copyright in foreign states, 193
copyright in works first produced in foreign states, 193
signatories of the Berne Convention, 194
what foreign works are entitled to protection, 195
when a work is deemed to be first produced, 195
work must be entitled to protection both in this country and in the
country of origin, 196
unpublished works, 196
posthumous works, 197
authorised translations, 197
choregraphic works, 197
works produced in foreign countries before December 6, 1889, 197
formalities required in case of foreign works, 198
who are entitled to sue in respect of foreign works, 200
evidence of title to copyright in foreign work, 200
protection afforded to foreign works, 200
importation of copies printed in country of origin, 201
courts will not inquire into foreign remedies, 201
works published before December 6, 1887, 202
translating right, 203
articles in newspapers and periodicals, 204
photographic works, 204
performing rights, 204
extract and quotation, 205
adaptation and arrangement, 205
Interrogatories, 94
Intestacy, copyright passes on, 83, =275=
Italy: _see_ International Copyright--
signatory of Berne Convention, 194
proclaimed under Chace Act, =249=
JAPAN: _see_ International Copyright--
signatory of Berne Convention, 194
Johnson's "Prince of Abyssinia," 115
Joint owners, =270=--
authors, 57, 64
assignees, 79
Jurist Reports, 28
Jury, trial before, 94
LABELS, not protected, 168, =242, 246=
Law Reports--
copyright in, 28, =240=
copyright formerly claimed by Crown, 59
Lectures, copyright in, 57--
common law rights in, 222
Letters, copyright in, 14, =243=--
common law rights in, 225
literary property in writer, 225
rights of receiver, 225
may be published to vindicate character, 226
Letter-file not protected as a book, =242=
Libel--
libellous works not protected, 46, 152, 163, 174
agreement to indemnify against action for, 229
Libraries: _see_ British Museum--
delivery of copies to, 55
Library of Congress--
provisions as to copyright records, =264=
works may be imported for use of, =295=
Licence--
whether licensee can sue, 82, 177, =274=
distinguished from assignment, 81
not to be presumed a sole licence, 82
whether licensor can sue without licence, 82
licence must be in writing, 83, 118, 159, 166
as a defence to infringement, 118, 159, 166, 184
Licensing statute, 4
Licensing Canadian Fisher Act, 188
Limitation of Action--
books, 91
engravings, 156
sculpture, 165
paintings, drawings, and photographs, 181
in the United States, =292=
Literary Property: _see_ Book, Author, Assignment, Infringement,
Duration of Copyright, International Copyright, Lectures, Letters,
Owner of Copyright, Performing Rights, Periodical Works,
Registration, Remedies, Common Law Rights, United States
Literary matter required in book, 13
Literary merit: _see_ Merit
Living pictures, 182
Long Parliament, 4
Luxembourg: _see_ International Copyright--
signatory of Berne Convention, 194
MALICIOUS criticism, 213
Manuscript: _see_ Unpublished Work--
ownership of and right to publish, 74
book in manuscript would probably be protected, 12, 38
Map, copyright in, 14, 236--
whether protected under Engraving Acts, 148
Mark Twain, 297
Master and servant--
master entitled to prevent servant using material acquired in his
employment, 215
master's right to work of servant, 73
Mathematical calculations, 23
Mechanical instruments, no copyright in, 14, =242=--
not infringements of copyright, 97, =276=
Meeson and Welsby's Reports, 28
Merit, no literary merit required for book to obtain protection, 13,
16--
secus in the United States, =237=
Mexico proclaimed under Chace Act, =249=
Millais--
"The Huguenot," 157
"Ordered on Foreign Service," 173
"My First Sermon," 173
Monaco: _see_ International Copyright--
signatory of Berne Convention, 194
Music: _see_ Performing Rights--
copyright in, 36, 231
opera score infringed by dance music, 113
adaptations of music entitled to copyright, 130, =241=
Mutilation, author may prevent, 213, =297=
NAME--
assignee of copyright may publish under author's name, =297=
Napoleon III. Cartoons in _Punch_, 110
New editions--
new material in, is protected, 26, =242=
slight corrections and verbal alterations, 27
registration of, 51
duration of copyright in, 57
passing off non-copyright edition for copyright one, =298=
Newspaper: _see_ Periodical--
protected as a book, 11
must be registered, 48
Norway: _see_ International Copyright--
signatory of Berne Convention, 194
Notes to non-copyright work protected, 26, =241=
Notice of objections, 92
Notice reserving performing rights in music, 131
Notice of copyright in United States, =255=
Novelty, not necessary in book, 15, 16
ORIGINALITY, what is an essential element of book, 15
Owner of copyright, who is--
certificate of registration _primâ facie_ proof of ownership, 53
Books--
the Crown, 59
the universities, 61
the author, 62, 269
the employer, 66, =271=
the assignee, 74, =272=
the licensee, 82
engravings, 152
sculpture, 164
paintings, drawings, and photographs, 174
in the United States, =269=
PAINTINGS, drawings, and photographs--
copyright in, 167, =236=, =246=
what is an original work of art, 167
what artistic element required, 168
first publication if outside British dominion, destroys copyright,
168
what is publication of work of art, 169
artist must be British or resident within British dominions, 170
registration, 171--
what must be registered, 171
must be before infringement, 171
assignee must be registered, 172
short description of nature and subject of work required, 173
immoral works, 174
duration of protection, 174
sale without reserving copyright, 174
owner of the copyright, 174--
the author, 174
the employer, 175
the assignee, 176
partial assignment, 176
whether licensee can sue, 176
infringement, 177--
prohibited acts and remedies, 177
causing or procuring infringement, 187
innocent agent, 179
unlawful copy, 179
separate offence, 179
no minimum penalty, 180
copying for private use, 180
on breach of contract, 180
affixing false name or initials, 180
fraudulently representing false authorship, 180
limitation of action, 181
photograph of picture sufficient evidence of, 181
what is piratical copy, 181--
no monopoly of subject-matter, 181
general idea may be taken, 182
material part, 183
indirect taking, 184
guilty knowledge, 184
replicas, 184
licence a defence, 184
"Paradise Lost," with notes, 26
Parliamentary papers, 60
Part of a book entitled to copyright, 12
Particulars, 94
Partners--
firm name of publishers may be entered in register, 52
Passing off: _see_ Common Law Rights--
by similar title, 204, =296=
by similar binding, =298=
of non-copyright edition for a copyright one, =298=
Patents, specification of, 21
Pattern sleeve, no copyright in, 14, 32, =242=
Payment--
of author essential under section 18, 71
Penalties: _see_ Remedies
Performance, no infringement of copyright, 120
Performing rights--
nature of, 120
performing right at common law, 121
history of protection of performing rights, 122
what is a dramatic work, 123
what dramatic works are protected, 126
duration of performing rights, 126
if first published or performed outside the British dominions, 128
what is a musical composition, 130
what musical works are protected, 130
notice reserving musical performing rights, 131
registration of performing rights, 131
assignment of performing rights: _see_ Assignment
Infringement of dramatic performing rights, 135, =286=
Infringement of musical performing rights, 142, =287=
remedies for infringement of performing rights, 144
Periodical works--
proprietor's copyright in, 66
author's separate rights to contributions, 72
duration of protection, 57
first number only need be registered, 51
articles may be copied from foreign periodicals, 204
Perpetual copyright--
question of, 5
in the universities, 61
Persons liable for infringement of copyright--
books, 85
performing rights, 139, 142, 143
engravings, 156
sculpture, 165
paintings, drawings, and photographs, 178
United States copyright, =291=
Photographs: _see_ Paintings, Drawings, and Photographs--
who is author of, 174
who is owner of copyright in portrait, 175
foreign photographs, 204
protection in the United States, =236=, =245=
Pianola, perforated scroll for: _see_ Mechanical Instruments
Piracy: _see_ Infringement--
whether piratical book entitled to copyright, 46
Playwright: _see_ Performing Rights
Pleading, 92, =293=
Portugal proclaimed under Chace Act, =249=
Posthumous works, 57, 197
Prayer Book, 59
Preamble of Literary Copyright Act, 14
Precedents, 23
Printers' agreements, 230
lien for printing charges, 230
omission to print name and address on book, 230
no payment before completion of order, 230
printer does not insure manuscript, 230
universal works, 231
Prints: _see_ Engravings
Profane works not protected, 46, 152, 163, 174
Proprietor of collective work: _see_ Periodical Works
Public Authorities Protection Act, 92, 144
Public documents--
selection from, constitutes a copyright work, 21
no copyright in mere transcript of, 21
Publication--
Books--
divests the common law right, 36
divestitive publication, 37
performance of music or drama, 37
delivery of lectures, 37
book privately distributed, 37
book issued to subscribers, 37
music hall programme, 38
public exhibition of book, 38
invests the statutory copyright, 38
investitive publication, 38
whether book must be printed, 38
whether distribution of copies necessary, 39
deposit of copy in British Museum, 39
proof of publication, 39
book must be first published within British dominions, 40
may be written anywhere, 41
whether it must be printed within British dominions, 40
previous performance abroad of dramatic or musical work, 41
notice of objection as to, 92
engravings, 150
sculpture, 162
paintings, drawings, and photographs, 169
time of first publication must be registered to the day, 51
United States, =260=
name must be entered on register, 49
liable for non-delivery to libraries, 55
Publishers' agreements, 227--
not assignable unless so expressed, 227
terminated by death, 227
specific performance, 227
agreement not to publish elsewhere, 228
agreements not to write or publish similar works, 228
price and embellishments, 229
copyright, owner of, should be stated, 229
libel, agreement to indemnify against action for, 229
writing, when required, 230
stamp, when required, 230
Purpose for which literary matter composed immaterial, 12
QUOTATIONS: _see_ Extracts
RECTIFICATION of register, 54
Registration: _see_ Paintings, Drawings, and Photographs--
of books--
must be entered before action, 46
not necessary in action on performing right, 47
need not be before infringement, 47
cannot be effected before publication, 47
newspaper must be registered, 48
failure to register under Newspaper Libel Act does not affect
copyright, 48
requisite entry, 49
fee for registration, 49
inspection of register, 49
actual title must be registered, 49
whether copyright must be distinguished from non-copyright matter,
50
immaterial that some copies are published under different title
from title registered, 50
time of first publication must be entered to the day, 51
periodical, date of first number only, 51
action against proprietor for publishing separately requires no
registration, 52
first publisher must be entered, 52
place of abode, 52, 53
proprietor at time of registration must be entered, 52
plaintiff must appear on the register, 53
registration of mesne assignments, 53
neglect of officials at Stationers' Hall, 53
superfluous matter on register immaterial, 53
certificate of registration, 53
registration _primâ facie_ proof, 53
false entries, 54
rectification of register, 54
notice of objection as to, 92
Remedies--
for infringement of books, 84, =287=--
damages, 86, =290=
account of profits, 86, =289=
injunction, 86, =291=
delivery up of copies, =89=, =290=
seizure under Customs Act, 91
importing or selling foreign copies, 81, 91
limitation of action, 91, =292=
pleading, 92, =293=
for infringement of performing rights, 144, =289=--
of engravings, 155, =288=
of sculpture, 164, =288=
of paintings, drawings, and photographs, 177, =288=
Reports: copyright in--
law reports, 28, =240=
head notes, 28, 111
verbatim reports of speeches, 29
verbatim reports of judgments, 31
reports laid before Parliament, 60
Reputation, author may protect his, 213, =297=
Road-books, 16
Rosebery, Lord; reports of speeches in _Times_, 29
SCULPTURE--
copyright in, 161, =236=
what is an original sculpture, 161
must be first published within British dominions, 162
what is publication of, 162
whether author must be British, 162
proprietor's name and date on each copy, 162
immoral works, 163
duration of protection, 163
owner of copyright, 164--
artist, 164
employer, 164
assignee, 164
infringement of copyright, 164
prohibited acts and remedies, 164
guilty knowledge, 165
limitation of action, 165
copying for private use, 165
what is a piratical copy, 165
copying design in other form of art, 165
licence a defence, 166
Seditious works not entitled to protection, 46, 152, 163, 174
Selections: _see_ Extracts
Separately published, meaning of, 12
Sermons: _see_ Speeches
Sheet of letterpress protected as a book, 11, =242=
Ship on fire, 123
Shorthand--
copyright in reports, 29
shorthand copy is infringement of book, 110
book in shorthand would be protected, 11
Slander of title, 213
Sleeve pattern, not a book, 14
Smith's "Leading Cases," 28, 111
Spain: _see_ International Copyright--
signatory of Berne Convention, 194
proclaimed under Chase Act, =249=
Speeches--
speakers' rights in, 223
copyright in shorthand report of, 30
Stamp--
what stamp required on copyright agreements, 230
Star chamber, 4
Stationers' Hall: _see_ Registration--
origin of company, 3
neglect of officials at Stationers' Hall, 53
Statistics, 20, =237=
Statue: _see_ Sculpture
Statutes: _see_ Acts of Parliament
Suppression of books, provision against, 119
Switzerland: _see_ International Copyright--
signatory of Berne Convention, 194
proclaimed under Chace Act, =249=
Term Reports, 28
Thackeray, extracts from, 112
Time-tables, copyright in, 22
_Times_, reports of Lord Rosebery's speeches, 29
Title: _see_ Common Law Rights; Passing off--
passing off by similar title, 206, =296=
no copyright in title, 208, =244=
slander of title, 213
actual title must be registered, 49
Topographical Dictionary, 24
Translations--
give no exclusive right to translate a non-copyright work, 25
whether an infringement of copyright, 116
translating rights in foreign works, 203
Trial, mode of, 94
Tunis: _see_ International Copyright--
signatory of Berne Convention, =194=
UNITED STATES--
copyright in, =233=
what works protected in, =236=
rights of foreign authors, =247=
formalities which must be observed in, =250=--
delivery of title or description, =250, 251, 253=
delivery of copies or photograph, =250, 253=
books, chromos, lithographs, and photographs must be printed in
United States, =254=
notice of copyright must be printed on each copy, =255=
publication, =260=
Library of Congress, =264=
immoral works, =266=
duration of copyright in, =267=
owner of copyright in--
author, =269=
employer, =271=
state, =272=
assignee, =272=
infringement of copyright--
what is a piratical copy, =276=
prohibited acts and remedies, =287=
Universities, copyright of, 61
Unpublished work: _see_ Common Law Rights
WEBSTER'S Dictionary, =297=
Will, copyright passes by, 83, =275=
Word, no copyright in single, 14, 34
Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO.
Edinburgh & London
FOOTNOTES:
[1] "The Law and History of Copyright in Books," by Augustine Birrell,
1899.
[2] 13 and 14 Car. 2, c. 33.
[3] _Eyre_ v. _Walker_ (1735), 4 Burr., 2325; _Motte_ v. _Falkner_
(1735), 4 Burr., 2326; _Walthoe_ v. _Walker_ (1736), 4 Burr., 2326;
_Tonson_ v. _Walker_ (1752), 4 Burr., 2326.
[4] (1760), 1 W. Black, 301.
[5] _Osborne_ v. _Donaldson_ (1765), 2 Eden, Ch. Cas., 327.
[6] (1769), 4 Burr., 2303.
[7] (1774), 2 Bro. P. C., 129.
[8] (1769). 4 Burr., 2303.
[9] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 15, 2.
[10] _Infra_, Section I.
[11] _Infra_, Section II., p. 36. Foreign works first published in
certain foreign countries are protected subject to the conditions of
the International Copyright Acts, and are dealt with in a separate
chapter. Chapter X., p. 193.
[12] This requisite for protection is extremely doubtful. Probably
there is no restriction as to nationality of the author. See _infra_,
Section III., p. 42.
[13] _Infra_, Section IV., p. 46.
[14] _Infra_, Section V., p. 46.
[15] _Infra_, Section VII., p. 56.
[16] _Clementi_ v. _Golding_ (1809), 2 Camp., 25; _Storace_ v.
_Longman_ (1788), 2 Camp., 26 _n._; _Hime_ v. _Dale_ (1803), 2 Camp.,
27 _n._; _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298.
[17] _Southern_ v. _Bailes_ (1894), 38 Sol. J., 681.
[18] _Cox_ v. _Land and Water_ (1869), L. R. 9 Eq. 324.
[19] _Walter_ v. _Howe_ (1881), 17 Ch. D., 708; and see _Platt_ v.
_Walter_ (1867), 17 L. T., 157.
[20] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425;
_Cate_ v. _Devon_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.
[21] _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1900], 1 Ch., 122.
[22] _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374. Both this case and
_Boosey_ v. _Whight_ are cases of infringement, but they would seem
equally to apply to a question whether a certain scroll or document
would be a "book" entitled to copyright under the Acts.
[23] See Stirling, J., in _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1899], 1 Ch., at p.
842.
[24] See Stirling, J., in _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1899], 1 Ch., at p.
842.
[25] _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298. See p. 38.
[26] (1801), 1 East., 358; and see _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B.
and Ald., 298; _Tonson_ v. _Walker_ (1752), 3 Swanst., 672.
[27] _Black_ v. _Murray_ (1870), 9 M., 341; _Sweet_ v. _Benning_
(1855), 16 C. B., 459.
[28] _Bogue_ v. _Houlston_ (1852), 5 De Gex and Smale, 267.
[29] _Low_ v. _Ward_ (1868), L. R., 6 Eq., 415.
[30] _Leslie_ v. _Young_ [1894], A. C., 335.
[31] Lindley, L. J., in _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 223.
[32] [1894], 3 Ch., 663.
[33] [1900], A. C., 539.
[34] [1900], A. C., p. 548.
[35] (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.
[36] 21 Ch. D., at p. 378.
[37] _Infra_, p. 16.
[38] _Infra_, p. 16.
[39] _Infra_, p. 18.
[40] _Infra_, p. 20.
[41] _Infra_, p. 20.
[42] _Infra_, p. 22.
[43] _Infra_, p. 29.
[44] _Infra_, p. 225.
[45] _Infra_, p. 19.
[46] _Kenrick_ v. _Danube Collieries_ (1891), 39 W. R., 473.
[47] _Hollinrake_ v. _Truswell_ [1894], 3 Ch., 420.
[48] _Chilton_ v. _Progress_ [1895], 2 Ch., 29; _Maxwell_ v. _Hogg_
(1867), L. R., 2 Ch., at p. 318.
[49] _Hollinrake_ v. _Truswell_ [1894], 3 Ch., 420.
[50] _Davis_ v. _Comitti_ (1885), 52 L. T. (N. S.), 539.
[51] _Fourmat_ v. _Pearson_ (1897), 14 T. L. R., 82.
[52] _Infra_, p. 34.
[53] _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.
[54] _Stannard_ v. _Lee_ (1871), L. R., 6 Ch., 346; see _infra_, p.
148.
[55] _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539.
[56] Ibid.
[57] Ibid.
[58] _Wyatt_ v. _Barnard_ (1814), 3 V. and B., 77.
[59] _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 Tamlyn, at p. 299 _n._
[60] _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves., 270.
[61] _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539.
[62] _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539. See Brougham, L., in
_Jefferys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., at p. 965.
[63] _Infra_, p. 26.
[64] _Infra_, p. 25.
[65] _Infra_, p. 25.
[66] _Infra_, p. 24.
[67] _Infra_, p. 23.
[68] _Taylor_ v. _Bayne_ (1776), Mor. Dic., 8308; _Carnan_ v. _Bowles_
(1786), 2 Bro. C. C., 80; _Cary_ v. _Faden_ (1799), 5 Ves., 24; _Cary_
v. _Longman_ (1801), 1 East., 358; _Cary_ v. _Kearsley_ (1802), 4
Esp., 168.
[69] _Carnan_ v. _Bowles_ (1786), 2 Bro. C. C., 80; 1 Cox. Ch. Cas.,
283.
[70] _Taylor_ v. _Bayne_ (1776), Mor. Dic., 8308.
[71] _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697; Page Wood, V. C.,
at p. 701.
[72] _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves., 270; _Longman_ v.
_Winchester_ (1809), 16 Ves., 269; _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R.,
1 Eq., 697; _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34; _Morris_ v.
_Wright_ (1870), L. R., 5 Ch., 279; _Kelly's Directories_ v. _Gavin &
Lloyds_ [1901], 1 Ch., 374; _Garland_ v. _Gemmill_ (1887), 14 S. C. R.
(Canada), 321.
[73] _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves. 270.
[74] _Longman_ v. _Winchester_ (1809), 16 Ves., 269.
[75] _Cornish_ v. _Upton_ (1861), 4 L. T. (N. S.), 862.
[76] _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.
[77] _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.
[78] [1893], 1 Ch., 218.
[79] Bowen, L. J. [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 227.
[80] Lindley, L. J. [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 222; and see _Morris_ v.
_Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.
[81] (1863), H. and M., 603.
[82] (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.
[83] L. R., 14 Eq., at p. 414.
[84] (1875), L. R., 19 Eq., 623.
[85] (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.
[86] (1863), 1 H. and M., 603.
[87] (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.
[88] (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.
[89] (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.
[90] Ibid.
[91] 21 Ch. D., at p. 379; and see _Church_ v. _Linton_ (1894), 25
Ont. Rep., 131.
[92] (1898), 78 L. T. (N. S.), 613.
[93] (1863), 1 H. and M., 603.
[94] (1884), 26 Ch. D., 637.
[95] (1886), 2 T. L. R., 291.
[96] _Walford_ v. _Johnston_, 20 D., 1160.
[97] _Maclean_ v. _Moody_, 20 D., 1154; and see _Kelly's Directories_
v. _Gavin & Lloyds_ [1901], 1 Ch., 374.
[98] _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.
[99] L. R., 3 Eq., at p. 723.
[100] _Wyatt_ v. _Barnard_ (1814), 3 V. and B., 77; _Trade Auxiliary
Co._ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.
[101] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; and see _Hall_ v. _Whittington_ (1892),
15 Vic. L. R., 525.
[102] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.
[103] (1814), 3 V. and B., 77.
[104] (1869), L. R., 9 Eq., 324.
[105] [1894], A. C., 335.
[106] (1829) 1 R. and M., 73; see also _King_ v. _Reed_ (1804), 8
Ves., 223.
[107] (1847), 11 Jur., 344.
[108] (1732), cited 2 Bro. P. C. 138; and Ambl., 694.
[109] (1847), 9 D., 748.
[110] _Southern_ v. _Bailes_ (1894), 38 Sol. J., 681; see _Church_ v.
_Linton_ (1894), 25 Ont. Rep., 131.
[111] See _Longman_ v. _Winchester_ (1809), 16 Ves., at p. 271.
[112] (1821), Jac., 311; and see _Marzials_ v. _Gibbons_ (1874), L.
R., 9 Ch., 518.
[113] (1839), 2 Beav., 6.
[114] (1843), 5 D., 416.
[115] (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.
[116] (1858), 31 L. T. (O. S.), 18; 6 W. R., 352.
[117] _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17
Calc., 951; see _Moffat and Paige_ v. _Gill_ [1902], C. A., April 25.
[118] _Gyles_ v. _Wilcox_ (1740), 2 Alk., 142.
[119] _Wyatt_ v. _Barnard_ (1814), 3 V. and B., 77; _Chatterton_ v.
_Cave_ (1875), 10 C. P., 572; (1878), 3 A. C., 483.
[120] _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_ (1896), 74 L. T., 77; _Hatton_ v. _Kean_
(1859), 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268; _Chatterton_ v. _Cave_ (1875), L. R., 10
C. P., 572; (1878), 3 A. C., 483.
[121] _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1867), 7 B. and S., 869; _Boosey_ v.
_Fairlie_ (1877), 7 Ch. D., 301; (1868), 9 B. and S., 175.
[122] _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182; _Leader_ v.
_Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4.
[123] _Tonson_ v. _Walker_ (1753), 3 Swanst., 672.
[124] (1801), 1 East., 358; and see _Mason_ v. _Murray_ cited, 1 East,
360 (Gray's Poems).
[125] (1852), 1 Drew, 353.
[126] 1 Drew, at p. 365.
[127] (1787), Mor. Dic., 8310.
[128] (1870), 9 M., 341; and see _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy
Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369, at p. 373; _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887),
56 L. T. (N. S.), 418; _Moffat & Paige_ v. _Gill_ [1902], C. A., April
25.
[129] _Thomas_ v. _Turner_ (1886), 33 Ch. D., 292.
[130] (1841), 3 D., 383.
[131] 3 D., at p. 387.
[132] _Carnan_ v. _Bowles_ (1786), 2 Bro. C. C., 80, per L. C., at p.
83.
[133] (1870), 9 M., at p. 352.
[134] (1801), 5 Ves., 709.
[135] (1839), 3 Jur., 217.
[136] (1840), 11 Sim., 51.
[137] (1838), 3 My. and Cr., 711.
[138] (1855), 16 C. B., 459; see _Hodges_ v. _Welsh_ (1840), 2 Ir. Eq.
R., 266.
[139] 16 C. B., Crowder, J., at p. 491.
[140] See _infra_, p. 240.
[141] [1900], A. C., 539.
[142] Ibid.
[143] [1900], A. C., at p. 545.
[144] [1900], A. C., 539.
[145] See p. 15.
[146] See pp. 37, 223.
[147] 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 65.
[148] [1900], A. C., 539.
[149] Ibid.
[150] See _infra_, p. 240.
[151] (1869), 20 L. T. (N. S.), 435.
[152] Such an article as this, a mere scheme or plan for arranging
material, would not be protected under the law of patents; _in re
Cooper_ (1902), 19 Pat. Des. and Trade Mark Cases, 53; _in re Johnson_
(1902), 19 Pat. Des. and Trade Mark Cases, 56.
[153] (1882), 47 L. T. (N. S.), 432.
[154] (1885), 52 L. T. (N. S.), 539.
[155] [1894], 3 Ch., 420; see American Law, p. 242, _infra_, where a
similar article was protected. It has also been protected in Victoria,
_Hanbury_ v. _Dumsday_ (1884), 10 Vic. L. R., Eq., 272.
[156] Lord Herschell, L. C. [1894], 3 Ch., 420, at p. 424.
[157] _Griffin_ v. _Kingston_ (1889), 17 Ont. Rep., 660; see _Church_
v. _Linton_ (1894), 25 Ont. Rep., 131, where some of the dicta in the
above case were disapproved.
[158] [1900], 1 Ch., 122.
[159] _Chilton_ v. _Progress Printing and Publishing Co._ [1895], 2
Ch., 29.
[160] Lindley, L. J. [1895], 2 Ch., at p. 34.
[161] (1852), 5 De Gex and Smale, 267; see _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_
(1807), 1 Camp., 94; _Newton_ v. _Cowie_ (1827), 4 Bing., 234.
[162] See 21 Ch. D., 380.
[163] Parker, V. C., 5 De Gex and Smale, at p. 274.
[164] (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369; and see _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1
Ch., 567; _Marshall_ v. _Petty_ (1900), 17 T. L. R., 501.
[165] At p. 377
[166] (1981), 64 L. T. (N. S.), 452.
[167] (1895), 43 W. R., 266; and see _Guggenheim_ v. _Leng_ (1896), 12
T. L. R., 491.
[168] _Strong_ v. _Worskett_ (1896), 12 T. L. R., 532; _Fisher_ v.
_Folds_ (1834), 1 Jones, Ir. Ex., 12.
[169] (1896), 12 T. L. R., 532.
[170] _Beckford_ v. _Hood_ (1798), 7 T. R., 620.
[171] _Hollinrake_ v. _Truswell_ [1894], 3 Ch., at p. 427.
[172] _Bach_ v. _Longman_ (1777), 2 Camp., 623; _Clementi_ v.
_Golding_ (1809), 2 Camp., 25; _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and
Ald., 298; _D'Almaine_ v. _Boosey_ (1835), 1 Y. and C. Ex., 288;
_Jeffreys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854). 4 H. L. C., 815.
[173] _Coleman_ v. _Wathen_ (1793), 5 T. R., 245; _Macklin_ v.
_Richardson_ (1770), Amb., 694; _D'Almaine_ v. _Boosey_ (1835), 1 Y.
and C. Ex., 288.
[174] _Caird_ v. _Sime_ (1887), 12 A. C., 326; _Abernethy_ v.
_Hutchinson_ (1825), 3 L. J. (O. S.), Ch., 309. See p. 222, _infra_.
[175] _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374.
[176] See _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], H. C., 539.
[177] _Kenrick_ v. _Danube Collieries_ (1891), 39 W. R., 473; _Prince
Albert_ v. _Strange_ (1849), 2 De G. and Sm., 652; _Jefferys_ v.
_Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815; _Exchange Telegraph_ v. _Gregory_
[1896], 1 Q. B., 147; _Exchange Telegraph_ v. _Central News_ [1897], 2
Ch., 48; _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., at p. 2417; _Turner_ v.
_Robinson_ (1860), 10 Ir. Ch. R., 121, 510.
[178] _Blanchett_ v. _Ingram_ (1887), 3 T. L. R., 687.
[179] (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298.
[180] (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267.
[181] _Turner_ v. _Robinson_ (1860), 10 Ir. Ch. R., 121, 510.
[182] _Clementi_ v. _Walker_ (1824), 2 Bar and Cres., 861.
[183] _Routledge_ v. _Low_ (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100; _Jeffreys_
v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815; _Boosey_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 4
Ex., 145; _Chappell_ v. _Purday_ (1845), 14 M. and W., 303; _Cocks_ v.
_Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860.
[184] 49 & 50 Vict. c. 33, sec. 8 (1).
[185] _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860; _Buxton_ v. _James_
(1851), 5 De G. and S., 80.
[186] _Reid_ v. _Maxwell_ (1886), 2 T. L. R., 790.
[187] _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182.
[188] _Buxton_ v. _James_ (1851), 5 De. G. and S., 80; as to author's
nationality or residence, see p. 42.
[189] (1854), 4 H. L. C., at p. 983.
[190] (1824), 2 B. and C., 861, at p. 867.
[191] 7 & 8 Vict. c. 12, sec. 19.
[192] See p. 193.
[193] _Boucicault_ v. _Delafield_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 597;
_Boucicault_ v. _Chatterton_ (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267.
[194] _Boucicault_ v. _Delafield_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 597;
_Boucicault_ v. _Chatterton_ (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267; _Ex p. Dobson_
(1892), 12 N. Z. L. R., 171.
[195] _Boucicault_ v. _Chatterton_ (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267.
[196] (1849), 13 Q. B., 257.
[197] _D'Almaine_ v. _Boosey_ (1835), 1 Y. and C. Ex., 288; see
Willes, J., in _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., at p. 2310;
_Delondre_ v. _Shaw_ (1828), 2 Sim., 240.
[198] (1839), 10 Sim., 329.
[199] _Chappell_ v. _Purday_ (1845), 14 M. and W., 303; _Cocks_ v.
_Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860; _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1849), 13 Q.
B., 257; _Boosey_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 4 Ex., 145; _Ollendorff_ v.
_Black_ (1850), 20 L. T., 165; _Boosey_ v. _Jefferys_ (1851), 6 Ex.,
580; _Buxton_ v. _James_ (1851), 5 De G. and Sm., 80.
[200] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.
[201] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.
[202] (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100.
[203] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.
[204] Ibid.
[205] The Fine Arts Act, 1862, is expressly confined to the works of
authors who are British subjects or resident within the Dominions of
the Crown; 25 & 26 Vict. c. 68.
[206] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.
[207] Ibid.
[208] (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100.
[209] (1868), L. R., 6 Eq., 415.
[210] (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100.
[211] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.
[212] Art. 6, "Report Copyright Commission," 1878, p. lxix.
[213] Scrutton on "Copyright," 3rd ed., p. 121.
[214] Chamier on "Literary Copyright," p. 13.
[215] _Lawrence_ v. _Smith_ (1822), Jac., 471; _Murray_ v. _Benbow_
(1822), Jac., 474 _n._; _Cowan_ v. _Milbourn_ (1867), L. R., 2 Exch.,
230; _Burnett_ v. _Chetwood_ (1720), 2 Mer., 441; see 9 Will. III. c.
35 (1698).
[216] _Stockdale_ v. _Onwhyn_ (1826), 5 B. and Cr., 173; _Dodson_ v.
_Martin_ (1880), 24 Sol. J., 572.
[217] _Hime_ v. _Dale_ (1803), 2 Camp., 27 _n._; _Dr. Priestley's
case_, cited 2 Mer., 437.
[218] _Hime_ v. _Dale_ (1803), 2 Camp., 27 _n._; _Walcot_ v. _Walker_
(1802), 7 Ves., 1.
[219] _Wright_ v. _Tallis_ (1845), 1 C. B., 893; _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_
(1803), 8 Ves., 215; _MacFarlane_ v. _Oak Foundry_ (1883), 10 R., 801;
_Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418; _Ward_ v. _Beeton_
(1874), L. R., 19 Eq., 207; _Metzler_ v. _Wood_ (1878), 8 Ch. D., 606;
_Chappell_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 2 K. and J., 123.
[220] _Wright_ v. _Tallis_ (1845), 1 C. B., 893.
[221] _Cary_ v. _Faden_ (1799), 5 Ves., 24; _Reade_ v. _Conquest_
(1862), 11 C. B. (N. S.), at p. 492.
[222] _Baschet_ v. _London Illustrated_ [1900], 1 Ch., 73; _Hayward_
v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418.
[223] See point suggested, 1 C. B., 902.
[224] _Baschet_ v. _London Illustrated_ [1900], 1 Ch., 73; _Newman_ v.
_Pinto_ (1887), L. T. (N. S.), 31.
[225] _Dodson_ v. _Martin_ (1880), 24 Sol. J., 572.
[226] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 11, 13, 24.
[227] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 24.
[228] _Beckford_ v. _Hood_ (1798), 7 T. R., 620; _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_
(1807), 1 Camp., 94.
[229] _Low_ v. _Routledge_ (1864), L. R., 1 Ch., 42; _Stannard_ v.
_Lee_ (1871), L. R., 6 Ch., 346; _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18
Eq., 444.
[230] _Russell_ v. _Smith_ (1848), 12 Q. B., 217; _Lacy_ v. _Rhys_
(1864), 4 B. and S., 873; _Marsh_ v. _Conquest_ (1864), 17 C. B.
(N. S.), 418; _Clark_ v. _Bishop_ (1872), 25 L. T., 908.
[231] _Goubaud_ v. _Wallace_ (1877), 36 L. T. (N. S.), 704; _Macmillan_
v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.
[232] _Warne_ v. _Lawrence_ (1886), 34 W. R., 452.
[233] (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886.
[234] (1880), 49 L. J. Ch., 412.
[235] _Henderson_ v. _Maxwell_ (1877). 5 Ch. D., 892; _Dicks_ v.
_Yates_ (1881), 18 Ch. D., 76.
[236] _Hogg_ v. _Maxwell_ (1866), L. R., 2 Ch., 307; _Correspondent_
v. _Saunders_ (1865), 11 Jur. (N. S.), 540; _Primrose Press_ v.
_Knowles_ (1886), 2 T. L. R., 404.
[237] _Talbot_ v. _Judges_ (1887), 3 T. L. R., 398; _Schove_ v.
_Schmincké_ (1886), 33 Ch. D., 546.
[238] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.
[239] _Walter_ v. _Howe_ (1881), 18 Ch. D., 708; _Trade Auxiliary_ v.
_Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; _Cate_ v. _Devon_ (1889), 40
Ch. D., 500.
[240] _Cox_ v. _Land and Water_ (1869), L. R., 9 Eq., 324.
[241] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.
[242] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500; see also _Prowett_ v. _Mortimer_ (1856),
2 Jur. (N. S.), 414.
[243] _Chappell_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., 194. See 32 & 33
Vict. c. 24.
[244] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 11.
[245] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 13.
[246] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 19.
[247] (1889), 5 T. L. R., 594.
[248] _Per_ Coleridge, L. C. J., in _Harris_ v. _Smart_ (1889), 5 T. L.
R., 594.
[249] (1887), 57 L. T. (N. S.), 864.
[250] _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B., (N. S.), 182; _Leader_ v.
_Purday_ (1848), 7 C. B., 4; _Chappell_ v. _Sheard_ (1855), 2 K. and
J., 117.
[251] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500
[252] 40 Ch. D., at p. 506.
[253] (1864), 10 L. T. (N. S.), 838.
[254] As to what is publication, see p. 38.
[255] _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1867), L. R., 3 Q. B., 223.
[256] _Mathieson_ v. _Harrod_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 270;
_Collingridge_ v. _Emmott_ (1887), 57 L. T. (N. S.), 864; and see
_Page_ v. _Wisden_ (1869), 20 L. T. (N. S.), 435; _Maxwell_ v. _Hogg_
(1867), L. R., 2 Ch., 307.
[257] _Thomas_ v. _Turner_ (1886), 33 Ch. D., 292.
[258] _Murray_ v. _Bogue_ (1852), 1 Drew, 353; _Hayward_ v. _Lely_
(1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418.
[259] _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.
[260] _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17
Calc., 951.
[261] _Henderson_ v. _Maxwell_ (1876), 4 Ch. D., 163.
[262] _Johnson_ v. _Newnes_ [1894], 3 Ch., 663.
[263] _Mayhew_ v. _Maxwell_ (1860), 1 J. and H., 312.
[264] _Dicks_ v. _Yates_ (1881), 18 Ch. D., 76; _Trade Auxiliary_ v.
_Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., at p. 434.
[265] Bacon, V. C., in _Coote_ v. _Judd_ (1883), 23 Ch. D., 727.
[266] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.
[267] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247; _Rock_ v. _Lazarus_
(1872), L. R., 15 Eq. 104; _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890),
Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.
[268] _Nottage_ v. _Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627; 49 L. T.
(N. S.), 339.
[269] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.
[270] _London Printing_ v. _Cox_ [1891], 3 Ch., 291.
[271] _Petty_ v. _Taylor_ [1897], 1 Ch., 465.
[272] _London Printing_ v. _Cox_ [1891], 3 Ch., _per_ Lindley, L. J.,
at pp. 301 and 302.
[273] _Liverpool General Brokers_ v. _Commercial Press_ [1897], 2 Q.
B., 1; _Morang_ v. _Publishers_ (1900), 32 Ont. Rep., 393.
[274] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.
[275] _Low_ v. _Routledge_ (1864), 33 L. J. Ch., 717; 10 L. T. (N. S.),
838.
[276] _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182.
[277] _Cassell_ v. _Stiff_ (1856), 2 K. and J., 279.
[278] _Fairlie_ v. _Boosey_ (1879), 4 A. C., 711.
[279] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 11; _Hildesheimer & Faulkner_ v. _Dunn_
(1891), 64 L. T. (N.S.), 452.
[280] _Lucas_ v. _Cooke_ (1880), 13 Ch. D., 872.
[281] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 12.
[282] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 14.
[283] _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886; 48 L. J. Ch., 673.
[284] _In re The Young Duchess_ (1891), 8 T. L. R., 41.
[285] _Ex parte Poulton_ (1884), 53 L. J., Q. B., 320; _in re Hall_
(1899), 24 Vict. L. R., 702.
[286] _Ex parte Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., 296; see _in re Martin_
(1884), 10 Vict. L. R., Law., 196.
[287] Blackburn, J., _Graves'_ case, 10 B. and S., at p. 688.
[288] _Ex parte Bastow_ (1854), 14 C. B., 631.
[289] _Ex parte Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., 296; _Chappell_ v.
_Purday_ (1843), 12 M. and W., 303.
[290] _Graves'_ case (1869), 4 Q. B., 715.
[291] _Graves'_ case (1869), 4 Q. B., 715.
[292] _Chappell_ v. _Purday_ (1843), 12 M. and W., 303; _ex parte
Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., at p. 309.
[293] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 10.
[294] Ibid.
[295] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 6.
[296] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 7.
[297] Ibid.
[298] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 8.
[299] (1828), 4 Bing.. 540.
[300] Cf. _Cambridge University_ v. _Bryce_ (1812), 16 East., 317;
_Routledge_ v. _Low_ (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100.
[301] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 3.
[302] Ibid.
[303] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 3, 18.
[304] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 3, 18.
[305] See _supra_, p. 26.
[306] See _Nottage_ v. _Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627.
[307] _Caird_ v. _Sime_ (1887), 12 A. C., 326; _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_
(1884), 26 Ch. D., 374; _Abernethy_ v. _Hutchinson_ (1825), 3 L. J.
Ch., 209.
[308] 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 65, sec. 5.
[309] _Caird_ v. _Sime_ (1887), 12 A. C., 326.
[310] See _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., 2303, and cases there
cited.
[311] _Baskett_ v. _University of Cambridge_ (1758), 2 Burr. 661;
_Baskett_ v. _Cunningham_ (1762), Black. Rep., 370.
[312] See _Grierson_ v. _Jackson_ (1794), Ridg. Ir., T. R., 304;
_Nicol_ v. _Stockdale_ (1785), 3 Swanst., 687.
[313] _Universities_ v. _Richardson_ (1802), 6 Ves., 689; _Manners_ v.
_Blair_ (1828), 3 Bligh (N. S.), 391; _Grierson_ v. _Jackson_ (1794),
Ridg. Ir., T. R., 304.
[314] _Universities_ v. _Richardson_ (1802), 6 Ves., 689; _Eyre_ v.
_Carnan_ (1781), 6 Bac. Abr., 509; _Manners_ v. _Blair_ (1828), 3
Bligh (N. S.), 391.
[315] _Baskett_ v. _Cunningham_ (1762), Black. Rep., 370.
[316] See Appendix.
[317] 15 Geo. III. c. 53; 41 Geo. III. c. 107, extending the privilege
to Dublin; 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 27.
[318] (1774), 2 Bro. P. C., 129.
[319] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 3.
[320] This reservation is made necessary by the decision in _Walter_
v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539, that the author is not necessarily the
composer of the literary matter; see _infra_, p. 65.
[321] (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718; see also _Nottage_ v. _Jackson_
(1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627; _Stannard_ v. _Harrison_ (1871), 24 L. T.
(N. S.), 570.
[322] (1824), 2 L. J. Ch., 90, at p. 102; and see _Maclean_ v. _Moody_
(1858), 20 D., 1154.
[323] (1859), 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268.
[324] 7 C. B. (N. S.), at p. 280.
[325] (1867), 16 L. T. (N. S.), 453.
[326] (1859), 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268.
[327] (1859) 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268. The decision in this case was no
doubt right, but it should have been on the ground that the plaintiff
was the employer or assignee of the defendant and not that he was the
author.
[328] See _Petty_ v. _Taylor_ [1897], 1 Ch., 465; Kekewich, J., at p.
475.
[329] _Shepherd_ v. _Conquest_ (1856), 17 C. B., 427; _Nottage_ v.
_Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627.
[330] (1856), 17 C. B., 427.
[331] On the facts of this case the work of the servant ought to have
become vested in the employer.
[332] (1871), L. R., 6 C. P., 523; and see _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_ (1896),
74 L. T. (N. S.), 77.
[333] (1874), L. R., 9 Ch., 518; and see Bowen, L. J., in _Nottage_ v.
_Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627.
[334] _Powell_ v. _Head_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 686; _Lauri_ v. _Renad_
(1892), 3 Ch., 402.
[335] Ibid.
[336] [1900], A. C., 539.
[337] Ibid.
[338] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 18.
[339] Chitty, J., in _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40
Ch. D., at p. 430.
[340] And in one case it was even doubted whether it applied to
newspapers, _Platt_ v. _Walter_ (1867), 17 L. T. (N. S.), 157.
[341] _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1893], 1 Ch., 218; _Trade Auxiliary_ v.
_Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.
[342] (1856), 17 C. B., 427
[343] _Brown_ v. _Cooke_ (1846), 16 L. J. Ch., 140.
[344] As to whether a written assignment of the copyright from the
author would be necessary in such a case, see _infra_, at p. 74.
[345] (1895), 11 T. L. R., 507.
[346] _Brown_ v. _Cooke_ (1846), 16 L. J. Ch., 140.
[347] (1855), 16 C. B.,459.
[348] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; and see _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Jackson_
(1887), 4 T. L. R., 130.
[349] [1893], 1 Ch., 218; and see _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy
Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.
[350] (1855), 16 C. B., at p. 484.
[351] (1881), 17 Ch. D., 708; and see _Bishop of Hereford_ v.
_Griffin_ (1848), 16 Sim., 190.
[352] [1894], 3 Ch., 663.
[353] And see _Coote_ v. _Judd_ (1883), 23 Ch. D., 727.
[354] [1902], 1 Ch., 264.
[355] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.
[356] Chitty, J., 40 Ch. D., at p. 431.
[357] _Brown_ v. _Cooke_ (1846), 16 L. J. Ch., 140; _Richardson_ v.
_Gilbert_ (1851), 1 Sim. (N. S.), 336; _Collingridge_ v. _Emmott_
(1888), 57 L. T. (N. S.), 864; _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_
(1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Jackson_ (1887), 4 T. L.
R., 130.
[358] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., at p.
430.
[359] See cases cited, p. 79, footnote 4.
[360] See Chitty, J., _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40
Ch. D., at p. 430.
[361] See _Johnson_ v. _Newnes_ [1894], 3 Ch., 663.
[362] _Mayhew_ v. _Maxwell_ (1860), 1 J. and H., 312.
[363] _Smith_ v. _Johnson_ (1863), 4 Giff., 632.
[364] _Mayhew_ v. _Maxwell_ (1860), 1 J. and H., 312.
[365] Ibid.
[366] _Hereford_ v. _Griffin_ (1848), 16 Sim., 190.
[367] (1855), 16 C. B., 459.
[368] (1891), 64 L. T., 452.
[369] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45.
[370] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 15.
[371] See p. 77, _infra_.
[372] (1824), 2 B. and Cr., 861; see _Cary_ v. _Kearsley_ (1802), 4
Esp., 168; _Storace_ v. _Longman_ (1788), 2 Camp., 26 _n._
[373] (1814), 3 M. and S., 7.
[374] (1838), 9 Sim., 151.
[375] (1839), 8 L. J. Ch., 216; see _Hodges_ v. _Welsh_ (1840), 2 Ir.
Eq. R., 266.
[376] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815; see _M'Lean_ v. _Moody_ (1858), 20 D.,
1154; _Jefferys_ v. _Kyle_ (1856), 18 D., 906; _Cocks_ v. _Purday_
(1848), 5 C. B., 860.
[377] 4 H. L. C., at p. 880.
[378] 4 H. L. C., at p. 907.
[379] _Hazlitt_ v. _Templeman_ (1866), 13 L. T. (N. S.), 593; _Grace_
v. _Newman_ (1875), L. R., 19 Eq., 623; _Cox_ v. _Cox_ (1853), 11
Hare, 118.
[380] See _Frowde_ v. _Parish_ (1896), 27 Ont Rep., 526; _Macmillan_
v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.
[381] See p. 128.
[382] See _Shepherd_ v. _Conquest_ (1856), 17 C. B., 427; _Eaton_ v.
_Lake_ (1888), 20 Q. B. D., 378.
[383] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 15; _Leyland_ v. _Stewart_ (1876), 4 Ch.
D., 419; _Power_ v. _Walker_ (1814), 3 M. and S., 7; _Davidson_ v.
_Bohn_ (1848), 6 C. B., 456; _Clementi_ v. _Walker_ (1824), 2 Bar. and
Cres., 861; _Jefferys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815; [See the
judgment of Lord St. Leonards at p. 944; but note also that Coleridge,
J., at p. 906, expressed his disapproval of the reasoning in _Power_
v. _Walker_ and _Davidson_ v. _Bohn_]; _Kyle_ v. _Jefferys_ (1859),
3 Macq., 611, 617, 18 D., 906; _Cumberland_ v. _Copeland_ (1862), 1
H. and C., 194; _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860; see Drone
on "Copyright," pp. 304-316, where the soundness of the case law that
assignment must be in writing is doubted.
[384] _Kyle_ v. _Jefferys_ (1859), 3 Macq., 611; _Jefferys_ v.
_Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.
[385] _Morton_ v. _Copeland_ (1855), 16 C. B., 517.
[386] _Liverpool General Brokers_ v. _Commercial Press_ [1897], 2 Q.
B., 1; see _contra_ opinion of Lord Cockburn in _Wood_ v. _Boosey_
(1867), 7 B. and S., at p. 897; _Morang_ v. _Publishers_ (1900), 32
Ont. Rep., 393.
[387] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 13.
[388] _Stevens_ v. _Wildy_ (1850), 19 L. J. Ch., 190.
[389] Ibid.
[390] _Liverpool General Brokers_ v. _Commercial Press_ [1897], 2 Q.
B., 1.
[391] _Levy_ v. _Rutley_ (1871), L. R., 6 C. P., 523; _Leader_ v.
_Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4; _Colburn_ v. _Duncombe_ (1838), 9 Sim.,
151; _London Printing and Publishing Co_. v. _Cox_ [1891], 3 Ch., 291.
[392] _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4.
[393] _Lacy_ v. _Toole_ (1867), 15 L. T. (N. S.), 512.
[394] _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_ (1895), 74 L. T. (N. S.), 77; _Lover_ v.
_Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182; _Latour_ v. _Bland_ (1818), 2
Stark, 382; _Levy_ v. _Rutley_ (1871), L. R., 6 C. P., 523; _Colburn_
v. _Duncombe_ (1838), 9 Sim., 151; but see _Kyle_ v. _Jefferys_
(1859), 3 Macq., 611, 18 D., 911.
[395] _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567; _Marshall_ v. _Petty_
(1900), 17 T. L. R., 501.
[396] _Morris_ v. _Kelly_ (1820), 1 Jac. and W., 481.
[397] _Dennison_ v. _Ashdown_ (1897), 13 T. L. R., 226.
[398] _Sweet_ v. _Cater_ (1841), 11 Sim., 572; _Sweet_ v. _Shaw_
(1839), 8 L. J. Ch., 216; _Sims_ v. _Marryat_ (1851), 17 Q. B., 281;
_Strahan_ v. _Graham_ (1867), 16 L. T. (N. S.), 87; _Thombleson_ v.
_Black_ (1837), 1 Jur., 198.
[399] _Dupuy_ v. _Dilkes_ (1879), 48 L. J. Ch., 682; _Chappell_ v.
_Purday_ (1843), 12 M. and W., 303.
[400] _Taylor_ v. _Pillow_ (1869), L. R., 7 Eq., 418; _Howitt_ v.
_Hall_ (1862), 6 L. T. (N. S.), 348.
[401] _Sims_ v. _Marryat_ (1851), 17 Q. B., 281; _Queensberry_ v.
_Shebbeare_ (1758), 2 Eden Cha. Cas., 330; Williams' "Law of Personal
Property," 15th edition, p. 523.
[402] _Powell_ v. _Head_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 686.
[403] _Lauri_ v. _Renad_ [1892], 3 Ch., 402.
[404] _Powell_ v. _Head_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 686.
[405] (1854), 4 H. L. C., at p. 940; and see _Cocks_ v. _Purday_
(1848), 5 C. B., 860.
[406] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.
[407] _Taylor_ v. _Neville_ (1878), 26 W. R., 299; _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_
(1895), 74 L. T. (N. S.), 77; see doubt expressed in _Shepherd_ v.
_Conquest_ (1856), 17 C. B., at p. 436.
[408] _Lucas_ v. _Cooke_ (1880), 13 Ch. D., 872.
[409] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 13.
[410] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 434, 435.
[411] _Holt_ v. _Woods_ (1896), 17 N. S. W. R., Eq., 36.
[412] See _ex parte Dobson_ (1892), 12 N. Z. L. R., 171.
[413] See _contra Howitt_ v. _Hall_ (1862), 6 L. T. (N. S.), 348;
_Sweet_ v. _Cater_ (1840), 11 Sim., 572; _Davidson_ v. _Bohn_ (1848),
6 C. B., 458.
[414] _Rippon_ v. _Norton_(1839), 2 Beav., 63.
[415] _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ [1879], 12 Ch. D., 886; _Stevens_ v.
_Bradbury_ [1854], 1 K. and J., 168; _Reade_ v. _Bentley_(1857), 3
K. and J., 271; _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567; _ex parte
Bastow_ [1854], 14 C. B., 631.
[416] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425,
_per_ Cotton, L. J.; _Tuck and Sons_ v. _Canton_ (1882), 51 L. J., Q.
B., 363; _Sweet_ v. _Cater_ (1841), 11 Sim., 572.
[417] _Taylor_ v. _Neville_ (1878), 26 W. R., 299; _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_
(1895), 74 L. T., 77.
[418] (1878), 26 W. R., 297.
[419] _Warne_ v. _Routledge_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 497; see _Sweet_
v. _Cater_ (1841), 11 Sim., 572; _Stevens_ v. _Benning_ (1855), 1 K.
and J., 168.
[420] _Latour_ v. _Bland_ (1818), 2 Stark, 382.
[421] _Willis_ v. _Curtois_ (1838), 1 Beav., 189.
[422] See _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., at p. 392.
[423] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 15 and 2.
[424] See _Butterworth_ v. _Kelly_ (1888), 4 T. L. R., 430; _Leader_
v. _Strange_ (1849), 2 Car. and K., 1010.
[425] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 15 and 23. The remedies given by these
two sections are cumulative, and may be recovered by one action;
_Muddock_ v. _Blackwood_ [1898], 1 Ch., 58.
[426] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 17; 39 and 40 Vict. c. 36, sec. 42.
[427] Ignorance will not excuse in the case of importing, but contra
in the case of selling or hiring, _Cooper_ v. _Whittingham_ (1880), 15
Ch. D., 501.
[428] _Cooper_ v. _Whittingham_ (1880). 15 Ch. D., 501.
[429] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 17; and see 39 & 40 Vict. c. 36, sec. 42.
[430] £5 to the use of the officer of customs, remainder to the use of
the proprietor of copyright.
[431] Ibid.
[432] _Cooper v. Whittingham_ (1880), 15 Ch. D., 501.
[433] [1901], 1 Ch., 374.
[434] Cf. _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543.
[435] [1901], 1 Ch., 374.
[436] _Novella_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177; and see _Beckford_
v. _Hood_ (1798), 7 T. R., 620; _Cambridge University_ v. _Bryer_
(1812), 16 East, at p. 322.
[437] _Muddock_ v. _Blackwood_ [1898], 1 Ch., 58; _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_
(1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251, at pp. 255 and 260.
[438] _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_ (1803), 8 Ves., 215, at p. 223; _Grimson_ v.
_Eyre_ (1804), 9 Ves., 341, at p. 346; _Kelly_ v. _Hooper_ (1841), 1
Y. and C., 197, at p. 199; _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543.
[439] _Delfe_ v. _Delamotte_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 581; but see _Pike_
v. _Nicholas_ (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251.
[440] _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 R. and M., 73; _Price's Patent
Candles_ v. _Bauwen_ (1858), 4 K. and J., 727; _Delondre_ v. _Shaw_
(1828), 2 Sim., 240; _Sweet_ v. _Maughan_ (1840), 11 Sim., 51.
[441] Eldon, L. C., in _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., at p. 400.
[442] _Cooper_ v. _Whittingham_ (1880), 15 Ch. D., 501.
[443] _M'Neill_ v. _Williams_ (1847), 11 Jur., 344; _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_
(1803), 8 Ves., 215.
[444] Hall, V. C., in _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_ (1882),
21 Ch. D., at p. 372.
[445] _Chappell_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 8 De G. M. and G., 1.
[446] _Novella_ v. _James_ (1854), 24 L. J. Ch., 111.
[447] _Southey_ v. _Sherwood_ (1817), 2 Mer., 435; _Platt_ v. _Button_
(1815), 19 Ves., 447; _Saunders_ v. _Smith_ (1838), 3 My. and C., 711;
_Lewis_ v. _Chapman_ (1840), 3 Beav., 133; _Assignees of Robinson_ v.
_Wilkins_ (1805), 8 Ves., 224, n; _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 Russ.
and My., 73; _Rundell_ v. _Murray_ (1821), Jac., 311; and see _Buxton_
v. _James_ (1851), 5 De G. and Sm., 80.
[448] _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.
[449] _Per_ Gifford, V. C., L. R., 7 Eq., at p. 39.
[450] _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 444.
[451] _Per_ Turner, L. J., in _Johnson_ v. _Wyatt_ (1863), 2 De G., J.
and S., at p. 25.
[452] _Lewis_ v. _Fullarton_ (1839), 2 Beav., 6; _Kelly_ v. _Morris_
(1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697; _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., 385.
[453] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708; _Lamb_ v.
_Evans_ [1892], 3 Ch., 462.
[454] [1892], 3 Ch., 462.
[455] _Campbell_ v. _Scott_ (1842), 11 Sim., 31; _Tinsley_ v. _Lacy_
(1863), 1 H. and M., 747.
[456] _Borthwick_ v. _Evening Post_ (1888), 37 Ch. D., 449.
[457] 37 Ch. D., at p. 462.
[458] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.
[459] 40 Ch. D., at p. 507; and see _Trade Auxiliary_ v.
_Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.
[460] _Bradbury_ v. _Sharp_ (1891), W. N., 143.
[461] _Cox_ v. _Land and Water_ (1869), L. R., 9 Eq., 324; _Southern_
v. _Bailes_ (1829), 38 S. J., 681.
[462] _Cox_ v. _Land and Water_ (1869), L. R., 9 Eq., 324; _Baily_ v.
_Taylor_ (1829), 1 R. and M., 73.
[463] _Lewis_ v. _Fullarton_ (1839), 2 Beav., 6, Langdale, M. R., at p.
11.
[464] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 23. To be safe the demand in writing
should be made before the writ is issued.
[465] 8 Anne c. 19, sec. 1; 54 Geo. III. c. 156, sec. 4.
[466] _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543.
[467] _Prince Albert_ v. _Strange_ (1849), 2 De G. and Sm., 652;
_Kelly_ v. _Hodge_(1873), 29 L. T. (N. S.), 387; _Emperor of Austria_
v. _Day_ (1861), 3 D. F. and J., 217.
[468] _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886; but see _Delfe_ v.
_Delamotte_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 581; _Stannard_ v. _Harrison_ (1871),
19 W. R., 811.
[469] _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886; cf. _Colburn_ v.
_Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543.
[470] _Isaacs_ v. _Fiddemann_ (1880), 49 L. J. Ch., 412.
[471] _Rooney_ v. _Kelly_ (1861), 14 Ir. C. L. R., _per_ O'Brien, J.,
at p. 171.
[472] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73.
[473] Ibid.
[474] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., at p. 83.
[475] _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543; _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_(
1879), 12 Ch. D., 886.
[476] 39 & 40 Vict. c. 36, sec. 42.
[477] 39 & 40 Vict. c. 36, sec. 44.
[478] _Brooke_ v. _Milliken_ (1789), 3 T. R., 509.
[479] _Ex parte Beal_ (1868), L. R., 3 Q. B., 387.
[480] _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 444; see _Macmillan_ v.
_Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1850), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.
[481] (1846), 9 D., 1026; and see _Clark_ v. _Bell_ (1804), Mor. Dic.,
Literary Property, App., 9.
[482] (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247, at p. 262.
[483] 56 & 57 Vict. c. 61; _Muddock_ v. _Blackwood_ [1898], 1 Ch., at
p. 64.
[484] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 16; _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch.
D., 886.
[485] _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1846), 4 Dow. and Low, at p. 155.
[486] _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842; _Boosey_ v.
_Purday_ (1846), 10 Jur., 1038; _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1846), 4 D.
and L., 147; _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4; _Barnett_ v.
_Glossop_ (1835), 1 Bing. N. C., 633; 1 Scott's Rep., 621.
[487] _Chappell_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., 194.
[488] _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842.
[489] _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1846), 4 D. and L., 147; _Hole_ v.
_Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886.
[490] Ibid.
[491] _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842.
[492] _Sweet_ v. _Benning_ (1855), 16 C. B., 459; _Cocks_ v. _Purday_
(1848), 5 C. B., 860.
[493] _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418.
[494] _Coote_ v. _Judd_ (1883), 23 Ch. D., 736; _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_
(1879), 12 Ch. D., 886; _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842;
but see _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 6 Dow. and Low, 408.
[495] _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842.
[496] Ibid.
[497] _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418.
[498] _Harris_ v. _Smart_ (1889), W. N., 92, 5 T. L. R. 594.
[499] But see _Sweet_ v. _Maughan_ (1840), 11 Sim., 51.
[500] Eldon, L. C., in _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., at p. 394.
[501] _Hotten_ v. _Arthur_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 603; _Jarrold_ v.
_Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.
[502] Ibid.
[503] _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1849), 13 Q. B., 257.
[504] _Wright_ v. _Goodlake_ (1865), 3 H. and C., 540.
[505] _Kelly_ v. _Wyman_ (1869), 17 W. R. 399; _Stevens_ v. _Brett_
(1864), 10 L. T. (N. S.), 231.
[506] _Coote_ v. _Ingram_ (1887), 35 Ch. D., 117.
[507] _Maxwell_ v. _Somerton_ (1874), 22 W. R., 313.
[508] _Walter_ v. _Steinkopff_ [1892], 3 Ch., 189.
[509] _Wall_ v. _Taylor_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 102.
[510] _Dicks_ v. _Brooks_ (1880), 15 Ch. D., 22.
[511] _Metzler_ v. _Wood_ (1878), 8 Ch. D., 606.
[512] Lord Romilly, M. R., in _Cobbett_ v. _Woodward_ (1872), L. R.,
14 Eq., at p. 414; Hall, V. C., in _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy
Stores_, 21 Ch. D., at p. 373.
[513] _Piddington_ v. _Philip_ (1893), 14 N. S. W. R., Eq., 159.
[514] _Kelly's Directories_ v. _Gavin & Lloyds_ [1901], 1 Ch., 374;
affirmed in the Court of Appeal.
[515] _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_ (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251; _Cobbett_ v.
_Woodward_ (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.
[516] _Liverpool General Brokers_ v. _Commercial Press_ [1897], 2 Q.
B., 1.
[517] _Page_ v. _Wisden_ (1869), 20 L. T., 435.
[518] James, L. J., in _Dicks_ v. _Yates_ (1881), 18 Ch. D., 76.
[519] Jessel, M. R., in _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_, 21
Ch. D., at p. 378.
[520] Lord Ellenborough in _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., at
p. 97.
[521] _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177.
[522] _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298; Lindley, M. R.,
in _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1900], 1 Ch., at p. 123.
[523] _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177.
[524] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73.
[525] See Lindley, M. R., in _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1900], 1 Ch., at p.
123.
[526] _Bach_ v. _Longman_(1777), 2 Cowp., 623; _D'Almaine_ v.
_Boosey_(1835), 1 Y. and C., Ex., 288.
[527] _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ [1884], 26 Ch. D., 374.
[528] _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1900], 1 Ch., 122.
[529] Lord O'Hagan in _Chatterton_ v. _Cave_ (1878), 3 A. C., at p.
498.
[530] (1855), 16 C. B., at p. 481.
[531] (1875), L. R., 10 C. P., at p. 575.
[532] See also _Bohn_ v. _Bogue_ (1846), 10 Jur., 420; _Jarrold_ v.
_Heywood_ (1870), 18 W. R., 279; _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 R. and
M., 73.
[533] (1878). 3 A. C., 483.
[534] (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251.
[535] _Leslie_ v. _Young_ [1894], A. C., at p. 342.
[536] _Cary_ v. _Kearsley_ (1802), 4 Esp., 168; _Lennie_ v. _Pillans_
(1843), 5 D., 416; _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567.
[537] _Per_ Page Wood, V. C., in _Tinsley_ v. _Lacey_ (1863), 1 H. and
M., at p. 752.
[538] _Per_ L. C. Herschell in _Leslie_ v. _Young_ [1894], A. C., at p.
341.
[539] See _Murray_ v. _Bogue_(1852), 1 Drew, at p. 369.
[540] _Per_ Cottenham, L. C., in _Bramwell_ v. _Halcomb_ (1836), 3 My.
and Cr., at p. 738; see _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.
[541] _Bradbury_ v. _Hotten_ (1872), L. R., 8 Ex., 1; see also _Cooper_
v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567.
[542] (1826), 2 Russ., at p. 394.
[543] (1897), 13 T. L. R., 209; and see _Kelly_ v. _Hooper_ (1841), 1
Y. and C. Ch. C., 197; _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567.
[544] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425;
_Cate_ v. _Devon_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.
[545] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425;
_Cate_ v. _Devon_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.
[546] 40 Ch. D., at p. 507.
[547] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.
[548] (1802), 4 Esp., 168.
[549] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.
[550] _Per_ Lord Ellenborough in _Cary_ v. _Kearsley_ (1802), 4 Esp.,
at p. 170.
[551] _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., 97.
[552] _Per_ Shadwell, V. C., in _Campbell_ v. _Scott_ (1842), 11 Sim.,
31; _Clement_ v. _Maddick_ (1859), 1 Giff., 98; _Reade_ v. _Lacy_
(1861), 1 J. and H., 524; _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3
Eq.,718.
[553] (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.
[554] (1802), 4 Esp., 168.
[555] See also _Bohn_ v. _Bogue_ (1846), 10 Jur., 420.
[556] _Per_ Sir W. Page Wood, V. C., in _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867),
L. R., 3 Eq., 718, at p. 723; and see _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L.
R., 1 Eq., 697.
[557] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708; _Reade_ v.
_Lacey_ (1861), 1 J. and H., 524; _Spiers_ v. _Brown_ (1858), 31 L. T.
(O. S.), 18; 6 W. R., 352.
[558] (1847), 9 D., 748.
[559] _Hotten_ v. _Arthur_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 603.
[560] _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177.
[561] _Ager_ v. _The P. & O._ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 637; and see _Oxford
and Cambridge_ v. _Gill_ (1899), 43 S. J., 570.
[562] _Murray_ v. _Bogue_ (1852), 1 Drew, 353.
[563] _Reade_ v. _Lacey_ (1861), 1 J. and H., 524; _Reade_ v.
_Conquest_ (1862), 11 C. B. (N. S.), 479.
[564] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500; _Cooper_ v. _Whittingham_ (1880), 15 Ch.
D., 501.
[565] See Lord Blackburn in _Chatterton_ v. _Cave_, 3 A. C., at p.
501; _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177; _Rock_ v. _Lazarus_
(1872), L. R. 15 Eq., 104; _Lee_ v. _Simpson_ (1847), 3 C. B., 871.
[566] _Maxwell_ v. _Somerton_ (1874), 22 W. R., 313.
[567] _Wyatt_ v. _Barnard_ (1814), 3 V. and B., 77.
[568] [1892], 3 Ch., 489.
[569] [1892], 3 Ch., 489, _per_ North, J., at p. 499.
[570] This summary of "fair use" is taken from Stephen's Digest
"Report of Copyright Commission," 1878, p. lxx.
[571] _Sayre_ v. _Moore_ (1785), 1 East., 361, _n._; _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_
(1803), 8 Ves., 215; _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves., 270;
_Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., 385; _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_ (1869),
L. R., 5 Ch., 251; _Alexander_ v. _Mackenzie_ (1847), 9 D., 748 at
p. 761; _Longman_ v. _Winchester_ (1809), 16 Ves., 269; _Wilkins_ v.
_Aikin_ (1810), 17 Ves., 422; _Weekes_ v. _Williamson_ (1886), 12
Vict., L. R., 483.
[572] Lindley, L. J., _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 224.
[573] _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_ (1803), 8 Ves., 215.
[574] _Per_ Lord Chancellor Erskine in _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_
(1806), 12 Ves., at p. 273.
[575] _Wilson_ v. _Lake_ (1875), 1 Vict. L. R., Eq., 127.
[576] Lindley., L. J., in _Hollinrake_ v. _Truswell_ [1894], 3 Ch., at
p. 427.
[577] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.
[578] _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34; _Lennie_ v.
_Pillans_ (1843), 5 D., 416; _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., 385;
Lindley, L. J., in _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 224.
[579] _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_ (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251, at p. 260.
[580] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.
[581] (1809), 16 Ves., 269; and see _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_
(1806), 1 J. and H., 312; _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 Russ. and
Mylne, 73; _Wilkins_ v. _Aikin_ (1810), 17 Ves., at p. 424.
[582] (1839), 2 Beav., 6., at p. 8.
[583] And see _Garland_ v. _Gemmill_ (1887), 14 S. C. R. (Canada), 321.
[584] _Jarrold v. Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.
[585] 3 K. and J., at p. 715.
[586] 1 H. and M., 603.
[587] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.
[588] See _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 444.
[589] (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.
[590] (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.
[591] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.
[592] (1839), 2 Beav., 6.
[593] See _Garland_ v. _Gemmill_ (1887), 14 S. C. R. (Canada), 321.
[594] _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34, _per_ Giffard,
V. C., at pp. 40, 41.
[595] (1870), L. R., 5 Ch., 279.
[596] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.
[597] (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.
[598] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.
[599] _Per_ Giffard, L. J., L. R., 5 Ch., at p. 285.
[600] (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251.
[601] Hatherley, L. C., L. R., 5 Ch., at p. 263; and see _Longman_ v.
_Winchester_(1809), 16 Ves., at p. 271; _Moffat & Paige_ v. _Gill_
(1902), C. A., April 25.
[602] _Per_ Giffard, L. J., L. R., 5 Ch., at p. 268.
[603] _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 1 J. and H., 312; _Walter_
v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539; _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1
Eq., 697; _Morris_ v. _Wright_ (1870), L. R., 5 Ch., 279; _Batty_ v.
_Taylor_ (1829), 1 Russ. and Mylne, 73.
[604] _Wilkins_ v. _Aikin_ (1810), 17 Ves., 422.
[605] (1872), L. R., 8 Ex., 1.
[606] _Per_ Kelly, C. B., L. R. 8 Ex., 1, at p. 5.
[607] (1872), L. R., 8 Ex., 1.
[608] (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374.
[609] _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., 94; _Murray_ v.
_MacFarquhar_ (1785), M., 8309.
[610] _Sweet_ v. _Shaw_ (1839), 3 Jur., 217.
[611] _Hodges_ v. _Welsh_ (1840), 2 Ir. Eq. Rep., 266.
[612] _Sweet_ v. _Shaw_ (1839), 3 Jur., 217.
[613] (1855), 16 C. B., 459.
[614] (1838), 3 Myl. and Cr., 711.
[615] (1840), 2 Ir. Eq. R., 266.
[616] (1826), 2 Russ., 385, at p. 393; see Lord Kinloch in _Black_ v.
_Murray_ (1870), 9 M., at p. 356.
[617] _Whittingham_ v. _Wooler_ (1817), 2 Swanst, 428; _Wilkins_ v.
_Aikin_ (1810), 17 Ves., 422.
[618] _Bell_ v. _Whitehead_(1839), 8 L. J. Ch., 141.
[619] _Per_ Lord Ellenborough in _Roworth_. v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1
Camp., 94, at p. 97.
[620] (1842), 11 Sim., 31.
[621] (1874), 31 L. T. (N. S.), 775.
[622] (1785), 1 East., 361, _n._
[623] (1802), 4 Esp., 168; and see _Carnan_ v. _Bowles_ (1786), 1 Cox,
Eq. Cas., 283.
[624] (1833), 6 Sim., 297.
[625] (1835), 1 Y. and C. Ex., 288.
[626] _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1868), L. R., 3 Q. B., 223, 9 B. and S., 175.
[627] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73; _Oxford and
Cambridge_ v. _Gill_ (1899), 43, S. J., 570; _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_
(1857), 3 K. and J., 708; _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq.,
697; _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.
[628] _Leslie_ v. _Young_ [1894], A. C., Lord Herschell, at p. 341.
[629] See p. 97, _supra_.
[630] _Tinsley_ v. _Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747; _Murray_ v.
_Elliston_ (1822), 5 B. and Ald., 657; _Reade_ v. _Conquest_ (1861), 9
C. B. (N. S.), 755; _Toole_ v. _Young_ (1874), L. R., 9 Q. B., 523.
[631] _Tinsley_ v._Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747.
[632] (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73.
[633] _Tinsley_ v. _Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747.
[634] See Stephen's "Digest," Art. 9 ("Report Copyright Commission,"
1878, p. lxx.).
[635] _Gyles_ v. _Wilcox_ (1740), 2 Atk., 142.
[636] Ibid.
[637] _Tonson_ v. _Walker_ (1752), 3 Swans., 672, at p. 681; _Millar_
v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., Willes, J., at p. 2311; _Bell_ v.
_Walker_ (1785), 1 Bro. Ch. C., 450; _Murray_ v. _Elliston_ (1822), 1
Dow and Ry., 299; _Butterworth_ v. _Robinson_ (1801), 5 Ves., 709.
[638] (1761), Amb., 402; and see _Anonymous Case_ (1774), Lofft., 775.
[639] (1835), 1 Y. and C., Ex., 288.
[640] _Per_ Lord Lyndhurst, L. C. B., at p. 301.
[641] (1761), Amb., 402.
[642] _Dickens_ v. _Lee_ (1844), 8 Jur., 183, at p. 184.
[643] _Tinsley_ v. _Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747, at p. 754; and see
the observations of the same judge in _Spiers_ v. _Brown_ (1858), 6 W.
R., 352.
[644] _Munshi_ v. _Mirza_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 14 Bomb., 586;
_Macmillan_ v. _Shamsal_ (1894), Ind. L. R., 19 Bomb., 557.
[645] (1720), 2 Meriv., at p. 441.
[646] (1769), 4 Burr., Yates J., at p. 2348.
[647] (1849), 2 De G. and M., at p. 693.
[648] (1814), 3 V. and B., 77.
[649] (1852), 1 Drew, 353.
[650] _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374.
[651] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 15.
[652] _Morton_ v. _Copeland_ (1855), 16 C. B., 517.
[653] _London Printing_ v. _Cox_ [1891], 3 Ch., 291.
[654] _Morton_ v. _Copeland_ (1855), 16 C. B., 517.
[655] Ibid.
[656] _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567; _Allen_ v.
_Lyon_(1884), 5 Out. Rep., 615; but see _Eaton_ v. _Lake_ (1888), 20
Q. B. D., 378; _Strahan_ v. _Graham_ (1867), 16 L. T. (N. S.), 87.
[657] _Ager_ v. _P. & O._ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 637.
[658] Coleridge, J., in _Jefferys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., at
p. 906.
[659] But see Willes, J., at pp. 2311 and 2332, and Aston, J., at p.
2346, in _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., 2303.
[660] _Southey_ v. _Sherwood_ (1817), 2 Mer., 435; _Rundell_ v.
_Murray_ (1821), Jac., 311.
[661] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.
[662] _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., at p. 455; _Morris_
v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34; _Rundell_ v. _Murray_ (1821),
Jac., 311; _Saunders_ v. _Smith_ (1838), 3 My. and Cr., 711; _Platt_
v. _Button_ (1815), 19 Ves., 447; _Latour_ v. _Bland_ (1818), 2 Stark,
382; _Pitman_ v. _Hine_ (1884), 1 T. L. R., 39; _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_
(1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.
[663] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 5.
[664] _Reade_ v. _Conquest_ (1861), 9 C. B. (N. S.), 755; _Tinsley_ v.
_Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747.
[665] _Reade_ v. _Conquest_ (1863), 11 C. B. (N. S.), 479.
_Schlesinger_ v. _Turner_ (1890), 63 L. T., 764.
[666] _Toole_ v. _Young_ (1874), L. R., 9 Q. B., 523.
[667] _Schlesinger_ v. _Bedford_ (1890), 63 L. T., 762.
[668] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73.
[669] See _Clark_ v. _Bishop_ (1872), 25 L. T., 908.
[670] _Macklin_ v. _Richardson_ (1770), Amb., 694.
[671] See p. 215.
[672] (1882), 21 Ch. D., 232.
[673] _Macklin_ v. _Richardson_ (1770), Amb., 694.
[674] 3 & 4 Will. IV. c. 15, sec. 1; 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 15, 2.
[675] (1820), 1 Jac. and W., 481.
[676] (1864), 17 C. B. (N. S.), 418, at p. 426.
[677] (1822) 5 B. and Ald., 657.
[678] (1774), 4 Burr., 2408.
[679] (1793), 5 T. R., 245; and see _dictum_ of Cockburn, C. J., in
_Toole_ v. _Young_ (1874), L. R., 9 Q. B., at p. 527.
[680] See _supra_, p. 13.
[681] _Chatterton_ v. _Cave_ (1875), L. R., 10 C. P., 572; _Hatton_ v.
_Kean_ (1859), 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268.
[682] _Reade_ v. _Conquest_ (1861), 9 C. B. (N. S.), 755; _Tinsley_ v.
_Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747; _Toole_ v. _Young_ (1874), L. R., 9
Q. B., 523; _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73.
[683] (1847), 3 C. B., 871.
[684] (1848), 12 Q. B., 217.
[685] (1872), 25 L. T., 908.
[686] (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 102.
[687] (1887), 3 T. L. R., 552.
[688] [1895], 2 Q. B., 429.
[689] (1848), 12 Q. B., 217.
[690] (1874). L. R., 9 Q. B., 523.
[691] (1848), 12 Q. B., 217.
[692] [1895], 2 Q. B., 429.
[693] (1848), 12 Q. B., 217.
[694] [1895], 2 Q. B., 429.
[695] See cases under the Dramatic Licensing Acts; _Day_ v. _Simpson_
(1865), 18 C. B. (N. S.), 680.
[696] See Stephen's "Digest," Art. 13 ("Report Copyright Commission,"
p. lxxii.).
[697] See _supra_, p. 121.
[698] The printing and publication of a dramatic piece as a book
before public representation does not destroy the performing right
as suggested in Stephen's "Digest," Art. 14 ("Report Copyright
Commission," p. lxxiii.); _Chappell_ v. _Boosey_(1882), 21 Ch. D., 232.
[699] See _Boucicault_ v. _Chatterton_(1876), 5 Ch. D. 267.
[700] [1893], 2 Q. B., 308; and see also _Boucicault_ v.
_Chatterton_(1876), 5 Ch. D., 267.
[701] _i. e._ the statute of Victoria.
[702] _i. e._ The International Copyright Acts.
[703] (1863), 1 H. and M., 597.
[704] (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267.
[705] Ibid.
[706] _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1867), L. R., 2 Q. B., 340.
[707] _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4; _Lover_ v. _Davidson_
(1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182.
[708] _Russell_ v. _Smith_ (1848), 12 Q. B., 217; in _Hatton_ v.
_Kean_(1859), 7 C. B. (N. S.), at p. 273, the plaintiff began to argue
the question whether a non-dramatic musical composition was within the
Act; but counsel for the defendant intimated that he would not rely on
that point.
[709] _Wall_ v. _Taylor_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 102.
[710] See A. L. Smith, L. J., in _Fuller_ v. _Blackpool Winter Gardens_
[1895], 2 Q. B., 429.
[711] Ibid.
[712] Ibid.
[713] Ibid.
[714] Note that the form in the schedule provides for "name of
publisher and place of publication."
[715] _i. e._ of the copyright and performing right if in the same
hands. If in different hands the respective proprietors should be
specified.
[716] _Russell_ v. _Smith_ (1848), 12 Q. B., 217; _Lacy_ v. _Rhys_
(1864), 33 L. J., Q. B., 157; _Clark_ v. _Bishop_ (1872), 25 L. T.,
908.
[717] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 11.
[718] Ibid.
[719] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 12.
[720] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 13.
[721] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 20.
[722] (1848), 12 Q. B., 217.
[723] (1872), 25 L. T., 908.
[724] (1864), 33 L. J., Q. B., 157.
[725] See _Fairlie_ v. _Boosey_ (1879), 4 A. C., 711.
[726] _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1868), L. R., 3 Q. B., 223.
[727] _Shepherd_ v. _Conquest_ (1856), 17 C. B., 427; see _Cumberland_
v. _Copeland_ (1861), 7 H. and N., 118; (1862), 1 H. and C., 194.
[728] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 22, 20, 13.
[729] _Supra_, p. 77.
[730] _Shepherd_ v. _Conquest_ (1856), 17 C. B., 427; _Eaton_ v.
_Lake_ (1888), 20 Q. B. D., 378.
[731] _Marsh_ v. _Conquest_ (1864), 17 C. B. (N. S.), 418.
[732] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 22.
[733] 3 & 4 Will. IV. c. 15, sec. 2; _Power_ v. _Walker_ (1814), 3 M.
and S., 7; _Leyland_ v. _Stewart_ (1876), 4 Ch. D., 419.
[734] _Marsh_ v. _Conquest_ (1864), 17 C. B. (N. S.), 418.
[735] _Marsh_ v. _Conquest_ (1864), 17 C. B. (M. S.), 418; _Lacy_ v.
_Rhys_ (1864), 4 B. and S., 873.
[736] Ibid.
[737] _Ex parte Hutchins_ (1879), L. R., 4 Q. B. D., 483.
[738] L. R., 4 Q. B. D., 483.
[739] (1834), 1 Ad. and E., 580.
[740] See p. 128.
[741] See p. 74.
[742] _Holt_ v. _Woods_ (1896), 17 New South Wales R., Eq., 36; and
see p. 81.
[743] (1847), 3 C. B., 871.
[744] (1848), 12 Q. B., 217.
[745] See _Shelly_ v. _Bethell_ (1883), 12 Q. B. D., 11.
[746] (1883), 11 Q. B. D., at p. 108.
[747] (1884), 13 Q. B. D., 843.
[748] And see _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177.
[749] Denman, C. J., in _Russell_ v. _Smith_ (1848), 12 Q. B., 217, at
p. 236.
[750] (1878), 3 A. C., 483.
[751] (1837), 8 C. and P., 68.
[752] (1837), 4 Bing., N. C, 17.
[753] (1889), 5 T. L. R., 330.
[754] _Reade_ v. _Conquest_ (1862), 11 C. B. (N. S.), 479;
_Schlesinger_ v. _Turner_ (1890), 63 L. T. (N. S.), 764.
[755] _Reichardt_ v. _Sapte_ [1893], 2 Q. B., 308; and see _Walter_ v.
_Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539.
[756] _Supra_, p. 104.
[757] (1878), 3 A. C., at p. 501.
[758] (1831), 5 C. and P., 33.
[759] (1849), 8 C. B., 836.
[760] (1848), 12 Q. B., 217.
[761] (1863), 3 B. and S., 556; see this case and _Russell_ v.
_Briant_, _supra_, approved by Byrne, J., in _Kelly's Directories_ v.
_Gavin & Lloyds_ [1901], 1 Ch., 374:
[762] (1864), 17 C. B. (N. S.), 418.
[763] (1886), 2 T. L. R., 685; but see _Cole_ v. _Gear_(1888), 4 T. L.
R., 246.
[764] (1831), 5 C. and P., 33.
[765] (1893), 9 T. L. R., 548.
[766] _Lee_ v. _Simpson_(1847), 3 C. B., 871, at p. 883.
[767] _Duck_ v. _Mayen_(1892), 8 T. L. R., 339.
[768] 3 & 4 Will. IV. c. 15, sec. 2.
[769] _Supra_, p. 118.
[770] _Roberts_ v. _Bignell_(1887), 3 T. L. R., 552; _Eaton_ v.
_Lake_(1888), 20 Q. B. D., 378.
[771] _Morton_ v. _Copeland_(1855), 16 C. B., 517.
[772] Ibid.
[773] _Powell_ v. _Head_(1879), 12 Ch. D., 686.
[774] (1835), 1 Y. and C. Ex., 288.
[775] (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 102.