Chion and Leonidas, Plato’s pupils, during the celebration of the
festivals of Bacchus, after the enjoyment of the sovereign power
during 12 years, 353 B.C. _Justin_, bk. 16, ch. 4.――_Diodorus_, bk.
15.――――The second tyrant of Heraclea of that name, died B.C. 288.
――――A Lacedæmonian sent to quiet the Byzantines. He was recalled but
refused to obey, and fled to Cyrus the younger, who made him captain
of 13,000 Greek soldiers. He obtained a victory over Artaxerxes,
who was so enraged at the defeat, that when Clearchus fell into
his hands by the treachery of Tissaphernes, he put him to immediate
death. _Diodorus_, bk. 14.――――A disciple of Aristotle, who wrote a
treatise on tactics, &c. _Xenophon._
=Clearides=, a son of Cleonymus governor of Amphipolis. _Thucydides_,
bk. 4, ch. 132; bk. 5, ch. 10.
=Clemens Romanus=, one of the fathers of the church, said to be
contemporary with St. Paul. Several spurious compositions are
ascribed to him, but the only thing extant is his epistle to the
Corinthians, written to quiet the disturbances that had arisen
there. It has been much admired. The best edition is that of Wotton,
8vo, Cambridge, 1718.――――Another of Alexandria, called from thence
_Alexandrinus_, who flourished 206 A.D. His works are various,
elegant, and full of erudition; the best edition of which is
Potter’s, 2 vols., folio, Oxford, 1715.――――A senator who favoured
the party of Niger against Severus.
=Clementia=, one of the virtues to whom the Romans paid adoration.
=Cleo=, a Sicilian among Alexander’s flatterers. _Curtius_, bk. 8,
ch. 5.
=Cleŏbis= and =Biton=, two youths, sons of Cydippe, the priestess
of Juno at Argos. When oxen could not be procured to draw their
mother’s chariot to the temple of Juno, they put themselves
under the yoke, and drew it 45 stadia to the temple, amidst the
acclamations of the multitude, who congratulated the mother on
account of the filial affection of her sons. Cydippe entreated the
goddess to reward the piety of her sons with the best gift that
could be granted to a mortal. They went to rest, and awoke no more;
and by this the goddess showed, that death is the only true happy
event that can happen to man. The Argives raised statues at Delphi.
_Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputations_, bk. 1, ch. 47.――_Valerius
Maximus_, bk. 5, ch. 4.――_Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 31.――_Plutarch_,
_de Consolatio ad Apollonium_.
=Cleobūla=, the wife of Amyntor, by whom she had Phœnix.――――A daughter
of Boreas and Orithyia, called also Cleopatra. She married Phineus
son of Agenor, by whom she had Plexippus and Pandion. Phineus
repudiated her to marry a daughter of Dardanus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 15.――――A woman, mother of a son called Euripides by Apollo.
――――Another, who bore Cepheus and Amphidamus to Ægeus.――――The mother
of Pithus. _Hyginus_, fables 14, 97, &c.
=Cleobūlīna=, a daughter of Cleobulus, remarkable for her genius,
learning, judgment, and courage. She composed enigmas, some of
which have been preserved. One of them runs thus: “A father had 12
children, and these 12 children had each 30 white sons and 30 black
daughters, who are immortal, though they died every day.” In this
there is no need of an Œdipus to discover that there are 12 months
in the year, and that every month consists of 30 days, and of the
same number of nights. _Diogenes Laërtius._
=Cleobūlus=, one of the seven wise men of Greece, son of Evagoras
of Lindos, famous for the beautiful shape of his body. He wrote
some few verses, and died in the 70th year of his age, B.C. 564.
_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers_.
――_Plutarch_, _Convivium Septem Sapientium_.――――An historian.
_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 31.――――One of the Ephori. _Thucydides._
=Cleochares=, a man sent by Alexander to demand Porus to surrender.
_Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 13.
=Cleocharia=, the mother of Eurotas by Lelax. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 10.
=Cleodæus=, a son of Hyllus. _Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 52; bk. 7,
ch. 204; bk. 8, ch. 131. He endeavoured to recover Peloponnesus
after his father’s death, but to no purpose.
=Cleodamus=, a Roman general under Gallienus.
=Cleodēmus=, a physician. _Plutarch_, _de Convivium Septem Sapientium_.
=Cleodōra=, a nymph, mother of Parnassus. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 6.
――――One of the Danaides, who married Lyxus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2,
ch. 1.
=Cleodoxa=, a daughter of Niobe and Amphion, changed into a stone as
a punishment for her mother’s pride. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.
=Cleogĕnes=, a son of Silenus, &c. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 1.
=Cleolāus=, a son of Hercules, by Argele daughter of Thestius, who,
upon the ill success of the Heraclidæ in Peloponnesus, retired to
Rhodes with his wife and children. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2.
=Cleomăchus=, a boxer of Magnesia.
=Cleomantes=, a Lacedæmonian soothsayer. _Plutarch_, _Alexander_.
=Cleombrŏtus=, son of Pausanias, a king of Sparta after his brother
Agesipolis I. He made war against the Bœotians, and lest he should
be suspected of treacherous communication with Epaminondas, he gave
that general battle at Leuctra, in a very disadvantageous place.
He was killed in the engagement, and his army destroyed, B.C. 371.
_Diodorus_, bk. 15.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 13.――_Xenophon._――――A
son-in-law of Leonidas king of Sparta, who for a while usurped the
kingdom, after the expulsion of his father-in-law. When Leonidas was
recalled, Cleombrotus was banished; and his wife Chelonis, who had
accompanied her father, now accompanied her husband in his exile.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 6.――_Plutarch_, _Agis_ & _Cleomenes_.――――A
youth of Ambracia, who threw himself into the sea, after reading
Plato’s treatise on the immortality of the soul. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ
Disputations_, bk. 1, ch. 34.――_Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 493.
=Cleomēdes=, a famous athlete of Astypalæa, above Crete. In a combat
at Olympia, he killed one of his antagonists by a blow with his
fist. On account of this accidental murder, he was deprived of the
victory, and he became delirious. In his return to Astypalæa, he
entered a school and pulled down the pillars which supported the
roof, and crushed to death 60 boys. He was pursued with stones, and
he fled for shelter into a tomb, whose doors he so strongly secured,
that his pursuers were obliged to break them for access. When the
tomb was opened, Cleomedes could not be found either dead or alive.
The oracle of Delphi was consulted, and gave this answer, _Ultimus
heroum Cleomedes Astypalæus_. Upon this they offered sacrifices to
him as a god. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 9.――_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.
=Cleomĕnes I.=, king of Sparta, conquered the Argives, and burnt 5000
of them by setting fire to a grove where they had fled, and freed
Athens from the tyranny of the Pisistratidæ. By bribing the oracle,
he pronounced Demaratus, his colleague on the throne, illegitimate,
because he had refused to punish the people of Ægina, who had
deserted the Greeks. He killed himself in a fit of madness, 491 B.C.
_Herodotus_, bks. 5, 6, & 7.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 3, &c.
=Cleomĕnes II.=, succeeded his brother Agesipolis II. He reigned 61
years in the greatest tranquillity, and was father to Acrotatus
and Cleonymus, and was succeeded by Areus I. son of Acrotatus.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 6.
=Cleomĕnes III.=, succeeded his father Leonidas. He was of an
enterprising spirit, and resolved to restore the ancient discipline
of Lycurgus in its full force, by banishing luxury and intemperance.
He killed the Ephori, and removed by poison his royal colleague
Eurydamidas, and made his own brother Euclidas king, against the
laws of the state, which forbade more than one of the same family
to sit on the throne. He made war against the Achæans, and attempted
to destroy their league. Aratus the general of the Achæans, who
supposed himself inferior to his enemy, called Antigonus to his
assistance; and Cleomenes, when he had fought the unfortunate battle
of Sellasia, B.C. 222, retired into Egypt, to the court of Ptolemy
Evergetes, where his wife and children had fled before him. Ptolemy
received him with great cordiality; but his successor, weak and
suspicious, soon expressed his jealousy of this noble stranger, and
imprisoned him. Cleomenes killed himself, and his body was flayed
and exposed on a cross, B.C. 219. _Polybius_, bk. 6.――_Plutarch_,
_Parallel Lives_.――_Justin_, bk. 28, ch. 4.
=Cleomĕnes=, a man appointed by Alexander to receive the tributes
of Egypt and Africa. _Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 8.――――A man placed as
arbitrator between the Athenians and the people of Megara.――――An
historian.――――A dithyrambic poet of Rhegium.――――A Sicilian
contemporary with Verres, whose licentiousness and avarice he was
fond of gratifying. _Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 4, ch. 12.――――A
Lacedæmonian general.
=Cleon=, an Athenian, who, though originally a tanner, became
general of the armies of the state, by his intrigues and eloquence.
He took Thoron in Thrace, and after distinguishing himself in
several engagements, he was killed at Amphipolis, in a battle with
Brasidas the Spartan general, 422 B.C. _Thucydides_, bks. 3, 4, &c.
――_Diodorus_, bk. 12.――――A general of Messenia, who disputed with
Aristodemus for the sovereignty.――――A statuary. _Pausanias_, bk. 1,
ch. 8.――――A poet who wrote a poem on the Argonauts.――――An orator
of Halicarnassus, who composed an oration for Lysander, in which he
intimated the propriety of making the kingdom of Sparta elective.
_Cornelius Nepos_ & _Plutarch_, _Lysander_.――――A Magnesian, who
wrote some commentaries, in which he speaks of portentous events,
&c. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 4.――――A Sicilian, one of Alexander’s
flatterers. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 5.――――A tyrant of Sicyon.――――A
friend of Phocion.
=Cleōnæ= and =Cleona=, a village of Peloponnesus, between Corinth and
Argos. Hercules killed the lion of Nemæa in its neighbourhood, and
thence it is called Cleonæus. It was made a constellation. _Statius_,
bk. 4, _Sylvæ_, poem 4, li. 28.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, li.
417.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 32.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 15.
――_Pliny_, bk. 36, ch. 5.――――A town of Phocis.
=Cleōne=, a daughter of Asopus. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.
=Cleonīca=, a young virgin of Byzantium, whom Pausanias king of Sparta
invited to his bed. She was introduced into his room when he was
asleep, and unluckily overturned a burning lamp which was by the
side of the bed. Pausanias was awakened at the sudden noise, and
thinking it to be some assassin, he seized his sword, and killed
Cleonica before he knew who it was. Cleonica often appeared to
him, and he was anxious to make a proper expiation to her manes.
_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 17.――_Plutarch_, _Cimon_, &c.
=Cleonīcus=, a freedman of Seneca, &c. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 15,
ch. 45.
=Cleonnis=, a Messenian who disputed with Aristodemus for the sovereign
power of his country. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 10.
=Cleony̆mus=, a son of Cleomenes II., who called Pyrrhus to his
assistance, because Areus his brother’s son had been preferred to
him in the succession; but the measure was unpopular, and even the
women united to repel the foreign prince. His wife was unfaithful
to his bed, and committed adultery with Acrotatus. _Plutarch_,
_Pyrrhus_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――――A general who assisted the
Tarentines, and was conquered by Æmilius the Roman consul. _Strabo_,
bk. 6.――――A person so cowardly that _Cleonymo timidior_ became
proverbial.
=Cleŏpăter=, an officer of Aratus.
=Cleŏpātra=, the granddaughter of Attalus, betrothed to Philip of
Macedonia, after he had divorced Olympias. When Philip was murdered
by Pausanias, Cleopatra was seized by order of Olympias, and put
to death. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.――_Justin_, bk. 9, ch. 7.――_Plutarch_,
_Pyrrhus_.――――A sister of Alexander the Great, who married Perdiccas,
and was killed by Antigonus as she attempted to fly to Ptolemy in
Egypt. _Diodorus_, bks. 16 & 20.――_Justin_, bk. 9, ch. 6; bk. 13,
ch. 6.――――A harlot of Claudius Cæsar.――――A daughter of Boreas. _See:_
Cleobula.――――A daughter of Idas and Marpessa, daughter of Evenus
king of Ætolia. She married Meleager son of king Œneus. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 9, li. 552.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 2.――――One of the
Danaides. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――――A daughter of Amyntas
of Ephesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 44.――――A wife of Tigranes king
of Armenia, sister of Mithridates. _Justin_, bk. 38, ch. 3.――――A
daughter of Tros and Callirhoe. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――――A
daughter of Ptolemy Philometor, who married Alexander Bala, and
afterwards Nicanor. She killed Seleucus, Nicanor’s son, because
he ascended the throne without her consent. She was suspected of
preparing poison for Antiochus her son, and compelled to drink
it herself, B.C. 120.――――A wife and sister of Ptolemy Evergetes,
who raised her son Alexander a minor, to the throne of Egypt, in
preference to his elder brother Ptolemy Lathurus, whose interest
the people favoured. As Alexander was odious, Cleopatra suffered
Lathurus to ascend the throne, on condition, however, that he should
repudiate his sister and wife, called Cleopatra, and marry Seleuca
his younger sister. She afterwards raised her favourite Alexander to
the throne; but her cruelties were so odious, that he fled to avoid
her tyranny. Cleopatra laid snares for him; and when Alexander heard
it, he put her to death. _Justin_, bk. 39, chs. 3 & 4.――――A queen of
Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, and sister and wife to Ptolemy
Dionysius, celebrated for her beauty and her cunning. She admitted
Cæsar to her arms, to influence him to give her the kingdom, in
preference to her brother who had expelled her, and had a son by
him called Cæsarion. As she had supported Brutus, Antony, in his
expedition to Parthia, summoned her to appear before him. She
arrayed herself in the most magnificent apparel, and appeared before
her judge in the most captivating attire. Her artifice succeeded;
Antony became enamoured of her, and publicly married her, forgetful
of his connections with Octavia the sister of Augustus. He gave her
the greatest part of the eastern provinces of the Roman empire. This
behaviour was the cause of a rupture between Augustus and Antony;
and these two celebrated Romans met at Actium, where Cleopatra,
by flying with 60 sail, ruined the interest of Antony, and he was
defeated. Cleopatra had retired to Egypt, where soon after Antony
followed. Antony killed himself upon the false information that
Cleopatra was dead; and as his wound was not mortal, he was carried
to the queen, who drew him up by a cord from one of the windows of
the monument, where she had retired and concealed herself. Antony
soon after died of his wounds; and Cleopatra, after she had received
pressing invitations from Augustus, and even pretended declarations
of love, destroyed herself by the bite of an asp not to fall into
the conqueror’s hands. She had previously attempted to stab herself,
and had once made a resolution to starve herself. Cleopatra was a
voluptuous and extravagant woman, and in one of the feasts she gave
to Antony at Alexandria, she melted pearls in her drink to render
her entertainment more sumptuous and expensive. She was fond of
appearing dressed as the goddess Isis; and she advised Antony to
make war against the richest nations, to support her debaucheries.
Her beauty has been greatly commended, and her mental perfections so
highly celebrated, that she has been described as capable of giving
audience to the ambassadors of seven different nations, and of
speaking their various languages as fluently as her own. In Antony’s
absence, she improved the public library of Alexandria, with the
addition of that of Pergamus. Two treatises, _De medicamene faciei
epistolæ eroticæ_, and _De morbis mulierum_, have been falsely
attributed to her. She died B.C. 30 years, after a reign of 24 years,
aged 39. Egypt became a Roman province at her death. _Florus_, bk. 4,
ch. 11.――_Appian_, bk. 5, _Civil Wars_.――_Plutarch_, _Pompey_ &
_Antonius_.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 37, li. 21, &c.――_Strabo_, bk. 17.
――――A daughter of Ptolemy Epiphanes, who married Philometor, and
afterwards Physcon of Cyrene.
=Cleopatris=, or =Arsinoe=, a fortified town of Egypt on the Arabian
gulf.
=Cleophănes=, an orator.
=Cleophanthus=, a son of Themistocles, famous for his skill in riding.
=Cleŏphes=, a queen of India, who submitted to Alexander, by whom, as
some suppose, she had a son. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 10.
=Cleophŏlus=, a Samian, who wrote an account of Hercules.
=Cleŏphon=, a tragic poet of Athens.
=Cleophȳlus=, a man whose posterity saved the poems of Homer.
_Plutarch._
=Cleopompus=, an Athenian, who took Thronium, and conquered the
Locrians, &c. _Thucydides_, bk. 2, chs. 26 & 58.――――A man who
married the nymph Cleodora, by whom he had Parnassus. As Cleodora
was beloved by Neptune, some have supposed that she had two husbands.
_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 6.
=Cleoptolĕmus=, a man of Chalcis, whose daughter was given in marriage
to Antiochus. _Livy_, bk. 36, ch. 11.
=Cleŏpus=, a son of Codrus. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 3.
=Cleora=, the wife of Agesilaus. _Plutarch_, _Agesilaus_.
=Cleostrătus=, a youth devoted to be sacrificed to a serpent among the
Thespians, &c. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 26.――――An ancient philosopher
and astronomer of Tenedos, about 536 years before Christ. He first
found the constellations of the zodiac, and reformed the Greek
calendar.
=Cleoxĕnus=, wrote a history of Persia.
=Clepsy̆dra=, a fountain of Messenia. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 31.
=Cleri=, a people of Attica.
=Clesides=, a Greek painter, about 276 years before Christ, who
revenged the injuries he had received from queen Stratonice, by
representing her in the arms of a fisherman. However indecent the
painter might represent the queen, she was drawn with such personal
beauty, that she preserved the piece, and liberally rewarded the
artist.
=Cleta= and =Phaenna=, two of the Graces, according to some.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 18.
=Clidēmus=, a Greek who wrote the history of Attica. _Vossius_,
_historicis græcis_, bk. 3.
=Climax=, a pass of mount Taurus, formed by the projection of a brow
into the Mediterranean sea. _Strabo_, bk. 14.
=Climĕnus=, a son of Arcas descended from Hercules.
=Clinias=, a Pythagorean philosopher and musician, 520 years before
the christian era. _Plutarch_, _Convivium Septem Sapientium_――_Ælian_,
_Varia Historia_, bk. 14, ch. 23.――――A son of Alcibiades, the bravest
man in the Grecian fleet that fought against Xerxes. _Herodotus_,
bk. 8, ch. 17.――――The father of Alcibiades, killed at the battle of
Coronea. _Plutarch_, _Alcibiades_.――――The father of Aratus, killed
by Abantidas, B.C. 263. _Plutarch_, _Aratus_.――――A friend of Solon.
_Plutarch_, _Solon_.
=Clinippĭdes=, an Athenian general in Lesbos. _Diodorus_, bk. 12.
=Clinus= of Cos, was general of 7000 Greeks in the pay of king
Nectanebus. He was killed, with some of his troops, by Nicostratus
and the Argives, as he passed the Nile. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.
=Clio=, the first of the muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne.
She presided over history. She is represented crowned with laurels,
holding in one hand a trumpet, and a book in the other. Sometimes
she holds a _plectrum_ or quill with a lute. Her name signifies
honour and reputation (κλεος, _gloria_); and it was her office
faithfully to record the actions of brave and illustrious heroes.
She had Hyacintha by Pierus son of Magnus. She was also mother of
Hymenæus and Ialemus, according to others. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_,
li. 75.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.――――One of
Cyrene’s nymphs. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 341.
=Clisithera=, a daughter of Idomeneus, promised in marriage to Leucus,
by whom she was murdered.
=Clisthĕnes=, the last tyrant of Sicyon. _Aristotle._――――An Athenian
of the family of Alcmæon. It is said that he first established
ostracism, and that he was the first who was banished by that
institution. He banished Isagoras, and was himself soon after
restored. _Plutarch_, _Aristotle_.――_Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 66, &c.
――――A person censured as effeminate and incontinent. _Aristotle_.
――――An orator. _Cicero_, _Brutus_, ch. 7.
=Clitæ=, a people of Cilicia. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 55.――――A
place near mount Athos. _Livy_, bk. 44, ch. 11.
=Clitarchus=, a man who made himself absolute at Eretria, by means of
Philip of Macedonia. He was ejected by Phocion.――――An historian, who
accompanied Alexander the Great, of whose life he wrote the history.
_Curtius_, bk. 9, ch. 5.
=Clite=, the wife of Cyzicus, who hung herself when she saw her husband
dead. _Apollonius_, bk. 1.――_Orpheus._
=Cliternia=, a town of Italy. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.
=Clitodēmus=, an ancient writer. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 15.
=Clitomăchus=, a Carthaginian philosopher of the third academy, who
was pupil and successor to Carneades at Athens, B.C. 128. _Diogenes
Laërtius_, _Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers_.――――An
athlete of a modest countenance and behaviour. _Ælian_, _Varia
Historia_, bk. 3, ch. 30.
=Clitonymus=, wrote a treatise on Sybaris and Italy.
=Clitophon=, a man of Rhodes, who wrote a history of India, &c.
=Clitor=, a son of Lycaon.――――A son of Azan, who founded a city
in Arcadia, called after his name. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 4.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 8. Ceres, Æsculapius, Ilythia, the
Dioscuri, and other deities, had temples in that city. There is
also in this town a fountain called _Clitorium_, whose waters gave a
dislike for wine. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 322.――_Pliny_,
bk. 32, ch. 2.――――A river of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 12.
=Clitoria=, the wife of Cimon the Athenian.
=Clitumnus=, a river of Campania, whose waters, when drunk, made oxen
white. _Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 10, li. 25.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_,
bk. 2, li. 146.――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 103.
=Clitus=, a familiar friend and foster-brother of Alexander. Though he
had saved the king’s life in a bloody battle, yet Alexander killed
him with a javelin, in a fit of anger, because, at a feast, he
preferred the actions of Philip to those of his son. Alexander was
inconsolable for the loss of his friend, whom he had sacrificed in
the hour of his drunkenness and dissipation. _Justin_, bk. 12, ch. 6.
――_Plutarch_, _Alexander_.――_Curtius_, bk. 4, &c.――――A commander
of Polyperchon’s ships, defeated by Antigonus. _Diodorus_, bk. 18.
――――An officer sent by Antipater, with 240 ships, against the
Athenians, whom he conquered near the Echinades. _Diodorus_, bk. 18.
――――A Trojan prince killed by Teucer.――――A disciple of Aristotle,
who wrote a book on Miletus.
=Cloacīna=, a goddess at Rome, who presided over the Cloacæ. Some
suppose her to be Venus, whose statue was found in the _Cloacæ_,
whence the name. The Cloacæ were large receptacles for the filth
and dung of the whole city, begun by Tarquin the elder, and finished
by Tarquin the Proud. They were built all under the city; so that,
according to an expression of Pliny, Rome seemed to be suspended
between heaven and earth. The building was so strong, and the stones
so large, that though they were continually washed by impetuous
torrents, they remained unhurt during above 700 years. There were
public officers chosen to take care of the Cloacæ, called _Curatores
Cloacarum urbis_. _Livy_, bk. 3, ch. 48.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 29.
=Cloanthus=, one of the companions of Æneas, from whom the family
of the Cluentii at Rome were descended. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5,
li. 122.
=Clodia=, the wife of Lucullus, repudiated for her lasciviousness.
_Plutarch_, _Lucullus_.――――An opulent matron at Rome, mother of
Decimus Brutus. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_.――――A vestal virgin.
_See:_ Claudia.――――Another of the same family who successfully
repressed the rudeness of a tribune that attempted to stop the
procession of her father in his triumph through the streets of
Rome. _Cicero_, _For Marcus Cælius_.――――A woman who married Quintus
Metellus, and afterwards disgraced herself by her amours with Cœlius,
and her incest with her brother Publius, for which he is severely
and eloquently arraigned by Cicero. _For Marcus Cælius._