1228]
The preceding diagnosis, though not very full, will serve to indicate
the essential characteristics of the genus among the Middle American
forms with long pointed tails, the most prominent feature consisting
in the densely feathered, not naked, cheeks. But one species belongs
to the United States, though three others are found in Mexico, and
many more in South and Central America. A few species occur in the
West Indies.
[Illustration: PLATE LVI.
1. Conurus carolinensis. _Ad._, Mich., 1228.
2. ” ” _Juv._, Fla., 54812.
3. Setophaga picta. ♂ Guat., 30705.
4. Hylotomus pileatus. ♀ Pa., 1723.
5. ” pileatus. ♂ Selkirk Settlement, 51863.
6. Sphyropicus thyroideus. ♂ Cal., 16098.]
Conurus carolinensis, KUHL.
PARAKEET; CAROLINA PARROT; ILLINOIS PARROT.
_Psittaca carolinensis_, BRISSON, Ornith. II, 1762, 138. _Psittacus
carolinensis_, LINN. Syst. Nat. I, 1758, 97; 1766, 141 (nec
SCOPOLI).—WILSON, Am. Orn. III, 1811, 89, pl. xxvi, fig.
1.—AUD. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 135, pl. xxvi. _Conurus
carolinensis_, KUHL, Nova Acta K. L. C. 1830.—BON. List,
1838.—PR. MAX. Cabanis Journ. für Orn. V, March, 1857,
97.—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 57.—FINSCH, Papagei. I, 1857,
478.—SCL. Cat. 1862, 347.—ALLEN, B. E. Fla. 308. _Centurus
carolinensis_, AUD. Syn. 1839, 189.—IB. Birds Am. IV, 1842,
306, pl. cclxxviii. _Psittacus ludovicianus_, GM. Syst. I,
1788, 347. _Psittacus thalassinus_, VIEILL. Ency. Meth. 1377.
_Conurus ludovicianus_, GRAY. Catal. Br. Mus. Psittac. 1859, 36
(makes distinct species from _carolinensis_). _Carolina
parrot_, CATESBY, Car. I, tab. xi.—LATHAM, Syn. I,
227.—PENNANT, II, 242. _Orange-headed parrot_, LATHAM, Syn. I,
304.
[Line drawing: _Conurus carolinensis._
1228]
SP. CHAR. Head and neck all round gamboge-yellow; the forehead, from
above the eyes, with the sides of the head, pale brick-red. Body
generally with tail green, with a yellowish tinge beneath. Outer webs
of primaries bluish-green, yellow at the base; secondary coverts edged
with yellowish. Edge of wing yellow, tinged with red; tibiæ yellow.
Bill white. Legs flesh-color. Length, about 13.00; wing, 7.50; tail,
7.10. Young with head and neck green. Female with head and neck green;
the forehead, lores, and suffusion round the eyes, dark red, and
without the yellow of tibiæ and edge of wing. Size considerably less.
HAB. Southern and Southwestern States and Mississippi Valley; north to
the Great Lakes and Wisconsin.
This species was once very abundant in the United States east of the
Rocky Mountains, being known throughout the Southern States, and the
entire valley of the Mississippi, north to the Great Lakes. Stragglers
even penetrated to Pennsylvania, and one case of their reaching
Albany, N. Y., is on record. Now, however, they are greatly
restricted. In Florida they are yet abundant, but, according to Dr.
Coues, they are scarcely entitled to a place in the fauna of South
Carolina. In Western Louisiana, Arkansas, and the Indian Territory,
they are still found in considerable numbers, straggling over the
adjacent States, but now seldom go north of the mouth of the Ohio. We
have seen no note of their occurrence south of the United States, and
in view of their very limited area and rapid diminution in numbers,
there is little doubt but that their total extinction is only a matter
of years, perhaps to be consummated within the lifetime of persons now
living. It is a question whether both sexes are similarly colored, as
in most American Parrots, or whether the female, as just stated, lacks
the yellow of the head. Several female birds killed in Florida in
March agree in the characters indicated above for that sex; but the
material at our command is not sufficient to decide whether all
females are similarly marked, or whether the plumage described is that
of the bird of the second year generally. There is no trace whatever
of yellow on the head.
HABITS. In determining the geographical distribution of the Carolina
Parrot, a distinction should be made between its accidental occurrence
and its usual and habitual residence. Strictly speaking, this species,
though of roving habits, is not migratory. Its movements are
irregular, and dependent upon the abundance or the scarcity of its
food. Where it breeds, it is usually a permanent resident. An
exceptional visit to a place cannot be taken as certain evidence that
it will reappear in that locality.
When Wilson wrote, it inhabited the interior of Louisiana and the
country lying upon the banks of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and
their tributary waters, even beyond the Illinois River, to the
neighborhood of Lake Michigan, in latitude 42° north. The same writer
insisted that, contrary to the generally received opinion, it was at
that time resident in all those places. Eastward of the great range of
the Alleghanies it has been very seldom seen north of the State of
Maryland, though straggling parties have been occasionally observed
among the valleys of the Juniata. Barton states that a very large
flock of these birds was observed in January, 1780, about twenty-five
miles northwest of Albany.
The occurrence of this species in midwinter so far to the north, and
its constant residence west of the Alleghanies throughout the year in
colder regions, justify the conclusion of its being a very hardy bird.
In evidence of this, Wilson mentions the fact of his having seen a
number of them, in the month of February, on the banks of the Ohio, in
a snow-storm, flying about like Pigeons, and in full cry.
The very evident preference which the Carolina Parakeet evinces for
western localities, though in the same parallel of latitude with those
east of the Alleghanies, which it rarely or never visits, is
attributed by the same attentive observer to certain peculiar features
of the country to which it is particularly and strongly attached.
These are the low, rich alluvial bottoms along the borders of creeks,
covered with a gigantic growth of buttonwood, deep and impenetrable
swamps of the cypress, and those peculiar salines—or, as they are
called, salt-licks—so frequent throughout that region, all of which
are regularly visited by the Parakeets. The great abundance of the
seeds of the cockle-bur (_Xanthium strumarium_) is also given as a
still greater inducement for their frequenting the banks of the Ohio
and the Mississippi, where these plants are found in the greatest
abundance. The seeds of the cypress-trees are another powerful
attraction, while the abundance of the mast of the beech, on which it
feeds freely, may explain their occasional visits to more northern
regions, and even to places where they were before unknown.
In descending the Ohio in the month of February, Wilson met the first
flock of Parakeets at the mouth of the Little Scioto. He was informed
by an old inhabitant of Marietta that they were sometimes, though
rarely, seen there. He afterwards observed flocks of them at the mouth
of the Great and Little Miami, and in the neighborhood of the numerous
creeks which discharge themselves into the Ohio. At Big Bone Lick,
near the mouth of the Kentucky River, he met them in great numbers.
They came screaming through the woods, about an hour after sunrise, to
drink the salt water, of which, he says, they are remarkably fond.
Audubon, writing in 1842, speaks of the Parakeets as then very rapidly
diminishing in number. In some regions where twenty-five years before
they had been very plentiful, at that time scarcely any were to be
seen. At one period, he adds, they could be procured as far up the
tributary water of the Ohio as the Great Kanawha, the Scioto, the head
of the Miami, the mouth of the Maumee at its junction with Lake Erie,
and sometimes as far northeast as Lake Ontario. At the time of his
writing very few were to be found higher than Cincinnati, and he
estimated that along the Mississippi there was not half the number
that had existed there fifteen years before.
According to Nuttall, this species constantly inhabits and breeds in
the Southern States, and is so hardy as to make its appearance
commonly, in the depth of winter, along the wooded banks of the Ohio,
the interior of Alabama, and the banks of the Mississippi and
Missouri, around St. Louis, and other places, when nearly all the
other birds have migrated.
Its present habitat seems to be the Southern and Southwestern States,
as far west as the Missouri. They occur high up that river, although
none were seen or collected much farther west than its banks. In the
enumeration of the localities from which the specimens in the
Smithsonian collection were derived, Florida, Cairo, Ill., Fort Smith,
Arkansas, Fort Riley, Kansas, Nebraska, and Bald Island, Missouri
River, and Michigan are given.
In regard to the manner of nesting, breeding-habits, number of eggs in
a nest, and the localities in which it breeds, I know nothing from my
own personal observations, nor are writers generally better informed,
with the single exception of Mr. Audubon. Wilson states that all his
informants agreed that these birds breed in hollow trees. Several
affirmed to him that they had seen their nests. Some described these
as made with the use of no additional materials, others spoke of their
employing certain substances to line the hollows they occupied. Some
represented the eggs as white, others as speckled. One man assured him
that in the hollow of a large beech-tree, which he had cut down, he
found the broken fragments of upwards of twenty Parakeet’s eggs, which
he described as of a greenish-yellow color. He described the nest as
formed of small twigs glued to each other and to the side of the tree
in the manner of the Chimney-Swallow! From all these contradictory
accounts Wilson was only able to gather, with certainty, that they
build in companies and in hollow trees. The numerous dissections which
he made in the months of March, April, May, and June led him to infer
that they commence incubation late in spring or very early in summer.
Mr. Audubon, who speaks from his own observations, describes their
nests, or the places in which they deposit their eggs, as simply the
bottom of such cavities in trees as those to which they usually retire
at night. Many females, he thinks, deposit their eggs together; and he
expresses the opinion that the number of eggs which each individual
lays is two, although he was not able absolutely to assure himself of
this. He describes them as nearly round, and of a light
greenish-white. An egg of this species from Louisiana is of a rounded
oval shape, equally obtuse at either end, and of a uniform dull-white
color. It measures 1.40 by 1.10 inches.
INDEX TO PLATES OF LAND BIRDS.
Ægiothus brewsteri, I. 501, pl. 22, fig. 6
exilipes, ♂ “ 498, “ “ 2
fuscescens, ♂ “ 493, “ “ 3
“ “ “ “ “ 5
Agelaius gubernator (_shoulder_), ♂ II. pl. 33, “ 4
gubernator, ♀ “ 163, “ “ 8
phœniceus, ♂ “ 159, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
“ (_shoulder_), ♂ “ “ “ “ 3
tricolor (_shoulder_), ♂ “ 165, “ “ 5
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 6
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7
Alauda arvensis, “ 136, pl. 32, “ 3
Ammodromus caudacutus, I. 557, pl. 25, “ 7
maritimus, “ 560, “ “ 8
Ampelis cedrorum, ♂ “ 401, pl. 18, “ 2
garrulus, ♂ “ 396, “ “ 1
Antenor unicinctus, III. 250.
Anthus ludovicianus, I. 171, pl. 10, “ 3
pratensis, “ 173, “ “ 4
Antrostomus carolinensis, ♂ II. 410, pl. 46, “ 1
nuttalli, ♂ “ 417, “ “ 3
vociferus, ♂ “ 413, “ “ 2
Aquila canadensis, III. 314.
Archibuteo ferrugineus, “ 300.
sancti-johannis, “ 304.
Astur atricapillus, “ 237.
Asturina plagiata, “ 246.
Atthis heloisa, ♂ II. 465, pl. 47, “ 6
Auriparus flaviceps, I. pl. 7, “ 11
Bonasa sabinei, III. 454.
umbelloides, “ 453, pl. 61, “ 10
umbellus, “ 448, “ “ 3
“ “ “ “ “ 9
Bubo arcticus, “ 64.
pacificus, “ 65.
virginianus, “ 62.
Budytes flava, I. 167, pl. 10, “ 2
Buteo borealis, III. 281.
calurus, “ 286.
cooperi, “ 295.
elegans, “ 277.
harlani, “ 292.
krideri, “ 284.
lineatus, “ 275.
lucasanus, “ 285.
oxypterus, “ 266.
pennsylvanicus, “ 259.
swainsoni, “ 263.
zonocercus, “ 272.
Calamospiza bicolor, ♂ II. 61, pl. 29, “ 2
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3
Callipepla squamata, ♂ III. 487, pl. 63, “ 6
Calypte anna, ♂ II. 454, pl. 47, “ 7
costæ, ♂ “ 457, “ “ 8
Campephilus principalis, ♂ “ 496, pl. 49, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Campylorhynchus affinis, I. 133, pl. 8, “ 6
brunneicapillus, “ 132, “ “ 5
Canace canadensis, III. 416, pl. 61, “ 5
“ ♀ “ “ pl. 59, “ 6
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 5
franklini, ♂ “ 419, “ “ 3
fuliginosus, “ 495.
obscurus, ♂ “ 422, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
richardsoni, ♂ “ 427, “ “ 4
Cardinalis coccineus, ♂ II. pl. 30, “ 8
igneus, ♂ “ 103, “ “ 0
phœniceus, “ “ “ “ 9
virginianus, ♀ “ 100, “ “ 6
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 7
Carpodacus californicus, ♂ I. 465, pl. 21, “ 10
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11
cassini, ♂ “ 460, “ “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
frontalis, ♂ “ 465, “ “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
hœmorrhous, ♂ “ “ “ “ 12
rhodocolpus, ♂ “ 468, “ “ 9
purpureus, ♂ “ 462, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
Catharista atrata, III. 351.
Catherpes mexicanus, I. 139, pl. 8, “ 4
Centrocercus urophasianus, ♂ III. pl. 60, “ 2
“ ♂ “ “ “ 4
“ “ 429, pl. 61, “ 6
Centronyx bairdi, I. 531, pl. 25, “ 3
Centurus aurifrons, ♂ II. 557, pl. 52, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
carolinus, ♂ “ 554, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
uropygialis, ♂ “ 558, “ “ 2
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Certhia americana, I. 125, pl. 8, “ 11
mexicana, “ 128.
Certhiola bahamensis, ♂ “ 428, pl. 19, “ 5
Ceryle alcyon, ♂ II. 392, pl. 45, “ 6
cabanisi, ♂ “ 396, “ “ 9
Chætura pelagica, ♂ “ 432, pl. 45, “ 7
vauxi, ♀ “ 435, “ “ 8
Chamæa fasciata, I. 84, pl. 6, “ 8
Chamæpelia passerina, ♂ III. 389, pl. 58, “ 6
Chondestes grammaca, ♂ II. 562, pl. 31, “ 1
Chordeiles henryi, ♂ “ 404, pl. 46, “ 4
popetue, “ 407.
texensis, ♂ “ 406, “ “ 5
Chrysomitris lawrenci, ♂ I. 478, pl. 22, “ 14
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 15
arizonæ, ♂ “ 476, “ “ 11
mexicana, “ “ “ 12
“ ♀ “ “ “ 13
pinus, ♂ “ 480, “ “ 16
psaltria, ♂ “ 474, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10
tristis (_summer_), ♂ “ 471, “ “ 7
“ (_winter_), ♂ “ “ “ “ 8
Cinclus mexicanus, “ 56, pl. 5, “ 1
Circus hudsonius, III. 214.
Cistothorus palustris, I. 161, pl. 9, “ 6
stellaris, “ “ “ “ 7
Coccygus americanus, ♂ II. 477, pl. 48, “ 3
erythrophthalmus, “ 484, “ “ 5
minor, “ 482, “ “ 4
Colaptes auratus, ♂ “ 575, pl. 55, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
chrysoides, ♂ “ 583, pl. 54, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
hybridus, ♂ “ 582, “ “ 3
mexicanus, ♂ “ 578, pl. 55, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
Collurio borealis, ♂ I. 415, pl. 19, “ 1
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2
excubitoroides, ♂ “ 421, “ “ 3
ludovicianus, ♂ “ 418, “ “ 4
robustus, “ 420.
Columba fasciata, ♂ II. 360, pl. 57, “ 2
flavirostris, ♂ “ 366, “ “ 3
leucocephala, ♂ “ 363, “ “ 4
Contopus borealis, ♂ “ 353, pl. 44, “ 1
pertinax, ♂ “ 356, “ “ 2
richardsonii, ♂ “ 360, “ “ 4
vireus, ♂ “ 357, “ “ 3
Conurus carolinensis, (_Ad._) “ 587, pl. 56, “ 1
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2
Corvus americanus, ♂ “ 243, pl. 37, “ 5
carnivorus, ♀ “ 234, “ “ 6
caurinus, ♂ “ 248, “ “ 3
cryptoleucus, “ 242, “ “ 8
floridanus, “ 247, “ “ 9
mexicanus, ♂ “ 233, “ “ 4
ossifragus, “ 251, “ “ 7
Coturniculus henslowi, ♀ I. 553, pl. 25, “ 5
leconti, ♀ “ 552, “ “ 6
ochrocephalus, II. pl. 46, “ 6
passerinus, I. 553, pl. 25, “ 4
perpallidus, “ 556.
Cotyle riparia, ♂ “ 353, pl. 16, “ 14
Crotophaga ani, ♀ II. 488, pl. 48, “ 2
Cupidonia cupido, III. 440, pl. 61, “ 1
“ “ “ “ “ 7
pallidicincta, “ 446.
Cyanocitta arizonæ, II. 292, pl. 41, “ 2
californica, ♂ “ 288, pl. 40, “ 1
couchi, “ 293.
floridana, ♂ “ 285, “ “ 4
sordida, “ 292, pl. 41, “ 1
sumichrasti, ♂ “ pl. 40, “ 2
woodhousei, ♂ “ 291, “ “ 3
Cyanospiza amœna, ♂ “ 84, pl. 29, “ 11
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12
ciris, ♂ “ 87, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
cyanea, ♂ “ 82, “ “ 13
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 14
parellina, ♂ “ “ “ 6
versicolor, ♂ “ 86, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10
Cyanura coronata, ♂ “ pl. 39, “ 4
cristata, ♂ “ 273, pl. 42, “ 3
frontalis, ♂ “ 279, pl. 39, “ 2
macrolopha, ♂ “ 281, “ “ 3
stelleri, ♂ “ 277, “ “ 1
Cyrtonyx massena, III. 492, pl. 61, “ 2
“ ♂ “ “ pl. 64, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
Dendroica æstiva, I. 222, pl. 14, “ 1
albilora, ♂ “ 240, “ “ 7
auduboni, “ 229, pl. 13, “ 1
blackburniæ, ♂ “ 237, “ “ 2
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3
cærulea, ♂ “ 235, “ “ 10
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11
cærulescens, ♂ “ 254, pl. 12, “ 10
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11
castanea, ♂ “ 251, pl. 13, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
chrysopareia, ♂ “ 260, pl. 12, “ 6
coronata, ♂ “ 227, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12
discolor, ♂ “ 276, pl. 14, “ 9
dominica, ♂ “ 240, “ “ 5
graciæ, ♂ “ 243, “ “ 10
kirtlandi, ♂ “ 272, “ “ 5
maculosa, ♂ “ 232, “ “ 2
montana, “ 271, “ “ 3
nigrescens, ♂ “ 258, pl. 12, “ 8
occidentalis, ♂ “ 266, “ “ 5
olivacea, ♂ “ pl. 14, “ 4
palmarum, ♂ “ 273, “ “ 8
pennsylvanica, ♂ “ 245, pl. 13, “ 7
“ (_Juv._) ♂ “ “ “ “ 8
pinus, ♂ “ 268, “ “ 6
striata, ♂ “ 248, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12
townsendi, ♂ “ 265, pl. 12, “ 7
virens, ♂ “ 261, “ “ 4
Dolichonyx orizyvorus, ♂ II. 149, pl. 32, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Ectopistes migratoria, ♂ “ 368, pl. 57, “ 5
Elanus leucurus, III. 198.
Embernagra rufivirgata, II. 47, pl. 28, “ 3
Empidonax acadicus, ♂ “ 374, pl. 44, “ 11
difficilis, “ 380.
flaviventris, ♂ “ 378, “ “ 12
hammondii, ♂ “ 383, “ “ 7
minimus, ♂ “ 372, “ “ 10
obscurus, ♂ “ 381, “ “ 6
pusillus, ♂ “ 366, “ “ 9
traillii, ♂ “ 369, “ “ 8
Eremophila cornuta, ♂ “ 141, pl. 32, “ 1
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2
Euspiza americana, ♂ “ 65, pl. 28, “ 11
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12
townsendi, ♀ “ 68, “ “ 13
Falco anatum, III. 132.
candicans, “ 111.
columbarius, “ 144.
femoralis, “ 155.
isabellinus, “ 171.
islandicus, “ 113.
labradora, “ 117.
pealei, “ 137.
polyagrus, “ 123.
richardsoni, “ 148.
sacer, “ 115.
sparverius, “ 169.
suckleyi, “ 147.
Galeoscoptes carolinensis, I. 52, pl. 3, “ 5
Geococcyx californianus, ♂ II. 492, pl. 48, “ 1
Geothlypis macgillivrayi, ♂ I. 303, pl. 15, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
philadelphia, ♂ “ 301, “ “ 6
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 9
trichas, ♂ “ 297, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
Glaucidium californicum, III. 81.
ferrugineum, “ 85.
Guiraca cærulea, ♂ II. 77, pl. 29, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Gymnokitta cyanocephala, ♂ “ 260, pl. 38, “ 2
Haliaëtus albicilla, III. 324.
leucocephalus, “ 326.
Harporhynchus cinereus, I. 40, pl. 4, “ 2
crissalis, “ 47, “ “ 1
curvirostris, “ 41, pl. 3, “ 3
lecontei, “ 44, pl. 4, “ 3
longirostris, “ 39, pl. 3, “ 2
palmeri, “ 43.
redivivus, “ 45, pl. 4, “ 4
rufus, “ 37, pl. 3, “ 1
Hedymeles ludovicianus, ♂ II. 70, pl. 30, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
melanocephalus, ♂ “ 73, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Heliopædica xantusi, ♂ “ 467, pl. 47, “ 3
Helminthophaga bachmani, ♂ I. 194, pl. 11, “ 3
celata (_var._ Cape Lucas), “ 204, “ “ 4
“ (_var._ Florida), “ “ “ 6
“ (_var._ Rocky Mts.), I. 202, “ “ 5
chrysoptera, ♂ “ 192, “ “ 2
luciæ, “ 200, “ “ 9
peregrina (_in spring_), “ 205, “ “ 10
“ (_in autumn_), “ “ “ “ 11
pinus, ♂ “ 195, “ “ 1
ruficapilla, “ 196, “ “ 7
“ (_var._ Calif.), “ “ “ 8
virginiæ, “ 199, “ “ 12
Helmitherus swainsoni, “ 190, pl. 10, “ 9
vermivorus, “ 187, “ “ 10
Hesperiphona montana, “ 449, pl. 22, “ 4
vespertina, ♂ “ “ “ “ 1
Hirundo horreorum, ♂ “ 339, pl. 16, “ 9
Hylotomus pileatus, ♀ II. 550, pl. 56, “ 4
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 5
Icteria longicauda, I. 309.
virens, ♂ “ 307, pl. 15, “ 12
Icterus auduboni, ♂ II. 186, pl. 35, “ 1
baltimore, ♂ “ 195, “ “ 5
bullocki, ♂ “ 199, pl. 34, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7
cucullatus, ♂ “ 193, pl. 35, “ 6
parisorum, ♂ “ 188, “ “ 7
spurius, ♂ “ 190, pl. 34, “ 4
“ (_Juv._) ♂ “ “ “ “ 5
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
wagleri, ♂ “ pl. 35, “ 2
Ictinia mississippiensis, III. 203.
Junco aikeni, ♂ I. 584, pl. 26, “ 6
caniceps, ♂ “ 587, “ “ 3
hyemalis, ♂ “ 580, “ “ 5
oregonus, ♂ “ 584, “ “ 2
Lagopus albus, III. 457, pl. 61, “ 8
“ (_summer_), ♂ “ “ pl. 62, “ 1
“ (_winter_), ♂ “ “ “ “ 3
“ (_summer_), ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
leucurus (_summer_), ♂ “ 464, “ “ 6
rupestris (_winter_), ♂ “ 462, “ “ 4
“ (_summer_), ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Lanivireo cassini, ♂ I. 376, pl. 17, “ 9
flavifrons, ♂ “ 379, “ “ 5
plumbea, ♂ “ 377, “ “ 10
solitaria, ♂ “ 373, “ “ 8
Leucosticte arctous, “ pl. 23, “ 10
australis, “ “ “ 9
campestris, “ 507, “ “ 7
griseinucha, ♂ “ 508, “ “ 5
littoralis, “ 507, “ “ 6
tephrocotis, “ 504, “ “ 8
Lophophanes atricristatus, “ 90, pl. 6, “ 2
bicolor, “ 87, “ “ 1
inornatus, “ 91, “ “ 3
wollweberi, “ 93, “ “ 4
Lophortyx californicus, III. 479, pl. 61, “ 4
“ ♂ “ “ pl. 64, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
gambeli, ♂ “ 482, “ “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Loxia americana, ♂ I. 484, pl. 23, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
leucoptera, ♂ “ 488, “ “ 2
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3
mexicana, “ “
Melanerpes angustifrons, ♂ II. 573, pl. 53, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
erythrocephalus, ♂ “ 564, pl. 54, “ 4
formicivorus, ♂ “ 566, pl. 53, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
torquatus, ♂ “ 561, pl. 54, “ 5
Meleagris gallopavo, III. 404.
mexicana, “ 410.
Melopeleia leucoptera, ♂ “ 376, pl. 58, “ 4
Melospiza fallax, ♀ II. 22, pl. 27, “ 10
guttata, “ 27, “ “ 12
heermanni, ♂ “ 24, “ “ 9
insignis, “ 30, “ “ 8
lincolni, “ 31, “ “ 13
melodia, “ 19, “ “ 6
palustris, ♂ “ 34, pl. 28, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
rufina, “ 29, pl. 27, “ 11
samuelis, “ 26, “ “ 7
Micrathene whitneyi, III. 87.
Milvulus forficatus, ♂ II. 311, pl. 43, “ 1
tyrannus, “ 309.
Mimus polyglottus, I. 49, pl. 3, “ 4
Mitrephorus pallescens, ♂ II. 386, pl. 44, “ 13
Mniotilta varia, ♂ I. 180, pl. 10, “ 6
Molothrus pecoris, ♀ II. 154, pl. 32, “ 6
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7
obscurus, ♂ “ “ “ 8
Motacilla alba, I. 165, pl. 10, “ 1
Myiadestes townsendi, ♂ “ 409, pl. 18, “ 5
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 6
Myiarchus cinerascens, ♂ II. 337, pl. 43, “ 8
crinitus, ♂ “ “ “ 7
lawrencii, ♂ “ “ “ 9
Myiodioctes canadensis, ♂ I. 320, pl. 16, “ 6
minutus, “ 316, “ “ 2
mitratus, ♂ “ 314, pl. 15, “ 10
“ ♀ “ “ “ 11
pileolatus, “ 319.
pusillus, ♂ “ 317, pl. 16, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
Nauclerus forficatus, III. 192.
Neocorys spraguei, ♀ I. 175, pl. 10, “ 5
Nephœcetes niger, ♀ II. 429, pl. 45, “ 4
Nisus cooperi, III. 230.
fuscus, “ 224.
mexicanus, “ 231.
Nyctale richardsoni, “ 40.
acadica, “ 43.
Nyctea scandiaca, “ 70.
Onychotes gruberi, “ 254.
Oporornis agilis, ♂ I. 290, pl. 15, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
formosa, ♂ “ 293, “ “ 3
Oreopeleia martinica, ♂ III. 393, pl. 58, “ 1
Oreortyx pictus, ♂ “ 475, pl. 63, “ 5
Oreoscoptes montanus, I. 32, pl. 3, “ 6
Ortalida macalli, II. 398, pl. 57, “ 1
Ortyx texanus, ♀ III. 474, pl. 63, “ 4
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 3
virginianus, ♂ “ 468, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Otus brachyotus, “ 22.
wilsonianus, “ 18.
Pandion carolinensis, “ 184.
Panyptila melanoleuca, ♂ II. 424, pl. 45, “ 5
Parula americana, ♂ I. 208, pl. 10, “ 7
Parus atricapillus, “ 96, pl. 7, “ 1
carolinensis, “ 102, “ “ 4
hudsonicus, “ 105, “ “ 7
montanus, “ 95, “ “ 5
occidentalis, “ 101, “ “ 3
rufescens, “ 104, “ “ 6
septentrionalis, “ 99, “ “ 2
Passerculus alaudinus, “ 537, pl. 24, “ 11
anthinus, “ 539, “ “ 10
caboti, II. pl. 46, “ 9
guttatus, I. 544, pl. 25, “ 1
princeps, “ 540, “ “ 2
rostratus, “ 542, pl. 24, “ 12
sandwichensis, “ 538, “ “ 9
savanna, “ 534, “ “ 8
Passerella iliaca, II. 50, pl. 28, “ 7
megarrhyncha, “ 57, “ “ 10
schistacea, “ 56.
townsendi, ♀ “ 53, “ “ 8
Pediœcetes columbianus, III. 434, pl. 60, “ 1
phasianellus, “ 436, “ “ 3
Perisoreus canadensis, ♂ II. 299, pl. 41, “ 3
“ (_Juv._) “ pl. 42, “ 4
capitalis, ♂ II. 302, pl. 41, “ 4
obscurus, “ “
Perissoglossa carbonata, I. 214, pl. 12, “ 3
tigrina, ♂ “ 212, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Petrochelidon lunifrons, ♂ “ 334, pl. 16, “ 13
Peucæa æstivalis, II. 39, pl. 28, “ 4
arizonæ, “ 41.
carpalis, “ pl. 46, “ 8
cassini, “ 42, pl. 28, “ 5
ruficeps, “ 45, “ “ 6
Phainopepla nitens, ♂ I. 405, pl. 18, “ 3
“ ♂ “ “ “ 4
Phonipara zena, ♂ II. 93, pl. 29, “ 15
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 16
Phyllopneuste borealis, I. pl. 5, “ 5
Pica hudsonica, ♂ II. 266, pl. 38, “ 1
nuttalli, ♂ “ 270, “ “ 3
Picicorvus columbianus, “ 255, “ “ 4
Picoides americanus, ♂ “ 532, pl. 50, “ 2
arcticus, ♂ “ 530, “ “ 1
Picus albolarvatus, ♂ “ 526, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
borealis, ♂ “ 524, pl. 49, “ 8
gairdneri, “ 512.
harrisi, “ 507.
lucasanus, “ 519.
nuttalli, ♂ “ 521, pl. 50, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
pubescens, ♂ “ 509, pl. 49, “ 6
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7
scalaris, ♂ “ 515, pl. 50, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
villosus, ♂ “ 503, pl. 49, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
“ (_Juv._) ♂ “ “ “ “ 5
Pinicola enucleator, ♂ I. 453, pl. 21, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Pipilo aberti, ♂ II. 128, pl. 31, “ 7
albigula, ♂ “ 127, “ “ 11
alleni, “ 112.
arcticus, ♂ “ 119, “ “ 5
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
chlorura, ♂ “ 131, “ “ 4
crissalis, ♂ “ 122, “ “ 8
erythrophthalmus, ♂ “ 109, “ “ 2
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 3
megalonyx, ♀ “ 113, “ “ 9
mesoleucus, ♂ “ 125, “ “ 10
oregonus, ♀ “ 116, “ “ 12
Plectrophanes lapponicus,
♂ I. 515, pl. 24, “ 7
maccowni, ♂ “ 523, “ “ 1
melanomus, ♂ “ 521, “ “ 6
nivalis, ♂ “ 512, “ “ 2
ornatus, ♂ “ 520, “ “ 3
pictus, ♂ “ 518, “ “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Polioptila cærulea, “ 78, pl. 6, “ 5
melanura, “ 81, “ “ 7
plumbea, “ 80, “ “ 6
Polyborus auduboni, III. 178.
Poocætes gramineus, II. 545, pl. 29, “ 1
Poospiza belli, I. 593, pl. 26, “ 9
bilineata, ♂ “ 590, “ “ 8
nevadensis, “ 594.
Progne cryptoleuca, “ 332.
subis, ♀ “ 329, pl. 16, “ 7
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 10
Protonotaria citrea, “ 184, pl. 10, “ 8
Psaltriparus melanotis, “ 108, pl. 7, “ 8
minimus, “ 109, “ “ 9
plumbeus, “ 110, “ “ 10
Pseudogryphus californianus, III. 338.
Psilorhinus morio, ♀ II. 304, pl. 42, “ 2
Pyranga æstiva, ♂ I. 441, pl. 20, “ 5
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
cooperi, ♂ “ 444, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
hepatica, ♂ “ 440, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10
ludoviciana, ♂ “ 437, “ “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
rubra, ♂ “ 435, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
Pyrgita domestica, “ 525, pl. 23, “ 12
Pyrocephalus mexicanus, ♂ II. 387, pl. 44, “ 5
Pyrrhula cassini, ♂ I. 457, pl. 23, “ 11
Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, ♂ II. 95, pl. 30, “ 3
Quiscalus æneus, “ 218.
aglæus, ♂ “ 221, pl. 37, “ 2
macrourus, ♂ “ 225, pl. 36, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
major, ♂ “ 222, “ “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
purpureus, ♂ “ 214, pl. 37, “ 1
Regulus calendula, I. 75, pl. 5, “ 9
cuvieri, “ “ “ “ 7
satrapa, “ 73, “ “ 8
Rhinogryphus aura, III. 344.
Rostrhamus sociabilis, “ 209.
Salpinctes obsoletus, I. 135, pl. 8, “ 3
Saxicola œnanthe, “ 60, pl. 5, “ 6
Sayornis fuscus, ♂ II. 343, pl. 45, “ 2
nigricans, ♂ “ 340, “ “ 1
sayus, ♂ “ 347, “ “ 3
Scardafella inca, ♂ III. 387, pl. 58, “ 7
Scolecephalus cyanocephalus,
♀ II. 206, pl. 35, “ 3
ferrugineus, ♂ “ 203, “ “ 4
Scops asio, III. 49.
flammeola, “ 58.
floridana, “ 57.
kennicotti, “ 53.
maccalli, “ 52.
Seiurus aurocapillus, I. 280, pl. 14, “ 11
ludovicianus, ♂ “ 287, “ “ 13
noveboracensis, ♂ “ 283, “ “ 12
Selasphorus platycercus, ♂ II. 462, pl. 47, “ 5
rufus, ♂ “ 459, “ “ 4
Setophaga picta, ♂ “ pl. 46, “ 7
“ ♂ “ pl. 56, “ 3
ruticilla, ♂ I. 322, pl. 16, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Sialia arctica, “ 67, pl. 5, “ 4
mexicana, “ 65, “ “ 2
sialis, “ 62, “ “ 3
Sitta aculeata, “ 117.
canadensis, ♂ “ 118, pl. 8, “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
carolinensis, ♂ “ 114, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
pusilla, “ 122, “ “ 9
pygmæa, “ 120, “ “ 10
Spheotyto hypogæa, III. 90.
Spermophila moreleti, ♂ II. 91, pl. 29, “ 17
Sphyropicus nuchalis, ♂ “ 542, pl. 51, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
ruber, ♂ “ 544, “ “ 6
thyroideus, ♂ “ 547, pl. 56, “ 6
varius, ♂ “ 539, pl. 51, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
williamsoni, ♀ “ 545, “ “ 5
Spizella arizonæ, “ 11.
atrigularis, ♂ I. 15, pl. 26, “ 11
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 12
breweri, II. 13, pl. 27, “ 4
monticola, “ 3, “ “ 5
pallida, “ 11, “ “ 3
pusilla, ♀ “ 5, “ “ 2
socialis, “ 7, “ “ 1
Starnœnas cyanocephala,
♂ III. 395, pl. 58, “ 5
Stelgidopteryx serripennis,
♂ I. 350, pl. 16, “ 12
Stellula calliope, ♂ II. 445, pl. 47, “ 9
Strix pratincola, III. 13.
Sturnella magna, ♂ II. 174, pl. 34, “ 2
neglecta, ♂ “ 176, “ “ 1
Sturnus vulgaris, ♂ “ 229, pl. 35, “ 8
Surnia ulula, III. 75.
Syrnium cinereum, “ 30.
nebulosum, “ 34.
occidentale, “ 38.
Tachycineta bicolor, ♂ I. 344, pl. 16, “ 8
thalassina, ♂ “ 347, “ “ 11
Thaumatias linnæi, II. 468.
Thryothorus berlandieri, I. 144, pl. 9, “ 2
bewicki, ♂ “ 145, “ “ 3
“ “ “ “ “ 4
leucogaster, “ 147.
ludovicianus, “ 142, “ “ 1
spilurus, “ 147.
Trochilus alexandri, ♂ II. 450, pl. 47, “ 1
colubris, ♂ “ 448, “ “ 2
Troglodytes ædon, I. 149, pl. 9, “ 5
alascensis, “ 157, “ “ 8
hyemalis, “ 155, “ “ 9
pacificus, “ “ “ 10
parkmanni, “ 153.
Turdus aliciæ, “ 11, pl. 1, “ 3
auduboni, “ 21, “ “ 8
confinis, “ 27, pl. 2, “ 1
fuscescens, “ 9, pl. 1, “ 5
iliacus, “ 23, pl. 2, “ 4
migratorius, “ 25, “ “ 3
mustelinus, “ 7, pl. 1, “ 1
nævius, “ 29, pl. 2, “ 2
nanus, “ 20, pl. 1, “ 7
pallasi, “ 18, “ “ 6
swainsoni, “ 14, “ “ 4
ustulatus, “ “ “ 2
Tyrannus carolinensis, ♂ II. 316, pl. 43, “ 2
couchi, ♂ “ 329, “ “ 6
dominicensis, ♂ “ 319, “ “ 3
verticalis, ♂ “ 324, “ “ 4
vociferans, ♂ “ 327, “ “ 5
Vireo atricapillus, ♂ I. 383, pl. 17, “ 6
belli, ♂ “ 389, “ “ 13
huttoni, ♂ “ 387, “ “ 12
noveboracensis, ♂ “ 385, “ “ 11
pusillus, ♂ “ 391, “ “ 14
vicinior, ♂ “ 393, “ “ 7
Vireosylvia barbatula, ♂ “ 360, “ “ 1
flavoriridis, “ 366.
gilva, ♂ “ 368, “ “ 3
olivacea, ♂ “ 363, “ “ 2
philadelphica, “ 367, “ “ 4
swainsoni, “ 371.
Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, ♂ II. 167, pl. 32, “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ pl. 33, “ 9
Xanthoura luxuosa, “ 295, pl. 42, “ 1
Zenaida amabilis, ♂ III. 379, pl. 58, “ 3
Zenaidura carolinensis, ♂ “ 383, “ “ 2
Zonotrichia albicollis, ♂ I. 574, pl. 26, “ 10
coronata, ♂ “ 573, “ “ 1
gambeli, ♂ “ 569, pl. 25, “ 11
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 12
leucophrys, (_Juv._) ♂ “ 566, “ “ 9
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 10
querula, (_Ad._) ♂ “ 577, pl. 26, “ 4
“ (_autumn_) “ “ “ “ 7
INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES.
Ani, II. 488.
Bee Martin, II. 316.
Bird of Paradise (Texas), II. 311.
Birds of Prey, III. 1.
Blackbird, Brewer’s, II. 206.
Cow, II. 154.
Crimson-shouldered, II. 163.
Crow, II. 214.
Red and White shouldered, II. 165.
Redwing, II. 159.
Rusty, II. 203.
Savanna, II. 488.
Swamp, II. 159.
White-winged, II. 61.
Yellow-headed, II. 167.
Black Warrior, III. 292.
Bluebird, Eastern, I. 62.
California, I. 65.
Rocky Mountain, I. 67.
Bobolink, II. 149.
Bob-White, III. 468.
Bull-Bat, II. 401.
Bullfinch, Cassin’s, I. 457.
Bunting, Arctic, II. 119.
Baird’s, I. 531.
Bay-winged, I. 545.
Black-crowned, I. 573.
Black-throated, II. 65.
Blue, II. 82.
Cañon, II. 125.
Chestnut-collared, I. 520.
Green-tailed, II. 131.
Henslow’s, I. 550.
Indigo, II. 82.
Lark, II. 61.
Leconte’s, I. 552.
Long-clawed, II. 113.
Maccown’s, I. 523.
Painted, II. 87.
Seaside, I. 560.
Sharp-tailed, I. 557.
Smith’s, I. 518.
Townsend’s, II. 68.
Varied, II. 86.
Western Yellow-winged, I. 556.
Yellow-winged, I. 553.
Burion, I. 465, 466, 468.
Bush-Titmouse, Black-eared, I. 108.
Lead-colored, I. 110.
Least, I. 109.
Yellow-headed, I. 112.
Butcher-Bird, I. 415.
Buzzard, Harris’s, III. 250.
Turkey, III.
Cardinal, Cape, II. 103.
Grosbeak, II. 100.
Texas, II. 95.
Catbird, I. 52.
Cedar-Bird, I. 401.
Chacalacca, Texas, III. 398.
Chaparral Cock, II. 472.
Chat, Long-tailed, I. 309.
Yellow-breasted, I. 390.
Chatterer, Bohemian, I. 396.
Chewink, II. 109.
Florida, II. 112.
White-eyed, II. 112.
Chickadee, Brown-capped, I. 105.
Chestnut-backed, I. 104.
Eastern, I. 96.
Hudson’s Bay, I. 105.
Long-tailed, I. 99.
Mountain, I. 95.
Southern, I. 102.
Western, I. 101.
White-browed, I. 95.
Chippy, II. 7.
Chuck-Will’s Widow, II. 410.
Cock of the Plains, III. 429.
Condor, California, III. 338.
Cowbird, II. 154.
Creepers, I. 124, 425.
Creeper, Bahama, I. 428.
Brown, I. 125.
Mexican, I. 128.
Crossbill, Mexican, I. 488.
Red, I. 484.
White-winged, I. 488.
Crow, Carrion, III. 351.
Clarke’s, II. 255.
Common, II. 243.
Fish, II. 251.
Florida, II. 247.
Northwestern Fish, II. 248.
White-necked, II. 242.
Cuckoos, II. 470.
Cuckoo, Black-billed, II. 484.
Mangrove, II. 482.
Yellow-billed, II. 477.
Curassows, III. 397.
Dipper, American, I. 56.
Dove, Carolina, or Common, III. 383.
Ground, III. 389.
Red-billed, III. 363.
Scaly, III. 387.
White-winged, III. 376.
Zenaida, III. 379.
Eagle, American, III. 326.
Bald, III. 326.
Caracara, III. 178.
Golden, III. 314.
Ring-tailed, III. 314.
Emerald, Linnæus’s, II. 468.
Falcons, III. 103.
Falcon, American Peregrine, III. 132.
Aplomado, III. 155.
Black Peregrine, III. 137.
Prairie, III. 123.
Finches, I. 466.
Finch, Black-faced, II. 93.
Blanding’s, II. 131.
California Purple, I. 465.
Cañon, II. 122.
Cassin’s Purple, I. 460.
Crimson-fronted, I. 465, 466.
Eastern Purple, I. 462.
Gray-cheeked, I. 507.
Gray-crowned, I. 504.
Gray-eared, I. 508.
Hepburn’s, I. 507.
Lazuli, II. 84.
Lincoln’s, II. 31.
Mountain, II. 3.
Painted, II. 87.
Summer, II. 39.
Yellow-throated, II. 65.
Flicker, II. 575.
Cape, II. 583.
Hybrid, II. 582.
Red-shafted, II. 578.
Flycatcher, Arkansas, II. 324.
Ash-throated, II. 337.
Buff-breasted Least, II. 386.
Canada, I. 320.
Cassin’s, II. 327.
Crested, II. 334.
Fork-tailed, II. 309.
Great-crested, II. 334.
Green Black-capped, I. 317.
Hammond’s, II. 383.
Least, II. 372.
Little, II. 366.
Mexican Olive-sided, II. 356.
Olive-sided, II. 353.
Red, II. 387.
Shining-crested, I. 405.
Small-headed, I. 316.
Small Green-crested, II. 374.
Swallow-tail, II. 311.
Traill’s, II. 369.
Western Yellow-bellied, II. 380.
Wright’s, II. 381.
Yellow-bellied, II. 378.
Gerfalcon, Black, III. 117.
Iceland, III. 113.
McFarlane’s, III. 115.
White, III. 111.
Gnatcatcher, Arizona, I. 80.
Black-capped, I. 81.
Blue-gray, I. 78.
Eastern, I. 78.
Lead-colored, I. 80.
Goatsuckers, II. 398.
Goatsucker, Long-winged, II. 401.
Short-winged, II. 410.
Goldfinch, Arizona, I. 476.
Arkansas, I. 474.
Black, I. 478.
Lawrence’s, I. 478.
Mexican, I. 478.
Pine, I. 480.
Rocky Mountain, I. 474.
Goshawk, American, III. 237.
Grakle, Boat-tailed, II. 222.
Bronzed, II. 218.
Florida, II. 221.
Great-tailed, II. 225.
Purple, II. 215.
Greenlet, Florida, I. 360.
Philadelphia, I. 367.
Red-eyed, I. 363.
Warbling, I. 368.
Western Warbling, I. 371.
Grosbeak, Black-headed, II. 73.
Blue, II. 77.
Evening, I. 449.
Pine, I. 453.
Rose-breasted, II. 70.
Ground-Tits, I. 83, 84.
Grouse, III. 414.
Canada, III. 416.
Dusky, III. 422.
Franklin’s, III. 419.
Oregon, III. 454.
Oregon Dusky, III. 425.
Pinnated, III. 440.
Richardson’s Dusky, III. 427.
Ruffled, III. 448.
Sharp-tailed, III. 434.
Shoulder-knot, III. 448.
Spotted, III. 416.
Willow, III. 457.
Gyrfalcon. _See_ Gerfalcon.
Hang-Nest, II. 195.
Harrier, American, III. 214.
Hawk, American Sparrow, III. 169.
Baird’s, III. 263.
Band-tail, III. 272.
Black, III. 304.
Broad-winged, III. 259.
California Squirrel, III. 300.
Cooper’s, III. 230.
Cooper’s Red-tailed, III. 295.
Duck, III. 132.
Fish, III. 184.
Gruber’s, III. 254.
Harlan’s, III. 292.
Marsh, III. 214.
Mexican, III. 246.
Mexican Blue-backed, III. 231.
Pigeon, III. 144.
Red-bellied, III. 277.
Red-shouldered, III. 275.
Red-tailed, III. 281.
Rough-legged, III. 304.
Sharp-shinned, III. 224.
Sharp-winged, III. 266.
Swainson’s, III. 263.
Swallow-tailed, III. 192.
Heathcock, Black-spotted, III. 416.
High-Holder, II. 575.
Hoot-Owl, III. 34.
House-Finch, California, I. 468.
Hummer, Ruffed, II. 457.
Humming-Birds, II. 437.
Humming-Bird, Anna, II. 454.
Black-chinned, II. 450.
Broad-tailed, II. 462.
Calliope, II. 445.
Costa’s, II. 457.
Heloisa’s, II. 465.
Ruby-throated, II. 448.
Rufous-backed, II. 459.
Xantus’s, II. 467.
Indigo-Bird, II. 82.
Jackdaw, II. 222.
Jay, Alaskan Gray, II. 302.
Blue, II. 273.
Brown, II. 304.
California, II. 288.
Canada, II. 299.
Florida, II. 285.
Green, II. 295.
Long-crested, II. 281.
Maximilian’s, II. 260.
Rocky Mountain Gray, II. 302.
Sierra, II. 279.
Steller’s, II. 277.
Ultramarine, II. 293.
Woodhouse’s, II. 291.
Kestrel, American, III. 169.
Kingbird, II. 316.
Couch’s, II. 329.
Gray, II. 319.
King-Buzzard, III. 178.
Kingfishers, II. 391.
Kingfisher, Belted, II. 392.
Green, II. 396.
Texas, II. 396.
Kinglet, Cuvier’s, I. 75.
Golden-crowned, I. 73.
Ruby-crowned, I. 75.
Kite, Black-shouldered, III. 198.
Blue, III. 203.
Everglade, III. 203.
Fork-tailed, III. 192.
Hook-bill, III. 203.
Mississippi, III. 203.
White-tailed, III. 198.
Lanner, American, III. 123.
Lark, Meadow, II. 174.
Old Field, II. 174.
Western, II. 176.
Linnet, Brewster’s, I. 501.
House, I. 465.
Red-headed, I. 468.
Log-Cock, II. 550.
Loggerhead, I. 418.
Western, I. 421.
Longspur, Black-bellied, I. 520.
Black-shouldered, I. 521.
Chestnut-shouldered, I. 523.
Lapland, I. 515.
Painted, I. 518.
Magpie, II. 266.
Yellow-billed, II. 270.
Martin, Cuban, I. 332.
Purple, I. 329.
Sand, I. 353.
Marsh-Wren, Long-billed, I. 161.
Short-billed, I. 159.
Merlin, American, III. 144.
Black, III. 147.
Richardson’s, III. 148.
Mocking-Bird, I. 49.
Moose-Bird, II. 299.
Night-Hawk, II. 401.
Texas, II. 406.
Western, II. 404.
Nonpareil, II. 87.
Nuthatch, Brown-headed, I. 122.
Pygmy, I. 120.
Red-bellied, I. 118.
Slender-billed, I. 117.
White-bellied, I. 114.
Orioles, II. 147.
Oriole, Audubon’s, II. 186.
Baltimore, II. 195.
Bullock’s, II. 199.
Hooded, II. 193.
Orchard, II. 190.
Red-winged, II. 159.
Scott’s, II. 188.
Osprey, American, III. 184.
Owls, III. 4.
Owl, American Barn, III. 13.
American Hawk, III. 75.
American Snowy, III. 70.
American Sparrow, III. 40.
Barred, III. 34.
Burrowing, III. 90.
California Pygmy, III. 81.
Feilner’s, III. 58.
Great Gray, III. 30.
Great Horned, III. 62.
Kennicott’s, III. 53.
Kirtland’s, III. 43.
Lesser-horned, III. 18.
Little Red, III. 49.
Long-eared, III. 18.
Marsh, III. 22.
Mottled, III. 49.
Red-tailed, III. 85.
Richardson’s, III. 40.
Saw-whet, III. 43.
Short-eared, III. 22.
Spotted, III. 38.
Western-barred, III. 38.
Western Great-horned, III. 64.
Western-mottled, III. 52.
White-fronted, III. 43.
Whitney’s, III. 87.
Paisano, II. 472.
Parakeet, II. 587.
Parrots, II. 585.
Parrot, Carolina, II. 587.
Illinois, II. 587.
Orange-headed, II. 587.
Partridge, III. 448, 466, 468.
Massena, III. 492.
Mountain, III. 453.
Plumed, III. 475.
Scaled or Blue, III. 487.
Spruce, III. 416.
Pewee, II. 343.
Black, II. 340.
Say’s, II. 347.
Short-legged, II. 360.
Western Wood, II. 360.
Wood, II. 357.
Pheasant, III. 448.
Phœbe-Bird, II. 343.
Pigeons, III. 357.
Pigeon, Band-tailed, III. 360.
Blue-headed, III. 395.
Key West, III. 393.
Passenger, III. 368.
White-headed, III. 363.
Wild, III. 368.
Pipit, American, I. 171.
European, I. 173.
Sprague’s, I. 175.
Poor-Will, II. 417.
Prairie-Chicken, III. 440.
Prairie-Hen, III. 440.
Texas, III. 446.
Ptarmigan, White, III. 457.
Rock, III. 462.
White-tailed, III. 464.
Quail, III. 468.
California, III. 479.
Gambel’s, III. 482.
Mountain, III. 475.
Raven, American, II. 234.
Redbird, II. 100.
Summer, I. 441.
Redbreast, American, I. 25.
Red-Poll, Lesser, I. 493.
Mealy, I. 498.
Redstart, American, I. 322.
Red-Tail, Eastern, III. 282.
St. Lucas, III. 285.
White-bellied, III. 284.
Reedbird, II. 149.
Ricebird, II. 149.
Road-Runner, II. 472.
Robins, I. 25.
Robin, Cape St. Lucas, I. 27.
Golden, II. 195.
Ground, II. 109.
Oregon, I. 29.
Oregon Ground, II. 116.
Sage-Cock, III. 429.
Sapsucker, Larger, II. 503.
Lesser, II. 509.
Scissor-Tail, II. 311.
Screech-Owl, III. 49.
Sea-Eagle, Gray, III. 324.
Seed-Eater, Little, II. 91.
Sharp-Tail, Columbia, III. 436.
Shore-Lark, II. 141.
Shrikes, I. 412.
Shrike, Great Northern, I. 415.
Southern, I. 418.
White-rumped, I. 421.
White-winged, I. 420.
Skylark, II. 136.
Missouri, I. 175.
Snowbirds, I. 580.
Snowbird, Oregon, I. 584.
Red-backed, I. 587.
White-winged, I. 584.
Snow-Bunting, I. 512.
Solitaire, Townsend’s, I. 409.
Sparrows, I. 528.
Sparrow, Arizona, II. 41.
Artemisia, I. 594.
Bachman’s, II. 39.
Bell’s, I. 593.
Black-chinned, II. 15.
Black-hooded, I. 577.
Black-throated, I. 590.
Brewer’s, II. 13.
California Shore, I. 539.
Cassin’s, II. 42.
Chipping, II. 7.
Clay-colored, II. 11.
Field, II. 5.
Fox-colored, II. 50.
Golden-crowned, I. 573.
Grass, I. 545.
Harris’s, I. 577.
Heermann’s Song, II. 24.
House, I. 525.
Ipswich, I. 540.
Kodiak Song, II. 30.
Lark, I. 562.
Little Brown, II. 5.
Northwest Savanna, I. 538.
Oregon Song, II. 27.
Rufous-crowned, II. 45.
Rusty Song, II. 29.
St. Lucas, I. 544.
Samuel’s Song, II. 26.
San Diego, I. 542.
Savanna, I. 534.
Song, II. 19.
Swamp, II. 34.
Texas, II. 47.
Thick-billed, II. 57.
Townsend’s, II. 53.
Tree, II. 3.
Western Chipping, II. 11.
Western Savanna, I. 537.
Western Song, II. 22.
Western White-crowned, I. 569.
White-crowned, I. 566.
White-throated, I. 574.
Starlings, II. 228.
Starling, II. 229.
Swallows, I. 326.
Swallow, Aculeated, II. 432.
Bank, I. 353.
Barn, I. 339.
Chimney, II. 432.
Cliff, I. 334.
Eave, I. 334.
Rough-winged, I. 350.
Violet-green, I. 347.
White-bellied, I. 344.
Swifts, II. 421.
Swift, Black, II. 429.
Oregon Chimney, II. 435.
White-throated, II. 424.
Tanagers, I. 431.
Tanager, Louisiana, I. 437.
Scarlet, I. 435.
Thistle-Bird, I. 471.
Thrasher, Brown, I. 37.
California, I. 45.
Cape St. Lucas, I. 40.
Gray Curve-Bill, I. 41.
Leconte’s, I. 44.
Palmer’s, I. 43.
Red-vented, I. 47.
Sage, I. 32.
Texas, I. 39.
Thrushes, I. 1.
Thrush, Alice’s, I. 11.
Dwarf Hermit, I. 20.
Golden-crowned, I. 280.
Gray-cheeked, I. 11.
Hermit, I. 18.
Louisiana Water, I. 287.
Rocky Mountain Hermit, I. 21.
Olive-backed, I. 14.
Oregon, I. 16.
Red-wing, I. 23.
Rufous-tailed, I. 18.
Small-billed Water, I. 283.
Swainson’s, I. 14.
Tawny, I. 9.
Varied, I. 29.
Wilson’s, I. 9.
Wood, I. 7.
Titlark, I. 171.
Titmice, I. 86.
Titmouse, Black-capped, I. 96.
Black-fronted, I. 87.
Black-tufted, I. 90.
California, I. 91.
Gray-tufted, I. 91.
Striped-headed, I. 93.
Texas, I. 90.
Tufted, I. 87.
Wollweber’s, I. 93.
Towhees, II. 109.
Towhee, Abert’s, II. 128.
Brown, II. 122.
Cape, II. 127.
Troupial, II. 184.
Turkey-Buzzard, III. 344.
Turkeys, III. 402.
Turkey, Mexican, III. 410.
Wild, III. 404.
Tyrant Flycatchers, II. 306.
Vireo, Arizona, I. 393.
Bell’s, I. 389.
Black-capped, I. 383.
Blue-headed, I. 373.
Cassin’s, I. 376.
Hutton’s, I. 387.
Lead-colored, I. 377.
Least, I. 391.
White-eyed, I. 385.
Yellow-green, I. 366.
Yellow-throated, I. 379.
Vultures, III. 335, 338.
Vulture, Black, III. 351.
Red-headed, III. 344.
Wagler, I. 578.
Wagtails, I. 164.
Wagtail, White, I. 165.
Yellow, I. 167.
Warblers, I. 177.
Warbler, Alaska Willow, I. 70.
Arizona, I. 243.
Audubon’s, I. 229.
Bachman’s, I. 194.
Bay-breasted, I. 251.
Black and White, I. 180.
Black and Yellow, I. 232.
Blackburnian, I. 237.
Black-masked Ground, I. 297.
Black-Poll, I. 248.
Black-throated Blue, I. 254.
Black-throated Gray, I. 258.
Black-throated Green, I. 261.
Blue Mountain, I. 271.
Blue-winged Yellow, I. 195.
Blue Yellow-backed, I. 208.
Cærulean, I. 235.
Cape May, I. 212.
Carbonated, I. 214.
Chestnut-sided, I. 245.
Connecticut, I. 290.
Creeping, I. 180.
Golden Swamp, I. 184.
Golden-winged, I. 192.
Hooded, I. 314.
Kentucky, I. 293.
Kirtland’s, I. 272.
Lucy’s, I. 200.
Macgillivray’s Ground, I. 303.
Maryland Yellow-throat, I. 297.
Mourning, I. 301.
Myrtle, I. 227.
Nashville, I. 196.
Olive-headed, I. 258.
Orange-crowned, I. 202.
Orange-throated, I. 237.
Pacific Orange-crowned, I. 204.
Pine-creeping, I. 268.
Prairie, I. 276.
Prothonotary, I. 184.
Rocky Mountain, I. 199.
Swainson’s Swamp, I. 190.
Tennessee, I. 205.
Townsend’s, I. 265.
Virginia’s, I. 199.
Western, I. 266.
Western Yellow-rump, I. 229.
White-throated Blue, I. 235.
Worm-eating Swamp, I. 187.
Yellow Red-poll, I. 273.
Yellow-rump, I. 227.
Yellow-throated Gray, I. 240.
Water Ouzel, I. 56.
Waxwing, Northern, I. 396.
Southern, I. 401.
Wheat-Ear, I. 60.
Whippoorwill, II. 413.
Nuttall’s, II. 417.
Whiskey-Jack, II. 299.
Woodcock, Black, II. 550.
Woodpecker, Black-backed Three-toed, II. 530.
Brown-headed, II. 547.
California, II. 566.
Cape, II. 519.
Downy, II. 509.
Gairdner’s, II. 512.
Gila, II. 558.
Hairy, II. 503.
Harris’s, II. 507.
Ivory-billed, II. 496.
Ladder-backed, II. 515.
Lewis’s, II. 561.
Narrow-fronted, II. 573.
Nuttall’s, II. 521.
Pileated, II. 550.
Red-bellied, II. 554.
Red-breasted, II. 544.
Red-cockaded, II. 524.
Red-headed, II. 564.
Red-naped, II. 542.
White-backed, Three-toed, II. 532.
White-headed, II. 526.
White-rumped, II. 564.
Williamson’s, II. 545.
Yellow-bellied, II. 539, 557.
Yellow-shafted, II. 575.
Wrens, I. 130.
Wren, Alaska, I. 157.
Berlandier’s, I. 144.
Bewick’s, I. 145.
Cactus, I. 132.
Cañon, I. 139.
Cape Cactus, I. 133.
Great Carolina, I. 142.
House, I. 149.
Long-tailed House, I. 145.
Parkman’s, I. 153.
Rock, I. 135.
Western Wood, I. 153.
White-throated Rock, I. 139.
Winter, I. 155.
Wood, I. 149.
Tit, I. 84.
Yellow-Bird, I. 471.
Summer, I. 222.
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES.
Aburria, III. 397.
Acanthis, I. 491.
canescens, I. 498.
holbölli, I. 493.
Acanthylis, II. 431.
pelagica, II. 432.
vauxi, II. 435.
Accipiter, III. 220, 222.
æsalon, III. 142.
ardosiacus, III. 225.
carolinensis, III. 169.
cauda furcata, III. 192.
cooperi, III. 220, 222, 230.
dominicensis, III. 167.
falco freti hudsonis, III. 111.
falco islandicus, III. 113.
falco maculatus, III. 132.
falco niger, III. 137.
falco piscator antillarum, III. 184.
falco piscator carolinensis, III. 184.
fringillarius, III. 222.
fringilloides, III. 225.
fuscus, III. 224, 225.
gyrfalco, III. 111.
lithofalco, III. 142.
mexicanus, III. 231.
milvus carolinensis, III. 192.
minor, III. 169.
palumbarius, III. 144.
pennsylvanicus, III. 225.
pileatus, III. 230.
piscatorius, III. 184.
ruficaudus, III. 282.
trinotatus, III. 220, 222.
velox, III. 225.
Aëtos, III. 312.
Ægiothus, I. 448, 491.
brewsteri, I. 493, 501.
canescens, I. 493, 498.
exilipes, I. 493.
flavirostris, I. 493.
fuscescens, I. 493.
holbölli, I. 493.
linarius, I. 493.
rostratus, I. 493.
Ægithaliscus, I. 107.
melanotis, I. 108.
flaviceps, I. 111, 112.
Ægolius, III. 17.
Æsalon, III. 107, 142.
columbarius, III. 144.
lithofalco, III. 142.
Agelainæ, II. 147, 148.
Agelaius, II. 148, 158.
assimilis, II. 159.
bullocki, II. 199.
gubernator, II. 159, 163.
icterocephalus, II. 167.
longipes, II. 167.
phœniceus, II. 158, 159.
tricolor, II. 159, 165.
xanthocephalus, II. 167.
Agrodoma spraguei, I. 175.
Alauda, II. 135; III. 519.
agrestis, II. 136.
alpestris, II. 139, 143.
arvensis, II. 136.
cælipeta, II. 136.
chrysolæma, II. 144.
cornuta, II. 143.
italica, II. 136.
ludoviciana, I. 171.
magna, II. 171, 174.
minor, II. 144.
montana, II. 136.
pennsylvanica, I. 171.
pratensis, I. 173.
rubra, I. 171.
rufa, I. 164, 170, 171; II. 144.
segetum, II. 136.
spraguei, I. 174, 175.
vulgaris, II. 136.
Alaudidæ, I. 164, 431; II. 135.
Alcedinidæ, II. 391.
Alcedo alcyon, II. 391, 392.
americana, II. 396.
cabanisi, II. 396.
guacu, II. 392.
jaguacate, II. 392.
rudis, II. 391.
viridis, II. 396.
Amazilia xantusi, II. 467.
Ammodromus, I. 529, 556.
Ammodromus bachmani, II. 39.
caudacutus, I. 557.
macgillivrayi, I. 560.
maritimus, I. 560; III. 515.
palustris, II. 34.
rostratus, I. 542.
ruficeps, II. 45.
samuelis, II. 26.
Ampelidæ, I. 3, 356, 395, 431.
Ampelinæ, I. 395.
Ampelis, I. 395.
americana, I. 401.
cedrorum, I. 396, 401.
garrulus, I. 396, 401.
phœnicopterurn, I. 396.
sialis, I. 63.
Angusticolles, II. 492.
Anorthura, I. 131, 149.
Antenor, III. 105.
Anthinæ, I. 164, 169.
Anthus, I. 149, 170.
aquaticus, I. 171.
bogotensis, I. 164, 170.
l’herminieri, I. 284.
ludovicianus, I. 170, 171, 175, 286; III. 509.
pennsylvanica, I. 171.
pipiens, I. 171.
pratensis, I. 170, 173.
reinhardti, I. 171.
rubens, I. 171.
rufus, I. 170.
spinoletta, I. 171.
spraguei, I. 175.
Antrostomus, II. 399, 400, 408.
Antrostomus carolinensis, II. 409, 410; III. 523.
cubanensis, II. 409.
macromystax, II. 409.
nuttalli, II. 409, 417.
vociferus, II. 409, 413.
Aphelocoma, II. 282.
californica, II. 288.
crissoleucus, II. 529.
floridana, II. 285.
Apternus, II. 528.
americanus, II. 532.
arcticus, II. 530.
hirsutus, II. 532.
kamtchatkensis, II. 529.
tridactylus, II. 529.
Aquila, III. 105, 312.
albicilla, III. 324.
americana, III. 184.
canadensis, III. 313, 314.
chrysaëtus, III. 313.
fulva, III. 314.
haliætus, III. 183.
leucocephala, III. 324, 326.
melanaëtus, III. 314.
nobilis, III. 314.
ossifraga, III. 324.
piscatrix, III. 184.
regia, III. 314.
valeria, III. 313.
Archibuteo, III. 105, 297.
ferrugineus, III. 298, 300.
lagopus, III. 298.
regalis, III. 300.
sancti-johannis, III. 299, 304.
Argyrtria maculata, II. 468.
Asio, III. 17.
brachyotus, III. 22.
bubo virginianus, III. 62.
crassirostris, III. 61.
galopagoensis, III. 23.
hypogæa, III. 25.
macrorhyncha, III. 61.
mexicana, III. 61.
nævia, III. 49.
otus, III. 17.
peregrinator, III. 18.
scops carolinensis, III. 49.
Astragalinus mexicanus, I. 478.
tristis, I. 471.
Astur, III. 220, 236.
atricapillus, III. 237.
borealis, III. 282.
cinerea, III. 245, 246.
cooperi, III. 230.
fuscus, III. 224, 275.
hyemalis, III. 275.
latissimus, III. 259.
palumbarius, III. 236, 237.
pennsylvanicus, III. 225, 259.
plagiata, III. 245, 246.
striolatus, III. 245.
unicinctus, III. 249.
velox, III. 225.
Asturina, III. 105, 244.
nitida, III. 245.
Asyndesmus, II. 559.
torquatus, II. 561.
Athene cunicularia, III. 90.
ferruginea, III. 85.
gnoma, III. 81.
hypogæa, III. 90.
nana, III. 85.
noctua, III. 97.
phalænoides, III. 43.
socialis, III. 90.
whitneyi, III. 86, 87.
wilsoni, III. 43.
Attagen rupestris, III. 462.
Atthis, II. 438, 439, 464.
anna, II. 454.
heloisæ, II. 445.
Aulanax, II. 339.
fuscus, II. 343.
nigricans, II. 340.
sayus, II. 347.
Auriparus, I. 86, 111.
flaviceps, I. 112.
Balbusardus, III. 182.
Basileuterus belli, I. 313.
culicivorus, I. 312.
Bathmidurus major, II. 306.
Bidens aurantius, III. 129.
dominicensis, III. 166.
sparverius, III. 166.
Blacicus pallidus, II. 351.
Blagrus, III. 320.
Bæolophus, I. 86, 87.
bicolor, I. 87.
Bombycilla americana, I. 401.
carolinensis, I. 401.
cedrorum, I. 401.
phœnicopterum, I. 396.
Bonasa, III. 414, 446.
cupido, III. 440.
sabini, III. 447, 454.
sylvestris, III. 446.
umbelloides, III. 447, 453.
umbellus, III. 446, 448.
Brachyotus, III. 5, 17, 18.
americanus, III. 23.
cassini (_plate_.), III. 23, 102.
galopagoensis, III. 23.
palustris, III. 22.
Bubo, III. 6, 60.
albifrons, III. 43.
arcticus, III. 60, 64.
asio, III. 49.
clamator, III. 61.
crassirostris, III. 61.
ludovicianus, III. 62.
magellanicus, III. 61, 64.
maximus, III. 60.
mexicanus, III. 60, 61.
otus, III. 17.
pacificus, III. 61, 65.
pinicola, III. 62.
subarcticus, III. 64.
virginianus (_plate_), III. 60, 62, 64, 65, 98, 99, 100, 101.
virginianus arcticus, III. 64.
virginianus atlanticus, III. 62.
virginianus pacificus, III. 64, 65.
Budytes, I. 164, 167.
flava, I. 167, 168.
Butaëtes, III. 297.
lagopus, III. 299.
sancti-johannis, III. 304.
Butaquila, III. 297.
strophiata, III. 297.
Buteo, III. 105, 254.
albicaudatus, III. 266.
albonotatus, III. 272.
americanus, III. 282.
ater, III. 304.
bairdi, III. 263.
borealis, III. 257, 281, 282.
calurus, III. 258, 292.
cenchris, III. 203.
cinereus, III. 263.
cooperi, III. 258, 275, 295.
costaricensis, III. 285.
elegans, III. 257, 277.
ferrugineocaudus, III. 282.
fuliginosus, III. 266.
fulvus, III. 282.
fuscus, III. 275.
gallinivorus, III. 282.
galapagoensis, III. 254.
gutturalis, III. 263.
hamatus, III. 209.
harlani, III. 258, 292.
harrisi, III. 250.
hyemalis, III. 275.
insignatus, III. 263.
krideri, III. 258, 284.
lagopus, III. 299, 304.
leverianus, III. 282.
lineatus, III. 257, 275.
lucasanus, III. 285.
montanus, III. 263.
niger, III. 304.
oxypterus, III. 256, 266.
pennsylvanicus, III. 256, 259.
sancti-johannis, III. 304.
spadiceus, III. 304.
swainsoni, III. 256, 263.
unicinctus, III. 249, 250.
vulgaris, III. 263.
zonocercus, III. 257, 272.
Cacicus alaudarius, II. 174.
Cæreba cyanea, I. 425.
Cærebidæ, I. 163, 425, 431.
Calamospiza, II. 59, 60.
bicolor, II. 61.
Calandritinæ, II. 135.
Callichelidon, I. 327, 338.
cyaneoviridis, I. 338.
Callipepla, III. 466, 487.
californica, III. 479.
gambeli, III. 482.
picta, III. 475.
squamata, III. 487.
strenua, III. 487.
venusta, III. 482.
Calliphlox anna, II. 454.
Calocitta, II. 264.
Calothorax calliope, II. 445.
cyanopogon, II. 445.
Calypte, II. 438, 439, 453.
anna, II. 453, 454.
costæ, II. 453, 457.
floresi, II. 453.
helenæ, II. 453.
Campephilus, II. 493, 494.
bairdi, II. 496.
imperialis, II. 496.
principalis, II. 494, 496.
Campylorhynchus, I. 130, 131.
affinis, I. 131, 133.
brunneicapillus, I. 131, 132; III. 508.
scolopaceus, I. 131.
Canace, III. 415.
canadensis, III. 416.
franklini, III. 419.
fuliginosus, III. 421, 425.
obscurus, III. 421, 422.
richardsoni, III. 422, 427.
Caprimulgidæ, II. 398.
Caprimulginæ, II. 398.
Caprimulgus albicollis, II. 399.
acutipennis, II. 400.
acutus, II. 400.
americanus, II. 401.
brachypterus, II. 410.
carolinensis, II. 408, 410.
clamator, II. 413.
exilis, II. 400.
macromystax, II. 409.
nuttalli, II. 417.
popetue, II. 401.
pruinosus, II. 400.
rufus, II. 410.
semitorquatus, II. 400.
texensis, II. 406.
virginianus, II. 400, 401, 413.
vociferans, II. 413.
vociferus, II. 413.
Caracara, III. 176.
vulgaris, III. 177.
Cardellina, I. 179, 312.
rubra, I. 312.
Cardellineæ, I. 179.
Cardinalis, II. 60, 99.
carneus, II. 99.
coccineus, II. 99.
igneus, II. 99, 103; III. 518.
phœniceus, II. 99.
sinuatus, II. 95.
virginianus, I. 295; II. 99–101.
Carduelis lawrenci, I. 478.
luxuosus, II. 86.
mexicanus, I. 478.
spinoides, I. 470.
psaltria, I. 474.
tristis, I. 471.
Carpodacus, I. 447, 459.
californicus, I. 460, 465.
cassini, I. 459, 460.
familiaris, I. 466, 468.
frontalis, I. 460, 465, 466.
hæmorrhous, I. 460.
obscurus, I. 466.
purpureus, I. 459, 462.
rhodocolpus, I. 460, 468.
Catharista, III. 337, 350.
atrata, III. 355, 356.
californianus, III. 338.
Cathartes, III. 337, 339, 343, 350.
atratus, III. 351.
aura, III. 344.
burrovianus, III. 344.
californianus, III. 338.
falklandicus, III. 345.
fœtens, III. 351.
iota, III. 345, 351.
ruficollis, III. 345.
urubu, III. 351.
vulturinus, III. 338.
Cathartidæ, III. 1, 335.
Cathartinæ, III. 335.
Catharus melpomene, I. 3.
occidentalis, I. 3.
Catherpes, I. 130, 137.
conspersus, I. 139; III. 508.
mexicanus, I. 137–139.
Centrocercus, III. 414, 428.
phasianellus, III. 436.
urophasianus, III. 429.
Centrophanes, I. 510.
calcaratus, I. 515.
lapponicus, I. 515.
ornatus, I. 520.
Centronyx, I. 529, 530.
bairdi, I. 531, 540; III. 514.
Centureæ, II. 492, 553.
Centurus, II. 553.
aurifrons, II. 554, 557.
carolinus, II. 553, 554.
carolinensis, II. 587.
elegans, II. 557.
flaviventris, II. 557.
hoffmanni, II. 554.
hypopolius, II. 558.
santacruzi, II. 557.
subelegans, II. 554.
sulfureiventer, II. 558.
tricolor, II. 554.
uropygialis, II. 554, 558; III. 523.
Ceophloeus pileatus, II. 550.
Cerchneis sparverius, III. 169.
Certhia, I. 124.
americana, I. 125, 128.
caroliniana, I. 142.
costæ, I. 124, 125.
familiaris, I. 124, 125.
flaveola, I. 425, 428.
fusca, I. 125.
maculata, I. 180.
mexicana, I. 125, 128.
palustris, I. 158, 161.
pinus, I. 195.
Certhiadæ, I. 124.
Certhiidæ, I. 431.
Certhiola, I. 425.
bahamensis, I. 427, 428.
bairdi, I. 428.
bananivora, I. 427.
barbadensis, I. 428; III. 512.
bartholemica, I. 428.
caboti, I. 427; III. 512.
chloropyga, I. 428.
dominicana, I. 428.
flaveola, I. 427, 428.
frontalis, I. 428; III. 512.
luteola, I. 427.
major, I. 427.
maritima, I. 212.
martinicana, I. 428.
mexicana, I. 428.
minor, I. 427.
newtoni, I. 427; III. 512.
peruviana, I. 428.
portoricensis, I. 427.
Ceryle, II. 391.
alcyon, II. 392.
americana, II. 396.
cabanisi, II. 396.
Chætura, II. 422, 427, 431.
cinereiventris, II. 431.
pelagica, II. 431, 432.
pelasgia, II. 432.
poliura, II. 431.
sclateri, II. 431.
spinicauda, II. 432.
vauxi, II. 431, 435; III. 523.
Chæturinæ, II. 422, 427.
Chalcophanes macrurus, II. 225.
major, II. 222.
quiscalus, II. 215.
virescens, II. 203.
Chamæa, I. 83.
fasciata, I. 83, 84; III. 507.
Chamæadæ, I. 83.
Chamæpelia, III. 375, 389.
albivitta, III. 389.
granatina, III. 389.
pallescens, III. 389.
passerina, III. 389.
Chamæpelieæ, III. 375.
Chamæpetes, III. 397.
Chelidon thalassina, I. 347.
Chloris, I. 207.
Chloroceryle, II. 391.
Chlorœnas fasciata, III. 360.
flavirostris, III. 366.
monilis, III. 360.
Chondestes, I. 529, 562.
grammaca, I. 562.
strigatus, I. 562.
Chordeiles, II. 399, 400.
acutipennis, II. 400, 406.
brasilianus, II. 406.
henryi, II. 400, 404.
labeculatus, II. 400.
minor, II. 400; III. 523.
peruvianus, II. 400.
popetue, II. 400, 401.
saptii, II. 406.
texensis, II. 400, 406; III. 523.
virginianus, II. 401.
Chrysomitris, I. 447, 470.
arizonæ, I. 471, 476; III. 513.
columbiana, I. 471.
lawrenci, I. 471, 478.
macroptera, I. 480.
mexicana, I. 471, 476, 478.
notata, I. 471.
pinus, I. 471, 480.
psaltria, 470, 474; III. 513.
tristis, I. 470, 471.
Ciccaba, III. 28.
Cichlopsis nitens, I. 405.
Cinclidæ, I. 1, 2, 55.
Cinclus, I. 55.
americanus, I. 56.
aquaticus, I. 58.
ardesiacus, I. 56.
mexicanus, I. 55, 56.
mortoni, I. 56.
pallasi, I. 56.
townsendi, I. 56.
unicolor, I. 56.
Circus, III. 104, 212.
axillaris, III. 197.
campestris, III. 214.
cinereus, III. 214.
cyaneus, III. 213.
cyaneus hudsonius, III. 214.
frenatus, III. 214.
histrionicus, III. 214.
hudsonius, III. 214.
hyemalis, III. 275.
jardini, III. 212.
macropterus, III. 212.
pygargus, III. 213.
uliginosus, III. 214.
Cistothorus, I. 131, 158.
elegans, I. 159.
paludicola, I. 161.
palustris, I. 160, 161.
stellaris, I. 159, 162; III. 509.
Cladoscopus, II. 535.
nuchalis, II. 542.
ruber, II. 544.
varius, II. 539.
Cleptes, II. 264.
hudsonicus, II. 266.
nuttalli, II. 270.
Coccoborus, II. 76.
cæruleus, II. 77.
ludovicianus, II. 70.
melanocephalus, II. 73.
Coccothraustes abeillii, I. 449.
canadensis, I. 453.
cardinalis, II. 100.
ludoviciana, II. 70.
melanocephala, II. 73.
rubricollis, II. 70.
vespertina, I. 449.
virginiana, II. 100.
vulgaris, I. 448.
Coccothraustinæ, I. 446.
Coccyginæ, II. 470.
Coccygus, II. 470, 475.
americanus, II. 476, 477.
bairdi, II. 477.
dominicus, II. 472, 477, 484.
erythrophthalmus, II. 477, 484.
julieni, II. 477.
melanocoryphus, II. 476.
minor, II. 476, 482.
pyrrhopterus, II. 477.
seniculus, II. 482.
Colaptes, II. 492, 573.
auratus, II. 575.
ayresii, II. 582.
chrysocaulosus, II. 575.
chrysoides, II. 575, 583.
collaris, II. 578.
hybridus, II. 582.
mexicanoides, II. 574.
mexicanus, II. 574, 578, 582.
rubricatus, II. 574, 578.
Collocallia, II. 422.
Collurio, I. 412.
borealis, I. 413–415.
elegans, I. 414, 420.
excubitor, I. 412, 414.
excubitoroides, I. 413, 415, 421.
ludovicianus, I. 413, 414, 418.
robustus, I. 413, 420; III. 512.
Columba, III. 357, 358.
albilinea, III. 359.
americana, III. 368.
araucana, III. 359.
canadensis, III. 368.
caribœa, III. 359.
carolinensis, III. 381, 383.
corensis, III. 360.
cyanocephala, III. 394, 395.
denisea, III. 359.
fasciata, III. 358, 360.
flavirostris, III. 360, 366.
griseola, III. 389.
hoilotl, III. 376.
inornata, III. 360, 366.
leucocephala, III. 359, 364.
leucoptera, III. 376.
livia, III. 358.
marginata, III. 383.
martinica, III. 392.
meridionalis, III. 359.
migratoria, III. 367, 368.
monilis, III. 360.
montana, III. 393.
mystacea, III. 393.
passerina, III. 389.
rufina, III. 359, 360.
solitaria, III. 366.
squamosa, III. 387.
trudeaui, III. 376.
zenaida, III. 378.
Columbidæ, III. 357.
Columbigallina montana, III. 393.
Columbinæ, III. 357.
Compsothlypis, I. 207.
americanus, I. 208.
gutturalis, I. 208.
Conirostrum ornatum, I. 112.
superciliosum, I. 208.
Contopus, II. 308, 350.
bahamensis, II. 352.
bogotensis, II. 360.
borealis, II. 350, 353, 356.
brachytarsus, II. 351.
caribæus, II. 351.
cooperi, II. 353.
hispaniolensis, II. 351.
lugubris, II. 351.
mesoleucus, II. 353.
ochraceus, II. 352.
pallidus, II. 351.
pertinax, II. 351, 356.
plebeius, II. 360.
punensis, II. 352.
richardsoni, II. 352, 360.
schotti, II. 351.
sordidulus, II. 360.
virens, I. 249; II. 352, 356, 357.
Conurus, II. 585, 586.
carolinensis, II. 587.
ludovicianus, II. 587.
Cooperastur, III. 220, 222.
Coracias, II. 264.
mexicanus, II. 299.
Coræognathæ, I. 431.
Coragypys, III. 350.
Corthylio, I. 72.
calendula, I. 75.
Corveæ, II. 231.
Corvidæ, I. 431; II. 231.
Corvinæ, II. 231.
Corvus, II. 231, 232.
americanus, II. 243–247.
cacalotl, II. 234.
canadensis, II. 297, 299.
carnivorus, II. 233, 234.
caurinus, II. 233, 248.
columbianus, II. 254, 255.
corax, II. 232.
corone, II. 243.
cristatus, II. 271, 273.
cryptoleucus, II. 233, 242; III. 520.
floridanus, II. 233, 247, 285.
hudsonicus, II. 266.
jamaicensis, II. 234.
leucognaphalus, II. 234.
littoralis, II. 234.
lugubris, II. 234.
megonyx, II. 255.
mexicanus, II. 233.
minutus, II. 234.
nasicus, II. 234.
ossifragus, II. 233, 251.
palliatus, II. 288.
peruvianus, II. 294.
pica, II. 264–266.
stelleri, II. 277.
ultramarinus, II. 288.
Corydalina, II. 60.
bicolor, II. 61.
Corythus, I. 452.
canadensis, I. 453.
enucleator, I. 453.
Coturniculus, I. 529, 548.
bairdi, I. 531.
dorsalis, I. 549.
henslowi, I. 549, 550.
lecontei, I. 549, 552.
manimbe, I. 549.
mexicanus, II. 38.
passerinus, I. 195, 549, 553.
perpallidus, I. 549, 556; III. 515.
tixicrus, I. 553.
Cotyle, I. 327, 353.
riparia, I. 347, 353.
Cracidæ, III. 397.
Cracinæ, III. 397.
Craxirex, III. 248, 254.
unicinctus, III. 250.
Crotophaga, II. 470, 486.
ani, II. 486–488.
lævirostra, II. 488.
major, II. 487.
minor, II. 488.
rugirostra, II. 488.
sulcirostris, II. 487.
Crucirostra leucoptera, I. 488.
Cuculidæ, II. 469, 470.
Cuculus americanus, II. 475, 477.
auratus, II. 573, 575.
carolinensis, II. 477.
cinerosus, II. 477.
dominicensis, II. 477.
dominicus, II. 477.
erythrophthalmus, II. 484.
minor, II. 482.
seniculus, II. 482.
Culicivora atricapilla, I. 81.
cœrulea, I. 78.
mexicana, I. 78, 81.
townsendi, I. 409.
Cuncuma, III. 320.
Cupidonia, III. 414, 439.
americana, III. 440.
cupido, III. 440.
pallidicinctus, III. 440, 446.
Cureus americanus, II. 477.
Curvirostra, I. 448.
americana, I. 484.
leucoptera, I. 488.
Cyanocephalus, II. 259.
Cyanocitta, II. 264, 271, 282.
arizonæ, II. 284, 292.
californica, II. 283, 288; III. 521.
couchi, II. 284, 293.
cristata, II. 273.
floridana, II. 283, 285.
macrolopha, II. 281.
sordida, II. 284, 292.
stelleri, II. 277.
sumichrasti, II. 283.
superciliosa, II. 288.
ultramarina, II. 284.
unicolor, II. 284.
woodhousei, II. 283, 291.
Cyanocorax californicus, II. 288.
cassini, II. 260.
cristatus, II. 273.
cyanicapillus, II. 295.
floridanus, II. 285.
luxuosus, II. 295.
stelleri, II. 277.
unicolor, II. 284.
yncas, II. 295.
Cyanogarrulus cristatus, II. 273.
stelleri, II. 277.
ultramarinus, II. 293.
Cyanoloxia cærulea, II. 77.
Cyanospiza, II. 59, 81.
amœna, II. 81, 84.
ciris, II. 81, 87.
cyanea, II. 81, 82.
leclancheri, II. 82.
versicolor, II. 81, 86.
Cyanura, II. 264, 271; III. 521.
coronata, II. 272.
cristata, II. 271, 273.
diademata, II. 272.
frontalis, II. 272, 279.
galeata, II. 272.
macrolopha, II. 272, 281.
stelleri, II. 272, 277.
Cyanurus cristatus, II. 273.
floridanus, II. 285.
stelleri, II. 277.
Cymindis cinerea, III. 245.
leucopygus, III. 208.
Cypselidæ, I. 326; II. 421.
Cypselinæ, II. 422, 423.
Cypseloides, II. 422.
Cypselus, II. 422.
borealis, II. 429.
melanoleucus, II. 424.
niger, II. 429.
pelasgius, II. 432.
poliurus, II. 431.
spinicauda, II. 431.
spinicaudus, II. 432.
vauxi, II. 435.
Cyrtonyx, III. 466, 491.
massena, III. 492.
ocellatus, III. 492.
Dædalion, III. 220, 236.
nitidum, III. 245.
Dædalium, III. 220, 236.
Dendragapus, III. 421.
obscurus, III. 422.
richardsoni, III. 427.
Dendrochelidon, II. 422.
Dendrocopus principalis, II. 496.
pubescens, II. 509.
varius, II. 539.
villosus, II. 503.
Dendrofalco, III. 142.
Dendroica, I. 178, 215.
adelaidæ, I. 220, 241.
æstiva, I. 70, 200, 215, 216, 222, 234, 237, 246, 277, 318, 324,
325.
albilora, I. 220, 241; III. 510.
atricapilla, I. 248.
auduboni, I. 215, 219, 229, 260, 272; III. 509.
aureola, I. 217.
blackburniæ, I. 220, 237; III. 510.
bryanti, I. 218, 223; III. 509.
cœrulea, I. 219, 235; III. 510.
cærulescens, I. 218, 254, 267.
canadensis, I. 254.
capitalis, I. 217.
carbonata, I. 214.
castanea, I. 215, 219, 248, 251, 271, 313; III. 510.
chrysopareia, I. 221, 260, 262, 266, 268.
coronata, I. 215, 219, 227, 230, 231, 254, 260, 272.
decora, I. 220, 244; III. 510.
discolor, I. 222, 276.
dominica, I. 215, 220, 240, 241; III. 510.
eoa, I. 218.
graciæ, I. 220, 241, 243, 244, 260.
gundlachi, I. 216.
kirtlandi, I. 215, 221, 272.
maculosa, I. 219, 232, 257.
montana, I. 222, 271.
nigrescens, I. 221, 258; III. 511.
niveiventris, I. 266.
occidentalis, I. 221, 261, 262, 266, 268; III. 511.
olivacea, I. 218, 258.
palmarum, I. 215, 222, 269, 273.
pennsylvanica, I. 215, 219, 245.
petechia, I. 216, 217.
pharetra, I. 220.
pinus, I. 222, 268, 271, 274.
pityophila, I. 221.
ruficapilla, I. 217.
ruficeps, I. 217.
rufigula, I. 217.
striata, I. 215, 219, 248.
superciliosa, I. 240.
tigrina, I. 212.
townsendi, I. 221, 261, 262, 265; III. 511.
vieilloti, I. 217.
virens, I. 221, 239, 261, 262.
Despotes tyrannus, II. 309.
Diplopterus viaticus, II. 472.
Dolichonyx, II. 148.
agripennis, II. 149.
bicolor, II. 61.
oryzivorus, II. 149; III. 519.
Dryobates, II. 500, 502.
harrisi, II. 507.
homorus, II. 512.
leucomelas, II. 503.
pubescens, II. 509.
turati, II. 512.
villosus, II. 503.
Dryocopus pileatus, II. 550.
principalis, II. 496.
Dryopicus, II. 548.
pileatus, II. 550.
Dryotomus, II. 548.
pileatus, II. 550.
principalis, II. 496.
Dyctiopicus, II. 501, 514.
scalaris, II. 515.
Dyctiopipo, II. 514.
scalaris, II. 515.
Dysornithia, II. 297.
canadensis, II. 299.