of the Mediterranean, founded by the two Scipios, who planted a
Roman colony there. The province of which it was the capital was
called _Tarraconensis_, and was famous for its wines. Hispania
_Tarraconensis_, which was also called by the Romans Hispania
_Citerior_, was bounded on the east by the Mediterranean, the ocean
on the west, the Pyrenean mountains and the sea of the Cantabri on
the north, and Lusitania and Bætica on the south. _Martial_, bk. 10,
ltr. 104; bk. 13, ltr. 118.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Silius Italicus_,
bk. 3, li. 369; bk. 15, li. 177.
=Tarrutius.= _See:_ Acca Laurentia.
=Tarsa=, a Thracian, who rebelled under Tiberius, &c. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 4, ch. 50.
=Tarsius=, a river of Troas. _Strabo._
=Tarsus=, now _Tarasso_, a town of Cilicia, on the Cydnus, founded
by Triptolemus and a colony of Argives, or, as others say, by
Sardanapalus, or by Perseus. Tarsus was celebrated for the great
men it produced. It was once the rival of Alexandria and Athens in
literature and the study of the polite arts. The people of Tarsus
wished to ingratiate themselves into the favour of Julius Cæsar by
giving the name of _Juliopolis_ to their city, but it was soon lost.
_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 225.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 13.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.
=Tartărus=, (plural, a, orum), one of the regions of hell, where,
according to the ancients, the most impious and guilty among mankind
were punished. It was surrounded by a brazen wall, and its entrance
was continually hidden from the sight by a cloud of darkness, which
is represented three times more gloomy than the obscurest night.
According to Hesiod it was a separate prison, at a greater distance
from the earth than the earth is from the heavens. Virgil says that
it was surrounded by three impenetrable walls, and by the impetuous
and burning streams of the river Phlegethon. The entrance was by
a large and lofty tower, whose gates were supported by columns
of adamant, which neither gods nor men could open. In Tartarus,
according to Virgil, were punished such as had been disobedient to
their parents, traitors, adulterers, faithless ministers, and such as
had undertaken unjust and cruel wars, or had betrayed their friends
for the sake of money. It was also the place where Ixion, Tityus, the
Danaides, Tantalus, Sisyphus, &c., were punished, according to Ovid.
_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 720.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 13, li. 591.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 11.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, fable 13.――――A small river of Italy, near
Verona. _Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 3, ch. 9.
=Tartessus=, a town in Spain near the columns of Hercules, on the
Mediterranean. Some suppose that it was afterwards called _Carteia_,
and it was better known by the name of _Gades_, when Hercules had set
up his columns on the extremity of Spain and Africa. There is also a
town called Tartessus, in a small island formed by the river of the
same name, near Gades in Iberia. Tartessus has been called the most
distant town in the extremities of Spain, by the Romans, as also the
place where the poets imagined the sun unharnessed his tired horses.
_Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, lis. 399 & 411; bk. 10, li. 538.――_Mela_,
bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 19.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 14, li. 416.――_Strabo_, bk. 3.
=Taruana=, a town of Gaul, now _Terrouen_ in Artois.
=Lucius Taruntius Spurina=, a mathematician who flourished 61 years B.C.
_Cicero_, _de Divinatione_, bk. 2, ch. 47.
=Tarus=, a river of Gaul, falling into the Po.
=Tarusates=, a people of Gaul, now _Turcan_. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_,
bk. 3, chs. 23 & 27.
=Taruscum=, a town of Gaul.
=Tarvisium=, a town of Italy, now _Treviso_, in the Venetian states.
=Tasgretius Cornūtus=, a prince of Gaul, assassinated in the age of
Cæsar. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 5, ch. 25.
=Tatian=, one of the Greek fathers, A.D. 172. The best edition of his
works is that of Worth, 8vo, Oxford, 1700.
=Tatienses=, a name given to one of the tribes of the Roman people by
Romulus, in honour of Tatius king of the Sabines. The Tatienses, who
were partly the ancient subjects of the king of the Sabines, lived on
mounts Capitolinus and Quirinalis.
=Tātius Titus=, king of Cures among the Sabines, made war against
the Romans after the rape of the Sabines. The gates of the city
were betrayed into his hands by Tarpeia, and the army of the Sabines
advanced as far as the Roman forum, where a bloody battle was fought.
The cries of the Sabine virgins at last stopped the fury of the
combatants, and an agreement was made between the two nations. Tatius
consented to leave his ancient possessions, and with his subjects of
Cures, to come and live in Rome, which, as stipulated, was permitted
still to bear the name of its founder, whilst the inhabitants adopted
the name of Quirites in compliment to the new citizens. After he
had for six years shared the royal authority with Romulus, in the
greatest union, he was murdered at Lanuvium, B.C. 742, for an act of
cruelty to the ambassadors of the Laurentes. This was done by order
of his royal colleague, according to some authors. _Livy_, bk. 1,
ch. 10, &c.――_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――_Cicero_, _For Cornelius Balbus_.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 804.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.
=Tatta=, a large lake of Phrygia, on the confines of Pisidia.
=Tavola=, a river of Corsica.
=Taua=, a town of the Delta in Egypt.
=Taulantii=, a people of Illyricum on the Adriatic. _Livy_, bk. 45,
ch. 26.――_Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 16.
=Taunus=, a mountain in Germany, now _Heyrich_ or _Hoche_, opposite
Mentz. _Tacitus_, bk. 1, _Annals_, ch. 56.
=Taurania=, a town of Italy in the country of the Brutii.
=Taurantes=, a people of Armenia, between Artaxata and Tigranocerta.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 14, ch. 24.
=Tauri=, a people of European Sarmatia, who inhabited Taurica
Chersonesus, and sacrificed all strangers to Diana. The statue of
this goddess, which they believed to have fallen down from heaven,
was carried away to Sparta by Iphigenia and Orestes. _Strabo_, bk. 12.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 99, &c.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 3, ch. 16.――_Euripides_, _Iphigeneia_.――_Ovid_, _ex Ponto_, bk. 1,
poem 2, li. 80.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14, li. 260.――_Juvenal_,
satire 15, li. 116.
=Taurĭca Chersonēsus=, a large peninsula of Europe at the south-west of
the Palus Mæotis, now called the _Crimea_. It is joined by an isthmus
to Scythia, and is bounded by the Cimmerian Bosphorus, the Euxine sea,
and the Palus Mœotis. The inhabitants, called _Tauri_, were a savage
and uncivilized nation. _Strabo_, bk. 4.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.
_See:_ Tauri.
=Taurĭca=, a surname of Diana, because she was worshipped by the
inhabitants of Taurica Chersonesus.
=Taurīni=, the inhabitants of Taurinum, a town of Cisalpine Gaul,
now called _Turin_, in Piedmont. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 646.
――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 17.
=Taurisci=, a people of Mysia. _Strabo_, bk. 7.――――Of Noricum, among
the Alps. _Strabo_, bk. 4.
=Tauriscus=, a sculptor. _See:_ Apollonius.
=Taurium=, a town of the Peloponnesus. _Polybius._
=Taurominium=, a town of Sicily, between Messana and Catana, built by
the Zancleans, Sicilians, and Hybleans, in the age of Dionysius the
tyrant of Syracuse. The hills in the neighbourhood were famous for
the fine grapes which they produced, and they surpassed almost the
whole world for the extent and beauty of their prospects. There is
a small river near it called _Taurominius_. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.
=Taurus=, the largest mountain of Asia, as to extent. One of its
extremities is in Caria, and it extends not only as far as the most
eastern extremities of Asia, but it also branches in several parts,
and runs far into the north. Mount Taurus was known by several names,
particularly in different countries. In Cilicia, where it reaches
as far as the Euphrates, it was called Taurus. It was known by the
names of _Amanus_, from the bay of Issus as far as the Euphrates; of
_Antitaurus_ from the western boundaries of Cilicia up to Armenia;
of _Montes Matieni_ in the country of the Leucosyrians; of _Mons
Moschicus_ at the south of the river Phasis; of _Amaranta_ at the
north of the Phasis; of _Caucasus_ between the Hyrcanian and Euxine
seas; of _Hyrcanii Montes_, near Hyrcania; of _Imaus_ in the more
eastern parts of Asia. The word Taurus was more properly confined to
the mountains which separate Phrygia and Pamphylia from Cilicia. The
several passes which were opened in the mountains were called _Pylæ_,
and hence frequent mention is made in ancient authors of the Armenian
Pylæ, Cilician Pylæ, &c. _Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 15; bk. 3, chs. 7
& 8.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 27.――――A mountain in Germany. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 6, ch. 41.――――Of Sicily.――――Titus Statilius, a consul
distinguished by his intimacy with Augustus, as well as by a theatre
which he built, and the triumph which he obtained after a prosperous
campaign in Africa. He was made prefect of Italy by his imperial
friend.――――A proconsul of Africa, accused by Agripina, who wished
him to be condemned, that she might become mistress of his gardens.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 59.――――An officer of Minos king
of Crete. He had an amour with Pasiphae, whence arose the fable of
the Minotaur, from the son, who was born some time after. _See:_
Minotaurus. Taurus was vanquished by Theseus, in the games which
Minos exhibited in Crete. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.
=Taxĭla= (plural), a large country in India, between the Indus and the
Hydaspes. _Strabo_, bk. 15.
=Taxĭlus=, or =Taxiles=, a king of Taxila in the age of Alexander,
called also _Omphis_. He submitted to the conqueror, who rewarded him
with great liberality. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.――_Plutarch_, _Alexander_.
――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 5, ch. 6.――_Curtius_, bk. 8,
ch. 14.――――A general of Mithridates, who assisted Archelaus against
the Romans in Greece. He was afterwards conquered by Muræna the
lieutenant of Sylla.
=Taximaquilus=, a king in the southern parts of Britain when Cæsar
invaded it. _Cæsar_, bk. 5, _Gallic War_, ch. 22.
=Taygēte=, or =Taygēta=, a daughter of Atlas and Pleione, mother of
Lacedæmon by Jupiter. She became one of the Pleiades after death.
_Hyginus_, fables 155 & 192.――_Pausanias_, in _Laconia_, chs. 1 & 18.
=Taygētus=, or =Taygēta= (orum), a mountain of Laconia, in Peloponnesus,
at the west of the river Eurotas. It hung over the city of Lacedæmon,
and it is said that once a part of it fell down by an earthquake, and
destroyed the suburbs. It was on this mountain that the Lacedæmonian
women celebrated the orgies of Bacchus. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 5.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Lucan_, bk. 5,
li. 52.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 488.
=Teānum=, a town of Campania, on the Appian road, at the east of the
Liris, called _Sidicinum_, to be distinguished from another town of
the same name at the west of Apulia, at a small distance from the
coast of the Adriatic. The rights of citizenship were extended to
it under Augustus. _Cicero_, _For Aulus Cluentius_, chs. 9 & 69.
_Philostratus_, bk. 12, ch. 11.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 1.――_Pliny_,
bk. 31, ch. 2.――_Livy_, bk. 22, ch. 27.
=Tearus=, a river of Thrace, rising in the same rock from 38 different
sources, some of which are hot, and others cold. Darius raised a
column there when he marched against the Scythians, as if to denote
the sweetness and salubrity of the waters of that river. _Herodotus_,
bks. 4, 5, 90, &c.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.
=Teātea=, =Teate=, or =Tegeate=, a town of Latium. _Silius Italicus_,
bk. 8, li. 522; bk. 17, li. 457.
=Teches=, a mountain of Pontus, from which the 10,000 Greeks had first
a view of the sea. _Xenophon_, _Anabasis_, bk. 4.
=Techmessa=, the daughter of a Phrygian prince, called by some Teuthras,
and by others Teleutas. When her father was killed in war by Ajax son
of Telamon, the young princess became the property of the conqueror,
and by him she had a son called Eurysaces. Sophocles, in one of his
tragedies, represents Techmessa as moving her husband to pity by her
tears and entreaties, when he wished to stab himself. _Horace_, bk. 2,
ode 1, li. 6.――_Dictys Cretensis._――_Sophocles_, _Ajax_.
=Tecmon=, a town of Epirus. _Livy_, bk. 45, ch. 26.
=Tecnatis=, a king of Egypt.
=Tectămus=, a son of Dorus, grandson of Hellen the son of Deucalion,
went to Crete with the Ætolians and Pelasgians, and reigned there. He
had a son called Asterius by the daughter of Cretheus.
=Tectosăges=, or =Tectosăgæ=, a people of Gallia Narbonensis, whose
capital was the modern Toulouse. They received the name of Tectosagæ
_quod sagis tegerentur_. Some of them passed into Germany, where they
settled near the Hercynian forest, and another colony passed into
Asia, where they conquered Phrygia, Paphlagonia, and Cappadocia. The
Tectosagæ were among those Gauls who pillaged Rome under Brennus,
and who attempted some time after to plunder the temple of Apollo
at Delphi. At their return home from Greece they were visited by
a pestilence, and ordered, to stop it, to throw into the river all
the riches and plunder which they had obtained in their distant
excursions. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 6, ch. 23.――_Strabo_, bk. 4.
――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3.――_Livy_, bk. 38, ch. 16.
――_Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 11.――_Justin_, bk. 32.
=Tecum=, a river of Gaul falling from the Pyrenees into the
Mediterranean.
=Tedanius=, a river of Liburnia. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 21.
=Tĕgēa=, or =Tegæa=, now _Moklai_, a town of Arcadia in the
Peloponnesus, founded by Tegeates, a son of Lycaon, or, according
to others, by Aleus. The gigantic bones of Orestes were found buried
there and removed to Sparta. Apollo and Pan were worshipped there,
and there also Ceres, Proserpine, and Venus had each a temple. The
inhabitants were called _Tegeates_; and the epithet _Tegæa_ is given
to Atalanta, as a native of the place. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8,
fable 7; _Fasti_, bk. 6, li. 531.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 293.
――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 45, &c.
=Tegula Publius Licinius=, a comic poet who flourished B.C. 198.
=Tegyra=, a town of Bœotia where Apollo _Tegyrœus_ was worshipped.
There was a battle fought there between the Thebans and the
Peloponnesians.
=Teios.= _See:_ Teos.
=Teium=, a town of Paphlagonia on the Euxine sea.
=Tela=, a town of Spain.
=Tĕlămon=, a king of the island of Salamis, son of Æacus and Endeis. He
was brother to Peleus, and father to Teucer and to Ajax, who on that
account is often called _Telamonius heros_. He fled from Megara, his
native country, after he had accidentally murdered his brother Phocus
in playing with the quoit, and he sailed to the island of Salamis,
where he soon after married Glauce, the daughter of Cychreus the
king of the place. At the death of his father-in-law, who had no
male issue, Telamon became king of Salamis. He accompanied Jason
in his expedition to Colchis, and was arm-bearer to Hercules, when
that hero took Laomedon prisoner, and destroyed Troy. Telamon was
rewarded by Hercules for his services with the hand of Hesione, whom
the conqueror had obtained among the spoils of Troy, and with her he
returned to Greece. He also married Peribœa, whom some call Eribœa.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 151.――_Sophocles_, _Ajax_.
――_Pindar_, _Isthmean_, ch. 6.――_Statius_, _Thebaid_, bk. 6.
――_Apollodorus_, bks. 1, 2, &c.――_Pausanias_, _Corinthia_.――_Hyginus_,
fable 97, &c.――――A seaport town of Etruria. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.
=Telamoniădes=, a patronymic given to the descendants of Telamon.
=Telchīnes=, a people of Rhodes, said to have been originally from
Crete. They were the inventors of many useful arts, and, according
to Diodorus, passed for the sons of the sea. They were the first who
raised statues to the gods. They had the power of changing themselves
into whatever shape they pleased, and, according to Ovid, they could
poison and fascinate all objects with their eyes, and cause rain
and hail to fall at pleasure. The Telchinians insulted Venus, for
which the goddess inspired them with a sudden fury, so that they
committed the grossest crimes, and offered violence even to their own
mothers. Jupiter destroyed them all by a deluge. _Diodorus._――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 365, &c.
=Telchīnia=, a surname of Minerva at Teumessa in Bœotia, where she
had a temple. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 19.――――Also a surname of
Juno in Rhodes, where she had a statue at Ialysus raised by the
Telchinians, who settled there.――――Also an ancient name of Crete,
as the place from whence the Telchines of Rhodes were descended.
_Statius_, bk. 6, _Sylvæ_, poem 6, li. 47.
=Telchīnius=, a surname of Apollo among the Rhodians. _Diodorus_, bk. 5.
=Telchis=, a son of Europs the son of Ægialeus. He was one of the first
kings of the Peloponnesus.
=Telea=, a surname of Juno in Bœotia.
=Teleboæ=, or =Teleboes=, a people of Ætolia, called also _Taphians_;
some of whom left their native country, and settled in the island of
Capreæ. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 715. _See:_ Taphiæ.
=Teleboas=, a son of Ixion and the cloud. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 11.――――A son of Lycaon. _Apollodorus._
=Teleboides=, islands opposite Leucadia. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.
=Telĕcles=, or =Telĕclus=, a Lacedæmonian king of the family of the
Agidæ, who reigned 40 years, B.C. 813. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 205.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 2.――――A philosopher, disciple of Lacidas,
B.C. 214.――――A Milesian.
=Teleclīdes=, an Athenian comic poet in the age of Pericles, one of
whose plays, called the Amphictyon, is mentioned by ancient authors.
_Plutarch_, _Nicias_.――_Athenæus._
=Tēlĕgŏnus=, a son of Ulysses and Circe, born in the island of Ææa,
where he was educated. When arrived to the years of manhood, he went
to Ithaca to make himself known to his father, but he was shipwrecked
on the coast, and, being destitute of provisions, he plundered some
of the inhabitants of the island. Ulysses and Telemachus came to
defend the property of their subjects against this unknown invader; a
quarrel arose, and Telegonus killed his father without knowing who he
was. He afterwards returned to his native country, and, according to
Hyginus, he carried thither his father’s body, where it was buried.
Telemachus and Penelope also accompanied him in his return, and soon
after the nuptials of Telegonus and Penelope were celebrated by order
of Minerva. Penelope had by Telegonus a son called Italus, who gave
his name to Italy. Telegonus founded Tusculum and Tibur or Præneste,
in Italy, and, according to some, he left one daughter called Mamilia,
from whom the patrician family of the Mamilii at Rome were descended.
_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 29, li. 8.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bks. 3 & 4.
_Tristia_, bk. 1, poem 1.――_Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.――_Hyginus_,
fable 12.――_Diodorus_, bk. 7.――――A son of Proteus, killed by Hercules.
_Apollodorus._――――A king of Egypt, who married Io after she had been
restored to her original form by Jupiter. _Apollodorus._
=Tēlĕmăchus=, a son of Ulysses and Penelope. He was still in the cradle
when his father went with the rest of the Greeks to the Trojan war.
At the end of this celebrated war, Telemachus, anxious to see his
father, went to seek him, and as the place of his residence, and the
cause of his long absence, were then unknown, he visited the court
of Menelaus and Nestor to obtain information. He afterwards returned
to Ithaca, where the suitors of his mother Penelope had conspired to
murder him; but he avoided their snares, and by means of Minerva, he
discovered his father, who had arrived in the island two days before
him, and was then in the house of Eumæus. With this faithful servant
and Ulysses, Telemachus concerted how to deliver his mother from the
importunities of her suitors, and it was effected with success. After
the death of his father, Telemachus went to the island of Ææa, where
he married Circe, or, according to others, Cassiphone the daughter
of Circe, by whom he had a son called Latinus. He some time after had
the misfortune to kill his mother-in-law Circe, and fled to Italy,
where he founded Clusium. Telemachus was accompanied in his visit
to Nestor and Menelaus by the goddess of wisdom, under the form of
Mentor. It is said that, when a child, Telemachus fell into the sea,
and that a dolphin brought him safe to shore, after he had remained
some time under water. From this circumstance Ulysses had the
figure of a dolphin engraved on the seal which he wore on his ring.
_Hyginus_, fables 95 & 125.――_Ovid_, _Heroides_, poem 1, li. 98.
――_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 7, li. 41.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 2, &c.
――_Lycophron_, _Alexandra_.
=Telĕmus=, a Cyclops who was acquainted with futurity. He foretold
to Polyphemus all the evils which he some time after suffered from
Ulysses. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 771.
=Telephassa=, the mother of Cadmus, Phœnix, and Cilix by Agenor. She
died in Thrace, as she was seeking her daughter Europa, whom Jupiter
had carried away. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, chs. 1 & 4.