Porcius Cato, a celebrated Roman, afterwards called _Censorius_,
from his having exercised the office of censor. He rose to all
the honours of the state, and the first battle he ever saw was
against Annibal, at the age of 17, where he behaved with uncommon
valour. In his questorship, under Africanus against Carthage, and
in his expedition in Spain against the Celtiberians, and in Greece,
he displayed equal proofs of his courage and prudence. He was
remarkable for his love of temperance; he never drank but water, and
was always satisfied with whatever meats were laid upon his table by
his servants, whom he never reproved with an angry word. During his
censorship, which he obtained, though he had made many declarations
of his future severity if ever in office, he behaved with the
greatest rigour and impartiality, showed himself an enemy to all
luxury and dissipation, and even accused his colleague of embezzling
the public money. He is famous for the great opposition which he
made against the introduction of the finer arts of Greece into Italy,
and his treatment of Carneades is well known. This prejudice arose
from an apprehension that the learning and luxury of Athens would
destroy the valour and simplicity of the Roman people; and he often
observed to his son, that the Romans would be certainly ruined
whenever they began to be infected with Greek. It appears, however,
that he changed his opinion, for he made himself remarkable for the
knowledge of Greek, which he acquired in his old age. He himself
educated his son, and instructed him in writing and grammar. He
taught him dexterously to throw the javelin, and inured him to
the labours of the field, and to bear cold and heat with the same
indifference, and to swim across the most rapid rivers with ease and
boldness. He was universally deemed so strict in his morals, that
Virgil makes him one of the judges of hell. He repented only of
three things during his life; to have gone by sea when he could go
by land, to have passed a day inactive, and to have told a secret
to his wife. A statue was raised to his memory, and he distinguished
himself as much for his knowledge of agriculture as for his
political life. In Cicero’s age there were 50 orations of his,
besides letters, and a celebrated work called _Origines_, of which
the first book gave a history of the Roman monarchy; the second and
third an account of the neighbouring cities of Italy; the fourth
a detail of the first, and the fifth of the second Punic war; and
in the others the Roman history was brought down to the war of the
Lusitanians, carried on by Servius Galba. Some fragments of the
_Origines_ remain, supposed by some to be supposititious. Cato’s
treatise, _De Re Rusticâ_, was edited by Auson. Pompna, 8vo, Antwerp,
Plantin, 1590; but the best edition of Cato, &c., seems to be
Gesner’s, 2 vols., 4to, Lipscomb, 1735. Cato died in extreme old
age, about 150 B.C.; and Cicero, to show his respect for him,
has introduced him in his treatise on old age, as the principal
character. _Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 14. _Plutarch_ & _Cornelius Nepos_
have written an account of his life. _Cicero_, _Academica_ & _De
Senectute_, &c.――――Marcus, the son of the Censor, married the
daughter of Paullus Æmylius. He lost his sword in a battle, and
though wounded and tired, he went to his friends, and, with their
assistance, renewed the battle, and recovered his sword. _Plutarch_,
_Cato_.――――A courageous Roman, grandfather to Cato the censor. He
had five horses killed under him in battles. _Plutarch_, _Cato_.
――――Valerius, a grammarian of Gallia Narbonensis, in the time
of Sylla, who instructed at Rome many noble pupils, and wrote
some poems. _Ovid_, bk. 2, _Tristia_, poem 1, li. 436.――――Marcus,
surnamed _Uticensis_, from his death at Utica, was great grandson to
the censor of the same name. The early virtues that appeared in his
childhood seemed to promise a great man; and, at the age of 14, he
earnestly asked his preceptor for a sword, to stab the tyrant Sylla.
He was austere in his morals, and a strict follower of the tenets of
the Stoics; he was careless of his dress, often appeared barefooted
in public, and never travelled but on foot. He was such a lover
of discipline, that in whatever office he was employed, he always
reformed its abuses, and restored the ancient regulations. When
he was set over the troops in the capacity of a commander, his
removal was universally lamented, and deemed almost a public loss
by his affectionate soldiers. His fondness for candour was so great,
that the veracity of Cato became proverbial. In his visits to his
friends, he wished to give as little molestation as possible; and
the importuning civilities of king Dejotarus so displeased him when
he was at his court, that he hastened away from his presence. He was
very jealous of the safety and liberty of the republic, and watched
carefully over the conduct of Pompey, whose power and influence
were great. He often expressed his dislike to serve the office of
tribune; but when he saw a man of corrupted principles apply for
it, he offered himself a candidate to oppose him, and obtained the
tribuneship. In the conspiracy of Catiline, he supported Cicero, and
was the chief cause that the conspirators were capitally punished.
When the provinces of Gaul were decreed for five years to Cæsar,
Cato observed to the senators that they had introduced a tyrant into
the Capitol. He was sent to Cyprus against Ptolemy, who had rebelled,
by his enemies, who hoped that the difficulty of the expedition
would injure his reputation. But his prudence extricated him from
every danger. Ptolemy submitted, and after a successful campaign,
Cato was received at Rome with the most distinguishing honours,
which he, however, modestly declined. When the first triumvirate was
formed between Cæsar, Pompey, and Crassus, Cato opposed them with
all his might, and with an independent spirit foretold to the Roman
people all the misfortunes which soon after followed. After repeated
applications he was made pretor, but he seemed rather to disgrace
than support the dignity of that office, by the meanness of his
dress. He applied for the consulship, but could never obtain it.
When Cæsar had passed the Rubicon, Cato advised the Roman senate to
deliver the care of the republic into the hands of Pompey; and when
his advice had been complied with, he followed him with his son to
Dyrrachium, where, after a small victory there, he was entrusted
with the care of the ammunition, and of 15 cohorts. After the battle
of Pharsalia, Cato took the command of the Corcyrean fleet; and when
he heard of Pompey’s death on the coast of Africa, he traversed the
deserts of Libya, to join himself to Scipio. He refused to take the
command of the army in Africa, a circumstance of which he afterwards
repented. When Scipio had been defeated, partly for not paying
regard to Cato’s advice, Cato fortified himself in Utica, but,
however, not with the intentions of supporting a siege. When Cæsar
approached near the city, Cato disdained to fly, and rather than
fall alive into the conqueror’s hands, he stabbed himself after he
had read Plato’s treatise on the immortality of the soul, B.C. 46,
in the 59th year of his age. He had first married Attilia, a woman
whose licentious conduct obliged him to divorce her. Afterwards he
united himself to Martia daughter of Philip. Hortensius, his friend,
wished to raise children by Martia, and therefore obtained her
from Cato. After the death of Hortensius, Cato took her again. This
conduct was ridiculed by the Romans, who observed that Martia had
entered the house of Hortensius very poor, but returned to the bed
of Cato loaded with treasures. It was observed that Cato always
appeared in mourning, and never laid himself down at his meals
since the defeat of Pompey, but always sat down, contrary to the
custom of the Romans, as if depressed with the recollection that
the supporters of republican liberty were decaying. _Plutarch_
has written an account of his life. _Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 128, &c.
――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 2, ch. 10.――_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 21.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 841; bk. 8, li. 670.――――A son of
Cato of Utica, who was killed in a battle after he had acquired much
honour. _Plutarch_, _Cato Minor_.
=Catrea=, a town of Crete. _Pausanias._
=Catreus=, a king of Crete, killed by his son at Rhodes, unknowingly.
_Diodorus_, bk. 5.
=Catta=, a woman who had the gift of prophecy. _Suetonius_, _Vitellius_,
ch. 14.
=Catti=, a people of Gaul and Germany. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 13,
li. 57.
=Catuliāna=, a surname of Minerva, from Lutatius Catulus, who dedicated
a standard to her. _Pliny_, bk. 34, ch. 8.
=Catullus Caius=, or =Quintus Valerius=, a poet of Verona, whose
compositions, elegant and simple, are the offspring of a luxuriant
imagination. He was acquainted with the most distinguished people of
his age, and directed his satire against Cæsar, whose only revenge
was to invite the poet, and hospitably entertain him at his table.
Catullus was the first Roman who imitated with success the Greek
writers, and introduced their numbers among the Latins. Though
the pages of the poet are occasionally disfigured with licentious
expressions, the whole is written with great purity of style.
Catullus died in the 46th year of his age, B.C. 40. The best
editions of his works, which consist only of epigrams, are that of
Vulpius, 4to, Patavii, 1737, and that of Barbou, 12mo, Paris, 1754.
_Martial_, bk. 1, ltr. 62.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 2, li. 427.――――A
man surnamed _Urbicarius_, was a mimographer. _Juvenal_, satire 13,
li. 111.
=Quintus Luctatius Catŭlus=, went with 300 ships during the first
Punic war against the Carthaginians, and destroyed 600 of their
ships under Hamilcar, near the Ægates. This celebrated victory put
an end to the war.――――An orator, distinguished also as a writer of
epigrams, and admired for the neatness, elegance, and polished style
of his compositions. He is supposed to be the same as the colleague
of Marius, when a consul the fourth time; and he shared with him the
triumph over the Cimbri. He was, by his colleague’s order, suffocated
in a room filled with the smoke of burning coals. _Lucan_, bk. 2, li.
174.――_Plutarch_, _Caius Marius_.――――A Roman sent by his countrymen
to carry a present to the god of Delphi, from the spoils taken from
Asdrubal. _Livy_, bk. 27.
=Caturĭges=, a people of Gaul, now _Chorges_, near the source of the
Durance. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 1, ch. 10.――_Pliny_, bk. 3,
ch. 20.
=Cavares=, a people of Gaul, who inhabited the present province of
_Comtat_ in Provence.
=Cavarillus=, a commander of some troops of the Ædui in Cæsar’s army.
_Cæsar_. _Gallic War_, bk. 7, ch. 67.
=Cavarinus=, a Gaul, made king of the Senones by Cæsar, and banished
by his subjects. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 5, ch. 54.
=Caucăsus=, a celebrated mountain between the Euxine and Caspian seas,
which may be considered as the continuation of the ridge of mount
Taurus. Its height is immense. It was inhabited anciently by various
savage nations who lived upon the wild fruits of the earth. It was
covered with snow in some parts, and in others it was variegated
with fruitful orchards and plantations. The inhabitants formerly
were supposed to gather gold on the shores of their rivulets
in sheepskins, but they now live without making use of money.
Prometheus was tied on the top of Caucasus by Jupiter, and
continually devoured by vultures, according to ancient authors.
The passes near this mountain, called _Caucasiæ portæ_, bear now
the name of _Derbent_, and it is supposed that through them the
Sarmatians, called Huns, made their way, when they invaded the
provinces of Rome. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 11.――_Strabo_, bk. 11.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 203, &c.――_Virgil_, _Eclogues_, poem 6;
_Georgics_, ch. 2, li. 440; _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 366.――_Flaccus_,
bk. 5, li. 155.
=Caucon=, a son of Clinus, who first introduced the Orgies into
Messenia from Eleusis. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 1.
=Caucones=, a people of Paphlagonia, originally inhabitants of Arcadia,
or of Scythia, according to some accounts. Some of them made a
settlement near Dymæ in Elis. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, &c.――_Strabo_,
bk. 8, &c.
=Caudi= and =Caudium=, a town of the Samnites, near which, in a
place called _Caudinæ Furculæ_, the Roman army under Titus Veturius
Calvinus and Spurius Posthumius was obliged to surrender to the
Samnites, and pass under the yoke with the greatest disgrace. _Livy_,
bk. 2, ch. 1, &c.――_Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 138.
=Cavii=, a people of Illyricum. _Livy_, bk. 44, ch. 30.
=Caulonia=, or =Caulon=, a town of Italy near the country of the
Brutii, founded by a colony of Achæans, and destroyed in the wars
between Pyrrhus and the Romans. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 3.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 553.
=Caunius=, a man raised to affluence from poverty by Artaxerxes.
_Plutarch_, _Artaxerxes_.
=Caunus=, a son of Miletus and Cyane. He was passionately fond of, or,
according to others, he was tenderly beloved by, his sister Byblis,
and to avoid an incestuous commerce, he retired to Caria, where
he built a city called by his own name. _See:_ Byblis. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, fable 11.――――A city of Caria, opposite
Rhodes, where Protogenes was born. The climate was considered as
unwholesome, especially in summer, so that Cicero mentions the cry
of a person who sold Caunian figs, which were very famous (_qui
Cauneas clamitabat_), at Brundusium, as a bad omen (_cave ne eas_)
against Crassus going to attack the Parthians. _Cicero_, _de
Divinatione_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.――_Herodotus_, bk. 1,
ch. 176.
=Cauros=, an island with a small town formerly called Andros, in the
Ægean sea. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.
=Caurus=, a wind blowing from the west. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3,
li. 356.
=Caus=, a village of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 25.
=Caȳci=, or =Chauci=, a nation of Germany, now the people of Friesland
and Groningen. _Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 463.
=Caȳcus=, a river of Mysia. _See:_ Caicus.
=Cayster=, or =Caystrus=, now _Kitcheck-Meinder_, a rapid river of
Asia, rising in Lydia, and, after a meandering course, falling into
the Ægean sea near Ephesus. According to the poets, the banks and
neighbourhood of this river were generally frequented by swans.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 253; bk. 5, li. 386.――_Martial_,
bk. 1, ltr. 54.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2, li. 461.――_Virgil_,
_Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 384.
=Cea=, or =Ceos=, an island near Eubœa, called also Co. _See:_ Co.
=Ceădes=, a Thracian, whose son Euphemus was concerned in the Trojan
war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.
=Ceba=, now _Ceva_, a town of modern Piedmont, famous for cheese.
_Pliny_, bk. 11, ch. 42.
=Ceballīnus=, a man who gave information of the snares laid against
Alexander. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.――_Curtius_, bk. 6, ch. 7.
=Cebarenses=, a people of Gaul. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 36.
=Cebenna=, mountains of Gaul, now the Cevennes, separating the Arverni
from the Helvii, extending from the Garonne to the Rhone. _Cæsar_,
_Gallic War_, bk. 7, ch. 8.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 5.
=Cebes=, a Theban philosopher, one of the disciples of Socrates,
B.C. 405. He attended his learned preceptor in his last moments,
and distinguished himself by three dialogues that he wrote; but more
particularly by his tables, which contain a beautiful and affecting
picture of human life, delineated with accuracy of judgment and
great splendour of sentiment. Little is known of the character of
Cebes from history. Plato mentions him once, and Xenophon the same,
but both in a manner which conveys most fully the goodness of his
heart and the purity of his morals. The best editions of Cebes are
those of Gronovius, 8vo, 1689; and Glasgow, 12mo, 1747.
=Cebren=, the father of Asterope. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 21.
=Cebrēnia=, a country of Troas with a town of the same name, called
after the river _Cebrenus_, which is in the neighbourhood. Œnone
the daughter of the Cebrenus receives the patronymic of _Cebrenis_.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 11, li. 769.――_Statius_, bk. 1, _Sylvæ_,
bk. 5, li. 21.
=Cebriŏnes=, one of the giants conquered by Venus.――――An illegitimate
son of Priam, killed with a stone by Patroclus. _Homer_, _Iliad_.
=Cebrus=, now _Zebris_, a river falling in a southern direction into
the Danube, and dividing Lower from Upper Mœsia.
=Cecidas=, an ancient dithyrambic poet.
=Cecilius.= _See:_ Cæcilius.
=Cecīna=, a river near Volaterra in Etruria. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.
=A. Cecinna=, a Roman knight in the interest of Pompey, who used to
breed up young swallows, and send them to carry news to his friends
as messengers. He was a particular friend of Cicero, with whom
he corresponded. Some of his letters are still extant in Cicero.
_Pliny_, bk. 10, ch. 24.――_Cicero_, bk. 15, ltr. 66; _Orator_,
ch. 29.――――A scribe of Octavius Cæsar. _Cicero_, bk. 16, _Letters
to Atticus_, ltr. 8.――――A consular man suspected of conspiracy
and murdered by Titus, after an invitation to supper. _Suetonius_,
_Titus_, ch. 6.
=Cecrŏpia=, the original name of Athens, in honour of Cecrops, its
first founder. The ancients often use this word for Attica, and the
Athenians are often called _Cecropidæ_. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6,
li. 21.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 671; _Fasti_, bk. 2, li.
81.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 306.――_Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 56.――_Catullus_,
poems 62, 79.――_Juvenal_, satire 6, li. 186.
=Cecrŏpĭdæ=, an ancient name of the Athenians, more particularly
applied to those who were descended from Cecrops the founder of
Athens. The honourable name of Cecropidæ was often conferred as a
reward for some virtuous action in the field of battle. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 21.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 671.
=Cecrops=, a native of Sais in Egypt, who led a colony to Attica about
1556 years before the christian era, and reigned over part of the
country which was called from him Cecropia. He softened and polished
the rude and uncultivated manners of the inhabitants, and drew them
from the country to inhabit 12 small villages which he had founded.
He gave them laws and regulations, and introduced among them the
worship of those deities which were held in adoration in Egypt. He
married the daughter of Actæus, a Grecian prince, and was deemed
the first founder of Athens. He taught his subjects to cultivate
the olive, and instructed them to look upon Minerva as the watchful
patroness of their city. It is said that he was the first who raised
an altar to Jupiter in Greece, and offered him sacrifices. After
a reign of 50 years, spent in regulating his newly formed kingdom,
and in polishing the minds of his subjects, Cecrops died, leaving
three daughters, Aglauros, Herse, and Pandrosos. He was succeeded
by Cranaus, a native of the country. Some time after, Theseus, one
of his successors on the throne, formed the 12 villages which he had
established into one city, to which the name of Athens was given.
_See:_ Athenæ. Some authors have described Cecrops as a monster,
half a man and half a serpent; and this fable is explained by the
recollection that he was master of two languages, the Greek and the
Egyptian; or that he had the command over two countries, Egypt and
Greece. Others explain it by an allusion to the regulations which
Cecrops made amongst the inhabitants concerning marriage and the
union of the two sexes. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.
――_Justin_, bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch. 44.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 14.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 11, li. 561.――_Hyginus_,
fable 166.――――The second of that name was the seventh king of Athens,
and the son and successor of Erechtheus. He married Metiadusa the
sister of Dædalus, by whom he had Pandion. He reigned 40 years, and
died 1307 B.C. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 15.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1,
ch. 5.
=Cecyphalæ=, a place of Greece, where the Athenians defeated the fleet
of the Peloponnesians. _Thucydides_, bk. 1, ch. 105.
=Cedreātis=, the name of Diana among the Orchomenians, because her
images were hung on lofty cedars.
=Cedon=, an Athenian general, killed in an engagement against the
Spartans. _Diodorus_, bk. 15.
=Cedrusii=, an Indian nation. _Curtius_, bk. 9, ch. 11.
=Ceglŭsa=, the mother of Asopus by Neptune. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 12.
=Cei=, the inhabitants of the island Cea.
=Celădon=, a man killed by Perseus, at the marriage of Andromeda.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 144.――――A river of Greece,
flowing into the Alpheus. _Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 7,
li. 133.
=Celădus=, a river of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 38.――――An
island of the Adriatic sea. _Mela_, bk. 3, ch. 1.
=Celænæ=, or =Celēne=, a city of Phrygia, of which it was once the
capital. Cyrus the younger had a palace there, with a park filled
with wild beasts, where he exercised himself in hunting. The Mæander
arose in this park. Xerxes built a famous citadel there after
his defeat in Greece. The inhabitants of Celænæ were carried by
Antiochus Soter to people Apamea when newly founded. _Strabo_,
bk. 12.――_Livy_, bk. 38, ch. 13.――_Xenophon_, _Anabasis_, bk. 1.
Marsyas is said to have contended in its neighbourhood against
Apollo. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 26.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 206.
=Celæno=, one of the daughters of Atlas, ravished by Neptune. _Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 173.――――One of the Harpies, daughter of Neptune
and Terra. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 245.――――One of the Danaides.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――――A daughter of Neptune and Ergea.
_Hyginus._――――A daughter of Hyamus, mother of Delphus by Apollo.
_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 6.
=Celeæ=, a town of Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 14.
=Celeia= and =Cela=, a town of Noricum. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 24.
=Celelates=, a people of Liguria. _Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 29.
=Celendræ=, =Celendris=, and =Celenderis=, a colony of the Samians in
Cilicia, with a harbour of the same name at the mouth of the Selinus.
_Lucan_, bk. 8, li. 259.
=Celeneus=, a Cimmerian, who first taught how persons guilty of murder
might be expiated. _Flaccus_, bk. 3, li. 406.
=Celenna=, or =Celæna=, a town of Campania, where Juno was worshipped.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 739.
=Celer=, a man who, with Severus, ♦undertook to rebuild Nero’s palace
after the burning of Rome. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 15, ch. 42.――――A
man called Fabius, who killed Remus when he leaped over the walls
of Rome, by order of Romulus. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 837.
――_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――――Metius, a noble youth to whom Statius
dedicated a poem.
♦ ‘untook’ replaced with ‘undertook’
=Celĕres=, 300 of the noblest and strongest youths at Rome, chosen by
Romulus to be his body-guards, to attend him wherever he went, and
to protect his person. The chief or captain was called _Tribunus
Celerum_. _Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 15.
=Celetrum=, a town of Macedonia. _Livy_, bk. 31, ch. 40.
=Celeus=, a king of Eleusis, father to Triptolemus by Metanira. He
gave a kind reception to Ceres, who taught his son the cultivation
of the earth. _See:_ Triptolemus. His rustic dress became a proverb.
The invention of several agricultural instruments made of osiers is
attributed to him. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 508; bk. 5, li. 269.
――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 165.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 5.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 14.――――A king of Cephallenia.
=Celmus=, a man who nursed Jupiter, by whom he was greatly esteemed.
He was changed into a magnet stone for saying that Jupiter was
mortal. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 281.
=Celonæ=, a place of Mesopotamia. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.
=Celsus=, an epicurean philosopher in the second century, to whom
Lucian dedicated one of his compositions. He wrote a treatise
against the christians, to which an answer was returned by Origen.
――――Cornelius, a physician in the age of Tiberius, who wrote eight
books on medicine, besides treatises on agriculture, rhetoric, and
military affairs. The best editions of Celsus _de medicinâ_ are the
8vo, Leiden, 1746, and that of Vallart, 12mo, Paris, apud Didot,
1772.――――Albinoyanus, a friend of Horace, warned against plagiarism,
bk. 1, ltr. 3, li. 15, and pleasantly ridiculed, in the eighth
epistle, for his foibles. Some of his elegies have been preserved.
――――Juventius, a lawyer who conspired against Domitian.――――Titus,
a man proclaimed emperor, A.D. 265, against his will, and murdered
seven days after.
=Celtæ=, a name given to the nation that inhabited the country between
the Ocean and the Palus Mæotis, according to some authors mentioned
by _Plutarch_, _Caius Marius_. This name, though anciently applied
to the inhabitants of Gaul, as well as of Germany and Spain, was
more particularly given to a part of the Gauls, whose country,
called Gallia Celtica, was situate between the rivers Sequana and
Garumna, modernly called _la Seine_ and _la Garonne_. The Celtæ
seemed to receive their name from Celtus, a son of Hercules or of
Polyphemus. The promontory which bore the name of _Celticum_ is now
called Cape Finisterre. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 1, ch. 1, &c.
――_Mela_, bk. 3, ch. 2.――_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 49.
=Celtĭbēri=, a people of Spain, descended from the Celtæ. They settled
near the Iberus, and added the name of the river to that of their
nation, and were afterwards called Celtiberi. They made strong head
against the Romans and Carthaginians when they invaded their country.
Their country, called _Celtiberia_, is now known by the name of
Arragon. _Diodorus_, bk. 6.――_Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 17.――_Strabo_,
bk. 4.――_Lucan_, bk. 4, li. 10.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 339.