joined to the city by Ancus Martius, and made a kind of citadel,
to protect the place against an invasion. This hill [_See:_ Janus],
which was on the opposite shore of the Tiber, was joined to the city
by the bridge Sublicius, the first ever built across the river, and
perhaps in Italy. It was less inhabited than the other parts of the
city, on account of the grossness of the air, though from its top
the eye could have a commanding view of the whole city. It is famous
for the burial of king Numa and of the poet Italicus. Porsenna king
of Etruria pitched his camp on mount Janiculum, and the senators
took refuge there in the civil wars, to avoid the resentment of
Octavius. _Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 33, &c.――_Dio Cassius_, bk. 47.――_Ovid_,
bk. 1, _Fasti_, li. 246.――_Virgil_, _[Aeneid]_, bk. 8, li. 358.
――_Martial_, bk. 4, ltr. 64; bk. 7, ltr. 16.
=Ianīra=, one of the Nereides.
=Ianthe=, a girl of Crete, who married Iphis. _See:_ Iphis. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, li. 714, &c.
=Ianthea=, one of the Oceanides.――――One of the Nereides. _Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 30.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 8, li. 47.
=Jānus=, the most ancient king who reigned in Italy. He was a native
of Thessaly, and son of Apollo, according to some. He came to Italy,
where he planted a colony and built a small town on the river Tiber,
which he called Janiculum. Some authors make him son of Cœlus and
Hecate; and others make him a native of Athens. During his reign,
Saturn, driven from heaven by his son Jupiter, came to Italy, where
Janus received him with much hospitality, and made him his colleague
on the throne. Janus is represented with two faces, because he was
acquainted with the past and the future; or, according to others,
because he was taken for the sun, who opens the day at his rising,
and shuts it at his setting. Some statues represented Janus with
four heads. He sometimes appeared with a beard, and sometimes
without. In religious ceremonies, his name was always invoked the
first, because he presides over all gates and avenues, and it is
through him only that prayers can reach the immortal gods. From that
circumstance he often appears with a key in his right hand, and a
rod in his left. Sometimes he holds the number of 300 in one hand,
and in the other 65, to show that he presides over the year, of
which the first month bears his name. Some suppose that he is the
same as the world, or Cœlus; and from that circumstance they call
him Eanus, _ab eundo_, because of the revolution of the heavens. He
was called by different names, such as _Consivius_, _a conserendo_,
because he presided over generation; _Quirinus_ or _Martialis_,
because he presided over war. He is also called _Patuleius_ and
_Clausius_, because the gates of his temples were open during the
time of war, and shut in time of peace. He was chiefly worshipped
among the Romans, where he had many temples, some erected to Janus
Bifrons, others to Janus Quadrifrons. The temples of Quadrifrons
were built with four equal sides, with a door and three windows
on each side. The four doors were the emblems of the four seasons
of the year, and the three windows in each of the sides the three
months in each season, and, all together, the 12 months of the year.
Janus was generally represented in statues as a young man. After
death Janus was ranked among the gods, for his popularity and the
civilization which he had introduced among the wild inhabitants of
Italy. His temple, which was always open in times of war, was shut
only three times during above 700 years, under Numa, 234 B.C., and
under Augustus; and during that long period of time, the Romans were
continually employed in war. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 1, li. 65, &c.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 607.――_Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_,
bk. 1.――_Macrobius_, _Saturnalia_, bk. 1.――――A street at Rome near
the temple of Janus. It was generally frequented by usurers and
money-brokers, and booksellers also kept their shops there. _Horace_,
bk. 1, ltr. 1.
=Japetĭdes=, a musician at the nuptials of Perseus and Andromeda.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 111.
=Japĕtus=, a son of Cœlus or Titan by Terra, who married Asia, or,
according to others, Clymene, by whom he had Atlas, Menœtius,
Prometheus, and Epimetheus. The Greeks looked upon him as the
father of all mankind, and therefore from his antiquity old men
were frequently called Japeti. His sons received the patronymic of
_Iapetionides_. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 631.――_Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, lis. 136 & 508.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.
=Iāpis=, an Ætolian, who founded a city upon the banks of the Timavus.
_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3, li. 475.――――A Trojan, favourite
of Apollo, from whom he received the knowledge of the power of
medicinal herbs. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 391.
=Iapy̆dia=, a district of Illyricum, now _Carniola_. _Livy_, bk. 43,
ch. 5.――_Tibullus_, bk. 4, li. 109.――_Cicero_, _Cornelius Balbus_,
ch. 14.
=Iāpy̆gia=, a country on the confines of Italy, situated in the
peninsula, between Tarentum and Brundusium. It is called by some
_Messapia_, _Peucetia_, and _Salentinum_. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 11.
――_Strabo_, bk. 6.
=Iapyx=, a son of Dædalus, who conquered a part of Italy, which he
called _Iapygia_. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 458.――――A
wind which blows from Apulia, and is favourable to such as sail from
Italy towards Greece. It was nearly the same as the Caurus of the
Greeks. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 3, li. 4; bk. 3, ode 7, li. 20.
=Iarbas=, a son of Jupiter and Garamantis, king of Gætulia, from whom
Dido bought land to build Carthage. He courted Dido, but the arrival
of Æneas prevented his success, and the queen, rather than marry
Iarbas, destroyed herself. _See:_ Dido. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li.
36, &c.――_Justin_, bk. 18, ch. 6.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 552.
=Iarchas= and =Jarchas=, a celebrated Indian philosopher. His seven
rings are famous for their power of restoring old men to the bloom
and vigour of youth, according to the tradition of _Philostratus_,
_Life of Apollonius of Tyana_.
=Iardānus=, a Lydian, father of Omphale the mistress of Hercules.
_Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 7.――――A river of Arcadia.――――Another in
Crete. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 7.
=Iasĭdes=, a patronymic given to Palinurus, as descended from a person
of the name of Jasius. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 843.――――Also of
Jasus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 392.
=Iăsion= and =Iăsius=, a son of Jupiter and Electra, one of the
Atlantides, who reigned over part of Arcadia, where he diligently
applied himself to agriculture. He married the goddess Cybele or
Ceres, and all the gods were present at the celebration of his
nuptials. He had by Ceres two sons, Philomelus and Plutus, to whom
some have added a third, Corybas, who introduced the worship and
mysteries of his mother in Phrygia. He had also a daughter, whom
he exposed as soon as born, saying that he would raise only male
children. The child, who was suckled by a she-bear and preserved,
rendered herself famous afterwards under the name of Atalanta.
Jasion was killed with a thunderbolt of Jupiter, and ranked among
the gods after death by the inhabitants of Arcadia. _Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 973.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 168.――_Hyginus_,
_Poeticon Astronomicon_, bk. 2, ch. 4.
=Iăsis=, a name given to Atalanta daughter of Jasius.
=Iasius=, a son of Abas king of Argos.――――A son of Jupiter. _See:_
Iasion.
=Jāson=, a celebrated hero, son of Alcimede daughter of Phylacus,
by Æson the son of Cretheus and Tyro, the daughter of Salmoneus.
Tyro, before her connection with Cretheus the son of Æolus, had two
sons, Pelias and Neleus, by Neptune. Æson was king of Iolchis, and
at his death the throne was usurped by Pelias, and Æson the lawful
successor was driven to retirement and obscurity. The education of
young Jason was entrusted to the care of the centaur Chiron, and he
was removed from the presence of the usurper, who had been informed
by an oracle that one of the descendants of Æolus would dethrone him.
After he had made the most rapid progress in every branch of science,
Jason left the centaur, and by his advice went to consult the oracle.
He was ordered to go to Iolchos his native country, covered with the
spoils of a leopard, and dressed in the garments of a Magnesian. In
his journey he was stopped by the inundation of the river Evenus or
Enipeus, over which he was carried by Juno, who had changed herself
into an old woman. In crossing the stream he lost one of his sandals,
and at his arrival at Iolchos, the singularity of his dress and
the fairness of his complexion attracted the notice of the people,
and drew a crowd around him in the market-place. Pelias came to
see him with the rest, and as he had been warned by the oracle to
beware of a man who should appear at Iolchos with one foot bare
and the other shod, the appearance of Jason, who had lost one of
his sandals, alarmed him. His terrors were soon after augmented.
Jason, accompanied by his friends, repaired to the palace of Pelias,
and boldly demanded the kingdom which he had unjustly usurped.
The boldness and popularity of Jason intimidated Pelias; he was
unwilling to abdicate the crown, and yet he feared the resentment of
his adversary. As Jason was young and ambitious of glory, Pelias, at
once to remove his immediate claims to the crown, reminded him that
Ætes king of Colchis had severely treated and inhumanly murdered
their common relation Phryxus. He observed that such a treatment
called aloud for punishment, and that the undertaking would be
accompanied with much glory and fame. He further added, that his old
age had prevented him from avenging the death of Phryxus, and that
if Jason would undertake the expedition, he would resign to him the
crown of Iolchos, when he returned victorious from Colchis. Jason
readily accepted a proposal which seemed to promise such military
fame. His intended expedition was made known in every part of
Greece, and the youngest and the bravest of the Greeks assembled to
accompany him, and share his toils and glory. They embarked on board
a ship called Argo, and after a series of adventures they arrived
at Colchis. _See:_ Argonautæ. Ætes promised to restore the golden
fleece, which was the cause of the death of Phryxus, and of the
voyage of the Argonauts, provided they submitted to his conditions.
Jason was to tame bulls which breathed flames, and which had feet
and horns of brass, and to plough with them a field sacred to Mars.
After this he was to sow in the ground the teeth of a serpent, from
which armed men would arise, whose fury would be converted against
him who ploughed the field. He was also to kill a monstrous dragon
which watched night and day at the foot of the tree on which the
golden fleece was suspended. All were concerned for the fate of the
Argonauts; but Juno, who watched with an anxious eye over the safety
of Jason, extricated them from all these difficulties. Medea, the
king’s daughter, fell in love with Jason, and as her knowledge of
herbs, enchantments, and incantations was uncommon, she pledged
herself to deliver her lover from all his dangers if he promised
her eternal fidelity. Jason, not insensible to her charms and to
her promise, vowed eternal fidelity in the temple of Hecate, and
received from Medea whatever instruments and herbs could protect
him against the approaching dangers. He appeared in the field of
Mars, he tamed the fury of the oxen, ploughed the plain, and sowed
the dragon’s teeth. Immediately an army of men sprang from the field,
and ran towards Jason. He threw a stone among them, and they fell
one upon the other till all were totally destroyed. The vigilance
of the dragon was lulled to sleep by the power of herbs, and Jason
took from the tree the celebrated golden fleece, which was the
sole object of his voyage. These actions were all performed in the
presence of Æetes and his people, who were all equally astonished at
the boldness and success of Jason. After this celebrated conquest,
Jason immediately set sail for Europe with Medea, who had been
so instrumental in his preservation. Upon this Æetes, desirous to
revenge the perfidy of his daughter Medea, sent his son Absyrtus
to pursue the fugitives. Medea killed her brother, and strewed his
limbs in her father’s way, that she might more easily escape, while
he was employed in collecting the mangled body of his son. _See:_
Absyrtus. The return of the Argonauts in Thessaly was celebrated
with universal festivity; but Æson, Jason’s father, was unable to
attend on account of the infirmities of old age. This obstruction
was removed, and Medea, at the request of her husband, restored Æson
to the vigour and sprightliness of youth. _See:_ Æson. Pelias the
usurper of the crown of Iolchos wished also to see himself restored
to the flower of youth, and his daughters, persuaded by Medea, who
wished to avenge her husband’s wrongs, cut his body to pieces, and
placed his limbs in a cauldron of boiling water. Their credulity was
severely punished. Medea suffered the flesh to be consumed to the
bones, and Pelias was never restored to life. This inhuman action
drew the resentment of the populace upon Medea, and she fled to
Corinth with her husband Jason, where they lived in perfect union
and love during 10 successive years. Jason’s partiality for Glauce
the daughter of the king of the country afterwards disturbed their
matrimonial happiness, and Medea was divorced, that Jason might
more freely indulge his amorous propensities. This infidelity
was severely revenged by Medea [_See:_ Glauce], who destroyed her
children in the presence of their father. _See:_ Medea. After this
separation from Medea, Jason lived an unsettled and melancholy life.
As he was one day reposing himself by the side of the ship which
had carried him to Colchis, a beam fell upon his head, and he was
crushed to death. This tragical event had been predicted to him
before by Medea, according to the relation of some authors. Some say
that he afterwards returned to Colchis, where he seized the kingdom,
and reigned in great security. _Euripides_, _Medea_.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, fables 2, 3, &c.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.
――_Pausanias_, bks. 2 & 3.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Cicero_,
_de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 3, poem 9.
――_Strabo_, bk. 7.――_Apollonius._――_Flaccus._――_Hyginus_, fable 5,
&c.――_Pindar_, bk. 3, _Nemean_.――_Justin_, bk. 42, ch. 2, &c.
――_Seneca_, _Medea_.――_Tzetzes_, _On Lycophron_, li. 195, &c.
――_Athenæus_, bk. 13.――――A native of Argos, who wrote a history
of Greece in four books, which ended at the death of Alexander.
He lived in the age of Adrian.――――A tyrant of Thessaly, who made
an alliance with the Spartans, and cultivated the friendship of
Timotheus.――――Trallianus, a man who wrote tragedies, and gained
the esteem of the kings of Parthia. _Polyænus_, bk. 7.
=Jasonĭdæ=, a patronymic of Thoas and Euneus, sons of Jason and
Hypsipyle.
=Iasus=, a king of Argos, who succeeded his father Triopas.
_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 16.――――A son of Argus, father of Agenor.
――――A son of Argus and Ismena.――――A son of Lycurgus of Arcadia.
――――An island, with a town of the same name, on the coast of Caria.
The bay adjoining was called _Iasius sinus_. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 28.
――_Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 33; bk. 37, ch. 17.
=Iaxartes=, now _Sir_ or _Sihon_, a river of Sogdiana, mistaken by
Alexander for the Tanais. It falls into the east of the Caspian sea.
_Curtius_, bks. 6 & 7.――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 16.――_Arrian_, bk. 4,
ch. 15.
=Iazĭges=, a people on the borders of the Palus Mæotis. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 29.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 2, li. 191; _ex
Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 7, li. 9.
=Ibēria=, a country of Asia, between Colchis on the west, and Albania
on the east, governed by kings. Pompey invaded it, and made great
slaughter of the inhabitants, and obliged them to surrender by
setting fire to the woods where they had fled for safety. It is
now called Georgia. _Plutarch_, _Lycurgus_, _Antonius_, &c.――_Dio
Cassius_, bk. 36.――_Florus_, bk. 3.――_Flaccus_, bk. 5, li. 166.
――_Appian_, _Wars in Spain_.――――An ancient name of Spain, derived
from the river Iberus. _Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 258.――_Horace_, bk. 4,
ode 14, li. 50.
=Ibērus=, a river of Spain, now called _Ebro_, which, after the
conclusion of the first Punic war, separated the Roman from the
Carthaginian possessions in that country. _Lucan_, bk. 4, li. 335.
――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 3.――_Horace_, bk. 4, ode 14, li. 50.――――A
river of Iberia in Asia, flowing from mount Caucasus into the Cyrus.
_Strabo_, bk. 3.――――A fabulous king of Spain.
=Ibi=, an Indian nation.
=Ibis=, a poem of the poet Callimachus, in which he bitterly satirizes
the ingratitude of his pupil the poet Apollonius. Ovid had also
written a poem which bears the same name, and which, in the same
satirical language, seems, according to the opinion of some,
to inveigh bitterly against Hyginus the supposed hero of the
composition. _Suidas._
=Iby̆cus=, a lyric poet of Rhegium, about 540 years before Christ. He
was murdered by robbers, and at the moment of death he implored the
assistance of some cranes which at that moment flew over his head.
Some time after, as the murderers were in the market-place, one of
them observed some cranes in the air, and said to his companions,
αἰ Ἰβυκου ἐκδικοι παρεισιν, _there are the birds that are conscious
of the death of Ibycus_. These words and the recent murder of Ibycus
raised suspicions in the people; the assassins were seized and
tortured, and they confessed their guilt. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ
Disputationes_, bk. 4, ch. 43.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_.――――The
husband of Chloris, whom Horace ridicules, bk. 3, ode 15.
=Icadius=, a robber killed by a stone, &c. _Cicero_, _De Fato_, ch. 3.
=Icăria=, a small island in the Ægean sea, between Chio, Samos, and
Myconus, where the body of Icarus was thrown by the waves, and
buried by Hercules. _Ptolemy_, bk. 5, ch. 2.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.
――_Strabo_, bks. 10 & 14.
=Icăris= and =Icariotis=, a name given to Penelope as daughter of
Icarius.
=Icărium mare=, a part of the Ægean sea near the islands of Mycone and
Gyaros. _See:_ Icarus.
=Icărius=, an Athenian, father of Erigone. He gave wine to some
peasants, who drank it with the greatest avidity, ignorant of
its intoxicating nature. They were soon deprived of their reason,
and the fury and resentment of their friends and neighbours were
immediately turned upon Icarius, who perished by their hands. After
death he was honoured with public festivals, and his daughter was
led to discover the place of his burial by means of his faithful
dog Mœra. Erigone hung herself in despair, and was changed into
a constellation called Virgo. Icarius was changed into the star
Bootes, and the dog Mœra into the star Canis. _Hyginus_, fable 130.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 14.――――A son of Œbalus of Lacedæmon. He
gave his daughter Penelope in marriage to Ulysses king of Ithaca,
but he was so tenderly attached to her, that he wished her husband
to settle at Lacedæmon. Ulysses refused, and when he saw the earnest
petitions of Icarius, he told Penelope as they were going to embark,
that she might choose freely either to follow him to Ithaca, or to
remain with her father. Penelope blushed in the deepest silence,
and covered her head with her veil. Icarius upon this permitted
his daughter to go to Ithaca, and immediately erected a temple to
the goddess of modesty, on the spot where Penelope had covered her
blushes with her veil. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 16, li. 435.
=Icărus=, a son of Dædalus, who, with his father, flew with wings from
Crete to escape the resentment of Minos. His flight being too high,
proved fatal to him; the sun melted the wax which cemented his wings,
and he fell into that part of the Ægean sea which was called after
his name. _See:_ Dædalus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 178,
&c.――――A mountain of Attica.
=Iccius=, a lieutenant of Agrippa in Sicily. Horace writes to him,
bk. 1, ode 29, and ridicules him for abandoning the pursuits of
philosophy and the muses for military employments.――――One of the
Rhemi in Gaul, ambassador to Cæsar. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 2,
ch. 3.
=Icĕlos=, one of the sons of Somnus, who changed himself into all
sorts of animals, whence the name (εἰκελος, _similis_). _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 11, li. 640.
=Icēni=, a people of Britain who submitted to the Roman power. They
inhabited the modern counties of Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge, &c.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 31.――_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 5,
ch. 21.
=Icĕtas=, a man who obtained the supreme power at Syracuse after the
death of Dion. He attempted to assassinate Timoleon, for which he
was conquered, &c., B.C. 340. _Cornelius Nepos_, _Timoleon_.
=Ichnæ=, a town of Macedonia, whence Themis and Nemesis are called
Ichnæa. _Homer_, _Hymn 3 to Apollo_.
=Ichnūsa=, an ancient name of Sardinia, which it received from its
likeness to a human foot. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 17.――_Silius
Italicus_, bk. 12, li. 358.――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 7.
=Ichonūphys=, a priest of Heliopolis, at whose house Eudoxus resided
when he visited Egypt with Plato. _Diogenes Laërtius._
=Ichthyophăgi=, a people of Æthiopia, who received this name from
their eating fishes. There was also an Indian nation of the same
name, who made their houses with the bones of fishes. _Diodorus_,
bk. 3.――_Strabo_, bks. 2 & 12.――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 23; bk. 15,
ch. 7.
=Ichthys=, a promontory of Elis in Achaia. _Strabo_, bk. 11.
=Lucius Icilius=, a tribune of the people who made a law, A.U.C. 397,
by which mount Aventine was given to the Roman people to build
houses upon. _Livy_, bk. 3, ch. 54.――――A tribune who made a law,
A.U.C. 261, that forbade any man to oppose or interrupt a tribune
while he was speaking in an assembly. _Livy_ bk. 2, ch. 58.――――A
tribune who signalized himself by his inveterate enmity against the
Roman senate. He took an active part in the management of affairs
after the murder of Virginia, &c.
=Icius=, a harbour in Gaul, on the modern straits of Dover, from which
Cæsar crossed into Britain.
=Iconium=, the capital of Lycaonia, now _Koniech_. _Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 27.
=Icos=, a small island near Eubœa. _Strabo_, bk. 9.
=Ictinus=, a celebrated architect, 430 years B.C. He built a famous
temple to Minerva at Athens, &c.
=Ictumulōrum vicus=, a place at the foot of the Alps, abounding in
gold mines.
=Iculisma=, a town of Gaul, now _Angoulesme_, on the Charente.
=Ida=, a nymph of Crete, who went into Phrygia, where she gave her
name to a mountain of that country. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li.
177.――――The mother of Minos II.――――A celebrated mountain, or more
properly a ridge of mountains in Troas, chiefly in the neighbourhood
of Troy. The abundance of its waters became the source of many
rivers, and particularly of the Simois, Scamander, Æsepus, Granicus,
&c. It was on mount Ida that the shepherd Paris adjudged the prize
of beauty to the goddess Venus. It was covered with green woods,
and the elevation of its top opened a fine extensive view of the
Hellespont and the adjacent countries, from which reason the poets
say that it was frequented by the gods during the Trojan war.
_Strabo_, bk. 13.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 18.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk.
14, li. 283.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bks. 3, 5, &c.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_,
bk. 4, li. 79.――_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 11.――――A mountain of Crete,
the highest in the island, where it was reported that Jupiter was
educated by the Corybantes, who, on that account, were called Idæi.
_Strabo_, bk. 10.
=Idæa=, the surname of Cybele, because she was worshipped on mount Ida.
_Lucretius_, bk. 2, li. 611.
=Idæus=, a surname of Jupiter. An arm-bearer and charioteer of king
Priam, killed during the Trojan war. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li.
487.――――One of the attendants of Ascanius. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9,
li. 500.
=Idalis=, the country round mount Ida. _Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 204.
=Idălus=, a mountain of Cyprus, at the foot of which is _Idalium_, a
town with a grove sacred to Venus, who was called _Idalæa_. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 685.――_Catullus_, poems 37 & 62.――_Propertius_,
bk. 2, poem 13.
=Idanthyrsus=, a powerful king of Scythia, who refused to give his
daughter in marriage to Darius I. king of Persia. This refusal
was the cause of a war between the two nations, and Darius marched
against Idanthyrsus, at the head of 700,000 men. He was defeated,
and retired to Persia, after an inglorious campaign. _Strabo_,
bk. 13.