poet Ennius, who distinguished himself by his skill in painting, and
by his poetical talents. He wrote satires and tragedies which were
represented at Rome, and of some of which the names are preserved,
as Peribœa, Hermione, Atalanta, Ilione, Teucer, Antiope, &c. Orestes
was considered as the best finished performance; the style, however,
though rough and without either purity or elegance, deserved the
commendation of Cicero and Quintilian, who perceived strong rays
of genius and perfection frequently beaming through the clouds of
the barbarity and ignorance of the times. The poet in his old age
retired to Tarentum, where he died in his 90th year, about 131 years
before Christ. Of all his compositions about 437 scattered lines are
preserved in the collections of Latin poets. _Cicero_, _On Oratory_,
bk. 2; _Rhetorica ad Herennium_, bk. 2, ch. 27.――_Horace_, bk. 2,
ltr. 1, li. 56.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 10.
=Padæi=, an Indian nation, who devoured their sick before they died.
_Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 99.
=Padinum=, now _Bondeno_, a town on the Po, where it begins to branch
into different channels. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 15.
=Pădua=, a town called also _Patavium_, in the country of the Venetians,
founded by Antenor immediately after the Trojan war. It was the
native place of the historian Livy. The inhabitants were once so
powerful, that they could levy an army of 20,000 men. _Strabo_,
bk. 5.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 251.
=Padus= (now called the _Po_), a river in Italy, known also by the name
of _Eridanus_, which forms the northern boundary of the territories
of Italy. It rises in mount Vesulus, one of the highest mountains
of the Alps, and after it has collected in its course the waters of
above 30 rivers, discharges itself in an eastern direction into the
Adriatic sea by seven mouths, two of which only, the Plana or Volano,
and the Padusa, were formed by nature. It was formerly said that it
rolled gold dust in its sand, which was carefully searched by the
inhabitants. The consuls Caius Flaminius Nepos and Publius Furius
Philus were the first Roman generals who crossed it. The Po is famous
for the death of Phaeton, who, as the poets mention, was thrown down
there by the thunderbolts of Jupiter. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2,
li. 258, &c.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Lucan_, bk. 2, &c.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 680.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Pliny_, bk. 37, ch. 2.
=Padūsa=, the most southern mouth of the Po, considered by some writers
as the Po itself. _See:_ Padus. It was said to abound in swans, and
from it there was a cut to the town of Ravenna. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 11, li. 455.
=Pæan=, a surname of Apollo, derived from the word _pæan_, a hymn
which was sung in his honour, because he had killed the serpent
Python, which had given cause to the people to exclaim _Io Pæan!_ The
exclamation of Io Pæan! was made use of in speaking to the other gods,
as it often was a demonstration of joy. _Juvenal_, satire 6, li. 171.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 358; bk. 14, li. 720.――_Lucan_,
bk. 1, &c.――_Strabo_, bk. 18.
=Pædaretus=, a Spartan who, on not being elected in the number of
the 300 sent on an expedition, &c., declared that, instead of being
mortified, he rejoiced that 300 men better than himself could be
found in Sparta. _Plutarch_, _Lycurgus_.
=Pædius=, a lieutenant of Julius Cæsar in Spain, who proposed a law
to punish with death all such as were concerned in the murder of his
patron, &c.
=Pæmāni=, a people of Belgic Gaul, supposed to have dwelt in the
country at the west of Luxemburg. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 2, ch. 4.
=Pæon=, a Greek historian. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.――――A celebrated
physician who cured the wounds which the gods received during the
Trojan war. From him, physicians are sometimes called _Pæonii_, and
herbs serviceable in medicinal processes, _Pæoniæ herbæ_. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 769.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 535.
=Pæŏnes=, a people of Macedonia, who inhabited a small part of the
country called _Pæonia_. Some believe that they were descended from a
Trojan colony. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 1.――_Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 13,
&c.
♦=Pæŏnia=, a country of Macedonia at the west of the Strymon. It
received its name from Pæon, a son of Endymion, who settled there.
_Livy_, bk. 42, ch. 51; bk. 45, ch. 29.――――A small town of Attica.
♦ ‘Peŏnia’ replaced with ‘Pæŏnia’
=Pæŏnĭdes=, a name given to the daughters of Pierus, who were defeated
by the Muses, because their mother was a native of Pæonia. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, last fable.
=Pæos=, a small town of Arcadia.
=Pæsos=, a town of the Hellespont, called also _Apæsos_, situated
at the north of Lampsacus. When it was destroyed, the inhabitants
migrated to Lampsacus, where they settled. They were of Milesian
origin. _Strabo_, bk. 13.――_Homer_ _Iliad_, bk. 2.
=Pæstum=, a town of Lucania, called also _Neptunia_ and _Posidonia_
by the Greeks, where the soil produced roses which blossomed twice
a year. The ancient walls of the town, about three miles in extent,
are still standing, and likewise venerable remains of temples and
porticoes. The _Sinus Pæstanus_ on which it stood is now called the
gulf of _Salerno_. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 119.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 708; _ex Ponto_, bk. 2, poem 4, li. 28.
=Pætovium=, a town of Pannonia.
=Pætus Cæcinna=, the husband of Arria. _See:_ Arria.――――A governor of
Armenia, under Nero.――――A Roman who conspired with Catiline against
his country.――――A man drowned as he was going to Egypt to collect
money. _Propertius_, bk. 3, poem 7, li. 5.
=Pagæ=, a town of Megaris,――――of Locris. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 3.
=Păgăsæ=, or =Păgăsa=, a town of Magnesia, in Macedonia, with a harbour
and a promontory of the same name. The ship Argo was built there, as
some suppose, and, according to Propertius, the Argonauts set sail
from that harbour. From that circumstance not only the ship Argo,
but also the Argonauts themselves, were ever after distinguished by
the epithet of _Pagasæus_. Pliny confounds Pagasæ with Demetrias,
but they are different, and the latter was peopled by the inhabitants
of the former, who preferred the situation of Demetrias for its
conveniences. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 1; bk. 8, li. 349.
――_Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 715; bk. 6, li. 400.――_Mela_, bk. 2, chs. 3 & 7.
――_Strabo_, bk. 9.――_Propertius_, bk. 1, poem 20, li. 17.――_Pliny_,
bk. 4, ch. 8.――_Apollodorus Rhodius_, bk. 1, li. 238, &c.
=Păgăsus=, a Trojan killed by Camilla. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11,
li. 670.
=Pagræ=, a town of Syria, on the borders of Cilicia. _Strabo_, bk. 16.
=Pagus=, a mountain of Æolia. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 5.
=Palācium=, or =Palātium=, a town of the Thracian Chersonesus.――――A
small village on the Palatine hill, where Rome was afterwards built.
=Palæ=, a town at the south of Corsica, now _St. Bonifacio_.
=Palæa=, a town of Cyprus,――――of Cephallenia.
=Palæapŏlis=, a small island on the coast of Spain. _Strabo._
=Palæmon=, or =Palemon=, a sea deity, son of Athamas and Ino. His
original name was _Melicerta_, and he assumed that of Palæmon, after
he had been changed into a sea deity by Neptune. _See:_ Melicerta.
――――A noted grammarian at Rome in the age of Tiberius, who made
himself ridiculous by his arrogance and luxury. _Juvenal_, satire 6,
li. 451.――_Martial_, bk. 2, ltr. 86.――――A son of Neptune, who was
amongst the Argonauts. _Apollodorus._
=Palæpăphos=, the ancient town of Paphos in Cyprus, adjoining to the
new. _Strabo_, bk. 14.
=Palæpharsālus=, the ancient town of Pharsalus in Thessaly. _Cæsar_,
_Alexandrine War_, ch. 48.
=Palæphătus=, an ancient Greek philosopher, whose age is unknown,
though it can be ascertained that he flourished between the times
of Aristotle and Augustus. He wrote five books _de incredibilibus_,
of which only the first remains, and in it he endeavours to explain
fabulous and mythological traditions by historical facts. The best
edition of Palæphatus is that of Johann Friedrich Fischer, in 8vo,
Lipscomb, 1773.――――An heroic poet of Athens, who wrote a poem on the
creation of the world.――――A disciple of Aristotle, born at Abydos.
――――An historian of Egypt.
=Palepŏlis=, a town of Campania, built by a Greek colony, where Naples
afterwards was erected. _Livy_, bk. 8, ch. 22.
=Palæste=, a village of Epirus near Oricus, where Cæsar first landed
with his fleet. _Lucan_, bk. 5, li. 460.
=Palæstīna=, a province of Syria, &c. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 105.
――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 606.――_Strabo_, bk. 16.
=Palæstīnus=, an ancient name of the river Strymon.
=Palætyrus=, the ancient town of Tyre on the continent. _Strabo_,
bk. 16.
=Pălămēdes=, a Grecian chief, son of Nauplius king of Eubœa by Clymene.
He was sent by the Greek princes, who were going to the Trojan war,
to bring Ulysses to the camp, who, to withdraw himself from the
expedition, pretended insanity, and, the better to impose upon
his friends, used to harness different animals to a plough, and to
sow salt instead of barley into the furrows. The deceit was soon
perceived by Palamedes; he knew that the regret to part from his
wife Penelope, whom he had lately married, was the only reason of
the pretended insanity of Ulysses; and to demonstrate this, Palamedes
took Telemachus, whom Penelope had lately brought into the world,
and put him before the plough of his father. Ulysses showed that he
was not insane, by turning the plough a different way not to hurt
his child. This having been discovered, Ulysses was obliged to attend
the Greek princes to the war, but an immortal enmity arose between
Ulysses and Palamedes. The king of Ithaca resolved to take every
opportunity to distress him: and when all his expectations were
frustrated, he had the meanness to bribe one of his servants, and
to make him dig a hole in his master’s tent, and there conceal a
large sum of money. After this Ulysses forged a letter in Phrygian
characters, which king Priam was supposed to have sent to Palamedes.
In the letter the Trojan king seemed to entreat Palamedes to deliver
into his hands the Grecian army, according to the conditions which
had been previously agreed upon, when he received the money. This
forged letter was carried, by means of Ulysses, before the princes of
the Grecian army. Palamedes was summoned, and he made the most solemn
protestations of innocence. But all was in vain; the money that was
discovered in his tent served only to corroborate the accusation, and
he was found guilty by all the army, and stoned to death. Homer is
silent about the miserable fate of Palamedes, and Pausanias mentions
that it had been reported by some, that Ulysses and Diomedes had
drowned him in the sea as he was fishing on the coast. Philostratus,
who mentions the tragical story above related, adds that Achilles
and Ajax buried his body with great pomp on the sea-shore, and that
they raised upon it a small chapel, where sacrifices were regularly
offered by the inhabitants of Troas. Palamedes was a learned man as
well as a soldier, and, according to some, he completed the alphabet
of Cadmus by the addition of the four letters θ, ξ, χ, φ, during the
Trojan war. To him, also, is attributed the invention of dice and
backgammon; and it is said he was the first who regularly ranged an
army in a line of battle, and who placed sentinels round a camp, and
excited their vigilance and attention by giving them a watchword.
_Hyginus_, fables 95, 105, &c.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, &c.――_Dictys
Cretensis_, bk. 2, ch. 15.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, lis. 56
& 308.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 31.――_Marcus Manilius_, bk. 4, li.
205.――_Philostratus_, bk. 10, ch. 6.――_Euripides_, _Phœnician Women_.
――_Martial_, bk. 13, ltr. 75.――_Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 56.
=Palantia=, a town of Spain. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 6.
=Pălātīnus mons=, a celebrated hill, the largest of the seven hills
on which Rome was built. It was upon it that Romulus laid the first
foundation of the capital of Italy, in a quadrangular form, and there
also he kept his court, as well as Tullus Hostilius and Augustus,
and all the succeeding emperors, from which circumstance the word
_Palatium_ has ever since been applied to the residence of a monarch
or prince. The Palatine hill received its name from the goddess
_Pales_, or from the _Palatini_, who originally inhabited the place,
or from _balare_ or _palare_, the bleatings of sheep, which were
frequent there, or perhaps from the word _palantes_, wandering,
because Evander, when he came to settle in Italy, gathered all the
inhabitants, and made them all one society. There were some games
celebrated in honour of Augustus, and called Palatine, because kept
on the hill. _Dio Cassius_, bk. 53.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 12, li.
709.――_Livy_, bk. 1, chs. 7 & 33.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14,
li. 822.――_Juvenal_, satire 9, li. 23.――_Martial_, bk. 1, ltr. 71.
――_Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_, bk. 4, ch. 3.――_Cicero_, _Against
Catiline_, bk. 1.――――Apollo, who was worshipped on the Palatine hill,
was also called _Palatinus_. His temple there had been built, or
rather repaired, by Augustus, who had enriched it with a library,
valuable for the various collections of Greek and Latin manuscripts
which it contained, as also for the Sibylline books deposited there.
_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 3, li. 17.
=Palantium=, a town of Arcadia.
=Palēis=, or =Palæ=, a town in the island of Cephallenia. _Pausanias_,
bk. 6, ch. 15.
=Pales=, the goddess of sheepfolds and of pastures among the Romans.
She was worshipped with great solemnity at Rome, and her festivals,
called _Palilia_, were celebrated the very day that Romulus began to
lay the foundation of the city of Rome. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3,
lis. 1 & 294.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 722, &c.――_Paterculus_,
bk. 1, ch. 8.
=Palfurius Sura=, a writer, removed from the senate by Domitian, who
suspected him of attachment to Vitellius, &c. _Juvenal_, satire 4,
li. 53.
=Palibothra=, a city of India, supposed now to be _Patna_, or,
according to others, _Allahabad_. _Strabo_, bk. 15.
=Palīci=, or =Palisci=, two deities, sons of Jupiter by Thalia, whom
Æschylus calls Ætna, in a tragedy which is now lost, according to
the words of Macrobius. The nymph Ætna, when pregnant, entreated
her lover to remove her from the pursuit of Juno. The god concealed
her in the bowels of the earth, and when the time of her delivery
was come, the earth opened, and brought into the world two children,
who received the name of Palici, ἀπο του παλιν ἰκεσθαι, _because
they came again into the world from the bowels of the earth_. These
deities were worshipped with great ceremonies by the Sicilians, and
near their temple were two small lakes of sulphureous water, which
were supposed to have sprung out of the earth at the same time that
they were born. Near these pools it was usual to take the most solemn
oaths, by those who wished to decide controversies and quarrels. If
any of the persons who took the oaths perjured themselves, they were
immediately punished in a supernatural manner; and those whose oath,
by the deities of the place, was sincere, departed unhurt. The Palici
had also an oracle, which was consulted upon great emergencies,
and which rendered the truest and most unequivocal answers. In
a superstitious age, the altars of the Palici were stained with
the blood of human sacrifices, but this barbarous custom was soon
abolished, and the deities were satisfied with their usual offerings.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 585.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5,
li. 506.――_Diodorus_, bk. 2.――_Macrobius_, _Saturnalia_, bk. 5,
ch. 10.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14, li. 219.
=Palīlia=, a festival celebrated by the Romans, in honour of the
goddess Pales. The ceremony consisted in burning heaps of straw, and
leaping over them. No sacrifices were offered, but the purifications
were made with the smoke of horses’ blood, and with the ashes of a
calf that had been taken from the belly of his mother, after it had
been sacrificed, and with the ashes of beans. The purification of
the flocks was also made with the smoke of sulphur, of the olive, the
pine, the laurel, and the rosemary. Offerings of mild cheese, boiled
wine, and cakes of millet, were afterwards made to the goddess. This
festival was observed on the 21st of April, and it was during the
celebration that Romulus first began to build his city. Some call
this festival Parilia _quasi a pariendo_, because the sacrifices were
offered to the divinity for the fecundity of the flocks. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 774; _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 721, &c.; bk. 6,
li. 257.――_Propertius_, bk. 4, poem 1, li. 19.――_Tibullus_, bk. 2,
poem 5, li. 87.
=Pălĭnūrus=, a skilful pilot of the ship of Æneas. He fell into the
sea in his sleep, and was three days exposed to the tempests and the
waves of the sea, and at last came safe to the sea-shore near Velia,
where the cruel inhabitants of the place murdered him to obtain
his clothes. His body was left unburied on the sea-shore, and as,
according to the religion of the ancient Romans, no person was
suffered to cross the Stygian lake before 100 years were elapsed,
if his remains had not been decently buried, we find Æneas, when he
visited the infernal regions, speaking to Palinurus, and assuring
him, that though his bones were deprived of a funeral, yet the place
were his body was exposed should soon be adorned with a monument and
bear his name, and accordingly a promontory was called Palinurus, now
_Palinuro_. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 513; bk. 5, li. 840, &c.;
bk. 6, li. 341.――_Ovid_, _de Remedia Amoris_, li. 577.――_Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 4.――_Strabo._――_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 4, li. 28.
=Paliscōrum=, or =Palīcōrum stagnum=, a sulphureous pool in Sicily.
_See:_ Palici.
=Paliurus=, now _Nahil_, a river of Africa, with a town of the same
name at its mouth, at the west of Egypt, on the Mediterranean.
_Strabo_, bk. 17.
=Pallădes=, certain virgins of illustrious parents, who were consecrated
to Jupiter by the Thebans of Egypt. It was required that they should
prostitute themselves, an infamous custom which was considered as a
purification, during which they were publicly mourned, and afterwards
they were permitted to marry. _Strabo_, bk. 17.
=Pallădium=, a celebrated statue of Pallas. It was about three cubits
high, and represented the goddess as sitting and holding a pike in
her right hand, and in her left a distaff and a spindle. It fell
down from heaven near the tent of Ilus, as that prince was building
the citadel of Ilium. Some, nevertheless, suppose that it fell at
Pessinus in Phrygia, or, according to others, Dardanus received it
as a present from his mother Electra. There are some authors who
maintain that the Palladium was made with the bones of Pelops by
Abaris; but Apollodorus seems to say that it was no more than a piece
of clock-work, which moved of itself. However discordant the opinions
of ancient authors be about this famous statue, it is universally
agreed that on its preservation depended the safety of Troy. This
fatality was well known to the Greeks during the Trojan war, and
therefore Ulysses and Diomedes were commissioned to steal it away.
They effected their purpose; and if we rely upon the authority of
some authors, they were directed how to carry it away by Helenus the
son of Priam, who proved in this unfaithful to his country, because
his brother Deiphobus, at the death of Paris, had married Helen, of
whom he was enamoured. Minerva was displeased with the violence which
was offered to her statue, and, according to Virgil, the Palladium
itself appeared to have received life and motion, and by the flashes
which started from its eyes, and its sudden springs from the earth,
it seemed to show the resentment of the goddess. The true Palladium,
as some authors observe, was not carried away from Troy by the Greeks,
but only one of the statues of similar size and shape, which were
placed near it, to deceive whatever sacrilegious persons attempted
to steal it. The Palladium, therefore, as they say, was conveyed
safe from Troy to Italy by Æneas, and it was afterwards preserved by
the Romans with the greatest secrecy and veneration, in the temple
of Vesta, a circumstance which none but the vestal virgins knew.
_Herodian_, bk. 1, ch. 14, &c.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 6, li. 442, &c.;
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 336.――_Dictys Cretensis_, bk. 1, ch. 5.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1,
&c.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 10.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 166; bk.
9, li. 151.――_Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.――_Lucan_, bk. 9.――_Dares
Phrygius._――_Juvenal_, satire 3, li. 139.
=Palladius=, a Greek physician, whose treatise on fevers was edited 8vo,
Leiden, 1745.――――A learned Roman under Adrian, &c.
=Pallantēum=, a town of Italy, or perhaps more properly a citadel
built by Evander, on mount Palatine, from whence its name originates.
Virgil says it was called after Pallas the grandfather of Evander;
but Dionysius derives its name from Palantium, a town of Arcadia.
_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1, ch. 31.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 8, lis. 54 & 341.
=Pallantia=, a town of _Spain_, now _Palencia_, on the river Cea.
_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 6.
=Pallantias=, a patronymic of Aurora, as being related to the giant
Pallas. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, fable 12.
=Pallantides=, the 50 sons of Pallas the son of Pandion and the brother
of Ægeus. They were all killed by Theseus the son of Ægeus, whom they
opposed when he came to take possession of his father’s kingdom. This
opposition they showed in hopes of succeeding to the throne, as Ægeus
left no children except Theseus, whose legitimacy was even disputed,
as he was born at Trœzene. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1,
ch. 22.
=Pallas= (ădis), a daughter of Jupiter, the same as Minerva. The
goddess received this name either because she killed the giant
_Pallas_, or perhaps from the spear which she seems to _brandish_ in
her hands (παλλειν). For the functions, power, and character of the
goddess, _See:_ Minerva.
=Pallas= (antis), a son of king Evander, sent with some troops to
assist Æneas. He was killed by Turnus the king of the Rutuli, after
he had made a great slaughter of the enemy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8,
li. 104, &c.――――One of the giants, son of Tartarus and Terra. He was
killed by Minerva, who covered herself with his skin, whence, as some
suppose, she is called Pallas. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――――A
son of Crius and Eurybia, who married the nymph Styx, by whom he had
Victory, Valour, &c. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_.――――A son of Lycaon.――――A
son of Pandion, father of Clytus and Butes. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 7, fable 17.――_Apollodorus._――――A freedman of Claudius, famous
for the power and the riches he obtained. He advised the emperor,
his master, to marry Agrippina, and to adopt her son Nero for
his successor. It was by his means, and those of Agrippina, that
the death of Claudius was hastened, and that Nero was raised to
the throne. Nero forgot to whom he was indebted for the crown. He
discarded Pallas, and some time after caused him to be put to death,
that he might make himself master of his great riches, A.D. 61.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 53.
=Pallēne=, a small peninsula of Macedonia, formerly called _Phlegra_,
situate above the bay of Thermæ on the Ægean sea, and containing
five cities, the principal of which is called Pallene. It was in this
place, according to some of the ancients, that an engagement happened
between the gods and the giants. _Livy_, bk. 31, ch. 45; bk. 45, ch.
30.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 391.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 15, li. 357.――――A village of Attica, where Minerva had a temple,
and where the Pallantides chiefly resided. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, chs. 1,
161.――_Plutarch_, _Theseus_.
=Pallenses=, a people of Cephallenia, whose chief town was called Pala
or Palæa. _Livy_, bk. 38, ch. 18.――_Polybius_, bk. 3, ch. 3.
=Palma=, a governor of Syria.
=Palmaria=, a small island opposite Tarracina in Latium. _Pliny_, bk. 3,
ch. 6.