he would resume his arms to fight against the Trojans. This place is
famous in history, as having supported a siege of 11 years against
the Lacedæmonians. Its capture, B.C. 671, put an end to the second
Messenian war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 9, lis. 150 & 292.――_Strabo_,
bk. 7.
=Irenæus=, a native of Greece, disciple of Polycarp, and bishop
of Lyons in France. He wrote on different subjects; but, as what
remains is in Latin, some suppose that he composed in that language,
and not in the Greek. Fragments of his works in Greek are, however,
preserved, which prove that his style was simple, though clear and
often animated. His opinions concerning the soul are curious. He
suffered martyrdom, A.D. 202. The best edition of his works is that
of Grabe, Oxford, folio, 1702.
=Irēne=, a daughter of Cratinus the painter. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.
――――One of the seasons among the Greeks, called by the moderns Horæ.
Her two sisters were Dia and Eunomia, all daughters of Jupiter and
Themis. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 3.
=Iresus=, a delightful spot in Libya, near Cyrene, where Battus
fixed his residence. The Egyptians were once defeated there by the
inhabitants of Cyrene. _Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 158, &c.
=Iris=, a daughter of Thaumas and Electra, one of the Oceanides,
messenger of the gods, and more particularly of Juno. Her office
was to cut the thread which seemed to detain the soul in the body
of those that were expiring. She is the same as the rainbow, and,
from that circumstance, she is represented with wings, with all the
variegated and beautiful colours of the rainbow, and appears sitting
behind Juno ready to execute her commands. She is likewise described
as supplying the clouds with water to deluge the world. _Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 266.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 271 _et
seq._; bk. 4, li. 481; bk. 10, li. 585.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4,
li. 694.――――A river of Asia Minor, rising in Cappadocia, and falling
into the Euxine sea. _Flaccus_, bk. 5, li. 121.――――A river of Pontus.
=Irus=, a beggar of Ithaca, who executed the commissions of Penelope’s
suitors. When Ulysses returned home, disguised in a beggar’s dress,
Irus hindered him from entering the gates, and even challenged
him. Ulysses brought him to the ground with a blow, and dragged
him out of the house. From his poverty originates the proverb,
_Iro pauperior_. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 8, lis. 1 & 35.――_Ovid_,
_Tristia_, bk. 3, poem 7, li. 42.――――A mountain of India.
=Is=, a small river falling into the Euphrates. Its waters abound with
bitumen. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 179.――――A small town on the river
of the same name. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 179.
=Isădas=, a Spartan, who, upon seeing the Thebans entering the city,
stripped himself naked, and with a spear and sword engaged the enemy.
He was rewarded with a crown for his valour. _Plutarch._
=Isæa=, one of the Nereides.
=Isæus=, an orator of Chalcis, in Eubœa, who came to Athens, and
became there the pupil of Lysias, and soon after the master
of Demosthenes. Some suppose that he reformed the dissipation
and imprudence of his early years by frugality and temperance.
Demosthenes imitated him in preference to Isocrates, because he
studied force and energy of expression rather than floridness of
style. Ten of his 64 orations are extant. _Juvenal_, satire 3,
li. 74.――_Plutarch_, _Lives of the Ten Orators_.――_Demosthenes._
――――Another Greek orator, who came to Rome, A.D. 17. He is greatly
recommended by Pliny the younger, who observes that he always spoke
extempore, and wrote with elegance, unlaboured ease, and great
correctness.
=Isamus=, a river of India.
=Isander=, a son of Bellerophon, killed in the war which his father
made against the Solymi. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 6.
=Isāpis=, a river of Umbria. _Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 406.
=Isar= and =Isara=, the _Isore_, a river of Gaul, where Fabius routed
the Allobroges. It rises at the east of Savoy, and falls into the
Rhone near Valence. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 4.――_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 399.
――――Another called the Oyse, which falls into the Seine below Paris.
=Isar= and =Isæus=, a river of Vindelicia. _Strabo_, bk. 4.
=Isarchus=, an Athenian archon, B.C. 424.
=Isaura= (a, or orum), the chief town of Isauria. _Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 27.
=Isauria=, a country of Asia Minor, near mount Taurus, whose
inhabitants were bold and warlike. The Roman emperors, particularly
Probus and Gallus, made war against them and conquered them.
_Florus_, bk. 3, ch. 6.――_Strabo._――_Cicero_, bk. 15, _Letters to
his Friends_, ltr. 2.
=Isaurĭcus=, a surname of Publius Servilius, from his conquests over
the Isaurians. _Ovid_, bk. 1, _Fasti_, li. 594.――_Cicero_, bk. 5,
_Letters to Atticus_, ltr. 21.
=Isaurus=, a river of Umbria, falling into the Adriatic.――――Another in
Magna Græcia. _Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 406.
=Ischenia=, an annual festival at Olympia, in honour of Ischenus the
grandson of Mercury and Hiera, who, in a time of famine, devoted
himself for his country, and was honoured with a monument near
Olympia.
=Ischolaus=, a brave and prudent general of Sparta, &c. _Polyænus._
=Ischomăchus=, a noble athlete of Crotona, about the consulship of
Marcus Valerius and Publius Posthumius.
=Ischopŏlis=, a town of Pontus.
=Iscia.= _See:_ Œnotrides.
=Isdegerdes=, a king of Persia, appointed by the will of Arcadius,
guardian to Theodosius II. He died in his 31st year, A.D. 408.
=Isia=, certain festivals observed in honour of Isis, which continued
nine days. It was usual to carry vessels full of wheat and barley,
as the goddess was supposed to be the first who taught mankind the
use of corn. These festivals were adopted by the Romans, among whom
they soon degenerated into licentiousness. They were abolished by a
decree of the senate, A.U.C. 696. They were introduced again, about
200 years after, by Commodus.
=Isiacōrum portus=, a harbour on the shore of the Euxine, near Dacia.
=Isidōrus=, a native of Charax, in the age of Ptolemy Lagus, who wrote
some historical treatises, besides a description of Parthia.――――A
disciple of Chrysostom, called _Pelusiota_, from his living in Egypt.
Of his epistles 2012 remain written in Greek, with conciseness
and elegance. The best edition is that of Paris, folio, 1638.――――A
christian Greek writer, who flourished in the seventh century. He is
surnamed _Hispalensis_. His works have been edited, folio, de Breul,
Paris, 1601.
=Isis=, a celebrated deity of the Egyptians, daughter of Saturn and
Rhea, according to Diodorus of Sicily. Some suppose her to be the
same as Io, who was changed into a cow, and restored to her human
form in Egypt, where she taught agriculture, and governed the people
with mildness and equity, for which reason she received divine
honours after death. According to some traditions mentioned by
Plutarch, Isis married her brother Osiris, and was pregnant by
him even before she had left her mother’s womb. These two ancient
deities, as some authors observe, comprehended all nature, and all
the gods of the heathens. Isis was the Venus of Cyprus, the Minerva
of Athens, the Cybele of the Phrygians, the Ceres of Eleusis, the
Proserpine of Sicily, the Diana of Crete, the Bellona of the Romans,
&c. Osiris and Isis reigned conjointly in Egypt; but the rebellion
of Typhon the brother of Osiris proved fatal to this sovereign.
_See:_ Osiris and Typhon. The ox and cow were the symbols of Osiris
and Isis, because these deities, while on earth, had diligently
applied themselves in cultivating the earth. _See:_ Apis. As Isis
was supposed to be the moon, and Osiris the sun, she was represented
as holding a globe in her hand, with a vessel full of ears of corn.
The Egyptians believed that the yearly and regular inundations of
the Nile proceeded from the abundant tears which Isis shed for the
loss of Osiris, whom Typhon had basely murdered. The word _Isis_,
according to some, signifies _ancient_, and, on that account, the
inscriptions on the statues of the goddess were often in these words:
_I am all that has been, that shall be, and none among mortals has
hitherto taken off my veil_. The worship of Isis was universal in
Egypt; the priests were obliged to observe perpetual chastity, their
head was closely shaved, and they always walked barefooted, and
clothed themselves in linen garments. They never ate onions, they
abstained from salt with their meat, and were forbidden to eat the
flesh of sheep and of hogs. During the night they were employed in
continual devotion near the statue of the goddess. Cleopatra the
beautiful queen of Egypt was wont to dress herself like this goddess,
and affected to be called a second Isis. _Cicero_, _De Divinatione_,
bk. 1.――_Plutarch_, _De Iside et Osiride_.――_Diodorus_, bk. 1.
――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1.――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 59.
――_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 831.
=Ismărus= (Ismăra, plural), a rugged mountain of Thrace, covered with
vines and olives, near the Hebrus, with a town of the same name. Its
wines are excellent. The word _Ismarius_ is indiscriminately used
for Thracian. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 9.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk.
2, li. 37; _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 351.――――A Theban, son of Astacus.
――――A son of Eumolpus. _Apollodorus._――――A Lydian who accompanied
Æneas to Italy, and fought with great vigour against the Rutuli.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 139.
=Ismēne=, a daughter of Œdipus and Jocasta, who, when her sister
Antigone had been condemned to be buried alive by Creon, for giving
burial to her brother Polynices against the tyrant’s positive orders,
declared herself as guilty as her sister, and insisted upon being
equally punished with her. This instance of generosity was strongly
opposed by Antigone, who wished not to see her sister involved in
her calamities. _Sophocles_, _Antigone_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch.
5.――――A daughter of the river Asopus, who married the hundred-eyed
Argus, by whom she had Jasus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 2.
=Ismēnias=, a celebrated musician of Thebes. When he was taken
prisoner by the Scythians, Atheas the king of the country observed
that he liked the music of Ismenias better than the braying of an
ass. _Plutarch_, _Apophthegmata Laconica_.――――A Theban, bribed by
Timocrates of Rhodes, that he might use his influence to prevent the
Athenians and some other Grecian states from assisting Lacedæmon,
against which Xerxes was engaged in war. _Pausanias_, bk. 3,
ch. 9.――――A Theban general, sent to Persia with an embassy by
his countrymen. As none were admitted into the king’s presence
without prostrating themselves at his feet, Ismenias had recourse
to artifice to avoid doing an action which would have proved
disgraceful to his country. When he was introduced he dropped
his ring, and the motion he made to recover it from the ground
was mistaken for the most submissive homage, and Ismenias had a
satisfactory audience of the monarch.――――A river of Bœotia, falling
into the Euripus, where Apollo had a temple, from which he was
called _Ismenius_. A youth was yearly chosen by the Bœotians to
be the priest of the god, an office to which Hercules was once
appointed. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 10.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_
bk. 2.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.
=Ismenĭdes=, an epithet applied to the Theban women, as being near the
Ismenus, a river of Bœotia. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 31.
=Ismenius=, a surname of Apollo at Thebes, where he had a temple on
the borders of the Ismenus.
=Ismēnus=, a son of Apollo and Melia, one of the Nereides, who gave
his name to the Ladon, a river of Bœotia, near Thebes, falling into
the Asopus, and thence into the Euripus. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 10.
――――A son of Asopus and Metope. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――――A
son of Amphion and Niobe, killed by Apollo. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 5.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, fable 6.
=Isŏcrătes=, a celebrated orator, son of Theodorus, a rich musical
instrument maker at Athens. He was taught in the schools of Georgias
and Prodicus, but his oratorical abilities were never displayed in
public, and Isocrates was prevented by an unconquerable timidity
from speaking in the popular assemblies. He opened a school of
eloquence at Athens, where he distinguished himself by the number,
character, and fame of his pupils, and by the immense riches which
he amassed. He was intimate with Philip of Macedon, and regularly
corresponded with him; and to his familiarity with that monarch the
Athenians were indebted for some of the few peaceful years which
they passed. The aspiring ambition of Philip, however, displeased
Isocrates, and the defeat of the Athenians at Cheronæa had such an
effect upon his spirits, that he did not survive the disgrace of
his country, but died, after he had been four days without taking
any aliment, in the 99th year of his age, about 338 years before
Christ. Isocrates has always been much admired for the sweetness and
graceful simplicity of his style, for the harmony of his expressions,
and the dignity of his language. The remains of his orations extant
inspire the world with the highest veneration for his abilities as
a moralist, an orator, and, above all, as a man. His merit, however,
is lessened by those who accuse him of plagiarism from the works of
Thucydides, Lysias, and others, seen particularly in his panegyric.
He was so studious of correctness, that his lines are sometimes
poetry. The severe conduct of the Athenians against Socrates highly
displeased him, and, in spite of all the undeserved unpopularity
of that great philosopher, he put on mourning the day of his death.
About 31 of his orations are extant. Isocrates was honoured after
death with a brazen serpent by Timotheus, one of his pupils, and
Aphareus his adopted son. The best editions of Isocrates are that of
Battie, 2 vols., 8vo, Cambridge, 1729, and that of Auger, 3 vols.,
8vo, Paris, 1782. _Plutarch_, _Lives of the Ten Orators_, &c.
――_Cicero_, _Orator_, ch. 20; _De Inventione_, bk. 2, ch. 126;
_Brutus_, ch. 15; _On Oratory_, bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Quintilian_, bk. 2,
&c.――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 16.――――One of the officers of the
Peloponnesian fleet, &c. _Thucydides._――――One of the disciples of
Isocrates.――――A rhetorician of Syria, enemy to the Romans, &c.
=Issa=, now _Lissa_, an island in the Adriatic sea, on the coast of
Dalmatia.――――A town of Illyricum. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Strabo_,
bk. 1, &c.――_Marcellinus_, bk. 26, ch. 25.
=Isse=, a daughter of Macareus the son of Lycaon. She was beloved
by Apollo, who, to obtain her confidence, changed himself into the
form of a shepherd, to whom she was attached. This metamorphosis
of Apollo was represented on the web of Arachne. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, li. 124.
=Issus=, now _Aisse_, a town of Cilicia, on the confines of Syria,
famous for a battle fought there between Alexander the Great and
the Persians under Darius their king, in October, B.C. 333, in
consequence of which it was called _Nicopolis_. In this battle
the Persians lost, in the field of battle, 100,000 foot and 10,000
horse, and the Macedonians only 300 foot and 150 horse, according to
Diodorus Siculus. The Persian army, according to Justin, consisted
of 400,000 foot and 100,000 horse, and 61,000 of the former and 10,
000 of the latter were left dead on the spot, and 40,000 were taken
prisoners. The loss of the Macedonians, as he further adds, was
no more than 130 foot and 150 horse. According to Curtius, the
Persians slain amounted to 100,000 foot and 10,000 horse; and those
of Alexander to 32 foot and 150 horse killed, and 504 wounded. This
spot is likewise famous for the defeat of Niger by Severus, A.D. 194.
_Plutarch_, _Alexander_.――_Justin_, bk. 11, ch. 9.――_Curtius_, bk. 3,
ch. 7.――_Arrian._――_Diodorus_, bk. 17.――_Cicero_, bk. 5, _Letters to
Atticus_, ltr. 20; _Letters to his Friends_, bk. 2, ltr. 10.
=Ister= and =Istrus=, an historian, disciple to Callimachus. _Diogenes
Laërtius._――――A large river of Europe, falling into the Euxine sea,
called also the _Danube_. _See:_ Danubius.――――A son of Ægyptus.
_Apollodorus._
=Isthmia=, sacred games among the Greeks, which received their names
from the Isthmus of Corinth, where they were observed. They were
celebrated in commemoration of Melicerta, who was changed into a sea
deity, when his mother Ino had thrown herself into the sea with him
in her arms. The body of Melicerta, according to some traditions,
when cast upon the sea-shore, received an honourable burial, in
memory of which the Isthmian games were instituted, B.C. 1326.
They were interrupted after they had been celebrated with great
regularity during some years, and Theseus at last reinstituted them
in honour of Neptune, whom he publicly called his father. These
games were observed every third, or rather fifth, year, and held so
sacred and inviolable that even a public calamity could not prevent
the celebration. When Corinth was destroyed by Mummius the Roman
general, they were observed with the usual solemnity, and the
Sicyonians were entrusted with the superintendence, which had been
before one of the privileges of the ruined Corinthians. Combats
of every kind were exhibited, and the victors were rewarded with
garlands of pine leaves. Some time after the custom was changed, and
the victor received a crown of dry and withered parsley. The years
were reckoned by the celebration of the Isthmian games, as among
the Romans from the consular government. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 44;
bk. 2, chs. 1 & 2.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 5.――_Plutarch_, _Theseus_.
=Isthmius=, a king of Messenia, &c. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 3.
=Isthmus=, a small neck of land which joins one country to another,
and prevents the sea from making them separate, such as that of
Corinth, called often the Isthmus by way of eminence, which joins
Peloponnesus to Greece. Nero attempted to cut it across and make a
communication between the two seas, but in vain. It is now called
_Hexamili_. _Strabo_, bk. 1.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――_Pliny_, bk. 4,
ch. 4.――_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 101.
=Istiæotis=, a country of Greece, near Ossa. _See:_ Histiæotis.
=Istria=, a province at the west of Illyricum, at the top of the
Adriatic sea, whose inhabitants were originally pirates, and lived
on plunder. They were not subjected to Rome till six centuries after
the foundation of that city. _Strabo_, bk. 1.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.
――_Livy_, bk. 10, &c.――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 19.――_Justin_, bk. 9,
ch. 2.
=Istropŏlis=, a city of Thrace near the mouth of the Ister, founded by
a Milesian colony. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.
=Isus= and =Antĭphus=, sons of Priam, the latter by Hecuba, and the
former by a concubine. They were seized by Achilles, as they fed
their father’s flocks on mount Ida; but they were redeemed by Priam,
and fought against the Greeks. They were both killed by Agamemnon.
_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11.――――A city of Bœotia. _Strabo_, bk. 9.
=Itălia=, a celebrated country of Europe, bounded by the Adriatic and
Tyrrhene seas, and by the Alpine mountains. It has been compared,
and with some similitude, to a man’s leg. It has borne, at different
periods, the different names of Saturnia, Œnotria, Hesperia,
Ausonia, and Tyrrhenia, and it received the name of Italy either
from Italus, a king of the country, or from Italos, a Greek word
which signifies _an ox_, an animal very common in that part of
Europe. The boundaries of Italy appear to have been formed by nature
itself, which seems to have been particularly careful in supplying
this country with whatever may contribute not only to the support,
but also to the pleasures and luxuries of life. It has been called
the garden of Europe; and the panegyric which Pliny bestows upon it
seems not in any degree exaggerated. The ancient inhabitants called
themselves _Aborigines_, offspring of the soil, and the country
was soon after peopled by colonies from Greece. The Pelasgi and the
Arcadians made settlements there, and the whole country was divided
into as many different governments as there were towns, till the
rapid increase of the Roman power [_See:_ Roma] changed the face
of Italy, and united all its states in support of one common cause.
Italy has been the mother of arts as well as of arms, and the
immortal monuments which remain of the eloquence and poetical
abilities of its inhabitants are universally known. It was divided
into 11 small provinces or regions by Augustus, though sometimes
known under the three greater divisions of Cisalpine Gaul, Italy
properly so called, and Magna Græcia. The sea above was called
_Superum_, and that at the south _Inferum_. _Ptolemy_, bk. 3, ch. 1.
――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus._――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Justin_, bk. 4,
&c.――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Dion_, _Alcibiades_, &c.――_Livy_, bk. 1,
ch. 2, &c.――_Varro_, _de Re Rustica_, bk. 2, chs. 1 & 5.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 1, &c.――_Polybius_, bk. 2.――_Florus_, bk. 2.――_Ælian_,
_Varia Historia_, bk. 1, ch. 16.――_Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 397, &c.
――_Pliny_, bk. 3, chs. 5 & 8.
=Italĭca=, a town of Italy, called also Corfinium.――――A town of Spain,
now _Sevilla la Vieja_, built by Scipio for the accommodation of his
wounded soldiers. _Aulus Gellius_, bk. 16, ch. 13.――_Appian_, _Wars
in Spain_.
=Italĭcus=, a poet. _See:_ Silius Italicus.
=Itălus=, a son of Telegonus. _Hyginus_, fable 127.――――An Arcadian
prince, who came to Italy, where he established a kingdom, called
after him. It is supposed that he received divine honours after
death, as Æneas calls upon him among the deities to whom he paid his
adoration when he entered Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 178.
――――A prince, whose daughter Roma by his wife Leucaria is said to
have married Æneas or Ascanius. _Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――――A king of
the Cherusci, &c. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 1, ch. 16.
=Itargris=, a river of Germany.
=Itea=, a daughter of Danaus. _Hyginus_, fable 170.
=Itemales=, an old man who exposed Œdipus on mount Cithæron, &c.
_Hyginus_, fable 65.
=Ithăca=, a celebrated island in the Ionian sea, on the western parts
of Greece, with a city of the same name, famous for being part of
the kingdom of Ulysses. It is very rocky and mountainous, measures
about 25 miles in circumference, and is now known by the name of
_Isola del Compare_, or _Thiachi_. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2, li. 139;
_Odyssey_, bk. 1, li. 186; bk. 4, li. 601; bk. 9, li. 20.――_Strabo_,
bks. 1 & 8.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.
=Ithacesiæ=, three islands opposite Vibo, on the coast of the Brutii.
――――Baiæ was called also _Ithacesiæ_, because built by Bajus the
pilot of Ulysses. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 540; bk. 12, li. 113.
=Ithobălus=, a king of Tyre, who died B.C. 595. _Josephus._
=Ithōme=, a town of Phthiotis. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.――――Another of
Messenia, which surrendered, after 10 years’ siege, to Lacedæmon,
724 years before the christian era. Jupiter was call _Ithomates_,
from a temple which he had there, where games were also celebrated,
and the conqueror rewarded with an oaken crown. _Pausanias_, bk. 4,
ch. 32.――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 4, li. 179.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.
=Ithomaia=, a festival in which musicians contended, observed at
Ithome, in honour of Jupiter, who had been nursed by the nymphs
Ithome and Neda, the former of whom gave her name to a city, and
the latter to a river.
=Ithyphallus=, an obscene name of Priapus. _Columella_, bk. 10.
――_Diodorus_, bk. 1.
=Itius Portus=, a town of Gaul, now Wetsand, or Boulogne, in Picardy.
Cæsar set sail from thence on his passage into Britain. _Cæsar_,
_Gallic War_, bk. 4, ch. 21; bk. 5, chs. 2 & 5.
=Itōnia=, a surname of Minerva, from a place in Bœotia, where she was
worshipped.
=Itōnus=, a king of Thessaly, son of Deucalion, who first invented the
manner of polishing metals. _Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 402.
=Ituna=, a river of Britain, now Eden, in Cumberland.
=Itūræa=, a country of Palestine, whose inhabitants were very skilful
in drawing the bow. _Lucan_, bk. 7, lis. 230 & 514.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 448.――_Strabo_, bk. 17.
=Itūrum=, a town of Umbria.
=Ity̆lus=, a son of Zetheus and Ædon, killed by his mother. _See:_
Ædon. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 19, li. 462.
=Ityræi=, a people of Palestine. _See:_ Ituræa.