Which treats of the reason why the city of Guamanga was founded, its
provinces having been at first partly under the jurisdiction of Cuzco,
and partly under that of the City of the Kings.
After the war at Cuzco between the Indians and the Spaniards, the King
Manco Ynca, seeing that he could not recover the city of Cuzco,
determined to retire into the provinces of Viticos, which are in the
most retired part of these regions, beyond the great Cordillera of the
Andes; after having first led the captain Rodrigo Orgoñez a long chase,
who liberated Ruy Diaz, a captain whom the Ynca had had in his power for
some days. When it was known that Manco Ynca entertained this intention,
many of the _Orejones_ of Cuzco (the nobility of that city) wished to
follow him. Having reached Viticos with a great quantity of treasure,
collected from various parts, together with his women and retinue, the
King Manco Ynca established himself in the strongest place he could
find, whence he sallied forth many times, and in many directions, to
disturb those parts which were quiet, and to do what harm he could to
the Spaniards, whom he considered as cruel enemies. They had, indeed,
seized his inheritance, forcing him to leave his native land, and to
live in banishment. These and other things were published by Manco Ynca
and his followers, in the places to which they came for the purpose of
robbing and doing mischief. As in these provinces no Spanish city had
been built; the natives were given in _encomienda_, some to citizens of
Cuzco; and others to those of the City of the Kings. Thus the Indians of
Manco Ynca were able to do much harm to the Spaniards and to the
friendly Indians, killing and robbing many of them.
These things rose to such a height that the Marquis Don Francisco
Pizarro sent captains against Manco Ynca. The factor Yllan Suarez de
Carbajal,[424] by order of the Marquis, set out from Cuzco and sent the
captain Villa-diego to reconnoitre with a force of Spaniards, for there
was news that the Ynca was not far distant from the place where he was
encamped. Notwithstanding that they were without horses (which is the
most important arm against these Indians), they pressed on because they
were confident in their strength, and desired to enjoy the spoils of the
Ynca, thinking that he had his women and treasure with him. They reached
the summit of a mountain, fatigued and exhausted, when the Ynca, with
little more than eighty Indians, attacked the Christians, who numbered
twenty-eight or thirty, and killed the captain Villa-diego, and all his
men, except two or three, who escaped with the aid of the friendly
Indians. These fugitives presented themselves to the factor, who deeply
felt the misfortune. When the Marquis Don Francisco Pizarro heard it, he
hastily set out from the city of Cuzco with a body of men, who had
orders to pursue Manco Ynca. But this attempt also failed, for the Ynca
retreated to his settlement at Viticos, with the heads of the
Christians.[425] Afterwards the captain Gonzalo Pizarro undertook the
pursuit of the Ynca, and occupied some of his passes and bridges. At
last, as the evils done by the Indians had been great, the governor Don
Francisco Pizarro, with the assent of the royal officers who were with
him, determined to form a settlement between Cuzco and Lima (which is
the City of the Kings), so as to make the road secure for travellers.
This city was called “San Juan de la Frontera,” until the licentiate
Christoval Vaca de Castro, Pizarro’s successor in the government of the
country, called it “De la Victoria,” after the victory which he gained
over the men of Chile, on the heights of Chupas.[426] All the villages
and provinces from the Andes to the South Sea were under the
jurisdiction either of the city of Cuzco or of that of the Kings, and
the Indians were granted in _encomienda_ to the citizens of one or other
of these cities. When, therefore, the governor Don Francisco Pizarro
determined to build this new city, he ordered that some citizens from
each of the two cities should come to live in it, so that they might not
lose their claim to the _encomienda_ of the Indians in that part. The
province of Xauxa then became the limit of Lima, and Andahuaylas that of
Cuzco. The new city was founded in the following manner.