daughter. He waged a successful war against the Latins, Veientes,
Fidenates, Volsci, and Sabines, and joined mount Janiculum to
the city by a bridge, and inclosed mount Martius and the Aventine
within the walls of the city. He extended the confines of the Roman
territories to the sea, where he built the town of Ostia, at the
mouth of the Tiber. He inherited the valour of Romulus with the
moderation of Numa. He died B.C. 616, after a reign of 24 years, and
was succeeded by Tarquin the elder. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_,
bk. 3, ch. 9.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 32, &c.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 4.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 815.
=Ancȳræ=, a town of Sicily.――――A town of Phrygia. _Pausanias_, bk. 1.
=Anda=, a city of Africa. _Polybius._
=Andabătæ=, certain gladiators who fought blindfolded, whence the
proverb, _Andabatarum more_, to denote rash and inconsiderate
measures. _Cicero_, bk. 6, _Letters to his Friends_, ltr. 10.
=Andania=, a city of Arcadia, where Aristomenes was educated.
_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 1, &c. It received its name from a gulf of
the same name. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 33.
=Andegavia=, a country of Gaul, near the Turones and the ocean.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 3, ch. 41.
=Andēra=, a town of Phrygia.
=Andes=, a nation among the Celtæ, whose chief town is now _Anjou_.
_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 2, ch. 35.――――A village of Italy, near
Mantua, where Virgil was born, hence _Andinus_. _Silius Italicus_,
bk. 8, li. 595.
=Andocĭdes=, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras. He lived in the
age of Socrates the philosopher, and was intimate with the most
illustrious men of his age. He was often banished, but his dexterity
always restored him to favour. _Plutarch_ has written his life in
_Lives of the Ten Orators_. Four of his orations are extant.
=Andomătis=, a river in India, falling into the Ganges. _Arrian._
=Andræmon=, the father of Thoas. _Hyginus_, fable 97.――――The son-in-law
and successor of Œneus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1.
=Andragrathius=, a tyrant defeated by Gratian, A.D. 383, &c.
=Andragrăthus=, a man bribed by Lysimachus to betray his country, &c.
_Polyænus_, bk. 4, ch. 12.
=Andragŏras=, a man who died a sudden death. _Martial_, bk. 6, ltr. 53.
=Andramy̆les=, a king of Lydia, who castrated women, and made use of
them as eunuchs. _Athenæus._
=Andrēas=, a statuary of Argos. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 16.――――A man
of Panormum, who wrote an account of all the remarkable events that
had happened in Sicily. _Athenæus._――――A son of the Peneus. Part of
Bœotia, especially where Orchomenos was built, was called _Andreis_
after him. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 34, &c.
=Andriclus=, a mountain of Cilicia. _Strabo_, bk. 14.――――A river of
Troas, falling into the Scamander. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 27.
=Andriscus=, a man who wrote a history of Naxos. _Athenæus_, bk. 1.
――――A worthless person called _Pseudophilippus_, on account of the
likeness of his features to king Philip. He incited the Macedonians
to revolt against Rome, and was conquered and led in triumph by
Metellus, 152 B.C. _Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 14.
=Androbius=, a famous painter. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.
=Androclēa=, a daughter of Antipœnus of Thebes. She, with her sister
Alcida, sacrificed herself in the service of her country, when the
oracle had promised the victory to her countrymen, who were engaged
in a war against Orchomenos, if any one of noble birth devoted
himself for the glory of his nation. Antipœnus refused to do it,
and his daughters cheerfully accepted it, and received great honours
after death. Hercules, who fought on the side of Thebes, dedicated
to them the image of a lion in the temple of Diana. _Pausanias_,
bk. 9, ch. 17.
=Andrōcles=, a son of Phintas, who reigned in Messenia. _Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 5, &c.――――A man who wrote a history of Cyprus.
=Androclīdes=, a noble Theban, who defended the democratical, against
the encroachments of the oligarchical, power. He was killed by one
of his enemies.――――A sophist in the age of Aurelian, who gave an
account of philosophers.
=Androclus=, a son of Codrus, who reigned in Ionia, and took Ephesus
and Samos. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 2.
=Androcy̆des=, a physician, who wrote the following letter to Alexander:
――_Vinum potaturus, Rex, memento te bibere sanguinem terræ, sicuti
venenum est homini cicuta, sic et vinum._ _Pliny_, bk. 14, ch. 5.
=Androdămus.= _See:_ Andromadas.
=Andrōdus=, a slave known and protected in the Roman circus by a lion
whose foot he had cured. _Aulus Gellius_, bk. 5, ch. 15.
=Andrŏgeos=, a Greek, killed by Æneas and his friends, whom he took to
be his countrymen. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 371.
=Andrŏgeus=, son of Minos and Pasiphae, was famous for his skill in
wrestling. He overcame every antagonist at Athens, and became such a
favourite of the people, that Ægeus king of the country grew jealous
of his popularity, and caused him to be assassinated as he was going
to Thebes. Some say that he was killed by the wild bull of Marathon.
Minos declared war against Athens to revenge the death of his
son, and peace was at last re-established on condition that Ægeus
sent yearly seven boys and seven girls from Athens to Crete to
be devoured by the Minotaur. _See:_ Minotaurus. The Athenians
established festivals by order of Minos, in honour of his son, and
called them Androgeia. _Hyginus_, fable 41.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 20.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, chs. 1
& 27.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5; bk. 3, chs. 1 & 15.――_Plutarch_,
_Theseus_.
=Androgy̆næ=, a fabulous nation of Africa, beyond the Nasamones. Every
one of them bore the characteristics of the male and female sex;
and one of their breasts was that of a man, and the other that of
a woman. _Lucretius_, bk. 5, li. 837.――_Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 2.
=Andrŏmăche=, a daughter of Eetion king of Thebes in Cilicia, married
Hector son of Priam king of Troy, by whom she had Astyanax. She
was so fond of her husband, that she even fed his horses with her
own hand. During the Trojan war she remained at home employed in
her domestic concerns. Her parting with Hector, who was going to
a battle, in which he perished, has always been deemed the best,
most tender and pathetic of all the passages in Homer’s Iliad. She
received the news of her husband’s death with extreme sorrow; and
after the taking of Troy, she had the misfortune to see her only son
Astyanax, after she had saved him from the flames, thrown headlong
from the walls of the city, by the hands of the man whose father had
killed her husband. _Seneca_, _Troades_. Andromache, in the division
of the prisoners by the Greeks, fell to the share of Neoptolemus,
who treated her as his wife, and carried her to Epirus. He had
by her three sons, Molossus, Piclus, and Pergamus, and afterwards
repudiated her. After this divorce she married Helenus son of Priam,
who, as herself, was a captive of Pyrrhus. She reigned with him over
part of the country, and became mother by him of Cestrinus. Some say
that Astyanax was killed by Ulysses, and Euripides says that Menelaus
put him to death. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 6, 22, & 24.――_Quintus
Calaber [Smyrnæus]_, bk. 1.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 486.
――_Hyginus_, fable 123.――_Dares Phrygius._――_Ovid_, _Amores_, bk. 1,
poem 9, li. 35; _Tristia_, bk. 5, poem 6, li. 43.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 12.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 11.
=Andromachidæ=, a nation who presented to their king all the virgins
who were of nubile years, and permitted him to use them as he
pleased.
=Andromăchus=, an opulent person of Sicily, father to the historian
Timæus. _Diodorus_, bk. 16. He assisted Timoleon in recovering
the liberty of the Syracusans.――――A general of Alexander, to whom
Parmenio gave the government of Syria. He was burnt alive by the
Samaritans. _Curtius_, bk. 4, chs. 5 & 8.――――An officer of Seleucus
the younger. _Polyænus_, bk. 4.――――A poet of Byzantium.――――A
physician of Crete, in the age of Nero.――――A sophist of Naples, in
the age of Diocletian.
=Andromădus=, or =Androdamus=, a native of Rhegium, who made laws for
the Thracians concerning the punishment of homicide, &c. _Aristotle._
=Andrŏmĕda=, a daughter of Cepheus king of Æthiopia by Cassiope. She
was promised in marriage to Phineus her uncle, when Neptune drowned
the kingdom, and sent a sea monster to ravage the country, because
Cassiope had boasted herself fairer than Juno and the Nereides.
The oracle of Jupiter Ammon was consulted, and nothing could stop
the resentment of Neptune, if Andromeda was not exposed to the sea
monster. She was accordingly tied naked on a rock, and at the moment
that the monster was going to devour her, Perseus, who returned
through the air from the conquest of the Gorgons, saw her, and was
captivated with her beauty. He promised to deliver her and destroy
the monster, if he received her in marriage as a reward for his
trouble. Cepheus consented, and Perseus changed the sea monster
into a rock, by showing him Medusa’s head, and untied Andromeda and
married her. He had by her many children, among whom were Sthenelus,
Ancæus, and Electryon. The marriage of Andromeda with Perseus
was opposed by Phineus, who, after a bloody battle, was changed
into a stone by Perseus. Some say that Minerva made Andromeda a
constellation in heaven after her death. _See:_ Medusa, Perseus.
_Hyginus_, fable 64.――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 2, ch. 43.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Marcus Manilius_, bk. 5, li. 533.
――_Propertius_, bk. 3, poem 21.――――According to _Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 31, it was at Joppa in Judæa that Andromeda was tied on a rock.
He mentions that the skeleton of the huge sea monster, to which
she had been exposed, was brought to Rome by Scaurus, and carefully
preserved. The fable of Andromeda and the sea monster has been
explained, by supposing that she was courted by the captain of a
ship, who attempted to carry her away, but was prevented by the
interposition of another more faithful lover.
=Andron=, an Argive, who travelled all over the deserts of Libya
without drink. ♦_Aristotle’s book on Drunkenness_ [quoted in
Apollonius] “Historiæ Mirabiles”.――――A man set over the citadel
of Syracuse by Dionysius. Hermocrates advised him to seize it and
revolt from the tyrant, which he refused to do. The tyrant put him
to death for not discovering that Hermocrates had incited him to
rebellion. _Polyænus_, bk. 5, ch. 2.――――A man of Halicarnassus, who
composed some historical works. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.――――A native
of Ephesus, who wrote an account of the seven wise men of Greece.
_Diogenes Laërtius._――――A man of Argos.――――Another of Alexandria,
&c. _Apollonius [Paradoxographus]_, _Historiæ Mirabiles_, ch. 25.
――_Athenæus._
♦ reference edited for clarity
=Andronīcus Livius.= _See:_ Livius.
=Andronīcus=, a peripatetic philosopher of Rhodes, who flourished
59 years B.C. He was the first who published and revised the works
of Aristotle and Theophrastus. His periphrasis is extant, the best
edition of which is that of Heinsius, 8vo, Leiden, 1617. _Plutarch_,
_Sulla_.――――A Latin poet in the age of Cæsar.――――A Latin grammarian,
whose life Suetonius has written.――――A king of Lydia, surnamed
Alpyus.――――One of Alexander’s officers.――――One of the officers of
Antiochus Epiphanes.――――An astronomer of Athens, who built a marble
octagonal tower in honour of the eight principal winds, on the top
of which was placed a Triton with a stick in his hand, pointing
always to the side whence the wind blew.
=Androphăgi=, a savage nation of European Scythia. _Herodotus_, bk. 4,
chs. 18, 102.
=Andropompus=, a Theban who killed Xanthus in a single combat by fraud.
_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 18.
=Andros=, an island in the Ægean sea, known by the different names
of Epagrys, Antandros, Lasia, Cauros, Hydrussa, Nonagria. Its chief
town was called Andros. It had a harbour, near which Bacchus had a
temple, with a fountain, whose waters, during the ides of January,
tasted like wine. It received the name of Andros from Andros son of
Anius, one of its kings, who lived in the time of the Trojan war.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 648.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3,
li. 80.――_Juvenal_, satire 3, li. 70.――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 103.
――_Mela_, bks. 1 & 2.
=Androsthĕnes=, one of Alexander’s generals, sent with a ship on the
coast of Arabia. _Arrian_, bk. 7, ch. 10.――_Strabo_, bk. 16.――――A
governor of Thessaly, who favoured the interest of Pompey. He was
conquered by Julius Cæsar. _Cæsar_, _Civil War_, bk. 3, ch. 80.――――A
statuary of Thebes. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 19.――――A geographer in
the age of Alexander.
=Androtrion=, a Greek, who wrote a history of Attica, and a treatise
on agriculture. _Pliny._――_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 8.
=Anelontis=, a river near Colophon. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 28.
=Anerastus=, a king of Gaul.
=Anemolia=, a city of Phocis, afterwards called Hyampolis. _Strabo._
=Anemōsa=, a village of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 35.
=Anfinomus= and =Anapius=. Rather _Amphinomus_, which _see_.
=Angelia=, a daughter of Mercury.
=Angelion=, a statuary who made Apollo’s statue at Delphi. _Pausanias_,
bk. 2, ch. 32.
=Angĕlus=, a son of Neptune, born in Chios, of a nymph whose name is
unknown. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 4.
=Angītes=, a river of Thrace falling into the Strymon. _Herodotus_,
bk. 7, ch. 113.
=Angli=, a people of Germany at the north of the Elbe, from whom, as
being a branch of the Saxons, the English have derived their name.
_Tacitus_, _Germania_, ch. 40.
=Angrus=, a river of Illyricum, flowing in a northern direction.
_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 49.
=Anguitia=, a wood in the country of the Marsi, between the lake
Fucinus and Alba. Serpents, it is said, could not injure the
inhabitants, because they were descended from Circe, whose power
over those venomous creatures has been much celebrated. _Silius
Italicus_, bk. 8.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 759.
=Ania=, a Roman widow, celebrated for her beauty. One of her friends
advised her to marry again. “No,” said she, “if I marry a man
as affectionate as my first husband, I shall be apprehensive for
his death; and if he is bad, why have him, after such a kind and
indulgent one?”
=Anicētus=, a son of Hercules by Hebe the goddess of youth.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2.――――A freedman who directed the education of
Nero, and became the instrument of his crimes. _Suetonius_, _Nero_.
=Anicia=, a family at Rome, which, in the flourishing times of
the republic, produced many brave and illustrious citizens.――――A
relation of Atticus. _Cornelius Nepos._
=Anicium=, a town of Gaul. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 7.
=Anicius Gallus=, triumphed over the Illyrians and their king Gentius,
and was propretor of Rome, A.U.C. 585.――――A consul with Cornelius
Cethegus, A.U.C. 594.――――Probus, a Roman consul in the fourth
century, famous for his humanity.
=Anigrus=, a river of Thessaly, where the centaurs washed the
wounds which they had received from Hercules, and made the waters
unwholesome. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 281. The nymphs
of this river are called Anigriades. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 6.
=Anio= and =Anien=, now _Taverone_, a river of Italy, flowing through
the country of Tibur, and falling into the river Tiber, about five
miles at the north of Rome. It receives its name, as some suppose,
from Anius, a king of Etruria, who drowned himself there when he
could not recover his daughter, who had been carried away. _Statius_,
bk. 1, _Sylvæ_, poem 3, li. 20.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 683.
――_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 7, li. 13.――_Plutarch_, _de
Fortuna Romanorum_.
=Anitorgis=, a city of Spain, near which a battle was fought between
Asdrubal and the Scipios. _Livy_, bk. 25, ch. 33.
=Anius=, the son of Apollo and Rhea, was king of Delos and father
of Andrus. He had by Dorippe three daughters, Oeno, Spermo, and
Elais, to whom Bacchus had given the power of changing whatever
they pleased into wine, corn, and oil. When Agamemnon went to the
Trojan war, he wished to carry them with him to supply his army with
provisions; but they complained to Bacchus, who changed them into
doves. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 642.――_Dionysius of
Halicarnassus_, bk. 1.――_Diodorus_, bk. 5.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3,
li. 80.
=Anna=, a goddess, in whose honour the Romans instituted festivals.
She was, according to some, Anna the daughter of Belus and sister of
Dido, who after her sister’s death fled from Carthage, which Jarbas
had besieged, and came to Italy, where Æneas met her, as he walked
on the banks of the Tiber, and gave her an honourable reception, for
the kindnesses she had shown him when he was at Carthage. Lavinia
the wife of Æneas was jealous of the tender treatment which was
shown to Anna, and meditated her ruin. Anna was apprised of this by
her sister in a dream, and she fled to the river Numicus, of which
she became a deity, and ordered the inhabitants of the country to
call her _Anna Perenna_, because she would remain for ever under
the water. Her festivals were performed with many rejoicings, and
the females often, in the midst of their cheerfulness, forgot their
natural decency. They were introduced into Rome, and celebrated the
15th of March. The Romans generally sacrificed to her, to obtain
a long and happy life: and thence the words _Annare et Perennare_.
Some have supposed Anna to be the moon, _quia mensibus impleat
annum_; others call her Themis, or Io, the daughter of Inachus,
and sometimes Maia. Another more received opinion maintains that
Anna was an old industrious woman of Bovillæ, who, when the Roman
populace had fled from the city to mount Sacer, brought them cakes
every day; for which kind treatment the Romans, when peace was
re-established, decreed immortal honours to her whom they called
Perenna, _ab perennitate cultûs_, and who, as they supposed, was
become one of their deities. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 653, &c.
――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 79.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4,
lis. 9, 20, 421, & 500.
=Anna Commena=, a princess of Constantinople, known to the world for
the Greek history which she wrote of her father Alexius, emperor
of the east. The character of this history is not very high for
authenticity or beauty of composition: the historian is lost in
the daughter; and instead of simplicity of style and narrative,
as Gibbon says, an elaborate affectation of rhetoric and science
betrays in every page the vanity of a female author. The best
edition of Anna Commena is that of Paris, folio, 1651.
=Annæus=, a Roman family, which was subdivided into the Lucani, Senecæ,
Flori, &c.
=Annāles=, a chronological history which gives an account of all the
important events of every year in a state, without entering into the
causes which produced them. The annals of Tacitus may be considered
in this light. In the first ages of Rome, the writing of the annals
was one of the duties and privileges of the high priest; whence they
have been called Annales Maximi, from the priest _Pontifex Maximus_,
who consecrated them, and gave them as truly genuine and authentic.
=Annālis lex=, settled the age at which, among the Romans, a citizen
could be admitted to exercise the offices of the state. This law
originated in Athens, and was introduced in Rome. No man could be
a knight before 18 years of age, nor be invested with the consular
power before he had arrived to his 25th year.
=Anniānus=, a poet in the age of Trajan.