So I was sent to Oxford, to Somerville College, which, like the
Examination Schools, had been converted into a hospital. It occurred to
me here that I was probably through with the war, for it could not last
long now. I both liked and disliked the idea. I disliked being away
from the regiment in France and I liked to think that I would probably
be alive when the war ended. As soon as I was passed fit Siegfried had
got boarded toe and tried to follow me to the Second Battalion. He was
disappointed to find me gone. I felt I had somehow let him down. But
he wrote that he was unspeakably relieved to know that I was back at
Oxford.
I liked Oxford and wanted to stay there. I applied, on the strength of
a chit from the Bull Ring commandant at Havre, for an instructional
job in one of the Officer-Cadet Battalions quartered in the men’s
colleges. I was posted to the Wadham Company of No. 4 Battalion.
These battalions had not been formed long; they had grown out of
instructional schools for young officers. The cadet course was only
three months (later increased to four), but it was a severe one and
particularly intended to train platoon commanders in the handling of
the platoon as an independent unit. About two-thirds of the cadets were
men recommended for commissions by colonels in France, the remainder
were public-school boys from the officers’ training corps. Much of the
training was drill and musketry, but the important part was tactical
exercises with limited objectives. We used the army textbook S.S. 143,
or ‘_Instructions for the training of platoons for offensive action_,
1917,’ perhaps the most important War Office publication issued during
the war. The author is said to have been General Solly-Flood,
who wrote it after a visit to a French army school. From 1916 on the
largest unit possible to control in sustained action was the platoon.
Infantry training had hitherto treated the company as the chief
tactical unit.
Though the quality of the officers had deteriorated from the regimental
point of view (in brief, few of the new officers were now gentlemen),
their deficiency in manners was amply compensated for by their greater
efficiency in action. The cadet-battalion system, in the next two
years, saved the army in France from becoming a mere rabble. We failed
about a sixth of the candidates for commissions; the failures were
sometimes public-school boys without the necessary toughness, but
usually men who had been recommended, from France, on compassionate
grounds—rather stupid platoon sergeants and machine-gun corporals
who had been out too long and were thought to need a rest. Our final
selection of the right men to be officers was made by watching them
play games, principally rugger and soccer. The ones who played rough
but not dirty and had quick reactions were the men we wanted. We spent
most of our spare time playing games with them. I had a platoon of New
Zealanders, Canadians, South Africans, two men from the Fiji Island
contingent, an English farm-labourer, a Welsh miner and two or three
public-school boys. They were a good lot and most of them were killed
later on in the war. The New Zealanders went in for rowing; the record
time for the river at Oxford was made by a New Zealand eight that year.
I found the work too much for my lungs, for which the climate of Oxford
was unsuitable. I kept myself going for two months on a strychnine
tonic and then collapsed again. I fainted and fell downstairs one
evening in the dark, cutting my head open; I was taken back to
Somerville. I had kept going as long as I could.
I had liked Wadham, where I was a member of the senior common-room and
had access to the famous brown sherry of the college; it is specially
mentioned in a Latin grace among the blessings vouchsafed to the
fellows by their Creator. My commanding officer, Colonel Stenning,
in better times University Professor of Hebrew, was a fellow of the
college. The social system at Oxford was dislocated. The St. John’s
don destined to be my moral tutor when I came up was a corporal in
the General Reserve; he wore grey uniform, drilled in the parks, and
saluted me whenever we met. A college scout had a commission and was
instructing in the other cadet battalion. There were not, I suppose,
more than a hundred and fifty undergraduates at Oxford at this time;
these were Rhodes scholars, Indians, and men who were unfit. I saw
a good deal of Aldous Huxley, Wilfred Childe, and Thomas Earp, who
were running an undergraduates’ literary paper of necessarily limited
circulation called _The Palatine Review_, to which I contributed. Earp
had set himself the task of keeping the Oxford tradition alive through
the dead years; he was president and sole member, he said, of some
seventeen undergraduate social and literary societies. In 1919 he was
still in residence, and handed over the minute-books to the returning
university. Most of the societies were then reformed.
I enjoyed being at Somerville. It was warm weather and the discipline
of the hospital was easy. We used to lounge about in the grounds in our
pyjamas and dressing-gowns, and even walk out into St. Giles’ and down
the Cornmarket (also in pyjamas and dressing-gowns) for a morning cup
of coffee at the Cadena. And there was a V.A.D. probationer with
whom I fell in love. I did not tell her so at the time. This was the
first time that I had fallen in love with a woman, and I had difficulty
in adjusting myself to the experience. I used to meet her when I
visited a friend in another ward, but we had little talk together. I
wrote to her after leaving hospital. When I found that she was engaged
to a subaltern in France I stopped writing. I had seen what it felt
like to be in France and have somebody else playing about with one’s
girl. Yet by the way she wrote reproving me for not writing she may
well have been as fond of me as she was of him. I did not press the
point. There was the end of it, almost before it started.
While I was with the cadet battalion I used to go out to tea nearly
every Sunday to Garsington. Siegfried’s friends, Philip and Lady
Ottoline Morrell, lived at the manor house there. The Morrells were
pacifists and it was here that I first heard that there was another
side to the question of war guilt. Clive Bell was working on the manor
farm; he was a conscientious objector, and had been permitted to do
this, as work of national importance, instead of going into the army.
Aldous Huxley, Lytton Strachey and the Hon. Bertrand Russell were
frequent visitors. Aldous was unfit, otherwise he would certainly have
been in the army like Osbert and Sacheverell Sitwell, Herbert Read,
Siegfried, Wilfred Owen, myself and most other young writers of the
time, none of whom now believed in the war. Bertrand Russell, who was
beyond the age of liability for military service but an ardent pacifist
(a rare combination), turned sharply on me one afternoon and said:
‘Tell me, if a company of men of your regiment were brought along to
break a strike of munition makers and the munition makers refused to
submit, would you order the men to fire?’ I said: ‘Yes, if everything
else failed. It would be no worse than shooting Germans, really.’
He was surprised and asked: ‘Would your men obey you?’ ‘Of course
they would,’ I said; ‘they loathe munition makers and would be only
too glad of a chance to shoot a few. They think that they’re all
skrim-shankers.’ ‘But they realize that the war’s all wicked nonsense?’
‘Yes, as well as I do.’ He could not understand my attitude.
Lytton Strachey was unfit, but instead of allowing himself to be
rejected by the doctors he preferred to appear before a military
tribunal as a conscientious objector. He told us of the extraordinary
impression that was caused by an air-cushion which he inflated during
the proceedings as a protest against the hardness of the benches.
Asked by the chairman the usual question: ‘I understand, Mr. Strachey,
that you have a conscientious objection to war?’ he replied (in his
curious falsetto voice), ‘Oh no, not at all, only to _this_ war.’
Better than this was his reply to the chairman’s other stock question,
which had previously never failed to embarrass the claimant: ‘Tell me,
Mr. Strachey, what would you do if you saw a German soldier trying to
violate your sister?’ With an air of noble virtue: ‘I would try to get
between them.’
In 1916 I met more well-known writers than ever before or since. There
were two unsuccessful meetings. George Moore had just written _The
Brook Kerith_ and my neurasthenic twitchings interrupted the calm,
easy flow of his conversational periods. He told me irritably not to
fidget; in return I taunted him with having introduced cactus into the
Holy Land some fifteen centuries before the discovery of America, its
land of origin. At the Reform Club, H. G. Wells, who was Mr. Britling
in those days and full of military optimism, talked without
listening. He had just been taken for a ‘Cook’s Tour’ to France and had
been shown the usual sights that royalty, prominent men of letters, and
influential neutrals were shown by staff-conductors. He described his
experiences at length and seemed unaware that I and the friend who was
with me had also seen the sights. But I liked Arnold Bennett for his
kindly unpretentiousness. And I liked Augustine Birrell. I happened to
correct him when he said that the Apocrypha was not read in the church
services; and again when he said that Elihu the Jebusite was one of
Job’s comforters. He tried to over-ride me in both points, but I called
for a Bible and proved them. He said, glowering very kindly at me: ‘I
will say to you what Thomas Carlyle once said to a young man who caught
him out in a misquotation, “Young man, you are heading straight for the
pit of Hell!”’
And who else? John Galsworthy; or was my first meeting with him a year
or two later? He was editor of a magazine called _Réveillé_, published
under Government auspices (and was treated very ungenerously), the
proceeds of which were to go to a disabled-soldier fund. I contributed.
When I met him he asked me technical questions about soldier-slang—he
was writing a war-play and wanted it accurate. He seemed a humble man
and except for these questions listened without talking. This is,
apparently, his usual practice; which explains why he is a better
writer if a less forceful propagandist than Wells.... And Ivor Novello,
in 1918. Then aged about twenty and already world famous as the author
and composer of the patriotic song:
Keep the home fires burning
While the hearts are yearning....
There was some talk of his setting a song of mine. I found him,
wearing a silk dressing-gown, in a setting of incense, cocktails, many
cushions, and a Tree or two. I felt uncomfortably military. I removed
my spurs (I was a temporary field-officer at the time) out of courtesy
to the pouffes. He was in the Royal Naval Air Service, but his genius
was officially recognized and he was able to keep the home fires
burning until the boys came home.
By this time the War Office had stopped the privilege that officers
had enjoyed, after coming out of hospital, of going to their own homes
for convalescence. It was found that many of them took no trouble to
get well quickly and return to duty, they kept late nights, drank,
and overtaxed their strength. So when I was somewhat recovered I was
sent to a convalescent home for officers in the Isle of Wight. It was
Osborne Palace; my bedroom had once been the royal night-nursery of
King Edward VII and his brothers and sisters. This was the strawberry
season and fine weather; the patients were able to take all Queen
Victoria’s favourite walks through the woods and along the quiet
sea-shore, play billiards in the royal billiard-room, sing bawdy songs
in the royal music-room, drink the Prince Consort’s favourite Rhine
wines among his Winterhalters, play golf-crocquet and go down to Cowes
when in need of adventure. We were made honorary members of the Royal
Yacht Squadron. This is another of the caricature scenes of my life;
sitting in a leather chair in the smoking-room of what had been and
is now again the most exclusive club in the world, drinking gin and
ginger, and sweeping the Solent with a powerful telescope.
I made friends with the French Benedictine Fathers who lived near by;
they had been driven from Solesmes in France by the anti-clerical
laws of 1906, and had built themselves a new abbey at Quarr. The
abbey had a special commission from the Vatican to collect and edit
ancient church music. Hearing the fathers at their plain-song made us
for the moment forget the war completely. Many of them were ex-army
officers who had, I was told, turned to religion after the ardours of
their campaigns or after disappointments in love. They were greatly
interested in the war, which they saw as a dispensation of God for
restoring France to Catholicism. They told me that the freemason
element in the French army had been discredited and that the present
Supreme Command was predominantly Catholic—an augury, they said, of
Allied victory. The guest-master showed me the library of twenty
thousand volumes, hundreds of them blackletter. The librarian was an
old monk from Béthune and was interested to hear from me an accurate
account of the damage to his quarter of the town. The guest-master
asked me whether there were any books that I would like to read in
the library. He said that there were all kinds there—history, botany,
music, architecture, engineering, almost every other lay subject. I
asked him whether there was a poetry section. He smiled kindly and
said, no, poetry was not regarded as improving.
The Father Superior asked me whether I was a _bon catholique_. I
replied no, I did not belong to the true religion. To spare him a
confession of agnosticism I added that my parents were Protestants.
He said: ‘But if ours is the true religion why do you not become a
Catholic?’ He asked the question in such a simple way that I felt
ashamed. But I had to put him off somehow, so I said: ‘Reverend father,
we have a proverb in England never to swap horses while crossing a
stream. I am still in the war, you know.’ I offered: ‘Peut-être après
la guerre.’ This was a joke with myself; it was the stock answer that
the Pas de Calais girls were ordered by their priests to give to Allied
soldiers who asked for a ‘Promenade, mademoiselle?’ It was seldom
given, I was told, except for the purpose of bargaining. All the same,
I half-envied the Fathers their abbey on the hill, finished with wars
and love affairs. I liked their kindness and seriousness; the clean
whitewashed cells and the meals eaten in silence at the long oaken
tables, while a novice read the _Lives of the Saints_; the food, mostly
cereals, vegetables and fruit, was the best I had tasted for years—I
was tired of ration beef, ration jam, ration bread and cheese. At
Quarr, Catholicism ceased to be repulsive to me.
Osborne was gloomy. Many of the patients there were neurasthenic and
should have been in a special neurasthenic hospital. A. A. Milne was
there, as a subaltern in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, and in the
least humorous vein. Vernon Bartlett, of the Hampshire Regiment, who
had introduced me to the Quarr Fathers, decided with me that something
must be started. So we founded the ‘Royal Albert Society’; its aim
was to revive interest in the life and times of the Prince Consort.
I was president and my regalia consisted of a Scottish dirk, Hessian
boots, and a pair of side-whiskers. Official business was not allowed
to proceed until the announcement had been duly made that the whiskers
were on the table. Membership was open only to those who professed
themselves students of the life and works of the Prince Consort, those
who had been born in the province of Alberta in Canada, those who had
resided for six months or upwards by the banks of the Albert Nyanza,
those who held the Albert Medal for saving life, or those who were
linked with the Prince Consort’s memory in any other signal way.
The members were expected to report at each meeting reminiscences that
they had collected from old palace-servants and Osborne cottagers,
throwing light on the human side of the Consort’s life. We had about
fifteen members and ate strawberries. On one occasion about a dozen
officers came in to join the society; they professed to have the
necessary qualifications. One said that he was the grandson of the
man who had built the Albert Memorial; one had worked at the Albert
Docks; and one actually did possess the Albert Medal for saving life;
the others were mere students. They submitted quietly at first to the
ceremonies and business, but it was soon apparent that they were not
serious and had come to break up the society; they were, in fact, most
of them drunk. They began giving indecent accounts of the private life
of the Prince Consort, alleging that they could substantiate them with
documentary evidence. Bartlett and I got worried; it was not that
sort of society. So, as president, I rose and told in an improved
version the story which had won the 1914 All-England Interregimental
Competition at Aldershot for the worst story of the year. I linked it
up with the Prince Consort by saying that he had been told it by John
Brown, the Balmoral ghillie, in whose pawky humour Queen Victoria used
to find such delight, and that it had prevented him from sleeping for
three days and nights, and was a contributory cause of his premature
death. The story had the intended effect; the interrupters threw up
their hands in surrender and walked out. It struck me suddenly how far
I had come since my first years at Charterhouse seven years back, and
what a pity it was that I had not used the same technique there.
On the beach one day Bartlett and I saw an old ship’s fender; the
knotted ropes at the top had frayed into something that looked like
hair, so Bartlett said to me: ‘Poor fellow, I knew him well. He was
in my platoon in the Hampshire Regiment and jumped overboard from the
hospital ship.’ A little farther along we found an old pair of trousers
half in the water, and a coat, and then some socks and a boot. So we
dressed up Bartlett’s old comrade, draped sea-weed over him where
necessary, and walked on. Soon after we met a coastguard and turned
back with him. We said: ‘There’s a dead man on the beach.’ He stopped a
few yards off and said, holding his nose: ‘Pooh, don’t he ’alf stink!’
We turned again, leaving him with the dead, and the next day read in
the Isle of Wight paper of a hoax that ‘certain convalescent officers
at Osborne’ had played on the coroner. Bartlett and I were nonsensical,
and changed the labels of all the pictures in the galleries. Anything
to make people laugh. But it was hard work.