educated in his father’s camp, and inured from his early years to
the labours of the field. He passed into Spain when nine years old,
and, at the request of his father, took a solemn oath that he never
would be at peace with the Romans. After his father’s death, he
was appointed over the cavalry in Spain; and some time after, upon
the death of Asdrubal, he was invested with the command of all the
armies of Carthage, though not yet in the 25th year of his age.
In three years of continual success, he subdued all the nations of
Spain which opposed the Carthaginian power, and took Saguntum after
a siege of eight months. This city was in alliance with the Romans,
and its fall was the cause of the second Punic war, which Annibal
prepared to support with all the courage and prudence of a
consummate general. He levied three large armies, one of which he
sent to Africa; he left another in Spain, and marched at the head
of the third towards Italy. This army some have calculated at 20,000
foot and 6000 horse; others say that it consisted of 100,000 foot
and 20,000 horse. _Livy_, bk. 21, ch. 38. He came to the Alps, which
were deemed almost inaccessible, and had never been passed over
before him but by Hercules, and after much trouble he gained the top
in nine days. He conquered the uncivilized inhabitants that opposed
his passage, and, after the amazing loss of 30,000 men, made his way
so easy, by softening the rocks with fire and vinegar, that even his
armed elephants descended the mountains without danger or difficulty,
where a man, disencumbered of his arms, could not walk before in
safety. He was opposed by the Romans as soon as he entered Italy;
and after he had defeated Publius Cornelius Scipio and Sempronius,
near the Rhone, the Po, and the Trebia, he crossed the Apennines and
invaded Etruria. He defeated the army of the consul Flaminius near
the lake Thrasymenus, and soon after met the two consuls Culleo
Terentius and Lucius Æmilius at Cannæ. His army consisted of 40,000
foot and 10,000 horse, when he engaged the Romans at the celebrated
battle of Cannæ. The slaughter was so great, that no less than 40,
000 Romans were killed, and the conqueror made a bridge with the
dead carcases; and as a sign of his victory, he sent to Carthage
three bushels of gold rings which had been taken from 5630 Roman
knights slain in the battle. Had Annibal, immediately after the
battle, marched his army to the gates of Rome, it must have yielded
amidst the general consternation, if we believe the opinions of some
writers; but his delay gave the enemy spirit and boldness, and when
at last he approached the walls, he was informed that the piece of
ground on which his army then stood was selling at a high price in
the Roman forum. After hovering for some time round the city, he
retired to Capua, where the Carthaginian soldiers soon forgot to
conquer in the pleasures and riot of this luxurious city. From that
circumstance it has been said, and with propriety, that Capua was
a Cannæ to Annibal. After the battle of Cannæ the Romans became
more cautious, and when the dictator Fabius Maximus had defied
the artifice as well as the valour of Annibal, they began to look
for better times. Marcellus, who succeeded Fabius in the field,
first taught the Romans that Annibal was not invincible. After many
important debates in the senate, it was decreed that war should be
carried into Africa, to remove Annibal from the gates of Rome; and
Scipio, who was the first proposer of the plan, was empowered to put
it into execution. When Carthage saw the enemy on her coasts, she
recalled Annibal from Italy; and that great general is said to have
left, with tears in his eyes, a country which during 16 years he
had kept under continual alarms, and which he could almost call his
own. He and Scipio met near Carthage, and after a parley, in which
neither would give the preference to his enemy, they determined
to come to a general engagement. The battle was fought near Zama:
Scipio made a great slaughter of the enemy, 20,000 were killed,
and the same number made prisoners. Annibal, after he had lost the
day, fled to Adrumetum. Soon after this decisive battle, the Romans
granted peace to Carthage, on hard conditions; and afterwards
Annibal, who was jealous and apprehensive of the Roman power, fled
to Syria, to king Antiochus, whom he advised to make war against
Rome, and lead an army into the heart of Italy. Antiochus distrusted
the fidelity of Annibal, and was conquered by the Romans, who
granted him peace on the condition of his delivering their mortal
enemy into their hands. Annibal, who was apprised of this, left
the court of Antiochus, and fled to Prusias king of Bithynia. He
encouraged him to declare war against Rome, and even assisted him in
weakening the power of Eumenes king of Pergamus, who was in alliance
with the Romans. The senate received intelligence that Annibal was
in Bithynia, and immediately sent ambassadors, amongst whom was
Lucius Quintus Flaminius, to demand him of Prusias. The king was
unwilling to betray Annibal and violate the laws of hospitality, but
at the same time he dreaded the power of Rome. Annibal extricated
him from his embarrassment, and when he heard that his house was
besieged on every side, and all means of escape fruitless, he took
a dose of poison, which he always carried with him in a ring on
his finger; and as he breathed his last, he exclaimed, _Solvamus
diuturnâ curâ populum Romanum, quando mortem senis expectare longum
censet_. He died in his 70th year, according to some, about 182
years B.C. That year was famous for the death of the three greatest
generals of the age, Annibal, Scipio, and Philopœmen. The death
of so formidable a rival was the cause of great rejoicing in Rome;
he had always been a professed enemy to the Roman name, and ever
endeavoured to destroy its power. If he shone in the field, he also
distinguished himself by his studies. He was taught Greek by Sosilus,
a Lacedæmonian, and he even wrote some books in that language on
different subjects. It is remarkable that the life of Annibal, whom
the Romans wished so many times to destroy by perfidy, was never
attempted by any of his soldiers or countrymen. He made himself as
conspicuous in the government of the state as at the head of armies,
and though his enemies reproached him with the rudeness of laughing
in the Carthaginian senate, while every senator was bathed in tears
for the misfortunes of the country, Annibal defended himself by
saying that he, who had been bred all his life in a camp, ought to
be dispensed with all the more polished feelings of a capital. He
was so apprehensive for his safety, that when he was in Bithynia
his house was fortified like a castle, and on every side there were
secret doors which could give immediate escape if his life was ever
attempted. When he quitted Italy, and embarked on board a vessel
for Africa, he so strongly suspected the fidelity of his pilot, who
told him that the lofty mountains which appeared at a distance was
a promontory of Sicily, that he killed him on the spot; and when he
was convinced of his fatal error, he gave a magnificent burial to
the man whom he had so falsely murdered, and called the promontory
by his name. The labours which he sustained, and the inclemency of
the weather to which he exposed himself in crossing the Alps, so
weakened one of his eyes, that he ever after lost the use of it.
The Romans have celebrated the humanity of Annibal, who, after the
battle of Cannæ, sought the body of the fallen consul amidst the
heaps of slain, and honoured it with a funeral becoming the dignity
of Rome. He performed the same friendly offices to the remains of
Marcellus and Tiberius Gracchus, who had fallen in battle. He often
blamed the unsettled measures of his country; and when the enemy had
thrown into his camp the head of his brother Asdrubal, who had been
conquered as he came from Spain with a reinforcement into Italy,
Annibal said that the Carthaginian arms would no longer meet with
their usual success. Juvenal, in speaking of Annibal, observes that
the ring which caused his death made a due atonement to the Romans
for the many thousand rings which had been sent to Carthage from the
battle of Cannæ. Annibal, when in Spain, married a woman of Castulo.
The Romans entertained such a high opinion of him as a commander,
that Scipio, who conquered him, calls him the greatest general that
ever lived, and gives the second rank to Pyrrhus the Epirot, and
places himself the next to these in merit and abilities. It is plain
that the failure of Annibal’s expedition in Italy did not arise
from his neglect, but from that of his countrymen, who gave him
no assistance; far from imitating their enemies of Rome, who even
raised in one year 18 legions to oppose the formidable Carthaginian.
Livy has painted the character of Annibal like an enemy, and it is
much to be lamented that this celebrated historian has withheld the
tribute due to the merits and virtues of the greatest of generals.
_Cornelius Nepos_, _Lives of Distinguished Romans_.――_Livy_, bks.
21, 22, &c.――_Plutarch_, _Flamininus_, &c.――_Justin_, bk. 32, ch. 4.
――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 1, &c.――_Appian._――_Florus_, bks. 2 & 3.
――_Polybius._――_Diodorus._――_Juvenal_, satire 10, li. 159, &c.
――_Valerius Maximus._――_Horace_, bk. 4, ode 4, stanza 16.――――The
son of the great Annibal, was sent by Himilco to Lilybæeum,
which was besieged by the Romans, to keep the Sicilians in
their duty. _Polybius_, bk. 1.――――A Carthaginian general, son of
Asdrubal, commonly called of Rhodes, above 160 years before the
birth of the great Annibal. _Justin_, bk. 19, ch. 2.――_Xenophon_,
_Hellenica_.――――A son of Giscon and grandson of Amilcar, sent by the
Carthaginians to the assistance of Ægista, a town of Sicily. He was
overpowered by Hermocrates, an exiled Syracusan. _Justin_, bks. 22
& 23.――――A Carthaginian, surnamed Senior. He was conquered by the
consul Gaius Sulpicius Paterculus in Sardinia, and hung on a cross
by his countrymen for his ill success.
=Annicĕris=, an excellent charioteer of Cyrene, who exhibited his
skill in driving a chariot before Plato and the academy. When the
philosopher was wantonly sold by Dionysius, Anniceris ransomed
his friend, and he showed further his respect for learning by
establishing a sect at Cyrene, called after his name, which supported
that all good consisted in pleasure. _Cicero_, _de Officiis_, bk. 3.
――_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Plato_ & _Aristotle_.――_Ælian_, _Varia
Historia_, bk. 2, ch. 27.
=Annius Scapŭla=, a Roman of great dignity, put to death for conspiring
against Cassius. _Hirtius_, _Alexandrine War_, ch. 55.
=Annon=, or =Hanno=, a Carthaginian general conquered in Spain by
Scipio, and sent to Rome. He was son of Bomilcar whom Annibal sent
privately over the Rhone to conquer the Gauls. _Livy_, bk. 21, ch.
27.――――A Carthaginian who taught birds to sing “Annon is a god,”
after which he restored them to their native liberty; but the birds
lost with their slavery what they had been taught. _Ælian_, _Varia
Historia_, bk. 14, ch. 30.――――A Carthaginian who wrote, in the Punic
language, the account of a voyage which he had made round Africa.
This book was translated into Greek, and is still extant. _Vossius_,
_Greek Historians_, bk. 4.――――Another, banished from Carthage for
taming a lion for his own amusement, which was interpreted as if he
wished to aspire to sovereign power. _Pliny_, bk. 8, ch. 16.――――This
name has been common to many Carthaginians who have signalized
themselves among their countrymen during the Punic wars against Rome,
and in their wars against the Sicilians. _Livy_, bks. 26, 27, &c.
=Anopæa=, a mountain and road near the river Asopus. _Herodotus_,
bk. 7, ch. 216.
=Anser=, a Roman poet, whom Ovid, _Tristia_, bk. 3, poem 1, li. 425,
calls bold and impertinent. Virgil and Propertius are said to have
played upon his name with some degree of severity.
=Ansibarii=, a people of Germany. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 13, ch. 55.
=Antæa=, the wife of Proteus, called also Stenobæa. _Homer_, _Iliad_.
――――A goddess worshipped by the inhabitants of Antium.
=Antæas=, a king of Scythia, who said that the neighing of a horse was
far preferable to the music of Ismenias, a famous musician who had
been taken captive. _Plutarch._
=Antæus=, a giant of Libya, son of Terra and Neptune. He was so
strong in wrestling, that he boasted that he would erect a temple
to his father with the skulls of his conquered antagonists. Hercules
attacked him, and as he received new strength from his mother as
often as he touched the ground, the hero lifted him up in the air,
and squeezed him to death in his arms. _Lucan_, bk. 4, li. 598.――
_Statius_, bk. 6, _Thebiad_, li. 893.――_Juvenal_, satire 3, li. 88.
――――A servant of Atticus. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 13,
ltr. 44.――――A friend of Turnus, killed by Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 10, li. 561.
=Antagŏras=, a man of Cos. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――――A Rhodian
poet, much admired by Antigonus. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 2.
One day as he was cooking some fish, the king asked him whether
Homer ever dressed any meals when he was recording the actions of
Agamemnon. “And do you think,” replied the poet, “that he ὡ λαοι τ’
ἐπιτετραφαται και τοσσα μεμηλε (ever inquired whether any individual
dressed fish in his army)?” _Plutarch_, _Convivium Septem Sapientium_
& _Apophthegmata Laconica_.
=Antalcĭdas=, of Sparta, son of Leon, was sent into Persia, where he
made a peace with Artaxerxes very disadvantageous to his country,
by which, B.C. 387, the Greek cities of Asia became tributary to the
Persian monarch. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 1, &c.――_Diodorus_, bk. 14.
――_Plutarch_, _Artaxerxes_.
=Antander=, a general of Messenia, against the Spartans. _Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 7.――――A brother of Agathocles tyrant of Sicily. _Justin_,
bk. 22, ch. 7.
=Antandros=, now _St. Dimitri_, a city of Troas, inhabited by the
Leleges, near which Æneas built his fleet after the destruction
of Troy. It has been called Edonis, Cimmeris, Assos, and Apollonia.
There is a hill in its neighbourhood called Alexandria, where Paris
sat, as some suppose, when the three rival goddesses appeared before
him when contending for the prize of beauty. _Strabo_, bk. 13.――
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 6.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 18.
=Anterbrogius=, an ambassador to Cæsar from the Rhemi a nation of Gaul.
_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 2, ch. 3.
=Anteins Publius=, was appointed over Syria by Nero. He was accused of
sedition and conspiracy, and drank poison, which, operating slowly,
obliged him to open his veins. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 13, &c.
=Antemnæ=, a city of the Sabines between Rome and the Anio, whence the
name (_ante amnem_). _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 631.――_Dionysius
of Halicarnassus._
=Antēnor=, a Trojan prince related to Priam. It is said that, during
the Trojan war, he always kept a secret correspondence with the
Greeks, and chiefly with Menelaus and Ulysses. In the council of
Priam, Homer introduces him as advising the Trojans to restore Helen
and conclude the war. He advised Ulysses to carry away the Trojan
palladium, and encouraged the Greeks to make the wooden horse which,
at his persuasion, was brought into the city of Troy by a breach
made in the walls. Æneas has been accused of being a partner of
his guilt, and the night that Troy was taken, they had a number
of Greeks stationed at the doors of their houses to protect them
from harm. After the destruction of his country, Antenor migrated
into Italy near the Adriatic, where he built the town of Padua.
His children were also concerned in the Trojan war, and displayed
much valour against the Greeks. Their names were Polybius, Acamas,
Agenor, and, according to others, Polydamas and Helicaon. _Livy_,
bk. 1, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 13.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1,
li. 242.――_Tacitus_, bk. 16, ch. 21.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 3, 7,
8, 11.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13.――_Dictys Cretensis_, bk.
5.――_Dares Phrygius_, ch. 6.――_Strabo_, bk. 13.――_Dionysius of
Halicarnassus_, bk. 1.――_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 27.――――A statuary.
_Pausanias._――――A Cretan, who wrote a history of his country.
_Ælian._
=Antenorĭdes=, a patronymic given to the three sons of Antenor, all
killed during the Trojan war. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 484.
=Antĕros= (ἀντι ἐρως, _against love_), a son of Mars and Venus. He was
not, as the derivation of his name implies, a deity that presided
over an opposition to love, but he was the god of mutual love and
of mutual tenderness. Venus had complained to Themis that her son
Cupid always continued a child, and was told that, if he had another
brother, he would grow up in a short space of time. As soon as
Anteros was born, Cupid felt his strength increase and his wings
enlarge; but if ever his brother was at a distance from him, he
found himself reduced to his ancient shape. From this circumstance
it is seen, that return of passion gives vigour to love. Anteros had
a temple at Athens raised to his honour, when Meles had experienced
the coldness and disdain of Timagoras, whom he passionately esteemed,
and for whom he had killed himself. _See:_ Meles. Cupid and Anteros
are often represented striving to seize a palm tree from one another,
to teach us that true love always endeavours to overcome by kindness
and gratitude. They were always painted in the Greek academies, to
inform the scholars that it is their immediate duty to be grateful
to their teachers, and to reward their trouble with love and
reverence. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 23.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 1, ch. 30; bk. 6, ch. 23.――――A grammarian of Alexandria, in the
age of the emperor Claudius.――――A freedman of Atticus. _Cicero_,
_Letters to Atticus_, bk. 9, ltr. 14.
=Anthēa=, a town of Achaia. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 18.――――Of Messenia.
_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 31.――――Of Trœzene. _Pausanias_, bk. 2,
ch. 30.
=Antheas=, a son of Eumelus, killed in attempting to sow corn from the
chariot of Triptolemus drawn by dragons. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 18.
=Anthēdon=, a city of Bœotia, which received its name from the flowery
plains that surround it, or from Anthedon, a certain nymph. Bacchus
and Ceres had there temples. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 10; bk. 9, ch.
22. It was formerly inhabited by Thracians. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 905.――――A port of Peloponnesus.
_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 5.――_Statius_, bk. 9, li. 291.
=Anthēla=, a town near the Asopus, near which Ceres and Amphictyon had
a temple. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 176.
=Anthĕmis=, an island in the Mediterranean, the same as the Ionian
Samos. _Strabo_, bk. 10.
=Anthemon=, a Trojan. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 4.
=Anthĕmus=, a city of Macedonia at Thermæ.――――A city of Syria.
_Strabo._
=Anthemusia=, the same as Samos.――――A city of Mesopotamia. _Strabo._
=Anthēne=, a town of Peloponnesus. _Thucydides_, bk. 5, ch. 41.
=Anthermus=, a Chian sculptor, son of Micciades and grandson to Malas.
He and his brother Bupalus made a statue of the poet Hipponax,
which caused universal laughter on account of the deformity of its
countenance. The poet was so incensed upon this, and inveighed with
so much bitterness against the statuaries, that they hung themselves,
according to the opinion of some authors. _Pliny_, bk. 36, ch. 5.
=Anthes=, a native of Anthedon, who first invented hymns. _Plutarch_,
_de Musica_.――――A son of Neptune.
=Anthesphoria=, festivals celebrated in Sicily in honour of Proserpine,
who was carried away by Pluto as she was gathering flowers.
_Claudian_, _de Raptu Proserpinæ_.――――Festivals of the same name
were also observed at Argos in honour of Juno, who was called
Antheia. _Pausanias_, _Corinth_.――_Pollux_, _Onomasticon_, bk. 1,
ch. 1.
=Anthesteria=, festivals in honour of Bacchus among the Greeks. They
were celebrated in the month of February, called Anthesterion,
whence the name is derived, and continued three days. The first
was called Πιθοιγια, ἀπο του πιθους οἰγειν, because they _tapped_
their _barrels_ of liquor. The second day was called Χοες, from the
measure χοα, because every individual drank of his own vessel, in
commemoration of the arrival of Orestes, who, after the murder of
his mother, came, without being purified, to Demophoon or Pandion
king of Athens, and was obliged, with all the Athenians, to drink
by himself for fear of polluting the people by drinking with them
before he was purified of the parricide. It was usual on that day
to ride out in chariots, and ridicule those that passed by. The best
drinker was rewarded with a crown of leaves, or rather of gold, and
with a cask of wine. The third day was called χυτροι from χυτρα,
a vessel brought out full of all sorts of seeds and herbs, deemed
sacred to Mercury, and therefore not touched. The slaves had the
permission of being merry and free during these festivals; and at
the end of the solemnity a herald proclaimed, Θυραζε, Καρες, ουκ ετ’
Ἀνθεστηρια, _i.e._ Depart, ye Carian slaves, the festivals are at an
end. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 2, ch. 41.
=Anthēus=, a son of Antenor, much esteemed by Paris.――――One of the
companions of Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 514.
=Anthīa=, a sister of Priam, seized by the Greeks. She compelled the
people of Pallene to burn their ships, and build Scione. _Polyænus_,
bk. 7, ch. 47.――――A town. _See:_ Anthea.――――A daughter of Thespius,
mistress to Hercules. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.
=Anthias.= _See:_ Antheas.
=Anthippe=, a daughter of Thestius.
=Anthium=, a town of Thrace, afterwards called Apollonia. _Pliny_,
bk. 4, ch. 11.――――A city of Italy.
=Anthius= (_flowery_), a name of Bacchus worshipped at Athens. He had
also a statue at Patræ.
=Antho=, a daughter of Amulius king of Alba.
=Anthōres=, a companion of Hercules, who followed Evander, and settled
in Italy. He was killed in the war of Turnus against Æneas. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 778.
=Anthracia=, a nymph. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 31.
=Anthropinus=, =Tisarchus=, and =Diocles=, three persons who laid
snares for Agathocles tyrant of Sicily. _Polyænus_, bk. 5, ch. 3.
=Anthropophăgi=, a people of Scythia that fed on human flesh. They
lived near the country of the Massagetæ. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12;
bk. 6, ch. 30.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 1.
=Anthylla=, a city of Egypt on the Canopic mouth of the Nile. It
maintained the queens of the country in shoes, or, according
to _Athenæus_, bk. 1, in girdles. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 98.
=Antia lex=, was made for the suppression of luxury at Rome. Its
particulars are not known. The enactor was Antius Restio, who
afterwards never supped abroad for fear of being himself a witness
of the profusion and extravagance which his law meant to destroy,
but without effect. _Macrobius_, bk. 3, ch. 17.
=Antianīra=, the mother of Echion.
=Antias=, the goddess of fortune, chiefly worshipped at Antium.――――A
poet. _See:_ Furius.
=Anticlēa=, a daughter of Autolycus and Amphithea. Her father, who
was a famous robber, permitted Sisyphus son of Æolus to enjoy the
favours of his daughter, and Anticlea was really pregnant of Ulysses
when she married Laertes king of Ithaca. Laertes was nevertheless
the reputed father of Ulysses. Ulysses is reproached by Ajax in
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, as being the son of Sisyphus. It is said
that Anticlea killed herself when she heard a false report of her
son’s death. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bks. 11, 19.――_Hyginus_, fables 201,
243.――_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 29.――――A woman who had Periphetes by
Vulcan. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3.――――A daughter of Diocles, who married
Machaon the son of Æsculapius, by whom she had Nicomachus and
Gorgasus. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 30.
=Antĭcles=, an Athenian archon.――――A man who conspired against
Alexander with Hermolaus. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 6.――――An Athenian
victor at Olympia.
=Anticlīdes=, a Greek historian, whose works are now lost. They are
often quoted by _Athenæus_ & _Plutarch_, _Alexander_.
=Anticrăgus=, a mountain of Lycia, opposite mount Cragus. _Strabo_,
bk. 4.
=Anticrătes=, a Spartan who stabbed Epaminondas, the Theban general,
at the battle of Mantinea. _Plutarch_, _Agesilaus_.
=Anticy̆ra=, two towns of Greece, the one in Phocis and the other near
mount Oeta, both famous for the hellebore which they produced. This
plant was of infinite service to cure diseases, and particularly
insanity; hence the proverb _Naviget Anticyram_. The Anticyra of
Phocis was anciently called Cyparissa. It had a temple of Neptune,
who was represented holding a trident in one hand and resting the
other on his side, with one of his feet on a dolphin. Some writers,
especially Horace (_Art of Poetry_, li. 300), speak of three islands
of this name, but this seems to be a mistake. _Pausanias_, bk. 10,
ch. 36.――_Horace_, bk. 2, satire 3, li. 166; _Art of Poetry_, li.
300.――_Persius_, bk. 4, li. 16.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.――_Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 3.――_Ovid_, _ex Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 3, li. 53.――――A mistress of
Demetrius. _Plutarch_, _Demetrius_.
=Antidŏmus=, a warlike soldier of king Philip at the siege of
Perinthus.
=Antidŏtus=, an excellent painter, pupil of Euphranor. _Pliny_, bk. 35,
ch. 11.
=Antigĕnes=, one of Alexander’s generals, publicly rewarded for his
valour. _Curtius_, bk. 5, ch. 14.
=Antigenĭdas=, a famous musician of Thebes, disciple to Philoxenus.
He taught his pupil Ismenias to despise the judgment of the populace.
_Cicero_, _Brutus_, ch. 97.
=Antigŏna=, daughter of Berenice, was wife to king Pyrrhus. _Plutarch_,
_Pyrrhus_.
=Antigŏne=, a daughter of Œdipus king of Thebes by his mother Jocasta.
She buried by night her brother Polynices, against the positive
orders of Creon, who, when he heard of it, ordered her to be buried
alive. She, however, killed herself before the sentence was executed;
and Hæmon the king’s son, who was passionately fond of her, and had
not been able to obtain her pardon, killed himself on her grave.
The death of Antigone is the subject of one of the tragedies of
Sophocles. The Athenians were so pleased with it at the first
representation, that they presented the author with the government
of Samos. This tragedy was represented 32 times at Athens without
interruption. _Sophocles_, _Antigone_.――_Hyginus_, fables 67, 72,
243, 254.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 3,
poem 3.――_Philostratus_, bk. 2, ch. 29.――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk.
12, li. 350.――――A daughter of Eurytion king of Phthia in Thessaly.
_Apollodorus._――――A daughter of Laomedon. She was the sister of
Priam, and was changed into a stork for comparing herself to Juno.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, li. 93.
=Antigŏnia=, an inland town of Epirus. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 1.――――One
of Macedonia, founded by Antigonus son of Gonatas. _Pliny_, bk. 4,
ch. 10.――――One in Syria, on the borders of the Orontes. _Strabo_,
bk. 16.――――Another in Bithynia, called also Nicæa. _Strabo_, bk. 12.
――――Another in Arcadia, anciently called Mantinea. _Pausanias_,
bk. 8, ch. 8.――――One of Troas in Asia Minor. _Strabo_, bk. 13.