_Irrigation_, 98, 99, 121-124
Irun, 62, 73, 198
Isabel II., _Queen of Spain_, 187, 188, 198
J
James I., _King of Aragon_, quoted, 26, 31
_Jews_, 167, 176
Jijona, 102
Jimena, wife of El Cid, 157, 158, 160
Johnson (Samuel), quoted, 47
Joseph, _King of Spain_, 42
Juan Manuel, _Infante_, quoted, 101
K
Kipling (Rudyard), quoted, 50
L
La Rhune, 64
Larramendi (Manuel de), 72, 74
_Lazarillo de Tormes_, 144, 145, 150, 202
León, 48, 87, 90
---- (Luis de), 148, 149, 151, 163-184
---- (Ricardo), 23, 24, 94, 211, 212, 242-243
Longfellow (H. W.), quoted, 52, 92
Loti (Pierre) [Julien Viaud], 73, 74
_Louis XIV._, _King of France_, 60, 64
Lumbier, 83
M
Madrid, 99, 198, 202, 203, 207, 228, 231, 232
Maeztu (Ramiro de), quoted, 36
_Makhilas_, 77
Málaga, 137, 138
Mallada (Lucas), quoted, 22
Manrique (Jorge), 251
Marbot, _General_, 61
----, quoted, 18
Mariana (Juan de), 37, 70
Martial, quoted, 26, 54, 100
Martínez Ruiz (J.), _Azorín_, 22, 89-90, 94-96, 193, 208, 209
Masdeu, quoted, 19
Menéndez y Pelayo (Marcelino), 151, 192
_Montaña, La_, 26, 223, 226, 228-238
Montano (Arias), 173
Montoro, 140
_Moors in Spain, the_, 26, 31, 86, 101, 161, 246
Murcia, 90, 114
Murillo (Bartolomé Esteban), 249
_Mystics_, 148, 149, 192, 193, 194, 242
N
Napier (Sir W.), _Lieut.-General_, quoted, 17, 18, 26, 64
Napoleon, 42, 61
Narváez (Ramón María), _General_, 30
Navarre, 80-84
_Navarrese_, 26, 83
_Norias_, 108-109
_Novels_, ix, 144, 151, 185-238, 241
O
Ocaña, 90
Ondarrabia, 85, 86
_Oranges, Court of_, 90, 126
Oropesa, 108-111
Oviedo, 197
_Ox-carts_, 74
Oxford, 165
P
Pacheco (Francisco), 245
Palacio Valdés (Armando), 88, 193, 195-196, 200
_Papal authority in Spain_, 146, 147, 183
Pardo Bazán (Emilia), 185, 205, 214-217, 222
_Parish Priests_, 76, 215, 233, 236
Pascal (Blaise), 148, 171
_Pastorales, Basque_, 69-70
_Patios_, viii, 54, 88, 90, 131, 133, 189, 256
_Peasants_, 71, 82, 83, 94, 100, 110, 120-124, 135,
140, 141, 205, 215-216, 226-227, 229-230, 240
_Pelota, Basque_, 73, 74
_Peninsular War, the_, 17, 64, 65, 81
Pepys (Samuel), quoted, 19, 25, 39, 44
Pereda (José María de), 40, 91, 151, 152, 189, 190, 191, 193, 222-238, 242
Pérez Galdós (Benito), 24, 29, 30, 35, 37, 150, 191,
192, 193, 197, 204, 223, 242
Péroz, _Colonel_, 61
Philip II., _King of Spain_, 165, 246, 248
Philip IV., _King of Spain_, 60
Picón (Jacinto Octavio), 201-202
_Pilgrims_, 61, 62, 76, 147
Pino, 138
Place-names, 64, 65, 68, 78, 85, 86
_Politics_, 28, 35, 212
Pomponius Mela, quoted, 86
_Post_, 56, 59
Prim (Juan), _General_, _Conde de Reus_, 198
_Processions_, 87, 127, 133
_Proverbs_, ix, 26, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39,
40, 63, 69, 72, 79, 93, 121, 145
Q
Quevedo [Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Villegas], 29, 39, 144, 148, 150, 242
R
Reclus (Elisée), quoted, 21
_Religion_, 38, 39, 40, 44, 76, 80, 147, 200
_Roads_, 50, 51, 52
Romayquia, _Queen_, 101
Roncesvalles, 62
Ruiz (Juan), 39, 142, 150
S
Sagunto, 160
Saint-Jean-de-Luz, 57, 60, 62, 64, 78
Saint-Pée, 78
Salamanca, 87, 164-168, 173-175, 181-183
Sánchez (Tomás Antonio), 154
San Feliú de Guixols, 104
Sanguesa, 84
San Sebastian, 63
Sansol, 83
Santa Cruz (Manuel), 210, 211
Santander, 91, 224, 232-233
Santiago de Compostella, 61, 62
Santillana, _Marqués de_ [Iñigo López de Mendoza], 142, 143
San Vicente, 107
Sare, 64, 78
Scaliger, quoted, 60
Scott (_Sir_ Walter), 185
Segovia, 87
_Serenos_, 111, 188
Seville, 88, 90, 125-133, 187, 188
Shakespeare, quoted, 29, 41, 149, 246
Sierra de Jaen, 139
Sierra Nevada, 117, 118, 138, 139, 141
Sitges, 106
_Smuggling_, 57, 58, 77, 205
_Socialism_, 27
Socoa, 65
_Song of Solomon, the_, 166, 175
Sorolla (Joaquín), 205
Stendhal [Henri Beyle], 189, 192
Strabo, quoted, 98
T
Tagus, the, 54, 161, 202-203
Talavera, 90
Tannenberg (Boris de), 151, 223, 237
Tarifa, 118
Tarragona, 107
Teresa, Santa, 25, 148, 183
Theotocopuli (Dominico). _See_ Greco.
_Threshing_, 72, 82
Ticknor (George), quoted, 52 149, 163
Tiepolo (Paolo), quoted, 19
Tintoretto, 255
Titian, 245, 254
Toledo, 87, 90, 91, 155, 240, 244-258
Torrevieja, 113-114
Townsend (Joseph), quoted, 31
_Translations_, 241-242
_Travelling_, 47-56
_Turroneros_, 102
U
Unamuno (Miguel de), 212
Urrobi, 81
Urrugne, 61
_Usury_, 95, 100, 203, 217
V
Valencia, 90, 91, 115, 120, 160, 161, 205, 206
Valencia Island, 86
_Valencians_, 25, 26, 122
Valera (Juan), 150, 191, 193-195, 212, 242
Valle-Inclán (Ramón del), 205, 208, 210, 211, 217-221, 242-243
Vega (Lope Félix de), 33, 149
Velázquez [Diego Velázquez de Silva], 60, 144, 248, 253, 254
Vera, 58, 64, 78
Vézinet (F.), 214
_Villages_, 48, 80, 83, 92, 94, 100, 107, 135, 138, 229
Villanueva y Geltrú, 106
Vinson (Julien), 71
Vizcaya, 60, 63, 68, 76, 78
Voltaire, quoted, 73
_Vulgate, the_, 166, 167, 176-177
W
Webster (Wentworth), 71
Wellington, _the Duke of_, 17, 78
_Whale-fishing_, 63, 225
_Witches_, 231
_Women, influence of_, 40
Wordsworth (William), quoted, 76, 77
Wynn (Sir R.), quoted, 30, 60
Z
_Zagal, the_, 51
Zola (Émile), 207, 222, 238
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* * * * *
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The distinction still holds good, and those Spaniards who have
travelled, _e.g._ to Buenos Aires, differ by a certain practical
energy and optimism from those who have never left the Peninsula.
[2] “The Ingenious and Diverting Letters of the Lady----. Travels into
Spain.” English translation. Second edition. London. 1692.
[3] Villefranche. “État présent d’Espagne.” 1717.
[4] Edward Clarke. “Letters concerning the Spanish Nation.” London.
1763.
[5] This pessimism “is based on our recent disasters; on the fact that
we are fallen, a terrible fact in the implacable merciless logic of
international life; on the momentary lack of will from which we are
suffering; and on the anachronism of certain vices and ideals which,
since they can no longer, as in past ages, be excused on the ground
that other nations share them, seem to show that we are incorrigible.”
Rafael Altamira, “Psicología del Pueblo Español” (Madrid. 1902), in
which will be found several of the opinions quoted above.
[6] “Los Males de la Patria.”
[7] “Idearium Español.”
[8] “La Voluntad.” Barcelona. 1902: “La intuición de las cosas, la
visión rápida no falta, pero falta, en cambio, la co-ordinación
reflexiva, el laboreo paciente, la voluntad.”
[9] “Alcalá de los Zegríes.” Madrid. 1910.
[10] Saints in other countries have carried their heads in their
hands, but there is a legend of a saint in Spain who, not content
to walk a league with his head under his arm, continued to talk the
while without ceasing. He was, no doubt “concealing the poverty of
his action,” like Bertram dal Bornio, carrying his head “a guisa di
lanterna” in the Inferno.
[11] “Comedia Sentimental.” 1909.
[12] One may apply to it the words of Santa Teresa--
“Tiene tan divinas mañas
Que en un tan acerbo trance
Sale triunfando del lance
Obrando grandes hazañas.”
[13] Ford considered the Basque to be as “proud as Lucifer and as
combustible as his matches,” and there is a proverb, “En nave y en
castillo no más que un vizcaino.” Cf. Camões. Os Lusiadas:
A gente biscainha que carece
De polidas razões e que as injurias
Muito mal dos estranhos compadece.
[14] The Castilians, said King James I. of Aragon, are very haughty
and proud: _de gran ufania e erguylhosos_. In the Lusiads the
Castilian is “grande e raro.”
[15] The line of Dante is well known: “l’avara povertà di Catalogna.”
Napier speaks of “the Catalans, a fierce and constant race.”
[16] The Gallegan, “o Gallego cauto” and “sordidos Gallegos duro
bando,” in Camões, ever remains the butt of Spanish wit. The
inhabitants of the _Montaña_ are considered almost equally dense:
“El montañés para defender una necedad dice tres” and again “From
Burgos to the sea all is stupidity.” The Asturian, of the region
between Galicia and the _Montaña_ has, rather, the reputation of a
business-like shrewdness, he is the _Astur avarus_ of Martial and
Silius Italicus; in return for his boast that he has never had any
infecting contact with the Moors, a proverb says: “El asturiano, loco
y vano, poco fiel y mal cristiano.”
[17] “Para cantar los navarros, para llorar los franceses, para pegar
cuatro tiros los mozos aragoneses.”
[18] In “El Imparcial.”
[19] It is true that he was a Spanish Basque and was merely
reproducing in modern dress the scene in “Don Quixote,” in which the
Biscayan leaves his mistresses unprotected in their carriage and
fights in order to show that he is by birth a _caballero_.
[20] Drunkenness is especially rare in Spain. Their sobriety has been
made a reproach, as being based on laziness and lack of initiative.
The second half of their proverb: “Goza de tu poco mientras busca más
el loco--Enjoy the little you have, and let the fool seek more” is,
indeed, as foolish as the first half is wise.
[21] Cf. the “altos pensamientos,” of Quevedo’s famous Pablos of
Segovia and his father, the barber-thief, and the latter’s remark:
“Esto de ser ladron no es arte mecánica sino liberal”--the thief’s is
no base mechanical trade, but a liberal profession.
[22] “Drudgery they will do none at all.” Sir R. Wynn, “A brief
relation of what was observed by the Prince’s servants in their
journey into Spain.” 1623.
[23] They have that momentary isolated intensity which M. Anatole
France ascribes to men of action: “Ils sont tout entiers dans le
moment qu’ils vivent et leur génie se ramasse sur un point. Ils se
renouvellent sans cesse et ne se prolongent pas.”
[24] Episodios Nacionales. Narváez. 1902.