPET OF PERSIAN
MANUFACTURE, 16TH CENTURY.]
[Illustration: FIG. 10.--CUT PILE CARPET OF SPANISH MANUFACTURE, EARLY
16TH CENTURY.]
BIBLIOGRAPHY.--(1) _An Account of the New Manufactory of Tapestry
after the manner of that at the Gobelins; and of Carpets after the
manner of that at Chaillot, &c., now undertaken at Fulham, by Mr Peter
Parisot_ (London, Dodsley, 1753, 8vo). This is probably the only
account of carpet-making in England during the 18th century; it is of
peculiar interest in that respect, and as containing a statement that
"the Manufacture of Chaillot is altogether of wool, and worked in the
manner of Velvet. All sorts of Figures of Men and Animals may be
imitated in this work; but Fruits and Flowers answer better; and the
properest employment for this Art is to make Carpets and all sorts of
Skreens." (2) _Essai sur l'histoire et la situation actuelle de
l'industrie des tapisseries et tapis_, by W. Chocqueel (Paris, 1863).
(3) Vol. xi. of _Reports on the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867_,
containing "Report on Carpets, Tapestry and other stuffs for
Furniture," by Matthew Digby Wyatt, F.S.A. (1868). In reviewing the
modern products shown at the exhibition, Sir Digby Wyatt discusses at
some length the aesthetics of carpet design. (4) _British
Manufacturing Industries_, edited by G. Phillips Bevan, "Carpets," by
Christopher Fresser (London, 1876). (5) _Altorientalische
Teppichmuster nach Bildern und Originalen des xv.-xvi. Jahrhunderts_,
by Julius Lessing (Berlin, 1877). Numerous references are made in this
illustrated work to the carpet designs that occur in paintings by
Italian and Flemish masters. (6) _Eastern Carpets_, by Vincent J.
Robinson, with water-colour drawings by E. Julia Robinson (London,
1882, large 4to). In this publication, which precedes by nine or
ten years the more learned works by Riegl and Bode, there are two
examples, one ascribed to the manufactory at Alcaraz in La Mancha, and
one to the supposed manufactory of the 17th century at Warsaw. By the
light of later and more complete investigations Mr Robinson's
ascriptions are scarcely borne out. (7) _Oriental Carpets_, by Herbert
Coxon (London, 1884, 8vo). (8) _Altorientalische Teppiche_, by Alois
Riegl (Leipzig, 1891); a useful book of reference (containing
thirty-six illustrations) of manufacturing, archaeological and
artistic interest. (9) _Jahrbuch der kunsthistorischen Sammlungen des
Allerhochsten Kaiserhauses_, vol. xiii. (Wien, 1892). Containing an
important and finely illustrated article, "Altere orientalische
Teppiche aus dem Besitze des Allerhochsten Kaiserhauses," by Alois
Riegl, in the course of which comparisons are made between the designs
in Persian MS. illustrations, in engraved metal work and those of
carpets. (10) _Oriental Carpets_, published by the Austrian Commercial
Museum (English edition by C. Purdon Clarke) (Vienna, 1892-1896). This
contains a series of monographs by I.M. Stockel, Smyrna; Dr William
Bode, Berlin; Vincent Robinson, London; M. Gerspach, Paris; T.A.
Churchill, Tehran; Sir George Birdwood, London; C. Purdon Clarke,
London; and Alois Riegl, Vienna, and a preface by A. von Scala,
Vienna, (n) _Ancient Oriental Carpets_, a supplement to the above,
four parts containing twenty-five plates with text (Leipzig, 1906,
large folio). (12) _Vorderasiatische Knupfteppiche aus alterer Zeit_,
by Wilhelm Bode (Leipzig, 1901). This learned treatise gives _inter
alia_ suggestive notes upon the production of the so-called Polish
carpets and of Spanish carpets. (13) _Ein orientalischer Teppich vom
Jahre 1202 und die altesten orientalischen Teppiche_, by Alois Riegl
(Berlin, 1895). A coloured illustration is given of a pile curtain
with a triple niche design and an Armenian inscription that it was
made by "Gorzi the Artist" to the glory of the church of St
Hripsime--an Armenian martyr. The date 651 appears in the inscription,
but Riegl adduces valid reasons for reading it as the equivalent of
A.D. 1202. Another pile carpet of conventional garden design, probably
not of earlier manufacture than 14th century, is also illustrated and
carefully discussed, especially in connexion with the appearance in it
of well-authenticated Sassanid devices--streams with fishes and birds,
&c. (14) _Report on Carpets at the Paris Exhibition of 1900_, by
Ferdinand Leborgne (1901, 8vo). (15) _Oriental Rugs_, by John Kimberly
Mumford (London, 1901), contains twenty-four colour-plate and autotype
reproductions of rugs and eight photo-engravings of phases of the rug
industry--amongst which latter are: "A Nomad Studio," "Kurdish Girls
at the Loom," "Boy Weavers of Tabriz," and a "Rug Market in Iran."
(16) _Rugs, Oriental and Occidental_, by Rosa Belle Holt (Chicago,
1901), well illustrated, with colour-plate reproductions of various
types of rugs, including less known Chinese and Navajo specimens. (17)
_The Art Workers' Quarterly_, vol. iii. No. II, July 1904; article on
the pile carpet belonging to the Worshipful Company of Girdlers of the
City of London, by A.F. Kendrick, with a colour-plate of this
remarkable carpet, made to the order of the master of the company in
1634 at Lahore. (18) _Journal of Indian Art and Industry: Indian
Carpets and Rugs_ (parts 87 to 94) (London, 1905 and 1906). Upwards of
ninety-nine illustrations of many varieties of Indian and Persian
carpets are given in this publication, a large number showing debased
versions of fine designs, e.g. some from the Punjab, Warangal,
Mirzapur and Elura; those from Yarkand exhibit Tatar and Chinese
influences. (19) _A History of Oriental Carpets before 1800_, by F.R.
Martin, published by the State Printing Office in Vienna (Bernard
Quaritch, London, 1906). This contains a series of excellent
reproductions in colours of Oriental carpets, many of which, being
presents to kings of Sweden by the shah of Persia in the 17th century,
are to be seen in the castles of Stockholm and Copenhagen--others are
in the Imperial Museum at Constantinople or belong to private owners.
(A. S. C.)