from the drops of blood which flowed from the wound which Cœlus
received from his son Saturn. According to others they were daughters
of the earth, and conceived from the blood of Saturn. Some make them
daughters of Acheron and Night, or Pluto and Proserpine, or Chaos
and Terra, according to Sophocles, or, as Epimenides reports, of
Saturn and Evonyme. According to the most received opinions, they
were three in number, Tisiphone, Megara, and Alecto, to which some
add Nemesis. Plutarch mentions only one, called Adrasta, daughter of
Jupiter and Necessity. They were supposed to be the ministers of the
vengeance of the gods, and therefore appeared stern and inexorable;
always employed in punishing the guilty upon earth, as well as in
the infernal regions. They inflicted their vengeance upon earth
by wars, pestilence, and dissensions, and by the secret stings
of conscience; and in hell they punished the guilty by continual
flagellation and torments. They were also called _Furiæ_, _Erinnyes_,
and _Diræ_, and the appellation of Eumenides, which signifies
benevolence and compassion, they received after they had ceased
to persecute Orestes, who in gratitude offered them sacrifices,
and erected a temple in honour of their divinity. Their worship
was almost universal, and people presumed not to mention their
names or fix their eyes upon their temples. They were honoured
with sacrifices and libations, and in Achaia they had a temple,
which, when entered by any one guilty of crimes, suddenly rendered
him furious, and deprived him of the use of his reason. In their
sacrifices, the votaries used branches of cedar and of alder,
hawthorn, saffron, and juniper, and the victims were generally
turtledoves and sheep, with libations of wine and honey. They were
generally represented with a grim and frightful aspect, with a
black and bloody garment, and serpents wreathing round their head
instead of hair. They held a burning torch in one hand, and a whip
of scorpions in the other, and were always attended by terror,
rage, paleness, and death. In hell they were seated around Pluto’s
throne, as the ministers of his vengeance. _Aeschylus_, _Eumenides_.
――_Sophocles_, _Œdipus at Colonus_.
=Eumĕnĭdia=, festivals in honour of the Eumenides, called by the
Athenians σεμναι θεαι, _venerable goddesses_. They were celebrated
once every year with sacrifices of pregnant ewes, with offerings
of cakes made by the most eminent youths, and libations of honey
and wine. At Athens none but free-born citizens were admitted, such
as had led a life the most virtuous and unsullied. Such only were
accepted by the goddesses, who punished all sorts of wickedness in
a severe manner.
=Eumēnius=, a Trojan killed by Camilla in Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 11, li. 666.
=Eumolpe=, one of the Nereides. _Apollodorus._
=Eumolpĭdæ=, the priests of Ceres at the celebration of her festivals
of Eleusis. All causes relating to impiety or profanation were
referred to their judgment, and their decisions, though occasionally
severe, were considered as generally impartial. The Eumolpidæ were
descended from Eumolpus, a king of Thrace, who was made priest
of Ceres by Erechtheus king of Athens. He became so powerful
after his appointment to the priesthood, that he maintained a war
against Erechtheus. This war proved fatal to both; Erechtheus and
Eumolpus were both killed, and peace was re-established among their
descendants, on condition that the priesthood should ever remain
in the family of Eumolpus, and the regal power in the house of
Erechtheus. The priesthood continued in the family of Eumolpus
for 1200 years; and this is still more remarkable, because he who
was once appointed to the holy office, was obliged to remain in
perpetual celibacy. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 14.
=Eumolpus=, a king of Thrace, son of Neptune and Chione. He was
thrown into the sea by his mother, who wished to conceal her shame
from her father. Neptune saved his life, and carried him into
Æthiopia, where he was brought up by Amphitrite, and afterwards
by a woman of the country, one of whose daughters he married. An
act of violence to his sister-in-law obliged him to leave Æthiopia,
and he fled to Thrace with his son Ismarus, where he married the
daughter of Tegyrius the king of the country. This connection with
the royal family rendered him ambitious; he conspired against his
father-in-law, and fled, when the conspiracy was discovered, to
Attica, where he was initiated in the mysteries of Ceres of Eleusis,
and made Hierophantes or high priest. He was afterwards reconciled
to Tegyrius, and inherited his kingdom. He made war against
Erechtheus the king of Athens, who had appointed him to the office
of high priest, and perished in battle. His descendants were also
invested with the priesthood, which remained for about 1200 years
in that family. _See:_ Eumolpidæ. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5, &c.
――_Hyginus_, fable 73.――_Diodorus_, bk. 5.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2,
ch. 14.
=Eumonides=, a Theban, &c. _Plutarch._
=Eunæus=, a son of Jason, by Hypsipyle daughter of Thoas. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 7.
=Eunapius=, a physician, sophist, and historian, born at Sardis. He
flourished in the reign of Valentinian and his successors, and wrote
a history of the Cæsars, of which few fragments remain. His life
of the philosophers of his age is still extant. It is composed with
fidelity and elegance, precision and correctness.
=Eunŏmia=, a daughter of Juno, one of the Horæ. _Apollodorus._
=Eunŏmus=, a son of Prytanes, who succeeded his father on the throne
of Sparta. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 36.――――A famous musician of
Locris, rival to Ariston, over whom he obtained a musical prize at
Delphi. _Strabo_, bk. 6.――――A man killed by Hercules. _Apollodorus._
――――A Thracian, who advised Demosthenes not to be discouraged by
his ill success in his first attempts to speak in public. _Plutarch_,
_Demosthenes_.――――The father of Lycurgus, killed by a kitchen knife.
_Plutarch_, _Lycurgus_.
=Eunus=, a Syrian slave, who inflamed the minds of the servile
multitude by pretended inspiration and enthusiasm. He filled a nut
with sulphur in his mouth, and by artfully conveying fire to it, he
breathed out flames to the astonishment of the people, who believed
him to be a god, or something more than human. Oppression and misery
compelled 2000 slaves to join his cause, and he soon saw himself
at the head of 50,000 men. With such a force he defeated the Roman
armies, till Perpenna obliged him to surrender by famine, and exposed
on a cross the greatest part of his followers, B.C. 132. _Plutarch_,
_Sertorius_.
=Euonymos=, one of the Lipari isles.
=Euoras=, a grove of Laconia. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 10.
=Eupagium=, a town of Peloponnesus.
=Eupalămon=, one of the hunters of the Calydonian boar. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 360.
=Eupalămus=, the father of Dædalus and of Metiadusa. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 15.
=Eupător=, a son of Antiochus. The surname of _Eupator_ was given
to many of the Asiatic princes, such as Mithridates, &c. _Strabo_,
bk. 12.
=Eupătoria=, a town of Paphlagonia, built by Mithridates, and
called afterwards _Pompeiopolis_ by Pompey. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 2.
――――Another called _Magnopolis_ in Pontus, now _Tehenikeh_. _Strabo_,
bk. 12.
=Eupeithes=, a prince of Ithaca, father to Antinous. In the
former part of his life he had fled before the vengeance of the
Thesprotians, whose territories he had laid waste in the pursuit of
some pirates. During the absence of Ulysses he was one of the most
importuning lovers of Penelope. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 16.
=Euphaes=, succeeded Androcles on the throne of Messenia, and in his
reign the first Messenian war began. He died B.C. 730. _Pausanias_,
bk. 4, chs. 5 & 6.
=Euphantus=, a poet and historian of Olynthus, son of Eubulides, and
preceptor to Antigonus king of Macedonia. ♦_Diogenes Laërtius_,
_Euclides_.
♦ ‘Diod.’ replaced with ‘Diogenes’
=Euphēme=, a woman who was nurse to the Muses, and mother of Crocus by
Pan. _Pausanias._
=Euphēmus=, a son of Neptune and Europa, who was among the Argonauts,
and the hunters of the Calydonian boar. He was so swift and
light that he could run over the sea without scarce wetting his
feet. _Pindar_, _Pythian_, poem 4.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 17.――――One of the Greek captains before
Troy. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2, li. 353.
=Euphorbus=, a famous Trojan, son of Panthous, the first who wounded
Patroclus, whom Hector killed. He perished by the hand of Menelaus,
who hung his shield in the temple of Juno at Argos. Pythagoras, the
founder of the doctrine of the metempsychosis, or transmigration of
souls, affirmed that he had been once Euphorbus, and that his soul
recollected many exploits which had been done while it animated that
Trojan’s body. As a further proof of his assertion, he showed at
first sight the shield of Euphorbus in the temple of Juno. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 160.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 17.
――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 16 & 17.――――A physician of Juba king of
Mauritania.
=Euphorion=, a Greek poet of Chalcis in Eubœa, in the age of Antiochus
the Great. Tiberius took him for his model for correct writing,
and was so fond of him that he hung his pictures in all the public
libraries. His father’s name was Polymnetus. He died in his 56th
year, B.C. 220. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 2, ch. 64, calls
him _Obscurum_.――――The father of Æschylus bore the same name.
=Euphrānor=, a famous painter and sculptor of Corinth. _Pliny_, bk. 34,
ch. 8.――――This name was common to many Greeks.
=Euphrātes=, a disciple of Plato, who governed Macedonia with absolute
authority in the reign of Perdiccas, and rendered himself odious
by his cruelty and pedantry. After the death of Perdiccas, he was
murdered by Parmenio.――――A stoic philosopher in the age of Adrian,
who destroyed himself with the emperor’s leave, to escape the
miseries of old age, A. D. 118. _Dio Cassius._――――A large and
celebrated river of Mesopotamia, rising from mount Taurus in Armenia,
and discharging itself with the Tigris into the Persian gulf. It is
very rapid in its course, and passes through the middle of the city
of Babylon. It inundates the country of Mesopotamia at a certain
season of the year, and, like the Nile in Egypt, happily fertilizes
the adjacent fields. Cyrus dried up its ancient channel, and changed
the course of the waters when he besieged Babylon. _Strabo_, bk. 11.
――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 2; bk. 3, ch. 8.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 24.
――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 509; bk. 4, li. 560.
=Euphron=, an aspiring man of Sicyon, who enslaved his country by
bribery. _Diodorus_, bk. 15.
=Euphrŏsy̆na=, one of the Graces, sister to Aglaia and Thalia.
_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 35.
=Euplæa=, an island of the Tyrrhene sea, near Neapolis. _Statius_,
bk. 3, _Sylvæ_, poem 1, li. 149.
=Eupŏlis=, a comic poet of Athens, who flourished 435 years before
the christian era, and severely lashed the vices and immoralities
of his age. It is said that he had composed 17 dramatical pieces at
the age of 17. He had a dog so attached to him, that at his death he
refused all aliments, and starved himself on his tomb. Some suppose
that Alcibiades put Eupolis to death, because he had ridiculed him
in a comedy which he had written against the Baptæ, the priests of
the goddess Cotytto, and the impure ceremonies of their worship;
but Suidas maintains that he perished in a sea-fight between the
Athenians and the Lacedæmonians in the Hellespont, and that on
that account his countrymen, pitying his fate, decreed that no
poet should ever after go to war. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 4; bk. 2,
satire 10.――_Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 6, ltr. 1.――_Ælian._
=Eupompus=, a geometrician of Macedonia.――――A painter. _Pliny_, bk. 34,
ch. 8.
=Eurianassa=, a town near Chios. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 31.
=Eurĭpĭdes=, a celebrated tragic poet born at Salamis the day on which
the army of Xerxes was defeated by the Greeks. He studied eloquence
under Prodicus, ethics under Socrates, and philosophy under
Anaxagoras. He applied himself to dramatical composition, and his
writings became so much the admiration of his countrymen, that the
unfortunate Greeks, who had accompanied Nicias in his expedition
against Syracuse, were freed from slavery, only by repeating some
verses from the pieces of Euripides. The poet often retired from
the society of mankind, and confined himself in a solitary cave near
Salamis, where he wrote and finished his most excellent tragedies.
The talents of Sophocles were looked upon by Euripides with jealousy,
and the great enmity which always reigned between the two poets gave
an opportunity to the comic muse of Aristophanes to ridicule them
both on the stage with success and humour. During the representation
of one of the tragedies of Euripides, the audience, displeased with
some lines in the composition, desired the writer to strike them off.
Euripides heard the reproof with indignation; he advanced forward
on the stage, and told the spectators that he came there to instruct
them, and not to receive instruction. Another piece, in which he
called riches the _summum bonum_ and the admiration of gods and men,
gave equal dissatisfaction, but the poet desired the audience to
listen with silent attention, for the conclusion of the whole would
show them the punishment which attended the lovers of opulence. The
ridicule and envy to which he was continually exposed, obliged him
at last to remove from Athens. He retired to the court of Archelaus
king of Macedonia, where he received the most conspicuous marks
of royal munificence and friendship. His end was as deplorable as
it was uncommon. It is said that the dogs of Archelaus met him in
his solitary walks, and tore his body to pieces 407 years before
the christian era, in the 78th year of his age. Euripides wrote 75
tragedies, of which only 19 are extant; the most approved of which
are his Phœnissæ, Orestes, Medea, Andromache, Electra, Hippolytus,
Iphigenia in Aulis, Iphigenia in Tauris, Hercules, and the Troades.
He is peculiarly happy in expressing the passions of love, especially
the more tender and animated. To the pathos he has added sublimity,
and the most common expressions have received a perfect polish from
his pen. In his person, as it is reported, he was noble and majestic,
and his deportment was always grave and serious. He was slow in
composing, and laboured with difficulty, from which circumstance a
foolish and malevolent poet once observed that he had written 100
verses in three days, while Euripides had written only three. “True,”
says Euripides, “but there is this difference between your poetry
and mine; yours will expire in three days, but mine shall live for
ages to come.” Euripides was such an enemy to the fair sex that
some have called him μισογυνης, _woman-hater_, and perhaps from
this aversion arise the impure and diabolical machinations which
appear in his female characters; an observation, however, which he
refuted, by saying he had faithfully copied nature. In spite of all
this antipathy he was married twice, but his connections were so
injudicious, that he was compelled to divorce both his wives. The
best editions of this great poet are that of Musgrave, 4 vols., 4to,
Oxford, 1778; that of Canter apud Commelin, 12mo, 2 vols., 1597; and
of Barnes, folio, Cambridge. 1694. There are also several valuable
editions of detached plays. _Diodorus_, bk. 13.――_Valerius Maximus_,
bk. 3, ch. 7.――_Cicero_, _De Inventione_, bk. 1, ch. 50; _Orator_,
bk. 3, ch. 7; _Academica_ bk. 1, ch. 4; _De Officiis_, bk. 3;
_Finibus Bonorum et Malorum_, bk. 2; _Tusculanæ Disputationes_,
bks. 1 & 4, &c.
=Eurīpus=, a narrow strait which separates the island of Eubœa from
the coast of Bœotia. Its flux and reflux, which continued regular
during 18 or 19 days, and were commonly unsettled the rest of the
month, was a matter of deep inquiry among the ancients; and it is
said that Aristotle threw himself into it because he was unable
to find out the causes of that phenomenon. _Livy_, bk. 28, ch. 6.
――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 95.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.
=Euristhenes.= _See:_ Eurysthenes.
=Eurōmus=, a city of Caria. _Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 33; bk. 33, ch. 30.
=Eurōpa=, one of the three grand divisions of the earth known among
the ancients, extending, according to modern surveys, about 3000
miles from north to south, and 2500 from east to west. Though
inferior in extent, yet it is superior to the others in the learning,
power, and abilities of its inhabitants. It is bounded on the east
by the Ægean sea, Hellespont, Euxine, Palus Mæotis, and the Tanais
in a northern direction. The Mediterranean divides it from Africa
on the south, and on the west and north it is washed by the Atlantic
and northern oceans. It is supposed to receive its name from Europa,
who was carried there by Jupiter. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk.
3, ch. 1, &c.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 275.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7,
li. 222.――――A daughter of Agenor king of Phœnicia and Telephassa.
She was so beautiful that Jupiter became enamoured of her, and the
better to seduce her he assumed the shape of a bull and mingled
with the herds of Agenor, while Europa, with her female attendants,
were gathering flowers in the meadows. Europa caressed the beautiful
animal, and at last had the courage to sit upon his back. The god
took advantage of her situation, and with precipitate steps retired
towards the shore, and crossed the sea with Europa on his back,
and arrived safe in Crete. Here he assumed his original shape, and
declared his love. The nymph consented, though she had once made
vows of perpetual celibacy, and she became mother of Minos, Sarpedon,
and Rhadamanthus. After this distinguished amour with Jupiter, she
married Asterius king of Crete. This monarch, seeing himself without
children by Europa, adopted the fruit of her amours with Jupiter,
and always esteemed Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhadamanthus as his own
children. Some suppose that Europa lived about 1552 years before the
christian era. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, fable 13.――_Moschus_,
_Idylls_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5; bk. 3, ch. 1.――――One of the
Oceanides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 356.――――A part of Thrace near
mount Hæmus. _Justin_, bk. 7, ch. 1.
=Eurŏpæus=, a patronymic of Minos the son of Europa. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 23.
=Europs=, a king of Sicyon, son of Ægialeus, who died B.C. 1993.
_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 5.
=Eurōpus=, a king of Macedonia, &c. _Justin_, bk. 7, ch. 1.――――A town
of Macedonia on the Axius. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 10.
=Eurōtas=, a son of Lelex, father to Sparta, who married Lacedæmon.
He was one of the first kings of Laconia, and gave his name to
the river which flows near Sparta. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 16.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――――A river of Laconia flowing by Sparta.
It was called, by way of eminence, Basilipotamos, _the king of
rivers_, and worshipped by the Spartans as a powerful god. Laurels,
reeds, myrtles, and olives grew on its banks in great abundance.
_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――_Livy_, bk. 35, ch. 29.
――_Virgil_, _Eclogues_, poem 6, li. 82.――_Ptolemy_, bk. 4.――――A
river in Thessaly near mount Olympus, called also _Titaresus_. It
joined the Peneus, but was not supposed to incorporate with it.
_Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 8.
=Etrōto=, a daughter of Danaus by Polyxo. _Apollodorus._
=Eurus=, a wind blowing from the eastern parts of the world. The
Latins sometimes called it Vulturnus. _Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 1,
poem 2; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 11, &c.
=Euryăle=, a queen of the Amazons, who assisted Æetes, &c. _Flaccus_,
bk. 4.――――A daughter of Minos, mother of Orion by Neptune.――――A
daughter of Prœtus king of Argos.――――One of the Gorgons who was
immortal. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 207.
=Euryălus=, one of the Peloponnesian chiefs who went to the Trojan war
with 80 ships. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.――――An illegitimate son of
Ulysses and Evippe. _Sophocles._――――A son of Melas, taken prisoner
by Hercules, &c. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 8.――――A Trojan who came
with Æneas into Italy, and rendered himself famous for his immortal
friendship with Nisus. _See:_ Nisus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9,
li. 179.――――A pleasant place of Sicily near Syracuse. _Livy_, bk. 25,
ch. 25.――――A Lacedæmonian general in the second Messenian war.
=Erybătes=, a herald in the Trojan war, who took Briseis from Achilles
by order of Agamemnon. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 1, li. 32.――_Ovid_,
_Heroides_, poem 3.――――A warrior of Argos, often victorious at the
Nemean games, &c. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 29.――――One of the Argonauts.
=Eurybia=, the mother of Lucifer and all the stars. _Hesiod._――――A
daughter of Pontus and Terra, mother of Astræus, Pallas, and Perses
by Crius.――――A daughter of Thespius. _Apollodorus._
=Eurybiădes=, a Spartan general of the Grecian fleet, at the battles
of Artemisium and Salamis against Xerxes. He has been charged with
want of courage, and with ambition. He offered to strike Themistocles
when he wished to speak about the manner of attacking the Persians,
upon which the Athenian said, “Strike me, but hear me.” _Herodotus_,
bk. 8, chs. 2, 74, &c.――_Plutarch_, _Themistocles_.――_Cornelius
Nepos_, _Themistocles_.
=Eurybius=, a son of Eurytus king of Argos, killed in a war between
his countrymen and the Athenians. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 8.――――A
son of Nereus and Chloris. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.
=Euryclēa=, a beautiful daughter of Ops of Ithaca. Laertes bought her
for 20 oxen, and gave her his son Ulysses to nurse, and treated her
with much tenderness and attention. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 19.
=Eurycles=, an orator of Syracuse, who proposed to put Nicias and
Demosthenes to death, and to confine to hard labour all the Athenian
soldiers in the quarries. _Plutarch._――――A Lacedæmonian at the
battle of Actium on the side of Augustus. _Plutarch_, _Antonius_.
――――A soothsayer of Athens.
=Eurycrătes=, a king of Sparta, descended from Hercules. _Herodotus_,
bk. 7, ch. 204.
=Eurycrătĭdas=, a son of Anaxander, &c. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 204.
=Eurydămas=, a Trojan skilled in the interpretation of dreams. His two
sons were killed by Diomedes during the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_,
bk. 5, li. 148.――――One of Penelope’s suitors. _Odyssey_, bk. 22, li.
283.――――A wrestler of Cyrene, who, in a combat, had his teeth dashed
to pieces by his antagonist, which he swallowed without showing any
signs of pain, or discontinuing the fight. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_,
bk. 10, ch. 19.――――A son of Ægyptus. _Apollodorus._
=Eurydăme=, the wife of Leotychides king of Sparta. _Herodotus._
=Eurydămĭdas=, a king of Lacedæmon, of the family of the Proclidæ.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 10.
=Eury̆dĭce=, the wife of Amyntas king of Macedonia. She had by her
husband, Alexander, Perdiccas, and Philip, and one daughter called
Euryone. A criminal partiality for her daughter’s husband, to whom
she offered her hand and the kingdom, made her conspire against
Amyntas, who must have fallen a victim to her infidelity had not
Euryone discovered it. Amyntas forgave her, Alexander ascended the
throne after his father’s death, and perished by the ambition of his
mother; Perdiccas, who succeeded him, shared his fate; but Philip,
who was the next in succession, secured himself against all attempts
from his mother, and ascended the throne with peace and universal
satisfaction. Eurydice fled to Iphicrates the Athenian general for
protection. The manner of her death is unknown. _Cornelius Nepos_,
_Iphicrates_, ch. 3.――――A daughter of Amyntas, who married her
uncle Aridæus, the illegitimate son of Philip. After the death of
Alexander the Great, Aridæus ascended the throne of Macedonia, but
he was totally governed by the intrigues of his wife, who called
back Cassander, and joined her forces with his to march against
Polyperchon and Olympias. Eurydice was forsaken by her troops.
Aridæus was pierced through with arrows by order of Olympias, who
commanded Eurydice to destroy herself either by poison, the sword,
or the halter. She chose the latter.――――The wife of the poet Orpheus.
As she fled before Aristæus, who wished to offer her violence, she
was bit by a serpent in the grass, and died of the wound. Orpheus
was so disconsolate that he ventured to go to hell, where, by the
melody of his lyre, he obtained from Pluto the restoration of his
wife to life, provided he did not look behind before he came upon
earth. He violated the conditions, as his eagerness to see his wife
rendered him forgetful. He looked behind, and Eurydice was for ever
taken from him. _See:_ Orpheus. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 457,
&c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 30.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 10,
li. 30, &c.――――A daughter of Adrastus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.
――――One of the Danaides, who married Dyas. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2,
ch. 1.――――The wife of Lycurgus king of Nemæa in Peloponnesus.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――――A daughter of Actor. _Apollodorus._
――――A wife of Æneas. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 26.――――A daughter of
Amphiaraus. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 17.――――A daughter of Antipater,
who married one of the Ptolemies. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 7.――――A
daughter of king Philip. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 17.――――A daughter
of Lacedæmon. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 13.――――A daughter of Clymenus,
who married Nestor. _Homer_, _Odyssey_.――――A wife of Demetrius,
descended from Miltiades. _Plutarch_, _Demetrius_.
=Eurygania=, a wife of Œdipus. _Apollodorus._
=Euryleon=, a king of the Latins, called also Ascanius.
=Eury̆lŏchus=, one of the companions of Ulysses, the only one who did
not taste the potions of Circe. His prudence, however, forsook him
in Sicily, where he carried away the flocks sacred to Apollo, for
which sacrilegious crime he was shipwrecked. _Homer_, _Odyssey_,
bk. 10, li. 205; bk. 12, li. 195.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14,
li. 287.――――A man who broke a conduit which conveyed water into
Cyrrhæ, &c. _Polyænus_, bk. 5.――――A man who discovered the conspiracy
which was made against Alexander by Hermolaus and others. _Curtius_,
bk. 8, ch. 6.