[Sidenote: A. D. 1363.]
In the year 765, when I attained my twenty-ninth year, we entered the
province of Khutelān, and the Prince of that country immediately came
and joined me, as they and all our new allies had shewn a preference to
me; this circumstance roused the envy of Amyr Hussyn, but he had no
remedy but silence.
When we reached the plain of Kulek, my followers amounted to six
thousand: at this time, owing to Amyr Hussyn’s parsimony and misconduct,
Shyr Behram and Bulad Bughū came and complained to me; soon after this,
Amyr Hussyn requested to see me, when we met, he made grievous
complaints against these two chiefs; I endeavoured to pacify him, but
all in vain; I also exhorted them not to allow any private quarrels to
interfere with the common cause; they promised me to meet him, but as
soon as they left the assembly, they joined their own hordes. Whilst we
were encamped in the plains of Kulek, I sent spies to bring me
intelligence of Alyas Khuajē, and the Jete army; after ten or twelve
days, the spies returned and reported that Kāch Timūr, son of Beg Chuck,
was at the head of the army, which under various chiefs, amounted to
twenty thousand horse, and were encamped in a line reaching from the
villages of Helany and Seryany, to the stone bridge; that Tugluc Selduz
and Ky Khuserū, who had deserted from me, and had now the command of six
thousand Jete cavalry, were coming down upon me to take me by surprise.
I immediately ordered a review of my troops, and found that I had only
six thousand horse, and that Amyr Hussyn had not that number, as many of
his troops had deserted in consequence of his parsimony and improper
treatment of them, and had joined my standards.
At this time, I received information, that a body of six thousand of the
enemy’s cavalry, having preceded the main body, had advanced one day’s
march from the stone bridge towards us; I therefore resolved to leave
Amyr Hussyn in charge of the main body, and with a select corps, make a
forced march, take the enemy by surprise, and cut them to pieces.
But reflecting that the army of the Jetes consisted of thirty thousand
men, whilst I had only six thousand to oppose them, I sought in the
Korān for an omen, and this verse opened to me; “how often has a small
army defeated a superior one, by the permission of God:” was much
encouraged by this favourable presage.
The advanced division of the enemy having arrived one day’s march on
this side of the stone bridge, were informed, that I had retreated with
my army towards Khutelān; they therefore called me a coward and
run-away, and began to feast and rejoice.
Being hurt at their exultation, I returned from Khutelān, and making a
long march with only two thousand cavalry, reached their encampment at
the dawn of day, and found them asleep; my advanced guard soon drove in
all their picquets, and the _salt of ingratitude_ having laid hold of
the skirts of Ky Khuserū and Tugluc Selduz, they were seized by my
troops, and brought prisoners to me, but I did not punish them. My
advanced party having defeated the first line of the enemy, compelled
them to fall back on their second line, but before the latter was drawn
out, I arrived with the remainder of my division, and after a slight
opposition, they all fled towards the stone bridge.
I pursued them, and continued beating them, and capturing their horses
till I had forced them across the bridge, when they disappeared, and
joined their grand army under the personal command of Alyas Khuajē. I
halted that night on the banks of the river, and sent off a messenger
with information of my success to my ally, Amyr Hussyn.
The next morning, having said my prayers, I marched along the bank of
the river, and having sent out scouts and a strong advanced guard, I
encamped in the desert of Khutelān, which was composed of hill and dale,
and where my people and their horses rested. I halted there the next
day, which gave Amyr Hussyn an opportunity of joining me: I then blocked
up all the roads in such a manner, that not even a single animal could
pass.
All my troops being now collected, amounting to nine thousand horse, the
officers agreed, with all their hearts, to fight the Jete army; it was
determined that the first line should consist of six thousand, under my
command, and the remainder to form the second line, under charge of Amyr
Hussyn.
When the Jete Commander first heard that I had gone to Khutelān, he
resolved to send an army in pursuit of me, but his officers calling to
mind how I had beaten Tukel Behader in the plain of Khuarizm, with only
sixty horse, were afraid, and not one of them would take the command of
the detachment.
The determination I came to with respect to fighting the Jete army,
commanded by Alyas Khuajē, was this; I said to my officers, “there is no
use in our skirmishing, or having drawn battles with the Jetes, we must
lay such a scheme that we may have a general engagement, and purify the
land of Maveralnaher from the defilement of their oppressions.” I then
ordered Muvyd Arlāt, Kera Behader, and Amyr Musā to take post, during
the night, with five hundred horse at the head of the stone bridge,
opposite to Alyas Khuajē, whilst I having crossed the river with five
hundred horse, took post on a hill which overlooked the enemy’s camp; my
tent having been pitched on the skirt of the hill, I entered it, and
gave orders to light fires on the sides of the hill; when the Jetes saw
the numerous fires, they were much alarmed.[70]
I spent the whole of that night in my tent, in prayer, and besought the
Almighty that he would punish these oppressors. At the dawn of day I
fell into a slumber, I was not awake, neither was I asleep, when I heard
somebody say, “Timūr, victory and conquest is thine;” I was roused, and
looked about, but there was no person in the tent, nor any one on the
outside of it; but to be certain, I called aloud, is any one there, I
received no answer; I was then convinced it was the voice of an angel,
(Hatif Ghayb) I prostrated myself on the ground, and returned thanks to
God, and felt strong of heart; when the day broke, I performed the
morning prayers with my friends.
At this time I heard the drums of Alyas Khuajē, and as soon as the sun
rose, I saw his army going off in troops; my chiefs requested permission
to pursue, saying, “we shall have an easy conquest;” but I replied,
“this is a stratagem of the enemy to induce us to come down into the
plain, that they may attack us to advantage, be patient, till we
ascertain what is their real object.” When they had marched four
_Fersukh_, (twelve miles) finding we did not move from the hill, they
encamped; Alyas Khuajē then sent for and abused the chiefs that I had
defeated. The next day, Alyas Khuajē finding that I had fortified the
hill, drew out his army, and made several attacks on the skirts of the
hill, but I kept my post on the top of the declivity, and stationed the
troops all around the foot of it.
When the enemy approached us, my people showered down arrows upon them,
so that many of them being wounded, they began to take shelter in the
crannies, and behind large stones. When the night came on, they
relinquished the attack, but continued drawn up in a circle around the
hill.
About this time, I called a council of my chiefs, and represented to
them, that “Amyr Hussyn’s force being now separated from us, and as we
have neither water nor provisions on the hill, if we remain here, we
must be annihilated; let us draw out the troops in four divisions, and
before the day breaks, attack the enemy; if we succeed in putting them
to flight, we shall gain an easy victory, but if not, we shall open a
way to escape from their clutches, and go where we like.”
As my advice was approved of by all the chiefs, I put on my armour, and
ordered that no noise should be made. At break of day, we marched in
silence against four parts of the enemy’s camp; as we took them
compleatly by surprise, the division which had been ordered against the
body commanded by Alyas in person, dispersed his guard, and might have
taken him prisoner, but as I approached, I called out, and saluted him,
(_Yul Bulshen_)[71] and then forbade his being seized. At this time, as
numbers of people had been killed or wounded on both sides, the warriors
mutually desisted from fighting.
When Alyas Khuajē heard my voice, he called out to his troops, on which
several of his warriors returned and renewed the fight, which was
continued with great fury till after sun-rise, without either party
gaining any superiority; at length our quivers being empty, my soldiers
drew their swords, and charged the enemy, who being much fatigued by the
long contest, and many of them wounded, said, “let us flee;” they then
set off, and did not halt till they had reached their camp at the
distance of four _Fersukh_.
As I did not think proper to pursue them, I remained where I was. When
intelligence of my victory reached Amyr Hussyn, he joined and
congratulated me on my success.
When the Jete army saw themselves defeated and subdued by such an
inferior number, they were much ashamed, they threw their caps on the
ground, and said, “_curse on our turbans_, that with such a force, we
should have run away from an inferior number.” Alyas Khuajē being also
ashamed, swore he would never cease fighting till he had taken me
prisoner. He then drew up his army, and having marched towards Kesh,
encamped at the distance of four Fersukh from that city.
At this time, I distributed sums of money to all the wounded, to pay for
their cure, and gave (Yurem) an allowance to the heirs of the killed. I
then put on my armour, and having drawn out my army, Amyr Hussyn and I
went and took post, in order of battle, opposite the Jete army. When
Alyas Khuajē had reconnoitered my army, he forgot his former futile
attempts, and having again placed his foot in the stirrup, he advanced a
short distance towards us.
At this moment, Alugh Timūr and Amyr Jemshyd arrived express from the
_Desht_ Kipchāk, with the intelligence that Tugleck Timūr Khān had
ceased to exist, and that he had appointed Alyas Khuajē his heir and
successor; the two chiefs having delivered their message, bent their
knees, and congratulated the Prince on the event; they then took hold of
his reins, and led him back to his camp; soon after which, he marched
with all his forces towards the _Desht_, leaving me to pursue my own
plans. I then consulted with Amyr Hussyn, whether we should pursue the
Jetes, and drive them out of the country, but he gave it as his opinion,
that it was not policy to pursue a defeated enemy; I said, “they are not
a defeated army, for they have not afforded us an opportunity of
punishing them, but I fear they will murder the inhabitants, and plunder
the country they pass through;” and as all the other chiefs were
convinced by my arguments, Hussyn gave up his opinion.
At this time, a report was brought that the Jete army was returning in
order to give us battle, after which, they would leave a force to
support their governors and other officers in Maveralnaher, and then
proceed to the _Desht_; but the fact was only this, that, Alyas Khuajē
had sent orders to all his governors to strengthen their posts and
remain on the defensive, as he would shortly return.
In consequence of my determination in the council, I drew out my army
and marched after the Jetes; having arrived at _Kehulkeh_, I there
halted, and reviewed the army; I found that including Amyr Hussyn’s
division, we had only between seven and eight thousand men, many of whom
were wounded; I therefore gave leave of absence to all the wounded, to
go away till they were cured; I then new modelled our force, with the
resolution of attacking the Jetes; Hussyn’s division was commanded by
himself, and I retained charge of all my own followers.
Having marched from Kehulkeh, we arrived in the night at Herar, the
principal inhabitants of the town came out to meet me, and a great
number of people belonging to Kesh, who had served in Alyas Khuajē’s
army, deserted him and joined me; these people brought me intelligence,
that the day before, Alyas Khuajē had sent a force into Kesh, and that
he had sent governors and troops into all the strong places of
Maveralnaher.
On receiving this information, I detached Amyr Soleyman and Syf Addeen,
with a force to drive the Jetes from Kesh, and I commanded these
officers, when they should arrive near Kesh, to divide their troops, and
to gallop their horses about, so as to raise a great dust. In order to
effect this purpose, the aforementioned officers ordered their men to
cut down branches of trees, these they fastened to their horses, but
dragging on the ground, and as they moved at a quick pace, they raised
an immense cloud of dust: this was seen from the town, the Jete governor
of which, supposing that a very great force was advancing against him,
was much alarmed, preferred flight to remaining, and having assembled
his troops, marched away.
The other Jete soldiers, who were dispersed through the district,
extended the hands of slaughter and plunder over the unfortunate
inhabitants, and made a shew of opposing me; but as soon as my army
approached them, they lost their courage and took to flight, my light
troops pursued them, and recovered a great deal of the plunder.
After six or seven days, Amyr Soleyman, and the other officers that I
had detached, rejoined me, and all the soldiers of Kesh came and joined
my standard.
At this time, Shyr Behram, who had left me in the plains of Kulek, and
had joined the forces of Khutelān, having been absent forty and three
days, came and rejoined me; also Shykh Muhammed, the son of Byan Selduz,
came and joined me with seven regiments, (Kushūns) and all the soldiers
of Kehulkeh followed their example.
As at this time, I was not satisfied with the conduct of Amyr Hussyn, I
therefore carried him to the tomb of the celebrated Saint Khuajē Shums
Addeen, where we took the oaths of mutual support and friendship, and I
made him add that in case he should break his promise, he wished that I
might seize and punish him, which finally occurred.
After taking this precaution for my self-defence, I followed the Jete
army, when I approached them, Alyas Khuajē drew out his forces; he gave
the command of his right wing to Amyr Jemshyd, the left wing to Tuck
Timūr, the advanced line was under charge of Beg Chuck; he had also two
flanking parties of horse, commanded by Iskunder and Yusuf; when I found
that the Jetes were thus prepared for battle, I sought in the _Korān_
for an omen, and this verse opened, “verily we have given you a decisive
victory;” I immediately repeated aloud the prayer for victory, and
ordered the troops to advance.
When we reached Tash Arighi, I reviewed our army, and directed Amyr
Hussyn to halt with his troops, where we then were, and to form the
(Kul) second line, and in the event of my being worsted, to support me.
I then formed my own troops into seven divisions, and took charge of the
(Heravul) first line; when we reached the village of Kupy, the first
line of the enemy, commanded by Beg Chuck, came in sight; as I found
that the Jete army was very numerous, and were united in solid column,
looking formidable as a mountain, I again sought advice from the Korān,
and this verse opened, “and we guard them from every devil driven away
with stones:”[72] on this I became strong of heart, and ordered my first
line to advance against the division of Beg Chuck; that chief at the
same time directed a part of his troops to meet mine; as we approached
each other, I commanded the _Chepavul_ of the right to charge, then the
_Shekavul_[73] of the left; after these two squadrons had made their
attack, I ordered the trumpets to sound, and advanced with the line;
when we came near, the right wing (_Juangār_) charged their left wing,
(_Berangār_) when the flame of slaughter was thus raging, and the waves
of the sea of battle were thus rolling, I saw that my people were
worsted, I therefore unfurled my standard, and having caused the royal
music to strike up, I made in person, a desperate charge with the centre
of my line; all the heroes in every part of the line also behaved most
manfully, and made the enemy feel the effects of their sharp swords.
As my opponent Beg Chuck began to recoil, his lieutenants Iskunder, Tuck
Timūr, &c. advanced to his support. At this time the horse of Beg Chuck
was killed, and I took him prisoner; the Amyrs Jemshyd and Yusuf seeing
this, made a violent attack in order to release him, but when Jemshyd
came close to me, my groom Aādil, who was on foot, hamstrung his horse;
in consequence of which, the general fell to the ground, and was seized:
on this Amyr Yusuf spurred his horse with an intention of getting out of
the crowd, but losing his stirrup, he fell from his horse, and was also
made prisoner.
Immediately after this event, Iskunder with his division, came against
me, but being well supported by my body guard, I charged them
vigorously, and compelled them to retire, and join their Commander in
Chief.
Having thus defeated the enemy’s first line, I ordered the trumpets to
sound, and halted in the plain; I then commanded that my standard should
be held up till all my soldiers who were dispersed over the field of
battle, might see and rejoin it.
At this time, Alyas Khuajē roared out to his reserve, to advance; when I
saw that he was confounded, I said, (Allah Yar) “God befriend us,” and
with three hundred and sixteen horse, which were all that were collected
near me, I made a furious attack on the enemy’s centre, and overturned
his standard; when the army of Alyas Khuajē missed the royal standard,
they took to flight; at this moment I was very near Alyas Khuajē, but
Iskunder Aghlān threw himself between us, he was seized, but his master
made his escape.
As soon as the Jete army had turned its face to flight, I ordered
several divisions of my troops to pursue them, in consequence of which,
they gained much plunder of horses and arms; they also killed and
wounded a number of the runaways; I then sent off two other divisions to
keep in the rear of the enemy, to prevent them encamping or halting, to
these I gave orders, not to kill any more of the Jetes, but to seize and
bring them into my presence, in order that I might treat them according
to circumstances.
I then encamped in the plain of Kupy, and gave orders for a grand
entertainment, to be prepared in commemoration of our having defeated
the Prince Alyas Khuajē, and thirty thousand Jetes, with only six
thousand horse, by which the country of Maveralnaher was purified from
the defilement of the tribe of Jete.[74]
Having halted in the plain of Kupy, which might be called the seat of
victory, I commanded that my tents of every description should be
pitched, and that a great quantity of soup and meat should be prepared,
and invited the chief officers of all the hordes and regiments; the
generals having arrived, Amyr Hussyn also came and joined the banquet;
during the feast, I ordered all the principal Jete prisoners to be
brought forward, I then addressed Beg Chuck, who was the Commander in
Chief of the Jetes, and who had made several cuts at me, and said to
him, “you have proved yourself grateful for the salt of Alyas Khuajē, in
having rejected my overtures, and by standing by him to the last;” I
also praised Amyr Hamyd, who was a very brave young man, and I said to
Sekunder Aghlān, “you risked your own life to save that of your master,
and have therefore behaved in a praise-worthy manner.” I then asked
them, “how it had happened that I, with so small a force, had defeated
their numerous army;” they replied, “your good fortune overwhelmed us,
and dispersed the Jete forces; the union of your army was also such,
that one thousand swords struck together as one sword; whilst the
discord that prevailed amongst us, disunited us, and made us an easy
prey to your victorious arms.”
I afterwards said to them, “what do you suppose I shall do with you?”
They replied, “if you kill us, you will not much decrease the Jete army,
but you will thereby raise up thousands of enemies, and all our hordes
and clans will seek retaliation for our blood, but if you pardon and let
us go, you will thereby confer a great favour on us; our tribes will
praise you, and will consider themselves under an obligation to you, and
will be your friends; your Highness is the best judge, whether our
friendship or our enmity is preferable; with regard to ourselves, we are
indifferent whether you kill us or not, for on the day that we bound up
our loins, and braced on our swords, we considered our blood as shed,
and our bodies decapitated.” I was so pleased with their speech, that I
endeavoured to prevail on them to enter into my service; but although I
made them great offers, they would not consent to remain with me, I
therefore conferred on them dresses of honour.[75] I also gave coats to
all the other captives, and released them, and I took particular notice
of all my own officers and soldiers that had been wounded in the battle.
I then despatched the Amyrs Syf Addeen and Jakū to take possession of
the city of Samerkund.
Soon after this event, my (Keravulan) scouts brought information that
Alyas Khuajē, with the Jete army, had encamped on the (South) bank of
the Khujend river, but had postponed crossing; I therefore gave Shyr
Behram the command of the (Heravul) first line, and sent him off. I then
mounted my horse and proceeded towards them; on hearing of my approach,
the enemy immediately crossed, and when I arrived at the river, not a
vestige of them was to be seen. I therefore ordered my camp to be
pitched on the bank of the river; but as the air was very hot, it
disagreed with me, and the wind struck me; but after three days I
recovered.
My mind being now at ease with regard to the Jetes, I resolved to amuse
my army by a general hunt, and in this manner (hunting and coursing) we
reached the vicinity of Samerkund. The inhabitants of Samerkund came out
to meet me, and were lavish in their praises, saying, “right has gained
its right,” and held up their hands in prayers for my prosperity; having
thus established myself at Samerkund, I sent an escort to bring (my
wife) Aljay Tūrkān Aghā, with the remainder of my followers, from
Gurmsyr in Systān.
-----
Footnote 70:
Institutes, page 79.
Footnote 71:
See Institutes, page 83.
Footnote 72:
See Sale’s Translation of the Korān, page 68.
Footnote 73:
See Plan of the Army, last page of the Institutes.
Footnote 74:
This description of the battle differs much from that given by Petis
de la Croix, p. 71, and sequel.
Footnote 75:
Timūr wished to have liberated them, but they were put to death by
order of Amyr Hussyn. Shenfaddeen’s History.