_Personality_ of divine agents in mythes, i. 2.
_Personification_, tendency of the ancient Greeks to, i. 342 _seq._;
of the heavenly bodies by Boiocalus, the German chief, i. 345 _n._
_Pestilence_ and suffering at Athens after the Kylonian massacre,
iii. 84.
_Petalism_ at Syracuse, iv. 163, vii. 122.
_Peuke_, xii. 23, 25 _n._ 2.
_Peukestes_, xii. 234, 238.
_Pezetæri_, xii. 59.
_Phæax_, expedition of, to Sicily, vii. 143.
_Phalækus_ succeeds to the command of the Phokians, xi. 301;
decline of the Phokians under, xi. 374, 418;
opposition to, in Phokis, xi. 375;
opposition of, to aid from Athens to Thermopylæ, xi. 376;
position of, at Thermopylæ, xi. 375, 418 _seq._;
death of, xi. 434.
_Phalanthus_, œkist of Tarentum, iii. 387 _seq._
_Phalanx_, Macedonian, xi. 501, xii. 57 _seq._, 251.
_Phalaris_, iv. 378, v. 204.
_Phalerium_, Xerxes at, v. 118.
_Phalinus_, ix. 52.
_Phanes_, and Zeus, i. 18.
_Phanosthenes_, viii. 159.
_Pharakidas_, x. 504 _seq._
_Pharax_, ix. 270, 271 _n._ 3.
_Pharax the officer of Dionysius_, xi. 115, 116, 133.
_Pharis_, conquest of, ii. 420.
_Pharnabazus_ and Tissaphernês, embassy from, to Sparta, vii. 366;
and Derkyllidas, viii. 94;
and Athens, viii. 114, 125;
Athenian victory over, viii. 130;
convention of, about Chalkêdon, viii. 132;
and Alkibiades, viii. 133, 311 _seq._;
and Greek envoys, viii. 135, 137;
after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 311;
and Anaxibius, ix. 154, 166;
and Lysander, ix. 204;
and the subsatrapy of Æolis, ix. 210 _seq._;
and Agesilaus, ix. 269, 279 _seq._;
and Konon, ix. 283, 322, 325 _seq._;
and Abydos, ix. 324;
and the anti-Spartan allies at Corinth, ix. 327;
and the Syracusans, x. 386;
anti-Macedonian efforts of, xii. 127;
capture of, with his force, at Chios, xii. 142.
_Pharsalus_, Polydamas of, x. 137 _seq._;
and Halus, xi. 411.
_Phaselis_, Alexander at, xii. 100.
_Phayllus_, xi. 293, 297 _seq._, 301.
_Pheidias_, vi. 23, 102.
_Pheidôn the Temenid_, ii. 314;
claims and projects of, as representative of Hêraklês, ii. 316;
and the Olympic games, ii. 316 _seq._;
coinage and scale of, ii. 318 _seq._, 323 _seq._;
various descriptions of, ii. 320.
_Pheidôn, one of the Thirty_, viii. 271, 293.
_Phenicia_, ante-Hellenic colonies from, to Greece not probable,
ii. 262 _seq._;
situation and cities of, iii. 267;
reconquest of, by Darius Nothus, xi. 438, 440 _n._ 3;
Alexander in, xii. 130 _seq._, 150.
_Phenician_ version of the legend of Io, i. 86;
colonies, iii. 271 _seq._;
fleet at Aspendus, viii. 99, 100, 114;
towns, surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 130, 132.
_Phenicians_ in Homeric times, ii. 103 _seq._;
historical, iii. 204, 289, 303, 308, 342 _seq._;
and Persians, subjugation of Cyprus by, iv. 293;
and Persians at Milêtus, iv. 300 _seq._;
and Persians, reconquest of Asiatic Greeks by, iv. 307;
and the cutting through Athos, v. 24;
and Greeks in Sicily, v. 207;
in Cyprus, x. 14 _seq._
_Pheræ, Jason of_, x. 138 _seq._, x. 147 _n._, 153, 189 _seq._,
195 _seq._
_Pheræ, Alexander of_, x. 248, xi. 202 _seq._;
despots of, xi. 202 _seq._;
Philip and the despots of, xi. 261, 292, 294 _seq._;
Philip takes the oath of alliance with Athens at, xi. 417;
Alexander of, and Pelopidas, 256, 277 _seq._, 297, 301 _seq._;
Alexander of, subdued by the Thebans, x. 309 _seq._;
hostilities of Alexander of, against Athens, x. 369.
_Pherekydes_, i. 390, iv. 390.
_Phretime_, iv. 45 _seq._
_Philæus_, eponym of an Attic dême, i. 189.
_Philaidæ_, origin of, i. 189.
_Philip of Macedon_, detained as a hostage at Thebes, x. 249 _n._ 1,
263, xi. 207 _seq._;
accession of, x. 382, xi. 212 _seq._;
as subordinate governor in Macedonia, xi. 207, 208;
position of, on the death of Perdikkas, xi. 209;
capture of Amphipolis by, xi. 232 _seq._;
his alliance with Olynthus and hostilities against Athens,
xi. 236 _seq._;
capture of Pydna and Potidæa by, xi. 237 _seq._;
increased power of, B. C. 358-356, xi. 239;
marriage of, with Olympias, xi. 240;
intrigue of, with Kersobleptes against Athens, xi. 158;
his activity, and conquest of Methônê, xi. 259 _seq._;
and the despots of Pheræ, xi. 261, 292 _seq._;
development of Macedonian military force under, xi. 282 _seq._;
and Onomarchus, xi. 293;
conquest of Pheræ and Pagasæ by, xi. 295;
checked at Thermopylæ by the Athenians, xi. 296;
power and attitude of, B. C. 352-351, xi. 322;
naval power and operations of, B. C. 351, xi. 297 _seq._;
in Thrace, B. C. 351, xi. 301;
hostility of, to Olynthus, B. C. 351-350, xi. 320;
flight of his half-brothers to Olynthus, xi. 321;
intrigues of, in Olynthus, xi. 322;
destruction of the Olynthian confederacy by, xi. 324, 325, 331,
350 _seq._, 364;
Athenian expedition to Olynthus against, xi. 334;
intrigues of, in Eubœa, xi. 339;
and Athens, overtures for peace between, B. C. 348, xi. 369 _seq._;
Thebans invoke the aid of, against the Phokians, xi. 375;
and Thermopylæ, xi. 377, 407, 410, 416, 421, 424;
embassies from Athens to, xi. 375 _seq._, 401 _seq._, 422;
envoys to Athens from, xi. 386, 387, 390, 398, 401;
synod of allies at Athens about, xi. 388;
peace and alliance between Athens, and, xi. 390 _seq._, 409,
429 _seq._, 442, 446 _seq._;
fabrications of Æschines and Philokrates about, xi. 398, 408, 409,
412 _seq._;
in Thrace, xi. 402, 404, 450 _seq._;
letter of, taken by Æschines to Athens, xi. 410, 416;
surrender of Phokis to, xi. 421;
declared sympathy of, with the Thebans, B. C. 346, xi. 421;
visit of Æschines to, in Phokis, xi. 423;
admitted into the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 425;
ascendancy of, B. C. 346, xi. 428 _seq._;
named president of the Pythian festival, xi. 428;
position of, after the Sacred War, xi. 434;
letter of Isokrates to, xi. 436;
movements of, after B. C. 346, xi. 443 _seq._;
warnings of Demosthenês against, after B. C. 346, xi. 444;
mission of Python from, to Athens, xi. 446;
and Athens, dispute between about Halonnesus, xi. 448 _seq._;
and Kardia, xi. 450;
and Athens, disputes between, about the Bosporus and Hellespont,
xi. 450;
at Perinthus and the Chersonese, xi. 454, 458 _seq._;
and Athens, declaration of war between, xi. 454 _seq._;
makes peace with Byzantium, Chios, and other islands, attacks the
Scythians, and is defeated by the Triballi, xi. 461;
and the Amphissians, xi. 480 _seq._, 497;
re-fortification of Elateia by, xi. 482, 484 _seq._;
application of, to Thebes for aid in attacking the Athenians,
xi. 483 _seq._, 489;
alliance of Athens and Thebes against, xi. 490 _seq._, 593 _seq._;
letters of, to the Peloponnesians for aid, xi. 492;
victory of, at Chæroneia, xi. 497 _seq._, 505;
military organization of, xi. 501, xii. 56 _seq._;
and the Athenians, peace of Demades between, xi. 507 _seq._;
honorary votes at Athens in favor of, xi. 509;
expedition of, into Peloponnesus, xi. 510;
at the congress at Corinth, xi. 511;
preparations of, for the invasion of Persia, xi. 512;
repudiates Olympias, and marries Kleopatra, xi. 512;
and Alexander, dissensions between, xi. 513;
assassination of, xi. 514 _seq._, xii. 6 _seq._;
character of, xi. 519 _seq._;
discord in the family of, xii. 4;
military condition of Macedonia before, xii. 55.
_Philip Aridæus_, xii. 319, 334.
_Philippi_, foundation of, xi. 241.
_Philippics_ of Demosthenes, xi. 309 _seq._, 445, 451.
_Philippizing_ factions in Megara and Eubœa, xi. 448.
_Philippus, the Theban polemarch_, x. 82, 85.
_Philippus, Alexander’s physician_, xii. 113.
_Philiskus_, x. 261.
_Philistides_, xi. 449, 452.
_Philistus_, his treatment of mythes, i. 410;
banishment of, xi. 33;
recall of, xi. 67;
intrigues of, against Plato and Dion, xi. 76;
tries to intercept Dion in the Gulf of Tarentum, xi. 89;
at Leontini, xi. 99;
defeat and death of, xi. 100.
_Philokrates_, motion of, to allow Philip to send envoys to Athens,
xi. 371;
motion of, to send envoys to Philip, xi. 379;
motion of, for peace and alliance with Philip, xi. 390 _seq._, 416;
fabrications of, about Philip, xi. 398, 408, 409, 412;
impeachment and condemnation of, xi. 433.
_Philoktetes_, i. 301, 310.
_Philolaus_ and Dioklês, ii. 297.
_Philomela_, i. 196 _seq._
_Philomelus_, xi. 245;
seizes the temple at Delphi, xi. 248;
and Archidamus, xi. 247;
and the Pythia at Delphi, xi. 250;
successful battles of, with the Lokrians, xi. 251;
defeat and death of, xi. 255;
takes part of the treasures in the temple at Delphi, xi. 252.
_Philonomus_ and the Spartan Dorians, ii. 327.
_Philosophers_, mythes allegorized by, i. 418 _seq._
_Philosophy_, Homeric and Hesiodic, i. 368;
Ionic, i. 372 _n._ 2;
ethical and social among the Greeks, iv. 76.
_Philotas_, alleged conspiracy, and execution of, xii. 190 _seq._,
197 _n._ 2.
_Philoxenus_ and Dionysius, xi. 26.
_Phineus_, i. 199, 235.
_Phlegyæ_, the, i. 128.
_Phlius_, return of philo-Laconian exiles to, x. 42;
intervention of Sparta with, x. 70;
surrender of, to Agesilaus, x. 70 _seq._;
application of, to Athens, x. 234 _seq._;
fidelity of, to Sparta, x. 257, 270;
invasion of, by Euphron, x. 270;
and Pellênê, x. 271;
assistance of Chares to, x. 272;
and Thebes, x. 290 _seq._
_Phœbe_, i. 5, 6.
_Phœbidas_, at Thebes, x. 58 _seq._, 62, 63, 128.
_Phœnissæ_ of Phrynichus, v. 138 _n._ 1.
_Phœnix_, i. 257.
_Phôkæa_, foundation of, iii. 188;
surrender of, to Harpagus, iv. 203;
Alkibiadês at, viii. 152.
_Phôkæan_ colonies at Atalia and Elea, iv. 206.
_Phôkæans_, exploring voyages of, iii. 281;
effects of their exploring voyages upon Grecian knowledge and fancy,
iii. 282;
emigration of, iv. 205 _seq._
_Phokian_ defensive wall at Thermopylæ, ii. 283;
townships, ravage of, by Xerxes’s army, v. 114.
_Phokians_, ii. 288;
application of Leonidas to, v. 76;
at Leuktra, x. 181, 182;
and the presidency of the temple at Delphi, xi. 245 _seq._;
Thebans strive to form a confederacy against, xi. 251;
take the treasures of the temple at Delphi, xi. 252, 255, 297, 374;
war of, with the Lokrians, Thebans, and Thessalians, xi. 254;
under Onomarchus, xi. 261, 293;
under Phayllus, xi. 297 _seq._;
under Phalækus, xi. 374, 418;
Thebans invoke the aid of Philip against, xi. 375;
application of, to Athens, xi. 376;
exclusion of, from the peace and alliance between Philip and Athens,
xi. 396 _seq._, 411;
envoys from, to Philip, xi. 404, 406;
motion of Philokrates about, xi. 416;
at Thermopylæ, xi. 418 _seq._;
treatment of, after their surrender to Philip, xi. 425 _seq._;
restoration of, by the Thebans and Athenians, xi. 493.
_Phokion_, first exploits of, x. 131;
character and policy of, xi. 273 _seq._, 308, xii. 278, 311,
357 _seq._;
in Eubœa, xi. 340 _seq._, 452;
at Megara, xi. 449;
in the Propontis, xi. 460;
and Alexander’s demand that the anti-Macedonian leaders at Athens
should be surrendered, xii. 46, 47;
and Demades, embassy of, to Antipater, xii. 322;
at Athens under Antipater, xii. 324;
and Nikanor, xii. 339, 346 _seq._;
and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, xii. 348;
condemnation and death of, xii. 349 _seq._;
altered sentiment of the Athenians towards, after his death,
xii. 357.
_Phokis_, acquisition of, by Athens, v. 331;
loss of, by Athens, v. 348;
invasion of, by the Thebans, B. C. 374, x. 136;
accusation of Thebes against, before the Amphiktyonic assembly,
xi. 243;
resistance of, to the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 246 _seq._;
Philip in, xi. 421, 482, 492 _seq._
_Phôkus_, i. 185.
_Phokylidês_, iv. 92.
_Phorkys_ and Kêtô, progeny of, i. 7.
_Phormio_ at Potidæa, vi. 74;
at Amphilochian Argos, vi. 121;
at Naupaktus, vi. 180;
his victories over the Peloponnesian fleet, vi. 199 _seq._,
206 _seq._;
in Akarnania, vi. 213;
his later history, vi. 277 _n._
_Phormisius_, disfranchising proposition of, viii. 294.
_Phorôneus_, i. 82, 83.
_Phraortês_, iii. 228.
_Phratries_, iii. 52 _seq._, 63;
and gentes, non-members of, iii. 133.
_Phrikônis_, iii. 192.
_Phrygia_, Persian forces in, on Alexander’s landing, xii. 75, 78;
submission of, to Alexander, xii. 89.
_Phrygian_ influence on the religion of the Greeks, i. 26, 28;
music and worship, iii. 213 _seq._
_Phrygians_ and Trojans, i. 335;
and Thracians, iii. 210, 213;
ethnical affinities and early distribution of, iii. 209 _seq._
_Phrynichus the tragedian_, his capture of Milêtus, iv. 309;
his Phœnissæ, v. 138, _n._ 1.
_Phrynichus the commander_, at Milêtus, vii. 388;
and Amorgês, vii. 389 _n._ 1;
and Alkibiadês, viii. 10 _seq._;
deposition of, viii. 15;
and the Four Hundred, viii. 11, 58 _seq._;
assassination of, viii. 66, 85, _n._;
decree respecting the memory of, viii. 85.
_Phrynon_, xi. 370.
_Phryxus_ and Hellê, i. 123 _seq._
_Phthiôtis_ and Deukalion, i. 96.
Φύσις, first use of, in the sense of _nature_, i. 368.
_Phyê-Athênê_, iv. 104.
_Phylarch_, Athenian, ii. 461.
_Phylê_, occupation of, by Thrasybulus, viii. 265.
_Phyllidas_ and the conspiracy against the philo-Laconian oligarchy at
Thebes, x. 81 _seq._
_Physical_ astronomy thought impious by ancient Greeks, i. 346 _n._;
science, commencement of, among the Greeks, i. 368.
_Phytalids_, their tale of Dêmêtêr, i. 44.
_Phyton_, xi. 18 _seq._
_Pierians_, original seat of, iv. 14.
_Piété, Monts de_, iii. 162.
Πῖλοι of the Lacedæmonians in Sphakteria, vi. 344 _n._
_Pinarus_, Alexander and Darius on the, xii. 118 _seq._
_Pindar_, his treatment of mythes, i. 378 _seq._
_Pindus_, ii. 211 _seq._
_Piracy_ in early Greece, ii. 90, 113.
_Pisa_ and Ellis, relations of, ii. 439.
_Pisatans_ and the Olympic games, ii. 318, 434, ix. 228,
x. 318 _seq._;
and Eloians, ii. 434, 439.
_Pisatic_ sovereignty of Pelops, i. 157.
_Pisidia_, conquest of, by Alexander, xii. 99.
_Pissuthnes_, vi. 26, 28, ix. 8.
_Pitane_, iii. 190.
_Pittakus_, power and merit of, iii. 198 _seq._
_Plague at Athens_, vi. 154 _seq._;
revival of, vi. 293.
_Platæa_, and Thebes, disputes between, iv. 166;
and Athens, first connection of, iv. 165;
battle of, v. 164 _seq._;
revelation of the victory of, at Mykalê the same day, v. 194;
night-surprise of, by the Thebans, vi. 114 _seq._;
siege of, by Archidamus, vi. 188 _seq._;
surrender of, to the Lacedæmonians, vi. 264 _seq._;
restoration of, by Sparta, x. 30 _seq._;
capture of, by the Thebans, x. 159 _seq._
_Platæans_ at Marathon, iv. 248.
_Plato_, his treatment of mythes, i. 441;
on the return of the Hêrakleids, ii. 6;
on homicide, ii. 96 _n._;
his Republic and the Lykurgean institutions, ii. 390;
and the Sophists, viii. 345-399;
and Xenophon, evidence of, about Sokratês, viii. 403 _seq._,
444 _n._, 450 _n._;
his extension and improvement of the formal logic founded by
Sokratês, viii. 429;
purpose of his dialogues, viii. 453;
incorrect assertions in the Menexenus of, ix. 360 _n._;
the letters of, x. 435 _n._ 1;
and Dionysius the Elder, xi. 38, 60;
and Dion, xi. 39, 57 _seq._, 69, 84;
and Dionysius the Younger, xi. 52, 69-80;
Dion, and the Pythagoreans, xi. 56 _seq._;
statements and advice of, on the condition of Syracuse,
xi. 130 _seq._;
and the kings of Macedonia, xi. 206.
_Plausible fiction_, i. 435, ii. 51.
_Pleistoanax_, v. 349, 429 _seq._
_Plemmyrium_, vii. 270, 290 _seq._
_Plutarch_ and Lykurgus, ii. 337, 343, 403 _seq._;
on the ephor Epitadeus, ii. 405;
and Herodotus, iv. 202 _n._, v. 6 _n._ 2;
on Periklês, vi. 172.
_Plutarch of Eretria_, xi. 340 _seq._
_Plyntêria_, viii. 144.
_Podaleirus_ and Machaôn, i. 180.
_Podarkês_, birth of, i. 110.
_Poems_, lost epic, ii. 120;
epic, recited in public, not read in private, ii. 135.
_Poetry_, Greek, transition of, from the mythical past to the positive
present, i. 349;
epic, ii. 117 _seq._;
epic, Homeric and Hesiodic, ii. 118;
didactic and mystic hexameter, ii. 119;
lyric and choric, intended for the ear, ii. 137;
Greek, advances of, within a century and a half after Terpander,
iv. 77.
_Poets_ inspired by the Muse, i. 355;
iambic, elegiac, and lyric, predominance of the present in, i. 363;
and logographers, their treatment of mythes, i. 377 _seq._;
early, chronological evidence of, ii. 45 _seq._;
epic, and their probable dates, ii. 122;
cyclic, ii. 123 _seq._;
gnomic or moralizing, iv. 91 _seq._
_Polemarch_, Athenian, iii. 74.
_Polemarchs_, Spartan, ii. 459.
_Polemarchus_, viii. 248.
_Political clubs_ at Athens, viii. 15.
_Politicians_, new class of, at Athens, after Periklês, vi. 245 _seq._
_Pollis_, defeat of, by Chabrias, x. 130.
_Pollux_ and Castor, i. 171 _seq._
_Polyarchus_, xi. 154.
_Polybiades_, x. 68.
_Polybius_, his transformation of mythes to history, i. 412;
perplexing statement of, respecting the war between Sybaris and
Kroton, iv. 416;
the Greece of, xii. 318.
_Polychares_, and Euæphnus, ii. 426.
_Polydamas of Pharsalus_, x. 137 _seq._
_Polydamas the Macedonian_, xii. 197.
_Polydamidas_, at Mendê, vi. 440 _seq._
_Polykrates of Samos_, iv. 241 _seq._
_Polykrates the Sophist_, harangue of, on the accusation against
Sokratês, viii. 478 _n._
_Polynikes_, i. 267, 269 _seq._, 273, 280.
_Polyphron_, x. 248.
_Polysperchon_, appointed by Antipater as his successor, xii. 339;
plans of, xii. 340;
edict of, at Pella, xii. 343 _seq._;
Phokion and Agnonides heard before, xii. 351 _seq._;
and Kassander, xii. 360, 372, 382;
flight of, Ætalia, xii. 367.
_Polystratus_, one of the Four Hundred, viii. 68 _n._ 1, 69 _n._, 78,
88.
_Polyxena_, death of, i. 305.
_Polyzelus_ and Hiero, v. 228.
_Pompey_ in Colchis, i. 243.
_Pontic Greeks_, xii. 458 _seq._
_Pontic Herakleia_, xii. 460-471.
_Pontus_ and Gæa, children of, i. 7.
_Popular belief_ in ancient mythes, i. 424, 427.
_Porus_, xii. 227 _seq._
_Poseidôn_, i. 6, 9, 56;
prominence of, in Æolid legends, i. 110;
Erechtheus, i. 192, 193;
and Athênê, i. 195;
and Laomedôn, i. 285.
_Positive_ evidence indispensable to historical proof, i. 429.
_Positive_ tendencies of the Greek mind in the time of Herodotus,
iv. 105 _n._
_Post-Homeric_ poems on the Trojan war, i. 297.
_Potidæa_ and Artabazus, v. 149;
relations of, with Corinth and Athens, vi. 67;
designs of Perdikkas and the Corinthians upon, vi. 68;
revolt of, from Athens, vi. 69 _seq._;
Athenian victory near, vi. 73;
blockade of, by the Athenians, vi. 74, 140, 164, 182;
Brasidas’s attempt upon, vi. 150;
capture of, by Philip and the Olynthians, xi. 238.
_Prasiæ_, expedition of Pythodôrus to, vii. 285.
_Praxitas_, ix. 327 _n._ 1, 333 _seq._
_Priam_, i. 285, 292 _n._ 5, 304.
_Priene_, iii. 172, 178, vi. 26.
_Priests_, Egyptian, iii. 314.
_Primitive_ and historical Greece, ii. 57-118.
_Private property_, rights of, at Athens, viii. 304.
_Probability_ alone not sufficient for historical proof, i. 429.
_Pro-Bouleutic Senate_, Solon’s, iii. 121.
_Probûli_, board of, vii. 362.
_Prodikus_, viii. 370, 380 _seq._
_Prœtos_ and his daughters, i. 88 _seq._
_Proknê_, i. 197 _seq._
_Prokris_, i. 198.
_Promêtheus_, i. 6;
and Zeus, i. 63, 76, 79 _seq._;
and Pandora, i. 75;
and Epimêtheus, i. 75;
Æschylus’s, i. 382 _n._ 3.
_Property_, rights of, at Athens, iii. 106, 114 _seq._
_Prophecies_, Sibylline, i. 338.
_Propontis_, Phokion in, xi. 460.
_Propylæa_, building of, vi. 21, 23 _n._ 4.
_Prose writing_ among the Greeks, iv. 97.
_Protagoras_, viii. 376, 379 _seq._, 389 _seq._, 392 _n._
_Protesilaus_, i. 290, v. 201.
_Prothoüs_, x. 176.
_Proxenus of Tegea_, x. 209.
_Prytaneium_, Solon’s regulations about, iii. 143.
_Prytanes_, iv. 138.
_Prytanies_, iv. 138.
_Prytanis_, xii. 485.
_Psammenitus_, iv. 219.
_Psammetichus I._, iii. 325 _seq._
_Psammetichus_ and Tamos, x. 13.
_Psammis_, iii. 333.
_Psephism_, Demophantus’s democratical, viii. 81.
_Psephisms_ and laws, distinction between, v. 373.
_Psyttaleia_, Persian troops in, v. 128, 136.
_Ptolemy of Alôrus_, x. 249, 250;
and Pelopidas, x. 263;
assassination of, x. 300.
_Ptolemy of Egypt_, attack of Perdikkas on, xii. 335;
alliance of, with Kassander, Lysimachus and Seleukus against
Antigonus, xii. 367, 372, 383, 387;
proclamations of, to the Greeks, xii. 369;
Lysimachus and Kassander, pacification of, with Antigonus, xii. 371;
in Greece, xii. 373.
_Ptolemy, nephew of Antigonus_, xii. 370.
_Public speaking_, its early origin and intellectual effects,
ii. 77 _seq._
_Punjab_, Alexander’s conquests in the, xii. 227 _seq._
_Purification_ for homicide, i. 25, 26.
_Pydna_, siege of, by Archestratus, vi. 70;
siege of, by Archelaus, viii. 118;
and Philip, xi. 236, 237.
_Pylæ_, in Babylonia, ix. 36 _n._ 2., 43 _n._
_Pylagoræ_, ii. 247.
_Pylians_, ii. 12, 335.
_Pylus_, attack of Hêraklês on, i. 110;
long independence of, ii. 331 _n._ 2;
occupation and fortification of, by the Athenians, vi. 317 _seq._;
armistice concluded at, vi. 324, 332;
Kleon’s expedition to, vi. 365 _seq._;
cession of, demanded by the Lacedæmonians, vii. 29;
helots brought back to, by the Athenians, vii. 70;
recapture of, by the Lacedæmonians, viii. 131.
_Pyramids_, Egyptian, iii. 321.
_Pyrrha_ and Deukaliôn, i. 96.
_Pyrrho_ and Sokratês, viii. 489 _n._
_Pyrrhus, son of Achilles_, i. 188.
_Pyrrhus, king of Epirus_, and Antipater, son of Kassander, xii. 389.
_Pythagoras, the philosopher_, i. 367 _seq._, iv. 390-411, 416.
_Pythagoras, the Ephesian despot_, iii. 182.
_Pythagorean order_, iv. 395, 403 _seq._, 416.
_Pythagoreans_, logical distinction of genera and species unknown to,
viii. 427 _n._ 2;
Plato, and Dion, xi. 57 _seq._
_Pytheas_, xii. 457.
_Pythia_, the, at Delphi, and Philomelus, xi. 250.
_Pythian Apollo_, i. 47.
_Pythian games_, ii. 240, 243, iv. 58, 63 _seq._, iv. 65,
x. 137 _n._ 1, 195, xi. 428.
_Pythius, the Phrygian_, v. 27.
_Pythodôrus_, vii. 133, 139, 285.
_Python_, mission of, to Athens, xi. 446.
_Pythonikus_, vii. 175, 197.
Q
_Quadriremes_, x. 479.
_Quinqueremes_, v. 47 _n._ 2, x. 479.
R
_Races_ of men in “Works and Days”, i. 64 _seq._
_Religious_ ceremonies a source of mythes, i. 62, 63, 451 _seq._;
views paramount in the Homeric age, i. 357;
views, opposition of, to scientific, among the Greeks, i. 358,
370 _seq._;
festivals, Grecian, iv. 53, 67 _seq._, xi. 353;
associations, effect of, on early Grecian art, iv. 99.
_Reply_ to criticisms on the first two volumes of this history,
i. 408 _n._
_Rhadamanthus_ and Minôs, i. 219.
_Rhapsodes_, ii. 129, 137 _seq._
_Rhea_, i. 5, 6.
_Rhegians_ and Tarentines, expedition of, against the Iapygians,
v. 238.
_Rhegium_, iii. 383;
the chorus sent from Messênê to, iv. 53 _n._ 1;
and Athens, vii. 128 _n._ 3;
the Athenian fleet near, B. C. 425, vii. 134;
progress of the Athenian armament for Sicily to, vii. 181;
discouragement of the Athenians at, vii. 190;
relations of, with Dionysius, B. C. 399, x. 474 _seq._;
and Dionysius, xi. 5, 71, 11, 16 _seq._;
and Dionysius the Younger, xi. 133;
Timoleon at, xi. 144 _seq._
_Rhetoric_, v. 402, viii. 335, 339, 346 _seq._
_Rhetors_ and sophists, v. 402 _seq._
_Rhetra_, the primitive constitutional, ii. 344 _n._ 2, 345 _n._ 2.
_Rhetræ_, the Three Lykurgean, ii. 355 _n._ 3.
_Rhienus_ and the second Messenian war, ii. 430.
_Rhium_, Phormio in the Gulf at, vi. 196 _seq._
_Rhodes_, founder of, ii. 30;
dikasteries at, v. 384 _n._ 2;
and the Olympic games, vii. 52 _n._ 4;
the Peloponnesian fleet at, vii. 399, 400 _seq._, viii. 94, ix. 368,
373;
Dorieus at, viii. 116;
revolt of, from Sparta, ix. 271;
revolt of, from Athens, xi. 220 _seq._;
siege of, by Demetrius Poliorketes, xii. 381.
_Rhodians_ and the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 504.
_Rhodôpis_, iii. 337 _n._ 2.
_Rhœkus_ of Samos, iv. 100.
_Rhœsakes_, xii. 84.
_Rites_, post-Homeric, i. 27, 28;
ecstatic, i. 30 _seq._
_Rivers_, mythical personages identified with, i. 342 _n._ 2;
of Greece, ii. 217.
_Robbery_, violent, how regarded in Greece and Europe, ii. 111 _n._ 2.
_Romances_ of chivalry, i. 475, ii. 156 _n._ 2.
_Roman kings_, authority of, ii. 68 _n._ 3.
_Roman law_ of debtor and creditor, iii. 159 _seq._
_Romans_, respect of, for Illium, i. 327;
belief of, with regard to earthquakesi. 400 _n._;
dislike of, to paijudicial pleading, viii. 361 _n._ 2;
embassy from, to Alexander, xii. 248 _n._ 2;
Livy’s opinion as to the chances of Alexander, if he had attacked
the, xii. 260.
_Rome_, reduction of the rate of interest at, iii. 112 _n._ 1;
debasement of coin at, iii. 114;
new tables at, iii. 115 _n._ 2;
law of debtor and creditor at, iii. 159 _seq._;
political associations at, viii, 16 _n._ 2;
and Carthage, treaties between, x. 392 _n._
_Roxana_, xii. 214, 215, 319, 333, 367, 371.
S.
_Sacred games_, Solon’s rewards to victors at, iii. 141;
objects, Greek view of material connection with, iii. 84 _n._ 1.,
260.
_Sacred War_, the first, iv. 63 _seq._, v. 346;
the second, xi. 241 _seq._, 374, 421 _seq._;
position of Philip after the second, xi. 434;
the third, xi. 467.
_Sacrifices_, i. 62;
human, in Greece, i. 126 _seq._
_Sacrilege_, French legislation upon, vii. 212 _n._
_Sadyattês_, iii. 253.
_Saga_, the, Ampère on, i. 357 _n._
_Sage_, a universal manifestation of the human mind, i. 461.
_Sagen-poesie_, applied as a standard to the Iliad and Odyssey,
ii. 162.
_Sagra_, date of the battle at, iv. 411 _n._ 2.
_Saints_, legends of, i. 469 _seq._
_Sakadas_, iv. 89.
_Salæthus_, vi. 237 _seq._
_Salamis_, the serpent of, i. 186;
war between Athens and Megara about, iii. 98 _seq._;
retreat of the Greek fleet from Artemisium to, v. 102, 107;
the battle of, v. 104-147;
Persian and Greek fleets after the battle of, v. 147;
migration of Athenians to, on Mardonius’s approach, v. 154;
seizure of prisoners at, by the Thirty Tyrants at Athens, viii. 267.
_Salamis in Cyprus_, i. 189, x. 14 _seq._
_Salmoneus_, i. 108.
_Samian exiles_, application of, to Sparta, iv. 242;
attack of, on Siphnos, iv. 244;
at Zanklê, v. 211.
_Samians_ and Athenians, contrast between, iv. 247;
slaughter of, by Otanês, iv. 249;
at Ladê, iv. 304;
migration of, to Sicily, iv. 305;
transfer of the fund of the confederacy from Delos to Athens
proposed by, v. 343;
application of, to Sparta for aid against Athens, vi. 29.
_Samnites_, xi. 8.
_Samos_, foundation of, iii. 173;
condition of, on the accession of Darius Hystaspês, iv. 240;
Lacedæmonians and Polykratês at, iv. 243;
Persian armament under Datis at, iv. 329;
Persian fleet at, after the battle of Salamis, v. 147, 192;
Greek fleet moves to the rescue of, from the Persians, v. 192;
an autonomous ally of Athens, vi. 2;
revolt of, from the Athenians, vi. 25 _seq._, 29;
and Milêtus, dispute between, about Priênê, vi. 26;
Athenian armament against, under Periklês, Sophoklês, etc.,
vi. 27 _seq._;
blockaded, vi. 28;
government of, after its capture by Periklês, vi. 30;
democratical revolution at, vii. 377 _seq._;
powerful Athenian fleet at, B. C. 412, vii. 386;
oligarchical conspiracy at, viii. 7 _seq._, 25 _seq._;
embassy from the Four Hundred to, viii. 44, 52 _seq._, 55;
Athenian democracy reconstituted at, viii. 46 _seq._;
the Athenian democracy at, and Alkibiadês, viii. 49 _seq._;
eagerness of the Athenian democracy at, to sail to Peiræus,
viii. 52, 54;
envoys from Argosto the Athenian Demos at, viii. 57;
Athenian democracy at, contrasted with the oligarchy of the Four
Hundred, viii. 92 _seq._;
Strombichidês’s arrival at, from the Hellespont, viii. 96;
Alkibiadês’s return from Aspendus to, viii. 115;
Alkibiadês sails from, to the Hellespont, viii. 116;
Alkibiadês at, B. C. 407, viii. 155;
Alkibiadês leaves Antiochus in command at, viii. 153;
dissatisfaction of the armament at, with Alkibiadês, viii. 154;
Konon at, viii. 160;
Lysander at, viii. 223, 237;
conquest of, by Timotheus, x. 294, 297 _n._ 2.
_Samothracians_, exploit of, at Salamis, v. 135.
_Sangala_, capture of, by Alexander, xii. 231.
_Sapphô_, i. 363, iv. 90 _seq._
_Sardinia_, proposition of Bias for a Pan-Ionic emigration to, iv. 207.
_Sardis_, iii. 220;
capture of, by Cyrus, iv. 192;
march of Aristagoras to, and burning of, iv. 290;
march of Xerxes to, and collection of his forces at, v. 14;
march of Xerxes from, v. 27;
retirement of the Persian army to, after their defeat at Mykalê,
v. 198
Alkibiadês’s imprisonment at, and escape from, viii. 119, 120;
forces of Cyrus the Younger collected at, ix. 8;
march of Cyrus the Younger from, to Kunaxa, ix. 11 _seq._;
victory of Agesilaus near, ix. 267;
surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 89.
_Sarissa_, xii. 57, 101 _seq._
_Sarmatians_, iii. 243.
_Sarpêdôn_, i. 219.
_Sataspes_, iii. 285, 288 _n._
_Satrapies_ of Darius Hystaspes, iv. 235 _seq._
_Satraps_ under Darius Hystaspes, discontents of, iv. 226 _seq._;
of Alexander, xii. 239 _seq._
_Satyrus of Herakleia_, xii. 564.
_Satyrus I._ of Bosporus, xi. 264 _n._ 1, xii. 481.
_Satyrus the actor_, xi. 270, 364.
_Satyrus II._ of Bosporus, xii. 484.
_Saxo Grammaticus_ and Snorro Sturleson contrasted with Pherekydes and
Hellanikus, i. 468.
_Scales_ Æginæan and Euboic, ii. 319 _seq._, 325;
Æginæan, Euboic and Attic, iii. 171.
_Scandinavian_ mythical genealogies, i. 465 _n._ 3;
and Teutonic epic, i. 479 _seq._
_Scardus_, ii. 212.
_Science_, physical, commencement of, among the Greeks, i. 367.
_Scientific_ views, opposition of, to religions, among the Greeks,
i. 359-370 _seq._
_Scission_ between the superior men and the multitude among the Greeks,
i. 375.
_Sculpture_ at Athens, under Periklês, vi. 22.
_Scurrility_ at festivals, iv. 80 _n._ 2.
_Scylla_, i. 1, 221.
_Scythia_, iii. 235;
Darius’s invasion of, iv. 263 _seq._
_Scythians_, iii. 233 _seq._, xii. 475;
invasion of Asia Minor and Upper Asia by, iii. 245 _seq._;
strong impression produced by, upon Herodotus’s imagination, iv. 268;
attack of Philip on, xi. 462;
and Alexander, xii. 206, 214.
_Secession_ of the mythical races of Greece, ii. 19.
_Seisachtheia_, or debtors’ relief-law of Solon, iii. 99 _seq._
_Selene_, i. 6, 346 _n._
_Seleukus_, alliance of, with Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy
against Antigonus, xii. 367, 372, 383, 387;
Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy, pacification of, with Antigonus,
xii. 371;
and the Pontic Hêrakleia, xii. 470;
death of, xii. 470.
_Selinuntines_, defeat of, by the Egestæans and Carthaginians, x. 404.
_Selinus_, iii. 367;
and Egesta, vii. 145, x. 401, 404;
application of, to Syracuse, x. 404;
capture of, by Hannibal, x. 405 _seq._;
abandonment of, by the rest of Sicily, x. 408;
Hermokrates at, x. 417.
_Selli_, ii. 268.
_Selymbria_, viii. 126, 133, xi. 455 _n._ 3.
_Selymbris_, iv. 27.
_Semele_, i. 259.
_Semi-historical_ interpretation of ancient mythes, i. 433.
_Senate_ and Agora subordinate in legendary, paramount in historical
Greece, ii. 76;
Spartan, ii. 345, 357;
of Areopagus, iii. 73;
powers of, enlarged by Solon, iii. 122;
of Four Hundred, Solon’s, iii. 121;
of Five Hundred, iv. 137;
at Athens, expulsion of, by the Four Hundred, viii. 39.
_Senators_, addition to the oath of Athenian, viii. 298.
_Sentiment_, mingled ethical and mythical, in “Works and Days”,
i. 69 _seq._
_Sepias Akte_, Xerxes’s fleet at, v. 83 _seq._
_Servitude_, temporary, of the gods, i. 57, 113 _n._ 2.
_Sestos_, capture of, B. C. 479, v. 202 _seq._;
escape of the Athenian squadron from, to Elæus, viii. 105;
Derkyllidas at, ix. 320;
capture of, by Kotys, x. 373;
surrender of, to Athens, B. C. 358, x. 379 _n._;
conquest of, by Chares, xi. 257.
_Seuthes_, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 154, 169 _seq._
_Seven chiefs_ against Thebes, the, i. 274.
_Seven wise men_ of Greece, iv. 95 _seq._
_Sibyl_, the Erythræan, i. 28.
_Sibylline_ prophecies, i. 28, 338.
_Sicilian_ Greeks, prosperity of, between B. C. 735 and 485,
iii. 367 _seq._;
Greeks, peculiarity of their monetary and statical scale, iii. 369;
comedy, iii. 373;
Greeks, early governments of, v. 206;
Greeks, and Phenicians, v. 207;
cities, B. C. 431, vii. 127, 131;
and Italian Dorians, aid expected from, by Sparta, vii. 129;
cities, general peace between, B. C. 424, vii. 138;
aid to Syracuse, B. C. 413, vii. 295.
_Sicily_, Phenicians and Greeks in, iii. 276;
ante-Hellenic population of, iii. 350, 361, 372;
and Italy, early languages and history of, iii. 354 _n._;
and Italy, date of earliest Grecian colony in, iii. 356;
rapid multiplication of Grecian colonies in, after B. C. 735,
iii. 360;
the voyage from Greece to, iii. 361;
spot where the Greeks first landed in, iii. 361;
Megarian, iii. 365;
subcolonies from, iii. 366;
Sikel or Sikan caverns in, iii. 368 _n._;
mixed population of, iii. 369;
difference between Greeks in, and those in Greece Proper,
iii. 372;
despots in, about B. C. 500, v. 204;
Carthaginian invasion of, B. C. 480, v. 220;
expulsion of despots from, B. C. 465, v. 233;
after the expulsion of the despots, B. C. 465, v. 234, 236 _seq._,
vii. 118;
return of Duketius to, vii. 122;
intellectual movement in, between B. C. 461-416, vii. 127;
relations of, to Athens and Sparta, altered by the quarrel between
Corinth and Korkyra, vii. 129;
Dorians attack the Ionians in, about B. C. 427, vii. 131;
Ionic cities in, solicit aid from Athens, against the Dorians,
B. C. 427, vii. 132;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 427, vii. 133;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 425, vii. 133;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 422, vii. 142;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 415, vii. 148-162, 179-191, 217-278;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 413, vii. 279-287, 288-353;
effect of the Athenian disaster in, upon all Greeks, vii. 363;
intervention of Carthage in, B. C. 410, x. 401 _seq._;
invasion of, by Hannibal, B. C. 409, x. 405 _seq._;
abandonment of Selinus by the Hellenic cities of, B. C. 409, x. 408;
Hannibal’s return from, B. C. 409, x. 415;
return of Hermokrates to, x. 415;
invasion of, by Hannibal and Imilkon, x. 422 _seq._;
southern, depressed condition of, B. C. 405, x. 457;
expedition of Dionysius against the Carthaginians in, x. 483 _seq._;
frequency of pestilence among the Carthaginians in, xi. 1;
Dionysius’s conquests in the interior of, B. C. 394, xi. 4;
condition of, B. C. 353-344, xi. 130;
voyage of Timoleon to, xi. 143 _seq._;
invasion of, by the Carthaginians, B. C. 340, xi. 170;
Timoleon in, xi. 170-195;
expedition to, under Giskon, xi. 180;
Agathokles in, xii. 439 _seq._;
ceases to be under Hellenic agency after Agathokles, xii. 451.
_Sidon_, iii. 265;
conquest of, by Darius Nothus, xi. 438;
surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 130.
_Sidus_, capture of, by the Lacedæmonians, ix. 335;
recovery of, by Iphikrates, ix. 353.
_Siege of Troy_, i. 284-306.
_Sigeium_, Mitylenæan at, i. 339;
and Peisistratus, iv. 117.
_Sikans_, iii. 349, 351 _n._ 3, 369.
_Sikel_ prince, Duketius, iii. 374.
_Sikels_, iii. 349;
in Italy, iii. 351, 375;
migration of, from Italy to Sicily, iii. 353 _n._ 2;
in Sicily, iii. 367, x. 494, xi. 5, 6.
_Sikinnus_, v. 126, 140, 313 _n._ 2.
_Sikyôn_, origin of, i. 120 _seq._;
early condition of, iii. 4;
despots at, iii. 32 _seq._, 38;
classes of people at, iii. 35;
names of Dorion and non-Dorion tribes at, iii. 34, 37;
Corinth, and Megara, analogy of, iii. 47;
Athenian attacks upon, v. 332;
Spartan and Argeian expedition against, vii. 97;
desertion of, from Sparta to Thebes, x. 257;
intestine dissensions at, B. C. 367-366, x. 269 _seq._;
Euphron at, x. 269 _seq._, 272, 273.
_Silanus the prophet_, ix. 40, 133 _seq._
_Silphium_, iv. 33.
_Silver race_, the, i. 65.
_Simon_, i. 304.
_Simonidês of Keôs_, epigram of, on the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 104;
mediation of, between Hiero and Thero, v. 227.
_Simonidês of Amorgus_, poetry of, i. 463, iv. 73, 82.
_Sinôpe_ and the Amazons, i. 212 _n._ 3;
date of the foundation of, iii. 249 _n._ 3;
Perikles’s expedition to, vi. 10;
and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 129 _seq._, 144;
long independence of, xii. 459;
envoys from with Darius, xii. 459.
_Siphnus_, iii. 166;
attack of Samian exiles on, iv. 244.
_Sirens_, the, i. 1.
_Siris_, or Herakleia, iii. 384.
_Sisygambis_, xii. 124, 164, 171.
_Sisyphus_, i. 118 _seq._
_Sitalkes_, vi. 141, 215 _seq._
_Sithonia_, iv. 24, 25.
_Sittake_, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 65.
_Skalds_, Icelandic, songs of, ii. 150 _n._ 2, ii. 157 _n._
_Skedasus_, x. 178.
_Skepsis_, Derkyllidas at, ix. 213.
_Skillus_, Xenophon at, ix. 176 _seq._
_Skiône_, revolt of, from Athens to Brasidas, vi. 435 _seq._;
dispute about, after the One year’s truce between Athens and Sparta,
vi. 437;
blockade of, by the Athenians, B. C. 423, vi. 442;
capture of, by the Athenians, B. C. 421, vii. 22.
_Skiritæ_, vii. 80, 84, x. 233.
_Skylax_, iv. 237, 283, x. 227 _n._ 6.
_Skyllêtium_, iii. 384.
_Skyros_, conquest of, by Kimon, v. 303.
_Skytalism_ at Argos, x. 200 _seq._
_Skythês_ of Zanklê, v. 211 _seq._
_Skythini_, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 110.
_Slavery_ of debtors in Attica before Solon, iii. 94.
_Slaves_ in legendary Greece, ii. 97 _seq._
_Smerdis_, iv. 221 _seq._
_Sminthian Apollo_, i. 50, 337.
_Smyrna_, iii. 182, 189.
_Social War_, xi. 220, 231.
_Socratic philosophers_, their unjust condemnation of rhapsodes,
ii. 139.
_Socratici viri_, viii. 403 _n._
_Sogdian rock_, capture of, by Alexander, xii. 214.
_Sogdiana_, Alexander in, xii. 202 _seq._, 207.
_Sôkratês_, his treatment of the discrepancy between scientific and
religious views, i. 370;
treatment of, by the Athenians, i. 374 _seq._;
alleged impiety of, attacked by Aristophanês, i. 401 _n._;
and the sophists, v. 404, vii. 35 _n._ 2; viii. 387 _n._, 400,
441 _n._;
at the battle of Delium, vi. 396;
and Alkibiadês, vii. 35 _seq._;
and Kritias, vii. 35 _seq._;
at the Athenian assembly, on the generals at Arginusæ, vii. 200;
and the Thirty, viii. 244, 257;
and Parmenidês, viii. 346 _n._;
dislike of, to teaching for pay, viii. 342;
life, character, philosophy, teaching, and death of, viii. 400-496.
_Solemnities_ and games, i. 106.
_Soli_ in Cyprus, iii. 148.
_Sollium_, Athenian capture of, vi. 135.
_Soloeis_, Cape, iii. 272 _n._ 2.
_Solon_ and the Iliad, ii. 152 _n._ 2;
civil condition of Attica before, iii. 48;
life, character, laws, and constitution of, iii. 88-159.
_Sophokles_, his Œdipus, i. 270;
his treatment of mythes, i. 379 _seq._, 385;
Periklês, etc., Athenian armament under, against Samos,
vi. 27 _seq._;
number of tragedies by, viii. 319 _n._;
Æschylus and Euripidês, viii. 332;
and Herodotus, viii. 323 _n._ 2.
_Sophokles_ and Eurymedon, expeditions of, to Sicily and Korkyra,
vi. 313 _seq._, 357 _seq._, vii. 133, 136, 139.
_Sôsis_, xi. 104.
_Sosistratus_, xii. 394, 388, 405.
_Sothiac period_ and Manetho, iii. 340 _seq._
_Sparta_ and Mykênæ, i. 165 _seq._;
occupation of, by the Dorians, ii. 311, 326 _seq._, 360;
and the disunion of Greek towns, ii. 259;
not strictly a city, ii. 261;
inferior to Argos and neighboring Dorians, B. C. 776, ii. 307, 312;
first historical view of, ii. 323;
not the perfect Dorian type, ii. 341;
pair of kings at, ii. 349;
classification of the population at, ii. 348 _seq._;
syssitia and public training at, ii. 380 _seq._;
partition of lands at, ascribed to Lykurgus, ii. 393-415;
progressive increase of, ii. 417;
and Lepreum, ii. 440;
Argos, and Arcadia, relations of, ii. 443 _n._ 2;
and Mantinea, ii. 444;
and Arcadia, ii. 445 _seq._;
and Tegea, ii. 446 _seq._;
bones of Orestês taken to, ii. 447;
acquisitions of, towards Argos, ii. 450 _seq._;
extensive possessions and power of by, B. C. 540, ii. 453 _seq._;
military institutions of, ii. 456 _seq._;
recognized superiority of, ii. 461, iv. 242, 318;
peculiar government of, iii. 6;
alleged intervention of, with the Nemean and Isthmian games,
iv. 66 _n._;
exclusive character of her festivals, iv. 69;
musical and poetical tendencies at, iv. 83 _seq._, 86 _n._ 1;
choric training at, iv. 84 _seq._;
first appearance of, as head of Peloponnesian allies, iv. 169,
174 _seq._;
preparations at, for attacking Athens, after the failure of
Kleomenês, iv. 173 _seq._;
and Crœsus, iv. 190;
and Asiatic Greeks, iv. 199, iv. 207, 208;
and Samian exiles, iv. 242;
and Aristagoras, iv. 287 _seq._;
treatment of Darius’s herald at, iv. 317;
appeal of Athenians to, against the Medism of Ægina, iv. 318;
war of, against Argos, B. C. 496-5, iv. 320 _seq._;
no heralds sent from Xerxes to, v. 57;
Pan-Hellenic congress convened by, at the Isthmus of Corinth,
v. 57 _seq._;
leaves Athens undefended against Mardonius, v. 153 _seq._;
headship of the allied Greeks transferred from, to Athens,
v. 261 _seq._;
and Athens, first open separation between, v. 263, 265 _seq._, 290;
secret promise of, to the Thasians, to invade Attica, v. 312;
restores the supremacy of Thebes in Bœotia, v. 313, 331;
and the rest of Peloponnesus, between B. C. 477-457, v. 314;
earthquake and revolt of Helots at, B. C. 464, v. 315 _seq._;
Athenian auxiliaries to, against the Helots, v. 316 _seq._;
Athenians renounce the alliance of, B. C. 464, v. 319;
and Athens, five years’ truce between, v. 334;
and Delphi, B. C. 452-447, v. 346;
and Athens, thirty years’ truce between, v. 350;
application of Samians to, vi. 29;
imperial, compared with imperial Athens, vi. 39, ix. 187 _seq._;
and her subject-allies, vi. 41;
and Athens, confederacies of, vi. 46;
promise of, to the Potidæans, to invade Attica, vi. 69;
application of the Lesbians to, vi. 76;
assembly at, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 78 _seq._;
relations of, with her allies, vi. 79;
congress of allies at, B. C. 432, vi. 92 _seq._;
requisitions addressed to Athens by, B. C. 431, vi. 97 _seq._,
105 _seq._;
efforts of, to raise a naval force on commencing the Peloponnesian
war, vi. 125;
and the Mitylenæans, vi. 226 _seq._;
despatches from Artaxerxes to, vi. 360 _seq._;
and Athens one year’s truce between, B. C. 423, vi. 437 _seq._, 453,
457 _seq._;
and the Peace of Nikias, vii. 2, 9;
and Argos, uncertain relations between, B. C. 421, vii. 3;
and Athens, alliance between, B. C. 421, vii. 5;
revolt of Elis from, vii. 17 _seq._;
congress at, B. C. 421, vii. 24;
and Bœotia, alliance between, B. C. 420, vii. 26;
and Argos, fifty years’ peace between, vii. 28 _seq._;
embassy of Nikias to, vii. 44;
and Athens, relations between, B. C. 419, vii. 70;
and the battle of Mantinea, B. C. 418, vii. 86;
and Argos, peace and alliance between, B. C. 418, vii. 92 _seq._;
submission of Mantinea to, vii. 95;
and Athens, relations between, B. C. 416, vii. 103;
and Sicily, relations of, altered by the quarrel between Corinth and
Korkyra, vii. 129;
aid expected from the Sicilian Dorians by, B. C. 431, vii. 130;
embassy from Syracuse and Corinth to, B. C. 415, vii. 235 _seq._;
Alkibiadês at, vii. 236 _seq._, viii. 2;
and Athens, violation of the peace between, B. C. 414, vii. 285;
resolution of, to fortify Dekeleia and send a force to Syracuse,
B. C. 414, vii. 286;
application from Chios to, vii. 365;
embassy from Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus to, vii. 366;
embassy from the Four Hundred to, viii. 63, 84;
proposals of peace from, to Athens, B. C. 410, viii. 122 _seq._;
alleged proposals of peace from, to Athens, after the battle of
Argenusæ, viii. 210;
first proposals of Athens to, after the battle of Ægospotami,
viii. 226;
embassies of Theramenês to, viii. 227, 228;
assembly of the Peloponnesian confederacy at, B. C. 404, viii. 228;
terms of peace granted to Athens by, B. C. 404, viii. 229;
triumphant return of Lysander to, viii. 238;
and her allies, after the capture of Athens by Lysander, viii. 259;
oppressive dominion of after the capture of Athens by Lysander,
viii. 260;
opposition to Lysander at, viii. 262;
pacification by, between the Ten at Athens and the exiles at Peiræus,
viii. 278;
empire of, contrasted with her promises of liberty, ix. 191 _seq._;
change in the language and plans of, towards the close of the
Peloponnesian war, ix. 194;
and the Thirty at Athens, ix. 197;
opportunity lost by, for organizing a stable confederacy throughout
Greece, ix. 199 _seq._;
alienation of the allies of, after the battle of Ægospotami,
ix. 223 _seq._;
and Elis, war between, ix. 225 _seq._;
refuses to restore the Olympic presidency to the Pisatans, ix. 229;
expels the Messenians from Peloponnesus, ix. 229;
introduction of gold and silver to, by Lysander, ix. 230 _seq._;
in B. C. 432 and after B. C. 404, contrast between, ix. 232;
position of kings at, ix. 238 _seq._;
conspiracy of Kinadon at, ix. 247 _seq._;
Persian preparations for maritime war against, B. C. 397, ix. 255,
270;
revolt of Rhodes from, ix. 271;
relations of, with her neighbors and allies, after the accession of
Agesilaus, ix. 284;
and Hêrakleia Trachynia, ix. 285, 302;
and Timokrates, ix. 286 _seq._;
and Thebes, war between, B. C. 395, ix. 289 _seq._;
alliance of Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos against, ix. 301;
proceedings of, against Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, ix. 303,
305 _seq._;
consequences of the battles of Corinth, Knidus, and Korôneia to,
ix. 317 _seq._;
hostility of, to partial land confederacies in Greece, ix. 361;
congress at, on the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 386;
and the peace of Antalkidas, x. 2 _seq._, 9 _seq._, 28;
applications of, for Persian aid, x. 5 _seq._;
and Persia after the battle of Ægospotami, x. 8;
and Grecian autonomy, x. 11 _seq._, 28;
miso-Theban proceedings of, after the peace of Antalkidas,
x. 28 _seq._;
restores Platæa, x. 30 _seq._;
oppressive conduct of towards Mantinea, B. C. 386, x. 35 _seq._;
mischievous influence of, after the peace of Antalkidas,
x. 40 _seq._;
naval competition of Athens with, after the peace of Antalkidas,
x. 42 _seq._;
and the Olynthian confederacy, x. 52 _seq._, 57, 65 _seq._;
and the surprise of Thebes by Phœbidas, x. 61 _seq._;
and Phlius, x. 70;
ascendency and unpopularity of, B. C. 379, x. 72 _seq._;
Xenophon on the conduct of, between B. C. 387-379, x. 77;
effect of the revolution at Thebes, B. C. 379, on, x. 93;
trial of Sphodrias at, x. 100 _seq._;
war declared by Athens against, B. C. 378, x. 102;
separate peace of Athens with, B. C. 374, x. 137, 141;
and Polydamas, x. 137 _seq._;
decline of the power of, between B. C. 382-374, x. 140;
discouragement of, by her defeat at Korkyra and by earthquakes,
B. C. 372, x. 157;
disposition of Athens to peace with, B. C. 372, x. 158, 165;
general peace settled at, B. C. 371, x. 165 _seq._, 174, 198;
effect of the news of the defeat at Leuktra on, x. 186;
and Athens, difference between in passive endurance and active
energy, x. 188;
reinforcements from, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 188;
treatment of defeated citizens on their return from Leuktra,
x. 192 _seq._;
and Thebes, alleged arbitration of the Achæans between, after the
battle of Leuktra, x. 199 _n._;
position of, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 201;
and the Amphiktyonic assembly, x. 202 _seq._, xi. 242;
feeling against Agesilaus at, B. C. 371, x. 207;
hostile approaches of Epaminondas to, x. 218 _seq._, 330 _seq._;
abstraction of Western Laconia from, x. 226 _seq._;
application of, to Athens for aid against Thebes, B. C. 369,
x. 234 _seq._;
and Athens, alliance between, B. C. 369, x. 253;
reinforcement from Syracuse in aid of, x. 258;
peace of her allies with Thebes, x. 290 _seq._;
alliance of Elis and Achaia with, B. C. 365, x. 313;
and Dionysius, x. 457, 505, xi. 22;
degradation of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 197 _seq._;
countenance of the Phokians by, B. C. 353, xi. 262;
plans of, against Megalopolis and Messênê, B. C. 353, ix. 263, 290;
decline in military readiness among the Peloponnesian allies of,
after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 280;
ineffectual campaign of, against Megalopolis, xi. 299 _seq._;
envoys from, to Philip, xi. 405, 409;
envoys from, with Darius, xii. 189;
anti-Macedonian policy of, after Alexander’s death, xii. 281 _seq._
_Spartan_ kings, ii. 11, 76, 353 _seq._;
senate, assembly, and ephors, ii. 349 _seq._;
popular assembly, ii. 357;
constitution, ii. 359 _seq._;
government, secrecy of, ii. 378;
discipline, ii. 381 _seq._;
women, ii. 383 _seq._;
law and practice of succession, erroneous suppositions about,
ii. 409 _seq._;
arbitration of the dispute between Athens and Megan about Salamis,
iii. 92;
expeditions against Hippias, iv. 122;
empire, commencement of, ix. 181, 184 _seq._, 188 _seq._;
empire, Theopompus on, ix. 195 _n._;
allies at the battle of Leuktra, x. 182.
_Spartans_, and Pheidôn, ii. 318;
and Messenians, early proceedings of, ii. 329;
local distinctions among, ii. 361;
the class of, ii. 361 _seq._;
and Helots, ii. 373 _seq._;
marriage among, ii. 385; their ignorance of letters, ii. 390 _n._ 3;
musical susceptibilities of, ii. 433;
and the second Messenian war, ii. 434, 437;
careful training of, when other states had none, ii. 455;
and the battle of Marathon, iv. 342, 358;
unwillingness of, to postpone or neglect festivals, v. 77;
at Platæa, v. 157, 166 _seq._;
and the continental Ionians after the battle of Mykalê, v. 193;
and the fortification of Athens, v. 243 _seq._;
favorable answer of the oracle at Delphi to, on war with Athens,
B. C. 432, vi. 91;
final answer of the Athenians to, before the Peloponnesian war,
vi. 106;
their desire for peace, to regain the captives from Sphakteria,
vi. 428 _seq._;
and Thebans, at the battle of Korôneia, ix. 317;
project of, for the rescue of the Asiatic Greeks, x. 44;
miso-Theban impulse of, B. C. 371, x. 175;
confidence and defeat of, at Leuktra, x. 179 _seq._;
retirement of, from Bœotia after the battle of Leuktra, x. 190;
refusal of, to acknowledge the independence of Messênê, x. 290, 350;
and Dion, xi. 61.
_Sparti_, i. 259, 261.
_Spartokidæ_, xii. 479 _seq._
_Speaking_, public, its early origin and intellectual effects,
ii. 77 _seq._
_Sperthiês_ and Bulis, vi. 182 _n._
_Speusippus_, indictment of, by Leogoras, vii. 206 _n._ 3.
_Sphakteria_, locality of, vi. 314;
occupation of, by the Lacedæmonians, vi. 320, 346;
blockade of Lacedæmonians in, vi. 324, 332 _seq._;
Lacedæmonian embassy to Athens for the release of the prisoners in,
vi. 324 _seq._;
Demosthenês’s application for reinforcements to attack,
vi. 334 _seq._;
condition of, on the attack by Demosthenês and Kleon, vi. 340;
victory of Demosthenês and Kleon over Lacedæmonians in,
vi. 341 _seq._;
surrender of Lacedæmonians in, vi. 345 _seq._;
arrival of prisoners from, at Athens, vi. 351;
restoration of prisoners taken at, vii. 6 _seq._;
disfranchisement of restored prisoners from, vii. 22.
_Sphendaleis_, Attic deme of, v. 158 _n._ 2.
_Sphinx_, the, i. 7, 266.
_Spodrias_, attempt of, to surprise Peiræus, x. 98 _seq._
_Spitamenes_, xii. 207, 213, 214.
_Spithridates_, and the Lacedæmonians, ix. 260, 274 _seq._
_Stables_, the Augean, i. 139.
_Stageira_, iv. 25.
_Standard_ of historical evidence raised with regard to England, but
not with regard to Greece, i. 484.
_Stasippus_, x. 209.
_Statira_, xii. 124, 154, 241.
_Statues_, Greek, identified with the beings they represented, i. 460.
_Stenyklêrus_, Dorians of, ii. 328.
_Steropês_, i. 5.
_Stesichorus, the lyric poet_, and Helen, i. 307 _seq._;
dialect of, iv. 78 _seq._
_Stesiklês_, x. 144, 147 _n._
_Sthenelaïdas_, the ephor, vi. 90 _seq._
_Story_ of striking off the overtopping ears of corn, iii. 24 _n._
_Strabo_ on the Amazons, i. 214;
his version of the Argonautic expedition, i. 255;
on Old and New Ilium, i. 329 _seq._;
his transformation of mythes to history, i. 413.
_Strangers_, supplication of, ii. 79 _n._;
reception of, in legendary Greece, ii. 85.
_Stratêgi_, Kleisthenean, iv. 136;
enlarged functions of Athenian, after the Persian war, v. 276.
_Stratolas_, x. 320.
_Stratus_, attack of Peloponnesians, Ambrakiots and Epirots upon,
B. C. 429, vi. 194.
_Strelitzes_, suppression of the revolt of, by Peter the Great,
iv. 232 _n._ 3.
_Strombichidês_, pursuit of Chalkideus and Alkibiadês by, vii. 371;
expedition of, to Chios, vii. 374, 390, 392;
removal of, from Chios to the Hellespont, viii. 94;
arrival of, at Samos, from the Hellespont, viii. 95;
and other Athenian democrats, imprisonment of, viii. 236;
trial and execution of, viii. 240 _seq._
_Strophê_, introduction of, iv. 89.
_Struthas_, victory of, over Thimbron, ix. 362.
_Strymôn_, Greek settlements east of, in Thrace, iv. 25;
Xerxes’s bridges across the, v. 25.
_Styx_, i. 7, 8.
_Styx_, rocks near, ii. 301 _n._
_Subterranean_, course of rivers in Greece, ii. 219.
_Succession_, Solon’s laws of, iii. 139.
_Suli_, iii. 418.
_Suppliants_, reception of, in legendary Greece, ii. 85.
_Supplication_ of strangers, ii. 79 _n._
_Susa_, sum found in by Alexander the Great, iv. 236 _n._;
Pharnabazus conveys Greek escorts towards, viii. 135;
Alexander at, xii. 168, 238;
Alexander’s march from, to Persepolis, xii. 246 _seq._
_Susia_, xii. 189.
_Susian Gates_, Alexander at, xii. 171.
_Syagrus_, reply of, to Gelôn, i. 167.
_Sybaris_, foundation, territory and colonies of, iii. 376 _seq._;
fall of, iii. 392, 399, iv. 413 _seq._;
maximum power of, iii. 394 _seq._;
and Krotôn, war between, iv. 412.
_Sybarites_, character of, iii. 394 _seq._;
defeat of, by the Krotoniates, iv. 413;
descendants of, at Thurii, vi. 13.
_“Sybaritic tales”_, iii. 394.
_Syennesis of Kilikia_, and Cyrus the Younger, ix. 18.
_Sylosôn_, iv. 248 _seq._
_Symmories_ at Athens, x. 117 _seq._;
speech of Demosthenês on the, xi. 285 _seq._
_Symplêgades_, the, i. 235.
_Syntagma_, Macedonian, xii. 60.
_Syracusan_ assembly, on the approaching Athenian expedition,
B. C. 415, vii. 183 _seq._;
ships, improvements in, to suit the narrow harbor, vii. 297;
squadron under Hermokrates against Athens in the Ægean,
x. 385 _seq._;
generals at Agrigentum, complaints against, x. 427, 431;
generals at Agrigentum, speech of Dionysius against, x. 433 _seq._;
horsemen, mutiny of, against Dionysius, x. 451 _seq._;
soldiers mutiny of, against Dionysius, x. 462 _seq._
_Syracusans_, confidence and proceedings of, after the capture of
Plemmyrium, B. C. 413, vii. 293 _seq._;
and Athenians, conflicts between, in the Great Harbor, vii. 294,
299 _seq._, 316 _seq._, 324 _seq._;
defeat of the Athenian night attack upon Epipolæ by, vii. 305 _seq._;
their blockade of the Athenians in the harbor, vii. 318;
captured by Thrasyllus, viii. 129;
delay of, in aiding Selinus, B. C. 409, x. 404, 408;
improvement in Dionysius’s behavior towards, B. C. 399, x. 473;
victory of, over the Carthaginians in the great Harbor, x. 501;
negotiations of Dionysius the Younger with Dion and the, xi. 96;
defeat of Dionysius the Younger, by Dion and the, xi. 97 _seq._;
application from, to Dion at Leontini, xi. 108;
gratitude of, to Dion, xi. 112;
opposition of, to Dion as dictator, xi. 121 _seq._;
application of, to Hiketas and Corinth, B. C. 344, x. 134 _seq._;
and Timoleon, application of, to Corinth, xi. 167.
_Syracuse_, foundation of, iii. 363;
petalism or ostracism at, iv. 162;
inferior to Agrigentum and Gela, before B. C. 500, v. 204;
in B. C. 500, v. 205;
increased population and power of, under Gelo, v. 214 _seq._;
prisoners awarded to, after the battle of Himera, v. 225;
topography of, B. C. 465, v. 235 _n._;
fall of the Gelonian dynasty at, v. 235 _seq._;
Gelonian citizens of, v. 237 _seq._;
reaction against despotism at, after the fall of the Gelonian
dynasty, v. 240;
political dissensions and failure of ostracism at, vii. 122;
foreign exploits of, B. C. 452, vii. 123;
Duketius at, vii. 124;
and Agrigentum, hostilities between, B. C. 446, vii. 125;
conquests and ambitious schemes of, B. C. 440, vii. 126;
incredulity and contempt at, as to the Athenian armament for Sicily,
B. C. 415, vii. 182;
quiescence of the democracy at, vii. 183 _n._;
preparations at, on the approach of the Athenian armament at,
B. C. 415, vii. 190;
empty display of the Athenian armament at, B. C. 415, vii. 194;
increased confidence at, through Nikias’s inaction, B. C. 415,
vii. 218;
landing of Nikias and his forces in the Great Harbor of, B. C. 415,
vii. 219;
defensive measures of, after the battle near the Olympieion,
vii. 228;
embassy from, to Corinth and Sparta, B. C. 415, vii. 235;
local condition and fortifications of, in the spring of B. C. 414,
vii. 244;
localities outside the walls of, vii. 245;
possibilities of the siege of, B. C. 415 and 414, vii. 245;
siege of, B. C. 414, vii. 248 _seq._;
battle near, B. C. 414, vii. 255 _seq._;
entrance of the Athenian fleet into the Great Harbor at, B. C. 414,
vii. 256;
approach of Gylippus to, vii. 262 _seq._;
arrival of Gylippus and Gongylus at, vii. 265;
expedition to, under Demosthenês B. C. 413, vii. 289;
Athenian victory in the harbor of, B. C. 413, vii. 291;
defeat of a Sicilian reinforcement to, B. C. 413, vii. 295;
disadvantages of the Athenian fleet in the harbor of, vii. 296;
arrival of Demosthenês at, vii. 301, 303;
philo-Athenians at, during the siege, vii. 311 _n._;
increase of force and confidence in, after the night attack upon
Epipolæ, vii. 314;
postponement of the Athenians’ retreat from, by an eclipse of the
moon, vii. 315;
number and variety of forces engaged at, vii. 318;
postponement of the Athenians’ retreat from, by Hermokratês,
vii. 330;
retreat of the Athenians from, vii. 331 _seq._;
number and treatment of Athenian prisoners at, vii. 344 _seq._;
topography of, and the operations during the Athenian siege,
vii. 401 _seq._;
rally of Athens during the year after the disaster at, viii. 1;
reinforcement from, in aid of Sparta, B. C. 368, x. 258;
after the destruction of the Athenian armament, x. 383, 389 _seq._;
and the quarrel between Selinus and Egesta, B. C. 410, x. 403 _seq._;
embassy from, to Hannibal, at Selinus, x. 409;
aid from, to Himera, against Hannibal, x. 410, 411;
attempts of Hermokrates to enter, x. 416 _seq._;
first appearance of Dionysius at, x. 420;
discord at, B. C. 407, x. 421;
reinforcement from, to Agrigentum, x. 426;
movement of the Hermokratean party at, to raise Dionysius to power,
x. 432;
Dionysius one of the generals at, 434 _seq._;
return of the Hermokratean exiles to, x. 436;
return of Dionysius from Gela, to, B. C. 405, x. 429;
establishment of Dionysius as despot at, x. 444 _seq._, 454;
re-distribution of property at, by Dionysius, x. 459 _seq._;
locality of, x. 470;
additional fortifications at, by Dionysius, x. 471 _seq._;
plunder of Carthaginians at, by permission of Dionysius, x. 482;
provisions of Dionysius for the defence of, against the
Carthaginians, B. C. 396, x. 494;
retreat of Dionysius from, to Katana, B. C. 395, x. 497;
siege of, by Imilkon, x. 498 _seq._;
Carthaginians before, x. 498 _seq._, 506 _seq._;
exultation at, over the burning of the Carthaginian fleet at Daskon,
x. 509;
new constructions and improvements by Dionysius at, xi. 39;
feeling at, towards Dionysius the Younger and Dion, B. C. 357,
xi. 86;
Dion’s march from Herakleia to, xi. 90;
Timokrates, governor of, xi. 92 _seq._;
Dion’s entries into, B. C. 357 and B. C. 356, xi. 92 _seq._, 110;
flight of Dionysius the Younger from, to Lokri, xi. 104;
rescue of, by Dion, xi. 108 _seq._;
condition of, B. C. 353-344, xi. 129 _seq._;
return of Dionysius the Younger to, xi. 132;
first arrival of Timoleon at, xi. 149;
return of Timoleon from Adranum to, xi. 158;
flight of Magon from, xi. 159 _seq._;
Timoleon’s temptations and conduct on becoming master of,
xi. 163 _seq._;
Timoleon’s recall of exiles to, xi. 166;
desolate condition of, on coming into the hands of Timoleon,
xi. 166, 167;
efforts of Corinth to reconstitute, xi. 167, 168;
influx of colonists to, on the invitation of Corinth and Timoleon,
xi. 169;
Timoleon marches from, against the Carthaginians, xi. 172 _seq._;
Timoleon lays down his power at, xi. 185;
great influence of Timoleon at, after his resignation, xi. 186, 193;
residence of Timoleon at, xi. 190;
Timoleon in the public assembly of, xi. 190 _seq._;
the constitution established by Timoleon at, exchanged for a
democracy, xii. 393;
expedition from, to Krotôn, about B. C. 320, xii. 397;
revolutions at, about B. C. 320, xii. 399, 400;
massacre at, by Agathokles in collusion with Hamilkar,
xii. 401 _seq._;
Agathokles constituted despot of, xii. 402;
Hamilkar’s unsuccessful attempt to take, xii. 422 _seq._;
barbarities of Agathokles at, after his African expedition, xii. 446.
_Syrians_, not distinguished from Assyrians in Greek authors,
iii. 290 _n._
_Syrphax_, xii. 90.
_Syssitia_, or public mess at Sparta, ii. 381.
T.
_Tachos_, x. 361 _seq._
_Tagus_, Thessalian, ii. 281.
_Talôs_, i. 240.
_Tamos_, x. 13.
_Tamynæ_, Phokion’s victory at, xi. 341;
Demosthenes reproached for his absence from the battle of, xi. 344.
_Tanagra_, battle of, v. 328;
reconciliation of leaders and parties at Athens, after the battle
of, v. 329.
_Tantalus_, i. 157.
_Taochi_, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 109 _seq._
_Taphians_ in Homer’s time, ii. 102.
_Taranto_, fishery at, iii. 389 _n._ 2.
_Tarentines_ and Rhegians, expedition of, against the Iapygians,
v. 238;
and Mesapians, xii. 394.
_Tarentum_, foundation of cities in the Gulf of, i. 230;
Greek settlements on the Gulf of, iii. 384;
foundation and position of, iii. 387 _seq._
_Tarsus_, origin of, i. 85 _n._, iii. 277;
Cyrus the Younger at, ix. 20 _seq._;
Alexander at, xii. 112.
_Tartarus_, i. 4, 8, 9.
_Tartessus_, iii. 274;
not visited by Greeks before B. C. 630, iii. 277;
Kôlæus’s voyage to, iii. 278.
_Tauri_ in the Crimea, iii. 245.
_Tauromenium_, iii. 362;
commencement of, x. 493;
repulse of Dionysius at, xi. 5;
capture of, by Dionysius, xi. 8;
Timoleon at, xi. 146.
_Taurus_, xii. 182 _n._ 2.
_Taurus, Mount_, Alexander at, xii. 111.
_Taxiarch_, ii. 460.
_Taxila_, Alexander at, xii. 227.
_Tearless Battle_, the, x. 265 _seq._
_Tegea_ and Mantinea, ii. 443 _seq._, vi. 452, vii. 13;
and Sparta, ii. 447 _seq._;
bones of Orestês taken from, ii. 448;
refusal of, to join Argos, B. C. 421, vii. 19;
plans of the Argeian allies against, B. C. 418, vii. 76;
march of Agis to the relief of, B. C. 418, vii. 77;
revolution at, B. C. 370, x. 209;
seizure of Arcadians at, by the Theban harmost, x. 324 _seq._;
Epaminondas at, B. C. 362, x. 329, 330, 333, 335 _seq._;
march of Epaminondas from, B. C. 362, x. 333 _seq._
_Tegyra_, victory of Pelopidas at, x. 134.
_Teian_ inscriptions, iii. 186 _n._
_Telamôn_, i. 189 _seq._
_Telegonus_, i. 315.
_Têlekus_, conquests of, ii. 421;
death of, ii. 425.
_Teleontes_, iii. 51.
_Têlephus_, i. 177, 292.
_Teleutius_ and Agesilaus, capture of the Long Walls at Corinth, and of
Lechæum by, ix. 339 _seq._;
expedition of, to Rhodes, ix. 364, 368;
at Ægina, ix. 373, 376;
attack of, on the Peiræus, ix. 377 _seq._;
at Olynthus, x. 65 _seq._
_Têlinês_, iv. 106 _n._, v. 208 _seq._
_Telys, of Sybaris_, iv. 412 _seq._
_Temenion_ and Solygeius, ii. 309.
_Temenus_, Kresphontês, and Aristodêmus, ii. 2 _seq._;
and Kresphontês, family of, lowest in the series of subjects for
heroic drama, ii. 10.
_Temnos_, situation of, iii. 191 _n._ 1.
_Tempe_, remarks of Herodotus on the legend of, i. 400;
Delphian procession to, ii. 275 _n._ 2;
Grecian army sent to defend, against Xerxes, v. 68;
abandonment of the defence of, against Xerxes, v. 69 _seq._
_Temple of Eleusis_ built by order of Dêmêtêr, i. 40.
_Tenedos_, continental settlements of, iii. 195;
recovery of, by Macedonian admiralty, xii. 141.
_Ten_, appointment of the, at Athens, viii. 271;
measures of the, at Athens, viii. 272;
peace between the, at Athens, and Thrasybulus, viii. 279 _seq._;
treatment of the, at Athens, B. C. 403, viii. 293.
_Ten generals_ appointed to succeed Alkibiadês, viii. 159.
_Tennes_, the Sidonian prince, xi. 438.
_Ten Thousand Greeks_, position and circumstances of, ix. 11;
commencement of their retreat, ix. 52;
Persian heralds to, on commencing their retreat, ix. 52;
negotiations and convention of Tissaphernes with, ix. 59 _seq._;
quarrel of, with Ariæus, ix. 63;
retreating march of, under Tissaphernes, ix. 63 _seq._;
at the Tigris, ix. 65 _seq._;
at the Greater Zab, ix. 69;
summoned by Ariæus to surrender, ix. 76;
distress of, after the seizure of the generals, ix. 76;
new generals appointed by, ix. 80;
great ascendency of Xenophon over, ix. 83 _seq._;
crossing of the Great Zab by, ix. 88;
harassing attacks of the Persian cavalry on, ix. 88 _seq._;
retreat of, along the Tigris, ix. 90 _seq._;
and the Karduchians, ix. 96 _seq._;
at the Kentritês, ix. 100 _seq._;
in Armenia, ix. 102 _seq._;
and the Chalybes, ix. 107 _seq._;
and the Taochi, ix. 107 _seq._;
and the Skythine, ix. 110;
first sight of the Euxine by, ix. 111;
and the Makrônes, ix. 112;
and the Kolchians, ix. 112, 127;
at Trapezus, ix. 113, 124 _seq._;
geography of the retreat of, ix. 115 _seq._;
feelings of the Greeks on the Euxine towards, ix. 123 _seq._;
leave Trapezus, ix. 127;
at Kerasus, ix. 127;
march of, to Kotyôra, ix. 128;
at Kotyôra, ix. 129 _seq._;
and the Paphlagonians, ix. 144;
sail to Sinopê, ix. 144;
at Herakleia, ix. 146;
at Kalpê, ix. 147;
and Kleander, ix. 149 _seq._, 164;
and Anaxibius, ix. 154 _seq._, 163;
and Seuthes, ix. 154, 165 _seq._;
after leaving Byzantium, ix. 163 _seq._;
and Aristarchus, ix. 164 _seq._;
under the Lacedæmonians, ix. 168, 173, 206, 214;
in Mysia, ix. 172 _seq._;
Xenophon’s farewell of, ix. 175;
effects of their retreat on the Greek mind, ix. 179 _seq._
_Ten Thousand_, the Pan-Arcadian, x. 232.
_Teôs_, foundation of, iii. 185;
inscriptions of, iii. 186 _n._;
emigration from, on the conquest of Harpagus, iv. 203;
loss of, to Athens, B. C. 412, vii. 383;
capture of, by the Lacedæmonians, viii. 154.
_Tereus_, i. 196.
_Terpander_, ii. 141;
musical improvements of, iv. 75.
_Tethys_, i. 5, 6.
_Teukrians_, the, i. 335;
and Mysians, ethnical affinities and migrations of, iii. 208 _seq._
_Teukrus_, i. 189.
_Teukrus, the metic_, vii. 195, 197, 205 _n._ 1.
_Teuthrania_ mistaken by the Greeks for Troy, i. 292.
_Teutonic and Scandinavian epic_, its analogy with the Grecian,
i. 479 _seq._;
points of distinction between the Grecian and, i. 481.
_Thais_ and the burning of the palace of Persepolis, xii. 176 _n._ 3.
_Thales_, Xenophanês, and Pythagoras, i. 367 _seq._;
predictions ascribed to, ii. 116;
alleged prediction of an eclipse of the sun by, iii. 231 _n._ 3;
suggestion of, respecting the twelve Ionic cities in Asia, iii. 259;
philosophy and celebrity of, iv. 381 _seq._
_Thaletas_, iv. 83, 86.
_Thamyris_, analogy between the story of, and that of Marsyas,
iii. 214.
_Thanatos_, i. 7.
_Thapsakus_, Cyrus the Younger end his forces at, ix. 29 _seq._;
Alexander crosses the Euphrates at, xii. 150.
_Thasos_, island of, iv. 25;
attempted revolt of, from the Persians, iv. 313;
contribution levied by Xerxes on, v. 42;
revolt of, from the confederacy of Delos, v. 310;
blockade and conquest of, B. C. 464-463, v. 312;
application of, to Sparta, for aid against Athens, v. 312;
expulsion of the Lacedæmonians from, viii. 127;
reduction of, by Thrasyllus, viii. 144;
slaughter at, by Lysander, viii. 222.
_Thaumas_, i. 7.
_Theagenes of Rhegium_, the first to allegorize mythical narratives,
v. i. 418.
_Theagenes, despot of Megara_, iii. 44.
_Theagenes of Thasus_, statue of, 17, v. _n._ 2.
_Theatre_, Athenian, accessibility of, to the poorest citizens,
viii. 320.
_Thebaïd_ of Antimachus, i. 268.
_Thebaïs_, the Cyclic, i. 268;
ascribed to Homer, ii. 129.
_Theban_ contingent of Leonidas, doubts about, v. 91, 95;
leaders put to death after the battle of Platæa, v. 187;
prisoners in the night-surprise at Platæa, slaughter of,
vi. 118 _seq._;
military column, depth of, vi. 386, 390;
band of Three Hundred, vi. 387;
exiles at Athens, x. 61, 80 _seq._
_Thebans_ and Æginetans, i. 184;
against the seven chiefs, i. 273;
application of, to Ægina, for assistance against Athens, iv. 172;
and Xerxes’s invasion, v. 76;
defeated by the Athenians at Platæa, v. 179;
night-surprise of Platæa by, B. C. 431, vi. 114 _seq._;
capture of, in the night-surprise of Platæa, vi. 116 _seq._;
captured in the night-surprise of Platæa, slaughter of,
vi. 118 _seq._;
opposition of, to peace with Athens, B. C. 404, viii. 229 _n._;
humiliation of Agesilaus by, ix. 256;
application of, to Athens for aid against Sparta, B. C. 395,
ix. 291 _seq._;
at the battle of Corinth, ix. 306 _n._;
and Spartans at the battle of Korôneia, ix. 315;
and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 386;
expulsion of the Lacedæmonians from Bœotia by, B. C. 374, x. 135;
invasion of Phokis by, B. C. 374, x. 136;
discouragement and victory of, at Leuktra, x. 177 _seq._;
and allies, invasion of Laconia by, B. C. 370, x. 215 _seq._;
displeasure of, with Epaminondas, B. C. 367, x. 268;
expeditions of, to Thessaly, to rescue Pelopidas, x. 283, 303 _seq._;
destruction of Orchomenus by, x. 311;
under Pammenes, expedition of, to Megalopolis, x. 359;
extinction of free cities in Bœotia by, xi. 201;
exertions of, to raise a confederacy against the Phokians, B. C. 356,
ix. 251;
Lokrians and Thessalians, war of, against the Phokians, B. C. 355,
xi. 254;
assistance under Pammenes sent by, to Artabazus, xi. 257, 299;
assistance of, to Megalopolis against Sparta, B. C. 352-351,
xi. 299 _seq._;
obtain money from the Persian king, B. C. 350-349, xi. 302;
invoke the aid of Philip to put down the Phokians, xi. 375;
Philip declares his sympathy with, B. C. 346, xi. 421;
invited by Philip to assist in an attack upon Attica, B. C. 339,
xi. 483 _seq._;
and Athenians, war of, against Philip in Phokis, xi. 493, 494 _seq._;
revolt of, against Alexander, xii. 29 _seq._
_Thêbê_, xi. 204 _seq._
_Thebes_ and Orchomenos, i. 135;
legends of, i. 256 _seq._;
how founded by Kadmus, i. 258;
five principal families at, i. 259;
foundation of, by Amphiôn, i. 263;
poems on the sieges of, i. 266;
sieges of, i. 269 _seq._;
the seven chiefs against, i. 273 _seq._;
repulse of the seven chiefs against, i. 274 _seq._;
the seven chiefs against death of all but Adrastus, i. 276;
the seven chiefs against, burial of the fallen, i. 277;
second siege of, i. 279, 280;
early legislation of, ii. 297;
and Platæa, disputes between, iv. 166;
summoned to give up its leaders after the battle of Platæa, v. 186;
discredit of, for its _Medism_, v. 314;
supremacy of, in Bœotia restored by Sparta, v. 314, 327;
mastery of Athens over, B. C. 456, v. 331;
reinforcements from, in support of the night-surprise at Platæa,
vi. 114 _seq._;
hard treatment of Thespiæ by, B. C. 423, vi. 452;
altered feeling of, after the capture of Athens by Lysander,
viii. 259, 264, 275;
and Sparta, war between, B. C. 395, ix. 289 _seq._;
revolt of Orchomenos from, to Sparta, ix. 293;
alliance of, with Athens, Corinth, and Argos, against Sparta,
ix. 301;
increased importance of, B. C. 395, ix. 301;
alarm at, and proposals of peace from, on the Lacedæmonian capture of
the Long Walls at Corinth, ix. 341;
envoys from, to Agesilaus, ix. 347, 352;
and the peace of Antalkidas, x. 12;
proceedings of Sparta against, after the peace of Antalkidas,
x. 28 _seq._;
seizure of the Kadmeia at, by Phœbidas, x. 58 _seq._;
government of, B. C. 382, x. 59 _n._ 1;
under Leontiades and other philo-Laconian oligarchs, x. 79 _seq._;
conspiracy against the philo-Laconian oligarchy at, x. 81 _seq._;
alliance of, with Athens, B. C. 378, x. 102;
state of, after the revolution of, B. C. 379, x. 119;
the Sacred Band at, x. 120;
expeditions of Agesilaus against, B. C. 378 and 377, x. 127 _seq._;
displeasure of Athens against, B. C. 474, x. 134, 158;
dealings of, with Platæa and Thespiæ, B. C. 372, x. 159 _seq._;
exclusion of, from the peace of B. C. 371, x. 167 _seq._;
increased power of, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 193;
and Sparta, alleged arbitration of the Achæans between, after the
battle of Leuktra, x. 199 _n._;
influence of, in Thessaly, B. C. 369, x. 248;
alienation of the Arcadians from, B. C. 368, x. 259 _seq._;
assassination of Euphron at, x. 273 _seq._;
application of, to Persia, B. C. 367, x. 277 _seq._;
Persian rescript in favor of, x. 278 _seq._;
protest of the Arcadians against the headship of, x. 281;
peace of Corinth, Epidaurus an Phlius with, B. C. 366, x. 290 _seq._;
opposition of the Mantineans and other Arcadians to, B. C. 362,
x. 326;
power of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 200 _seq._;
Philip at, xi. 207 _seq._;
Eubœa rescued from, by Athens, B. C. 358, xi. 217 _seq._;
accusation of, against Sparta before the Amphiktyonic assembly,
xi. 243;
accusation of, against Phokis before the Amphiktyonic assembly,
xi. 243;
the Phokians countenanced by Athens and Sparta as rivals of, xi. 262;
envoys to Philip from, B. C. 346, xi. 405, 408;
and Athens, unfriendly relations between, B. C. 339, xi. 484;
mission of Demosthenês to, B. C. 339, xi. 486 _seq._;
and Athens, alliance of, against Philip, B. C. 339, xi. 490;
severity of Philip towards, after the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 505;
march of Alexander from Thrace to, xii. 36;
capture and destruction of, by Alexander, xii. 37 _seq._;
restored by Kassander, xii. 441.
_Thebes in Egypt_, iii. 312.
_Theft_, laws of, at Athens, iii. 142.
_Theia_, i. 5.
_Themis_, i. 5, 10.
_Themistoklês_, character of, iv. 337 _seq._;
and Aristeidês, rivalry between, v. 50, 273;
change of Athens from a land-power to a sea-power proposed by, v. 52;
long-sighted views of, in creating a navy at Athens, v. 53,
293 _n._ 2;
and the Laurian mines, v. 54;
his explanation of the answer of the Delphian oracle on Xerxes’s
invasion, v. 61;
prevails upon the Greeks to stay and fight at Artemisium,
v. 97 _seq._;
inscribed invitations of, to the Ionians under Xerxes, v. 102;
activity and resource of, on Xerxes’s approach, v. 110;
opposes the removal of the Greek fleet from Salamis to the isthmus
of Corinth, v. 121 _seq._;
and Eurybiadês at Salamis, v. 123 _n._;
and Adeimantus of Corinth, at Salamis, v. 122, 125;
his message to Xerxes before the battle of Salamis, v. 126;
his message to Xerxes after the battle of Salamis, v. 139;
levies fines on the Cyclades, v. 141;
honors rendered to, after the battle of Salamis, v. 146;
alleged proposal of, to burn all the Grecian ships except the
Athenian, v. 203 _n._ 2;
stratagem of, respecting the fortification of Athens, v. 244 _seq._;
plans of, for the naval aggrandizement of Athens, v. 248 _seq._;
persuades the Athenians to build twenty new triremes annually,
v. 252;
and Pausanias, v. 273, 282;
opponents and corruption of, after the Persian war, v. 278 _seq._;
and Timokreon, v. 278;
first accusation of treason against, v. 280;
two accusations of treason against, v. 280 _n._ 1;
ostracism of, v. 281, 282 _n._ 1;
second accusation of treason against, v. 382;
flight and adventures of, on charge of _Medism_, v. 283 _seq._;
and Admêtus, v. 283;
and Artaxerxes Longimanus, v. 285 _seq._;
in Persia, v. 285 _seq._;
rewards and death of, v. 287 _seq._
_Theodôrus of Samos_, iv. 98 _n._
_Theodôrus the Syracusan_, speech of, against Dionysius, x. 501 _seq._
_Theognis_, iii. 44, iv. 92.
_Theogony_ of the Greeks not a cosmogony, i. 2;
of Hesiod, i. 3;
Orphic, i. 17 _seq._;
Hesiodic and Orphic, compared, i. 20 _seq._;
Hesiodic legend of Pandôra in, i. 75.
_Theoklês_, the founder of Naxos, in Sicily, iii. 361;
expels the Sikels from Leontini and Katana, iii. 363.
_Theology_, triple, of the pagan world, i. 439.
_Theophrastus_, the phytologist, i. 360 _n._;
his treatment of mythes, i. 412.
_Theopompus, the Spartan king_, ii. 424 _nn._
_Theopompus, the historian_, on the Spartan empire, ix. 195 _n._
_Theôric Board_ at Athens, creation of, ix. 379.
_Theôric Fund_, allusions of Demosthenês to, xi. 334, 338;
motion of Apollodorus about, xi. 348;
not appropriated to war purposes till just before the battle of
Chæroneia, xi. 353;
true character of, xi. 353 _seq._;
attempt of the Athenian property-classes to evade direct taxation by
recourse to, xi. 357;
application of, to military purposes, xi. 492.
_Theôrikon_, viii. 321.
_Theôrs_, ii. 243.
_Thêra_, ii. 27;
foundation of Kyrênê from, iv. 29 _seq._
_Theramenês_, Peloponnesian fleet under, vii. 388;
statement of, respecting the Four Hundred, viii. 13 _n._ 2;
expedition of, to the Hellespont, viii. 118;
accusation of the generals at Arginusæ by, viii. 181 _seq._;
probable conduct of, at Arginusæ, viii. 185 _seq._, 187 _n._;
first embassy of, to Sparta, viii. 227;
second embassy of, to Sparta, viii. 228;
and the executions by the Thirty, viii. 241, 242, 245;
and Kritias, dissentient views of, viii. 241 _seq._, 249;
exasperation of the majority of the Thirty against, viii. 249;
denunciation of, by Kritias in the senate, viii. 249;
reply of, to Kritins’s denunciation in the senate, viii. 251;
condemnation and death of, vii. 253 _seq._
_Theramenês_ the Athenian, viii. 19;
his opposition to the Four Hundred, viii. 58 _seq._;
his impeachment of the embassy of the Four Hundred to Sparta,
viii. 84 _seq._
_Therimachus_, ix. 366.
_Therma_, Xerxes’s movements from, to Thermopylæ, v. 83;
capture of, by Archestratus, vi. 70.
_Thermaic Gulf_, original occupants on, iv. 13.
_Thermopylæ_, Greeks north of, in the first two centuries, ii. 274;
Phokian defensive wall at, ii. 283;
resolution of Greeks to defend against Xerxes, v. 71;
the pass of, v. 73 _seq._;
path over Mount Œta avoiding, v. 73;
movements of Xerxes from Therma to, v. 83;
impressions of Xerxes about the defenders at, v. 86;
repeated Persian attacks upon, repulsed, v. 87;
debate among the defenders of, when the Persians approached their
rear, v. 89;
manœuvres ascribed to Xerxes respecting the dead at, v. 103;
numbers slain at, on both sides, v. 103;
inscriptions commemorative of the battle at, v. 104;
effect of the battle of, on the Greeks and Xerxes, v. 105 _seq._;
conduct of the Peloponnesians after the battle of, v. 106;
hopeless situation of the Athenians after the battle of, v. 106;
Onomarchus at, xi. 256;
Philip checked at, by the Athenians, xi. 296;
position of Phalækus at, B. C. 347-346, xi. 374, 418;
application of the Phokians to Athens for aid against Philip at,
B. C. 347, xi. 376;
importance of, to Philip and Athens, B. C. 347, xi. 378;
march of Philip to, B. C. 346, xi. 407 _seq._;
plans of Philip against, B. C. 346, xi. 410;
letters of Philip inviting the Athenians to join him at, xi. 417;
Phokians at, B. C. 347-346, xi. 418 _seq._;
surrender of, to Philip, xi. 421;
professions of Philip after his conquest of, xi. 424;
special meeting of the Amphiktyous at, B. C. 339, xi. 479.
_Thermus_, ii. 291.
_Thêro of Agrigentum_ and Gelo, v. 220 _seq._;
and Hiero, v. 228;
severe treatment of Himeræans by, v. 228;
death of, v. 230.
_Thersander_, the Orchomenian, at the Theban banquet to Mardonius,
v. 160.
_Thersitês_, i. 298, ii. 70 _seq._
_Therseium_ at Athens, v. 306.
_Thêseus_, i. 169, 207 _seq._;
and the Minôtaur, i. 223;
obtains burial for the fallen chiefs against Thêbes, i. 277;
the political reforms of, ii. 21;
and Menestheus, ii. 22;
restoration of the sons of, to his kingdom, ii. 23;
consolidation of Attica by, iii. 69;
bones of, conveyed to Athens, v. 304.
_Thesmoi_, iii. 76.
_Thesmophoria_, festival of, i. 44.
_Thesmothetæ_, iii. 74.
_Thespiæ_, hard treatment of, by Thebes, B. C. 423, vi. 452;
severity of Thebes towards, B. C. 372, x. 162.
_Thespian_ contingent of Leonidas, v. 91.
_Thespians_, distress of, caused by Xerxes’s invasion, v. 91 _n._ 1;
at the battle of Leuktra, x. 180;
expulsion of, from Bœotia, after the buds of Leuktra, x. 195.
_Thespis_ and Solon, story of, iii. 146.
_Thesprotians_, iii. 414 _seq._
_Thessalian_ cities, disorderly confederacy of, ii. 282;
and Athenian cavalry, skirmishes of, with Archidamus, vi. 134;
cavalry sent home by Alexander, xii. 181.
_Thessalians_, migration of, from Thesprôtis to Thessaly, ii. 14;
non-Hellenic character of, ii. 15;
and their dependants in the first two centuries, ii. 274 _seq._;
character and condition of, ii. 276 _seq._;
and Xerxes’s invasion, v. 67, 69;
alliance of, with Athens and Argos, about B. C. 461, v. 320;
Thebans, and Lokrians, war of, with the Phokians, B. C. 355, xi. 254.
_Thessalus_, son of Kimon, impeachment of Alkibiadês by, vii. 210.
_Thessaly_, affinities of, with Bœotia, ii. 17;
quadruple division of, ii. 281;
power of, when united, ii. 283;
Athenian march against, B. C. 454, v. 382;
Brasidas’s march through, to Thrace, vi. 399 _seq._;
Lacedæmonian reinforcements to Brasidas prevented from passing
through, vi. 449;
state of, B. C. 370, x. 248;
influence of Thebes in, B. C. 369, x. 248;
expedition of Pelopidas to, B. C. 369, x. 248;
expedition of Pelopidas to, B. C. 368, x. 263;
expeditions of Pelopidas to, x. 264 _n._ 2;
mission of Pelopidas to, B. C. 366, x. 282;
expedition of Pelopidas to, B. C. 363, x. 303, 307 _seq._;
despots of, xi. 202 _seq._;
first expedition of Philip into, against the despots of Pheræ,
xi. 261, 292, 295 _n._ 2;
second expedition of Philip into, against the despots of Pheræ,
xi. 292;
victory of Leosthenes over Antipater in, xii. 315.
_Thêtes_ in legendary Greece, ii. 100;
in Attica immediately before Solon’s legislation, iii. 94 _seq._;
mutiny of, iii. 97.
_Thetis_ and Pêleus, i. 187.
_Thimbron_, expedition of, to Asia, ix. 208;
defeat and death of, ix. 362, xii. 429 _seq._
_Thirlwall’s_ opinion on the partition of land ascribed to Lykurgus,
ii. 401 _seq._, 404, 407 _seq._
_Thirty at Athens_, nomination of, viii. 236;
proceedings of, viii. 239 _seq._;
executions by, viii. 240 _seq._, 243 _seq._, 247 _seq._;
discord among, viii. 243;
three thousand hoplites nominated by, viii. 246;
disarming of hoplites by, viii. 247;
murders and spoliations by, viii. 247, 256;
tyranny of, after the death of Theramenês, viii. 256;
intellectual teaching forbidden by, viii. 257;
and Sokratês, viii. 258;
growing insecurity of, viii. 259;
disgust in Greece at the enormities of, viii. 262;
repulse and defeat of, by Thrasybulus at Phylê, viii. 265;
seizure and execution of prisoners at Eleusis and Salamis by,
viii. 267;
defeat of, by Thrasybulus at Peiræus, viii. 269 _seq._;
deposition of, viii. 271;
reaction against, on the arrival of king Pausanias, viii. 275;
flight of the survivors of the, viii. 280;
treatment of, B. C. 403, viii. 292;
oppression and suffering of Athens under the, ix. 185;
Athens rescued from the, ix. 185;
the knights or horsemen supporters of the, ix. 186;
Athens under the, a specimen of the Spartan empire, ix. 187;
compared with the Lysandrian Dekarchies, ix. 188;
and Kallibius, ix. 188;
put down by the Athenians themselves, ix. 198.
_Thorax_ and Xenophon, ix. 134 _seq._
_Thrace_, Chalkidic colonies in, iv. 22 _seq._;
Greek settlements east of the Strymôn in, iv. 25;
conquest of, by the Persians under Darius, iv. 273;
and Macedonia, march of Mardonius into, iv. 373;
contributions levied by Xerxes on towns in, v. 41;
Brasidas’s expedition to, vi. 370, 397 _seq._;
war continued in, the one year’s truce between Athens and Sparta,
vi. 438;
Alkibiadês and Thrasybulus in, B. C. 407, viii. 144;
Iphikrates in, between B. C. 387-378, x. 106 _seq._;
Iphikrates in, B. C. 368-365, x. 250 _seq._;
Philip in, B. C. 351, xi. 306, and B. C. 346, xi. 402, 404, and
B. C. 342-341, xi. 450 _seq._;
Alexander’s expedition into, xii. 22 _seq._;
march of Alexander from, to Thebes, xii. 36.
_Thracian_ influence upon Greece, i. 31;
race in the north of Asia Minor, iii. 207;
Chersonesus, iv. 27;
subject-allies of Athens not oppressed by her, vi. 404 _seq._;
mercenaries under Diitrephês, vii. 356 _seq._
_Thracians_ in the time of Herodotus and Thucydides, ii. 88;
and Phrygians, affinities between, iii. 208 _seq._, 212;
affinities and migrations of, iii. 208 _seq._;
numbers and abode of, iv. 15;
general character of, iv. 15 _seq._;
Asiatic characteristics of, iv. 17;
venality of, vi. 217 _n._ 2.
_Thrasius_, xi. 173, 180.
_Thrasybulus of Syracuse_, v. 232 _seq._
_Thrasybulus, the Athenian_, speech of, at Samos, viii. 47;
efforts of, at Samoa, in favor of Alkibiadês, viii. 50;
in Thrace, viii. 144;
accusation of the generals at Arginusæ by, viii. 182 _seq._;
flight of, from Attica, viii. 242;
occupation of Phylê, and repulse and defeat of the Thirty by,
viii. 265;
occupation of Peiræus by, viii. 268;
victory of, over the Thirty at Peiræus, viii. 269 _seq._;
increasing strength of, at Peiræus, vii. 273;
straitened condition of, in Peiræus, viii. 274;
at Peiræus, king Pausanias’s attack upon, viii. 276;
and the Ten at Athens, peace between, viii. 277;
and the exiles, restoration of, to Athens, viii. 279;
assistance of, to Evander and others, viii. 306 _n._ 2;
honorary reward to, viii. 309;
aid to the Thebans by, ix. 295;
acquisitions of, in the Hellespont and Bosporus, ix. 366;
victory of, in Lesbos, ix. 367;
death and character of, ix. 367.
_Thrasydæus_, v. 226;
cruel government, defeat, and death of, v. 228, ix. 223, 226.
_Thrasyklês_ and Strombichidês, expedition of, to Chios, vii. 374.
_Thrasyllus_, vii. 73, 74;
at Samos, B. C. 411, viii. 46, 48;
at Lesbos, viii. 101;
eluded by Mindarus, viii. 102;
at Elæus, viii. 109;
repulse of Agis by, viii. 128;
expedition of, to Ionia, viii. 129;
and Alkibiadês, at the Hellespont, viii. 130.
_Thrasylochus_ and Demosthenês, xi. 268 _n._ 2.
_Thrasymachus_, rhetorical precepts of, viii. 370;
doctrine of, in Plato’s Republic, viii. 390 _seq._
_Three thousand_, nominated the Thirty at Athens, viii. 246.
_Thucydidês_, altered intellectual and ethical standard in the age of,
i. 366;
his treatment of ancient mythes, i. 391, 405 _seq._;
his version of the Trojan war, i. 405 _seq._;
on the dwellings of the earliest Greeks, ii. 109;
his date for the return of the Herakleids, ii. 13;
silence of, on the treaty between Athens and Persia, v. 336;
descent of, vi. 12 _n._ 2;
various persons named, vi. 28 _n._ 2;
his division of the year, vi. 114 _n._ 2;
his judgment respecting Periklês, vi. 173, 176;
first mention of Kleon by, vi. 244;
reflections of, on the Korkyræan massacre, B. C. 427, vi. 278 _seq._;
structure of his history, vi. 309 _n._;
judgment of, on Kleon’s success at Pylus, vi. 347 _seq._;
on Kythêra, vi. 364 _n._;
and the capitulation of Amphipolis to Brasidas, vi. 409, 410,
412 _seq._;
banishment of, vi. 413 _seq._;
on Kleon’s views and motives in desiring war, B. C. 422,
vi. 456 _seq._, 459;
passages of, on the battle of Amphipolis, vi. 405 _nn._, 466 _n._,
468 _n._;
feelings of, towards Brasidas and Kleon, vi. 474;
treatment of Kleon by, vi. 474, 477 _seq._;
dialogue set forth by, between the Athenian envoys and Executive
Council of Mêlos, vii. 109 _seq._, 115 _seq._;
his favorable judgment of the Athenians at the restoration of the
democracy, B. C. 411, viii. 90 _seq._;
study of, by Demosthenes, xi. 269.
_Thucydides, son of Melesias_, v. 342;
rivalry of, with Periklês, vi. 15 _seq._;
ostracised, vi. 19;
history of, after his ostracism, vi. 28 _n._ 2.
_Thurians_, defeat of, by the Lucanians, xi. 13.
_Thurii_, foundation of, vi. 13 _seq._;
few Athenian settlers at, vi. 15;
revolution at, B. C. 413, x. 384.
_Thyania_, surprise of, by the Phliasians and Chares, x. 272.
_Thyestean banquet_, the, i. 162.
_Thyestes_, i. 161 _seq._
_Thymochares_, defeat of, near Eretria, viii. 72 _seq._
_Thymodes_, xii. 116, 125.
_Thynians_, iii. 207.
_Thyrea_, conquest of, ii. 449;
capture of, by Nikias, B. C. 424, vi. 366;
stipulation about, between Sparta and Argos, B. C. 420, vii. 27.
_Thyssagetæ_, iii. 244.
_Tigris_, the Ten Thousand Greeks at the, ix. 64 _seq._;
retreat of the Ten Thousand along the, ix. 88 _seq._;
forded by Alexander, xii. 151;
voyage of Nearchus from the mouth of the Indus to that of the,
xii. 235, 236;
Alexander’s voyage up the, to Opis, xii. 243.
_Tilphusios Apollo_, origin of the name, i. 48.
_Timæus’s_ treatment of mythes, i. 410.
_Timagoras_, his mission to Persia, and execution, x. 278, 280,
280 _n._ 1.
_Timandra_, i. 168.
_Timarchus_, decree of, xi. 368, 369 _n._
_Timasion_, and Xenophon, ix. 134 _seq._
_Time_, Grecian computation of, ii. 115 _n._ 2.
_Timegenidas_, death of, v. 187.
_Timocracy_ of Solon, iii. 120 _seq._
_Timokrates, the Rhodian_, ix. 286 _seq._
_Timokrates, of Syracuse_, xi. 92 _seq._
_Timokreon_ and Themistoklês, v. 279.
_Timolaus_, speech of, ix. 304.
_Timoleon_, appointment of, to aid Syracuse, xi. 136, 142;
life and character of, before B. C. 344, xi. 136 _seq._;
and Timophanes, xi. 136 _seq._;
preparations of, for his expedition to Syracuse, xi. 143;
voyage of, from Corinth to Sicily, xi. 143 _seq._;
message from Hiketas to, xi. 144;
at Rhegium, xi. 144 _seq._;
at Tauromenium, xi. 146;
at Adranum, xi. 148, 156;
first arrival of, at Syracuse, xi. 149;
surrender of Ortygia to, xi. 150 _seq._;
reinforcement from Corinth to, xi. 152, 155, 157;
admiration excited by the successes of, xi. 152, 162;
advantage of Ortygia to, xi. 155;
return of, from Adranum to Syracuse, xi. 158;
Messênê declares in favor of, xi. 158;
capture of Epipolæ by, xi. 160;
favor of the gods towards, xi. 161, 179, 181;
ascribes his successes to the gods, xi. 163;
temptations and conduct of, on becoming master of Syracuse,
xi. 163 _seq._;
demolition of the Dionysian stronghold in Ortygia by, xi. 165;
erection of courts of justice at Syracuse by, xi. 166;
recall of exiles to Syracuse, by, xi. 166;
capitulation of Hiketas with, at Leontini, xi. 170;
puts down the despots in Sicily, xi. 170, 180 _seq._;
march of, from Syracuse against the Carthaginians, xi. 172 _seq._;
and Thrasius, xi. 172, 180;
victory of, over the Carthaginians at the Krimêsus, xi. 174 _seq._;
and Mamerkus, xi. 180 _seq._;
partial defeats of his troops, xi. 180;
victory of, over Hiketas at the Damurias, xi. 181;
surrender of Leontini and Hiketas to, xi. 182;
peace of, with the Carthaginians, xi. 182;
capture of Messênê and Hippon by, xi. 184;
lays down his power at Syracuse, xi. 185;
great influence of, after his resignation at Syracuse, xi. 186, 193;
and the immigration of new Greek settlers into Sicily,
xi. 188 _seq._;
residence of, at Syracuse, xi. 190;
in the public assembly at Syracuse, xi. 190 _seq._;
uncorrupted moderation and public spirit of, xi. 192;
freedom and prosperity in Sicily, introduced by, xi. 193;
death and obsequies of, xi. 194;
and Dion, contrast between, xi. 196 _seq._;
the constitution established at Syracuse by, exchanged for an
oligarchy, xii. 393.
_Timomachus_ in the Hellespont, x. 373.
_Timophanes_ and Timoleon, xi. 136 _seq._
_Timotheus, son of Konon_, x. 110;
circumnavigation of Peloponnesus by, x. 132;
at Zakynthus, x. 141;
appointment of, to aid Korkyra, B. C. 373, x. 144;
delay of, in aiding Korkyra, x. 146 _seq._, 147 _n._;
and Iphikrates, x. 149, 288, 299 _n._ 2;
trial and acquittal of, x. 153 _seq._, 154 _n._;
expedition of, to Asia Minor, B. C. 366, x. 252, 294 _seq._;
and Charidemus, x. 299, 300;
successes of, in Macedonia and Chalkidikê, B. C. 365-364, x. 300;
failure of, at Amphipolis, B. C. 364, x. 301;
and Kotys, x. 302;
in the Chersonese, B. C. 363, x. 302, 306, 368;
in the Hellespont, B. C. 357, xi. 224;
accusation of, by Chares, xi. 226 _seq._, 228 _n._ 4;
arrogance and unpopularity of, xi. 227;
exile and death of, xi. 229.
_Timotheus, of the Pontic Herakleia_, xii. 465.
_Tiribazus_ and The Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 99, 102;
embassy of Antalkidas, Konon, and others to, ix. 359 _seq._;
and Antalkidas at, Susa, ix. 383;
and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 385;
and Orontes, x. 22, 23.
_Tisamenus, son of Orestes_, ii. 4, 7, 8 _n._ 1.
_Tisamenus, the Athenian_, decree of, viii. 295.
_Tisiphonus_, despot at Pheræ, xi. 205.
_Tissaphernes_ and Pharnabazus, embassy from, to Sparta, B. C. 413,
vii. 366;
and Chalkideus, treaty between, vii. 376;
first treaty of, with the Peloponnesians, vii. 376;
payment of the Peloponnesian fleet by, vii. 389;
and Astyochus, treaty between, vii. 395 _seq._;
second treaty of, with the Peloponnesians, vii. 395 _seq._;
and Lichas, at Milêtus, vii. 398;
double-dealing and intrigues of, with the Peloponnesian fleet,
vii. 398, 400 _seq._;
escape and advice of Alkibiades, to, viii. 3 _seq._;
and the Greeks, Alkibiadês acts as interpreter between, viii. 5;
reduction of pay to the Peloponnesian fleet by, viii. 5;
third treaty of, with the Peloponnesians, viii. 23 _seq._;
envoy from, to Sparta, B. C. 411, viii. 98;
false promises of, to Mindarus, viii. 99;
and the Phenician fleet at Aspendus, viii. 99, 100, 111;
and the Peloponnesians at the Hellespont, viii. 110 _seq._;
Alkibiadês arrested by, viii. 120;
charge of, against Cyrus the Younger, ix. 7;
negotiations and convention of, with the Ten Thousand Greeks,
ix. 59 _seq._;
retreating march of the Ten Thousand under, ix. 63 _seq._;
treachery of, towards Klearchus and other Greeks, ix. 70 _seq._;
plan of, against the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 75;
attack of, on the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 90;
and the Asiatic Greeks, ix. 206;
and Derkyllidas, ix. 209, 219 _seq._;
and Agesilaus, ix. 261, 267;
death of, ix. 268.
_Titanides_, the, i. 4.
_Titans_, the, i. 4, 5, 8;
the Orphic, i. 17.
Τίθεσθαι τὰ ὅπλα, meaning of, vi. 114 _n._ 3, 356 _n._ 2, 373 _n._,
385 _n._ 2, 387 _n._ 2.
_Tithraustes_ supersedes Tissaphernes, and opens negotiations with
Agesilaus, ix. 268;
sends an envoy to Greece against Sparta, ix. 286 _seq._;
victory of Chares and Artabazus over, xi. 231.
_Tolmidês_, voyage of, round Peloponnesus, v. 333;
defeat and death of, v. 348.
_Tomi_, legendary origin of the name, i. 238 _n._ 3, xii. 473.
_Topographical_ impossibilities in the legend of Troy no obstacles to
its reception, i. 332;
criticisms inapplicable to the legend of Troy, i. 333.
_Torgium_, victory of Agathokles over Deinokrates at, xii. 447.
_Torônê_, surprise and capture of, by Brasidas, vi. 422;
capture of, by Kleon, vi. 462.
_Torrhêbia_, iii. 223.
_Torture_, use of, to elicit truth, vii. 201 _n._
_Town-occupations_, encouragement to, at Athens, iii. 136.
_Towns_, fortification of, in early Greece, ii. 108 _seq._
_Trades_, Grecian deities of, i. 342.
_Tradition, Greek_, matter of, uncertified, i. 433;
fictitious matter in, does not imply fraud, i. 434.
_Træzen_, removal of Athenians to, on Xerxes’s approach, v. 108.
_Tragedies_, lost, of Promêtheus, i. 78 _n._ 2.
_Tragedy_, Athenian, growth of, viii. 318;
Athenian, abundant production of, viii. 319;
Athenians, effect of, on the public mind, viii. 321;
Grecian, ethical sentiment in, viii. 336.
_Trapezus_, legendary origin of, i. 175;
date of the foundation of, iii. 252 _n._ 2;
the Ten Thousand at, xi. 111, 120 _seq._;
departure of the Ten Thousand from, ix. 127.
_Trench_ of Artaxerxes from the Euphrates to the wall of Media, ix. 40,
42 _n._ 1.
_Triballi_, defeat of Philip by, xi. 462;
victory of Alexander over, xii. 23.
_Tribes_ and demes of Kleisthenês, iv. 132 _seq._
_Tribute_ of the subject-allies of Athens, vi. 5 _n._ 1, 6 _n._ 1.
_Trierarchic_ reform of Demosthenês, xi. 462 _seq._
_Trinakria_, town of, vii. 125.
_Triphylia_, Minyæ in, ii. 27;
and Elis, ii. 442, x. 260, 313.
_Triphylians_, ii. 303.
_Triple_ theology of the pagan world, i. 439;
partition of past time by Varro, i. 488.
_Tripolis_, iii. 268.
_Trireme_, equipment of a, vi. 200 _n._
_Tritantæchmês_, exclamation of, on the Greeks and the Olympic games,
v. 113.
_Tritôn_ and the Argonauts, i. 239.
_Tritônis_, Lake, iv. 35 _n._ 1;
prophecies about, iv. 39.
_Trittyes_, iii. 52, 67 _n._
_Trôad_, the, i. 334.
_Trôas Alexandreia_, i. 328.
_Trôas historical_, and the Teukrians, i. 334.
_Trojan war_, Thucydidês’s version of, i. 405 _seq._;
the date of, ii. 38, 54.
_Trojans_, allies of, i. 293;
new allies of, i. 298;
and Phrygians, i. 335.
_Trophonius_ and Agamêdês, i. 130.
_Trôs_, i. 285.
_Troy_, legend of, i. 284-340.
_Tunês_, capture of, by Agathokles, xii. 414;
mutiny in the army of Agathokles at, xii. 426;
Archagathus blocked up by the Carthaginians at, xii. 439, 442;
the Carthaginians over Agathokles near, xii. 442;
nocturnal panic in the Carthaginian camp near, xii. 442;
Agathokles deserts his army at, and they capitulate, xii. 443, 444.
_Turpin_, chronicle of, i. 475.
_Tychê_, near Syracuse, vii. 245.
_Tydeus_, i. 152, 271.
_Tyndareus_, and Lêda, i. 168 _seq._
_Tyndarion_, vii. 121.
_Tyndaris_, foundation of, xi. 4.
_Types_, manifold, of the Homeric gods, i. 349.
_Typhaôn_ and Echidna, offspring of, i. 7.
_Typhôeus_, i. 9.
_Tyre_, iii. 266 _seq._;
siege and subjugation of, by Nebuchadnezzar, iii. 332;
and Carthage, amicable relations between, iii. 348;
siege and capture of, by Alexander, xii. 132 _seq._
_Tyrô_, different accounts of, i. 107.
_Tyrrhenians_, O. Müller’s view of the origin of, iii. 180.
_Tyrtæus_ and the first Messenian war, ii. 422, 424, 427;
efficiency of, in the second Messenian war, ii. 431 _seq._;
poetry of, iv. 82;
age and metres of, iv. 78.
U.
_Uranos_, i. 4, 5.
_Usury_ and the Jewish law, iii. 111 _n._
_Utica_, iii. 271;
capture of, by Agathokles, xii. 437.
_Uxii_, conquest of, by Alexander, xii. 170.
V.
_Varro’s_ triple division of pagan theology, i. 439;
his triple partition of past time, i. 488.
_Veneti_, the, i. 319.
_Villagers_ regarded as inferiors by Hellens, ii. 259, 263.
_Villages_ numerous in early Greece, ii. 261.
_Volsunga Saga_, i. 479.
W.
_War_, the first sacred, iv. 62 _seq._, v. 346;
the social, xi. 220, 231;
the second sacred, xi. 241 _seq._, 374, 421 _seq._;
the third sacred. xi. 468.
_Wise men_ of Greece, seven, iv. 94 _seq._
_Wolf’s_ Prolegomena to Homer, ii. 142;
his theory on the composition of the Iliad and Odyssey,
ii. 150 _seq._
_Women_, Solon’s laws respecting, iii. 140.
_Wooden horse_ of Troy, the, i. 303, 309.
_“Works and Days”_, races of men in, i. 64 _seq._;
differs from the Theogony and Homer, i. 66;
mingled ethical and mythical sentiment in, i. 67 _seq._;
the earliest didactic poem, i. 69;
personal feeling pervading, i. 71;
probable age of, i. 72;
legend of Pandôra in, i. 76;
general feeling of the poet in, i. 77;
on women, i. 77.
_Writing_, unknown to Homeric and Hesiodic Greeks, ii. 116;
few traces of, long after the Homeric age, ii. 142;
among the Greeks, iv. 97.
X.
_Xanthippus_ and Miltiadês, iv. 357, 365.
_Xanthippus son of Periklês_, vi. 100.
_Xenarês_ and Kleobulus, the anti-Athenian ephors, vii. 24 _seq._
_Xenias_ and Pasion, desertion of Cyrus by, ix. 28.
_Xenodokus_, xii. 425, 439, 441.
_Xenokrates_, embassy of, to Antipater, xii. 323, 324, 332.
_Xenophanes_, his condemnation of ancient legends, i. 397;
Thalês, and Pythagoras, i. 367 _seq._;
his treatment of ancient mythes, i. 418;
philosophy and school of, iv. 387 _seq._
_Xenophôn_, his treatment of ancient mythes, i. 410;
on Spartan women, ii. 388, 389 _n._ 1;
his Cyropædia, iii. 229 _n._ 2; iv. 183;
his version of Cyrus’s capture of Babylon, iv. 213 _n._;
on the dikasteries, vi. 42, 46 _n._ 2;
and Plato, evidence of, about Sokratês, viii. 409 _seq._, 448 _n._ 3;
the preceptorial and positive exhortation of Sokrates exhibited by,
viii. 450;
remarks of, on the accusation against Sokrates, viii. 473;
on the condemnation of Sokrates, viii. 482;
and his joining of the Cyreian army, ix. 12;
length of the parasang in, ix. 14 _n._ 3;
dream of, after the seizure of the generals, ix. 77;
address of, to the captains of the Ten Thousand, after the seizure of
the generals, ix. 78;
chosen a general of the Ten Thousand, ix. 80;
first speech of, to the Ten Thousand, after being chosen a general,
ix. 81 _seq._;
great ascendancy acquired by, over the Ten Thousand, ix. 83 _seq._;
and Cheirisophus, ix. 92, 96, 106, 107;
prowess of, against the Persians, ix. 92 _seq._;
in the mountains of the Karduchians, ix. 95 _seq._;
at the Kentritês, ix. 100 _seq._;
propositions of, to the Ten Thousand at Trapezus, ix. 125;
his idea of founding a new city on the Euxine, ix. 132 _seq._;
charges against, and speeches of, at Kotyôra, ix. 139 _seq._;
offered the sole command of the Ten Thousand, ix. 195;
at Herakleia and Kalpê, ix. 146 _seq._;
and Kleander, ix. 153, 155;
at Byzantium, ix. 154;
and Anaxibius, ix. 164, 165 _seq._;
takes leave of the Ten Thousand, ix. 164;
rejoins the Ten Thousand, ix. 165;
and Aristarchus, ix. 166;
and Seuthes, ix. 154, 167 _seq._;
his poverty and sacrifice to Zeus Meilichios, ix. 171 _seq._;
at Pergamus in Mysia, ix. 172 _seq._;
takes his second farewell of the Ten Thousand, ix. 174;
and the Cyreian army under the Lacedæmonians, ix. 174, 208, 314, 317;
banishment of, by the Athenians, ix. 174, 175 _n._ 3;
at Skillus, ix. 176 _seq._;
later life of, ix. 177;
and Deinarchus, ix. 178 _n._ 3;
on the conduct of Sparta between B. C. 387-379, x. 77;
partiality of, to Sparta in his Hellenica, x. 230 _n._;
on the results of the battle of Mantinea, x. 350.
_Xerxes_, chosen as successor to Darius, v. 2;
instigated to the invasion of Greece, v. 3;
resolves to invade Greece, v. 4;
deliberation and dreams of, respecting the invasion of Greece,
v. 6 _seq._;
vast preparations of, for the invasion of Greece, v. 13 _seq._;
march of, to Sardis, and collection of his forces there, v. 14;
throws two bridges across the Hellespont, v. 15;
wrath of, on the destruction of his bridges across the Hellespont,
v. 16;
punishment of the Hellespont by, v. 16 _seq._;
second bridges of, over the Hellespont, v. 18 _seq._;
ship-canal of, across the isthmus of Mount Athos, v. 22 _seq._;
bridges of, across the Strymôn, v. 25;
demands of, sent to Greece before his invasion, v. 25, 56;
and the mare which brought forth a hare, v. 25 _n._;
march of, from Sardis, v. 25;
and Pythius, the Phrygian, v. 27;
march of, to Abydos, v. 28;
respect shown to Ilium by, v. 29;
crossing of the Hellespont by, v. 29 _seq._;
march of, to Doriskus, v. 31;
review and muster of the forces of, at Doriskus, v. 31, 40;
numbering of the army of, at Doriskus, v. 33;
number of the army of, v. 33 _seq._;
conversations of, with Demaratus, v. 40, 86, 96;
march of, from Doriskus along Thrace, v. 41 _seq._;
crosses the Strymôn and marches to Akanthus, v. 43;
march of, to Therma, v. 44;
favorable prospects of, on reaching the boundary of Hellas, v. 44;
preparations of, known beforehand in Greece, v. 56;
heralds of, obtain submission from many Grecian cities, v. 57;
alarm and mistrust in Greece on the invasion of, v. 59;
unwillingness or inability of northern Greeks to resist, v. 64;
inability of Gelon to join in resisting the invasion of, v. 67;
the Thessalians and the invasion of, v. 67;
Grecian army sent to defend Tempê against, v. 68;
abandonment of the defence of Tempê against, v. 69 _seq._;
submission of northern Greeks to, after the retreat from Tempê,
v. 69;
engagement of confederate Greeks against, such as joined, v. 70;
first encounter of the fleet of, with that of the Greeks, v. 79;
movements of, from Therma to Thermopylæ, v. 82;
movements of the fleet of, from Therma to Thermopylæ, v. 82 _n._ 3;
destruction of the fleet of, by storm at Magnesia, v. 84 _seq._;
delay of, with his land force near Trachis, v. 86 _seq._;
impressions of, about the defenders at Thermopylæ, v. 87;
at Thermopylæ, doubts about the motives ascribed by Herodotus to,
v. 87;
the mountain-path avoiding Thermopylæ revealed to, v. 88;
impressions of, after the combat with Leonidas, v. 95;
Demaratus’s advice to, after the death of Leonidas, v. 96;
manœuvres ascribed to, respecting the dead at Thermopylæ, v. 103;
losses of, repaired after the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 105;
abandonment of Attica on the approach of, v. 107 _seq._;
occupation of Attica and Athens by, v. 111;
conversation of, with Arcadians, on the Olympic games, v. 113;
detachment of, against Delphi, v. 114;
capture of the Acropolis at Athens by, v. 116 _seq._;
number of the fleet of, at Salamis, v. 118 _n._ 3;
reviews his fleet at Phalêrum, and calls a council of war, v. 119;
resolution of, to fight at Salamis, v. 119;
Themistoklês’s message to, before the battle of Salamis, v. 127;
surrounds the Greeks at Salamis, v. 128 _seq._;
and the fleets at Salamis, position of, v. 131;
story of three nephews of, at Salamis, v. 132 _n._;
fears of, after the battle of Salamis, v. 138;
resolves to go back to Asia after the battle of Salamis,
v. 139 _seq._;
sends his fleet to Asia after the battle of Salamis, v. 139;
Mardonius’s proposal to, after the battle of Salamis, v. 140;
Themistoklês’s message to, after the battle of Salamis, v. 141;
retreating march of, to the Hellespont, v. 142 _seq._;
and Artayktês, v. 202;
causes of the repulse of, from Greece, v. 240;
comparison between the invasion of, and that of Alexander, v. 241;
death of, ix. 2.
_Xuthus_, i. 99 _seq._, 103;
and Kreüsa, i. 204.
Z.
_Zab, the Great_, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 69 _seq._;
crossed by the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 88.
_Zagreus_, i. 18, 19 _n._
_Zakynthus_, iii. 410;
Timotheus at, x. 141;
forces of Dion mustered at, xi. 84, 87;
Dion’s voyage from, to Herakleia, xi. 88.
_Zaleukus_, iii. 382.
_Zalmoxis_, i. 448.
_Zanklê_, iii. 365;
fate of, v. 211 _seq._
_Zariaspa_, Alexander at, xii. 206.
_Zêlos_, i. 8.
_Zeno of Elea_, viii. 341, 344, 345.
_Zephyrus_, i. 6.
_Zêtês_ and Kalais, i. 199.
_Zethus_ and Amphiôn, Homeric legend of, i. 257, 263 _seq._
_Zeugitæ_, iii. 118;
Boeckh’s opinion on the pecuniary qualification of, iii. 119 _n._
_Zeus_, i. 3, 7, 8 _seq._, 12;
Homeric, i. 13;
account of, in the Orphic Theogony, i. 18;
mythical character, names, and functions, i. 61 _seq._;
origin of the numerous mythes of, i. 62;
and Promêtheus, i. 63, 75;
and Danaê, i. 90;
and Alkmênê, i. 93;
and Ægina, i. 184;
and Eurôpa, i. 257;
and Ganymêdês, i. 285;
in the fourth book of the Iliad different from Zeus in the first and
eighth, ii. 190;
fluctuation of Greek opinion on the supremacy of, iv. 196 _n._
_Zeus Ammon_, Alexander’s visit to the oracle of, xii. 147.
_Zeus Laphystios_, i. 127.
_Zeus Lykæus_, i. 174.
_Zeus Meilichios_, Xenophon’s sacrifice to, ix. 171 _seq._
_Zopyrus_, iv. 231.