distinguished himself by his rivalship with Demosthenes. His
father’s name was Atrometus, and he boasted of his descent from a
noble family, though Demosthenes reproached him as being the son
of a courtesan. The first open signs of enmity between the rival
orators appeared at the court of Philip, where they were sent as
ambassadors; but the character of Æschines was tarnished by the
acceptance of a bribe from the Macedonian prince, whose tyranny
had hitherto been the general subject of his declamation. When the
Athenians wished to reward the patriotic labours of Demosthenes with
a golden crown, Æschines impeached Ctesiphon, who proposed it; and
to their subsequent dispute we are indebted for the two celebrated
orations _de coronâ_. Æschines was defeated by his rival’s superior
eloquence, and banished to Rhodes; but as he retired from Athens,
Demosthenes ran after him, and nobly forced him to accept a present
of silver. In his banishment, the orator repeated to the Rhodians
what he had delivered against Demosthenes; and after receiving
much applause, he was desired to read the answer of his antagonist.
It was received with greater marks of approbation; but, exclaimed
Æschines, how much more would your admiration have been raised,
had you heard Demosthenes himself speak it! Æschines died in the
75th year of his age, at Rhodes, or, as some suppose, at Samos. He
wrote three orations, and nine epistles, which, from their number,
received the name, the first of the graces, and the last of the
muses. The orations alone are extant, generally found collected with
those of Lysias. An oration which bears the name of _Deliaca lex_,
is said not to be his production, but that of Æschines, another
orator of that age. _Cicero_, _On Oratory_, bk. 1, ch. 24; bk. 2,
ch. 53; _Brutus_, ch. 17.――_Plutarch_, _Demosthenes_.――_Diogenes
Laërtius_, bks. 2 & 3.――_Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 30. Diogenes Laërtius
mentions seven more of the same name.――――A philosopher, disciple
of Socrates, who wrote several dialogues, some of which bore the
following titles: Aspasia, Phædon, Alcibiades, Draco, Erycia,
Polyænus, Telauges, &c. The dialogue entitled Axiochus, and ascribed
to Plato, is supposed to be his composition. The best editions are
that of Leovard, 1718, with the notes of Horræus, in 8vo, and that
of Fischer, 8vo, Lipscomb, 1766.――――A man who wrote on oratory.
――――An Arcadian.――――A Mitylenean.――――A disciple of Melanthius.――――A
Milesian writer.――――A statuary.
=Æschrion=, a Mitylenean poet, intimate with Aristotle. He accompanied
Alexander in his Asiatic expedition.――――An Iambic poet of Samos.
_Athenæus._――――A physician commended by Galen. A treatise of his own
husbandry has been quoted by _Pliny_.――――A lieutenant of Archagathus,
killed by Hanno. _Diodorus_, bk. 20.
=Æschylīdes=, a man who wrote a book on agriculture. _Ælian_, _Nature
of Animals_, bk. 15.
=Æschy̆lus=, an excellent soldier and poet of Athens, son of Euphorion,
and brother to Cynægirus. He was in the Athenian army at the battles
of Marathon, Salamis, and Platæa. But the most solid fame he has
obtained, is the offspring less of his valour in the field of battle
than of his writings. Of 90 tragedies, however, the fruit of his
ingenious labours, 40 of which were rewarded with the public prize,
only seven have come safe to us: _Prometheus vinctus_, _Septem
duces apud Thebas_, _Persæ_, _Agamemnon_, _Chœphori_, _Eumenides_,
_Supplices_. Æschylus is the first who introduced two actors on the
stage, and clothed them with dresses suitable to their character.
He likewise removed murder from the stage. It is said that, when
he composed, his countenance betrayed the greatest ferocity;
and according to one of his scholiasts, when his Eumenides were
represented, many children died through fear, and several pregnant
women actually miscarried in the house, at the sight of the horrible
masks that were introduced. The imagination of the poet was strong
and comprehensive, but disorderly and wild: fruitful in prodigies,
but disdaining probabilities. His style is obscure, and the labours
of an excellent modern critic have pronounced him the most difficult
of all the Greek classics. A few expressions of impious tendency in
one of his plays, nearly proved fatal to Æschylus; he was condemned
to death, but his brother Amynias, it is reported, reversed his
sentence, by uncovering an arm, of which the hand had been cut off
at the battle of Salamis in the service of his country, and the poet
was pardoned. Æschylus has been accused of drinking to excess, and
of never composing except when in a state of intoxication. In his
old age he retired to the court of Hiero in Sicily. Being informed
that he was to die by the fall of a house, he became dissatisfied
with the fickleness of his countrymen, and withdrew from the city
into the fields, where he sat down. An eagle, with a tortoise in
her bill, flew over his bald head, and supposing it to be a stone,
dropped her prey upon it to break the shell, and Æschylus instantly
died of the blow, in the 69th year of his age, 456 B. C. It is
said that he wrote an account of the battle of Marathon, in elegiac
verses. The best editions of his works are that of Stanley, folio,
London, 1663, that of Glasgow, 2 vols. in 12mo, 1746, and that
of Schutz, 2 vols., 8vo, Halæ, 1782.――_Horace_, _Art of Poetry_,
li. 278.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 10, ch. 3.――
_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 9, ch. 12.――――The 12th perpetual archon
of Athens.――――A Corinthian, brother-in-law to Timophanes, intimate
with Timoleon. _Plutarch_, _Timoleon_.――――A Rhodian set over Egypt
with Peucestes of Macedonia. _Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 8.――――A native of
Cnidus, teacher of rhetoric to Cicero. _Cicero_, _Brutus_.
=Æsculāpius=, son of Apollo by Coronis, or as some say, by Larissa
daughter of Phlegias, was god of medicine. After his union with
Coronis, Apollo set a crow to watch her, and was soon informed that
she admitted the caresses of Ischys of Æmonia. The god, in a fit of
anger, destroyed Coronis with lightning, but saved the infant from
her womb, and gave him to be educated to Chiron, who taught him the
art of medicine. Some authors say, that Coronis left her father to
avoid the discovery of her pregnancy, and that she exposed her child
near Epidaurus. A goat of the flocks of Aresthanas gave him her milk,
and the dog which kept the flock stood by him to shelter him from
injury. He was found by the master of the flock, who went in search
of his stray goat, and saw his head surrounded with resplendent rays
of light. Æsculapius was physician to the Argonauts, and considered
so skilled in the medicinal power of plants, that he was called the
inventor as well as the god of medicine. He restored many to life,
of which Pluto complained to Jupiter, who struck Æsculapius with
thunder, but Apollo, angry at the death of his son, killed the
Cyclops who made the thunderbolts. Æsculapius received divine
honours after death, chiefly at Epidaurus, Pergamus, Athens, Smyrna,
&c. Goats, bulls, lambs, and pigs were sacrificed on his altars, and
the cock and the serpent were sacred to him. Rome, A.U.C. 462, was
delivered of a plague, and built a temple to the god of medicine,
who, as was supposed, had come there in the form of a serpent, and
hid himself among the reeds in an island of the Tyber. Æsculapius
was represented with a large beard, holding in his hand a staff,
round which was wreathed a serpent: his other hand was supported on
the head of a serpent. Serpents are more particularly sacred to him,
not only as the ancient physicians used them in their prescriptions;
but because they were the symbols of prudence and foresight, so
necessary in the medical profession. He married Epione, by whom
he had two sons, famous for their skill in medicine, Machaon and
Podalirus; and four daughters, of whom Hygiea, goddess of health,
is the most celebrated. Some have supposed that he lived a short
time after the Trojan war. Hesiod makes no mention of him. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 4, li. 193; _Hymn to Æsculapius_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 10.――_Apollonius_, bk. 4, _Argonautica_.――_Hyginus_, fable 49.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, fable 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, chs.
11 & 27; bk. 7, ch. 23, &c.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Pindar_, _Pythian_,
poem 3.――_Lucian_, _Dialogi de Saltatione_.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk.
1, ch. 8.――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 22, says there
were three of this name; the first, a son of Apollo, worshipped in
Arcadia; second, a brother of Mercury; third, a man who first taught
medicine.
=Æsēpus=, a son of Bucolion. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 6, li. 21.――――A
river. _See:_ Æsapus.
=Æsernia=, a city of the Samnites, in Italy. _Livy_, bk. 27,
ch. 12.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 567.
=Æsīon=, an Athenian, known for his respect for the talents of
Demosthenes. _Plutarch_, _Demosthenes_.
=Æsis=, a river of Italy, which separates Umbria from Picenum.
=Æson=, son of Cretheus, was born at the same birth as Pelias. He
succeeded his father in the kingdom of Iolchos, but was soon exiled
by his brother. He married Alcimeda, by whom he had Jason, whose
education he entrusted to Chiron, being afraid of Pelias. When
Jason was grown up, he demanded his father’s kingdom from his uncle,
who gave him evasive answers, and persuaded him to go in quest of
the golden fleece. _See:_ Jason. At his return, Jason found his
father very infirm; and Medea [_See:_ Medea], at his request, drew
the blood from Æson’s veins, and refilled them with the juice of
certain herbs which she had gathered, and immediately the old man
recovered the vigour and bloom of youth. Some say that Æson killed
himself by drinking bull’s blood, to avoid the persecution of
Pelias. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 285.――_Hyginus_, fable 12.――――A river of
Thessaly, with a town of the same name.
=Æsŏnĭdes=, a patronymic of Jason, as being descended from Æson.
=Æsōpus=, a Phrygian philosopher, who, though originally a slave,
procured his liberty by the sallies of his genius. He travelled
over the greatest part of Greece and Egypt, but chiefly resided at
the court of Crœsus king of Lydia, by whom he was sent to consult
the oracle of Delphi. In this commission Æsop behaved with great
severity, and satirically compared the Delphians to floating sticks,
which appear large at a distance, but are nothing when brought near.
The Delphians, offended with his sarcastic remarks, accused him of
having secreted one of the sacred vessels of Apollo’s temple, and
threw him down from a rock, 561 B.C. Maximus Planudes has written
his life in Greek; but no credit is to be given to the biographer,
who falsely asserts that the mythologist was short and deformed.
Æsop dedicated his fables to his patron Crœsus; but what appears
now under his name, is no doubt a compilation of all the fables and
apologues of wits before and after the age of Æsop, conjointly with
his own. _Plutarch_, _Solon_.――_Phædras_, bk. 1, fable 2; bk. 2,
fable 9.――――Claudus, an actor on the Roman stage, very intimate with
Cicero. He amassed an immense fortune. His son, to be more expensive,
melted precious stones to drink at his entertainments. _Horace_,
bk. 2, satire 3, li. 239.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 10;
bk. 9, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 9, ch. 35; bk. 10, ch. 51.――――An orator.
_Diogenes Laërtius._――――An historian in the time of Anaximenes.
_Plutarch_, _Solon_.――――A river of Pontus. _Strabo_, bk. 12.――――An
attendant of Mithridates, who wrote a treatise on Helen, and a
panegyric on his royal master.
=Æstria=, an island in the Adriatic. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.
=Æsŭla=, a town on a mountain between Tibur and Præneste. _Horace_,
bk. 3, ode 29.
=Æsyetes=, a man from whose tomb Polites spied what the Greeks did in
their ships during the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2, li. 793.
=Æsymnētes=, a surname of Bacchus. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 21.
=Æsymnus=, a person of Megara, who consulted Apollo to know the best
method of governing his country. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 43.
=Æthalia=, or =Ætheria=, now _Elba_, an island between Etruria and
Corsica. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 6; bk. 6, ch. 30.
=Æthalĭdes=, a herald, son of Mercury, to whom it was granted to
be amongst the dead and the living at stated times. _Apollonius_,
_Argonautica_, bk. 1, li. 641.
=Æthion=, a man slain at the nuptials of Andromeda. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 146.
=Æthiŏpia=, an extensive country of Africa, at the south of Egypt,
divided into east and west by the ancients, the former division
lying near Meroe, and the latter near the Mauri. The country,
properly now called Abyssinia, as well as the inhabitants, were
little known to the ancients, though Homer has styled them the
justest of men and the favourites of the gods. _Diodorus_, bk. 4,
says, that the Æthiopians were the first inhabitants of the earth.
They were the first who worshipped the gods, for which, as some
suppose, their country has never been invaded by a foreign enemy.
The inhabitants are of a dark complexion. The country is inundated
for five months every year, and their days and nights are almost
of an equal length. The ancients have given the name of Æthiopia
to every country whose inhabitants are of a black colour. _Lucan_,
bk. 3, li. 253; bk. 9, li. 651.――_Juvenal_, satire 2, li. 23.
――_Virgil_, [_Eclogues_], poem 6, li. 68.――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 29.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 33.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 1, li. 22;
_Iliad_, bk. 1, li. 423.
=Æthlius=, son of Jupiter by Protogenia, was father of Endymion.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 7.
=Æthon=, a horse of the sun. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, fable 1.
――――A horse of Pallas, represented as shedding tears at the death
of his master, by _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 89.――――A horse of
Hector. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 8, li. 185.
=Æthra=, daughter of Pittheus king of Trœzene, had Theseus by Ægeus.
_See:_ Ægeus. She was carried away by Castor and Pollux, when they
recovered their sister Helen, whom Theseus had stolen, and intrusted
to her care. _See:_ Helena. She went to Troy with Helen. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 3, li. 144.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 31; bk. 5, ch.
19.――_Hyginus_, fables 37 & 79.――_Plutarch_, _Theseus_.――_Ovid_,
_Heroides_, poem 10, li. 131.――――One of the Oceanides, wife to Atlas.
She is more generally called Pleione.
=Æthūsa=, a daughter of Neptune by Amphitrite, or Alcyone, mother by
Apollo of Eleuthere and two sons. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 20.――――An
island near Lilybæum. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 8.
=Ætia=, a poem of Callimachus, in which he speaks of sacrifices, and
of the manner in which they were offered. _Martial_, bk. 10, ltr. 4.
=Ætion=, or =Eetion=, the father of Andromache, Hector’s wife. He was
killed at Thebes, with his seven sons, by the Greeks.――――A famous
painter. He drew a painting of Alexander going to celebrate his
nuptials with Roxane. This piece was much valued, and was exposed to
public view at the Olympic games, where it gained so much applause
that the president of the games gave the painter his daughter in
marriage. _Cicero_, _Brutus_, ch. 18.
=Ætna=, a mountain of Sicily, now called Gibello, famous for its
volcano, which, for about 3000 years, has thrown out fire at
intervals. It is two miles in perpendicular height, and measures
180 miles round at the base, with an ascent of 30 miles. Its crater
forms a circle about 3½ miles in circumference, and its top is
covered with snow and smoke at the same time, whilst the sides of
the mountain, from the great fertility of the soil, exhibit a rich
scenery of cultivated fields and blooming vineyards. Pindar is the
first who mentions an eruption of Ætna; and the silence of Homer on
the subject is considered as a proof that the fires of the mountain
were unknown in his age. From the time of Pythagoras, the supposed
date of the first volcanic appearance, to the battle of Pharsalia,
it is computed that Ætna had 100 eruptions. The poets supposed that
Jupiter had confined the giants under this mountain, and it was
represented as the forge of Vulcan, where his servants the Cyclops
fabricated thunderbolts, &c. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 860.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 570.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, fable 6;
bk. 15, li. 340.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14, li. 59.
=Ætōlia=, a country bounded by Epirus, Acarnania, and Locris, supposed
to be about the middle of Greece. It received its name from Ætolus.
The inhabitants were covetous and illiberal, and were little
known in Greece, till after the ruin of Athens and Sparta they
assumed consequence in the country, and afterwards made themselves
formidable as the allies of Rome, and as its enemies, till they were
conquered by Fulvius. _Livy_, bk. 26, ch. 24, &c.――_Florus_, bk. 2,
ch. 9.――_Strabo_, bks. 8 & 10.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Pliny_,
bk. 4, ch. 2.――_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 18.――_Plutarch_, _Titus
Flamininus_.
=Ætōlus=, son of Endymion of Elis and Iphianassa, married Pronoe, by
whom he had Pleuron and Calydon. Having accidentally killed Apis
son of Phoroneus, he left his country, and came to settle in that
part of Greece which has been called from him Ætolia. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, chs. 7 & 9.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 1.
=Æx=, a rocky island between Tenedos and Chios. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch.
11.――――A city in the country of the Marsi.――――The nurse of Jupiter
changed into a constellation.
=Afer=, an inhabitant of Africa.――――An informer under Tiberius and his
successors. He became also known as an orator, and as the preceptor
of Quintilian, and was made consul by Domitian. He died A. D. 59.
=Afrānia=, a Roman matron, who frequented the forum, forgetful of
female decency. _Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 3.
=Lucius Afrānius=, a Latin comic poet in the age of Terence, often
compared to Menander, whose style he imitated. He is blamed for
the unnatural gratifications which he mentions in his writings,
some fragments of which are to be found in the _Corpus Poetarum_.
_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Suetonius_, _Nero_, ch. 11.――_Horace_,
bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 57.――_Cicero_, _de Finibus_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――
_Aulus Gellius_, bk. 13, ch. 8.――――A general of Pompey, conquered
by Cæsar in Spain. _Suetonius_, _Julius Cæsar_, ch. 34.――_Plutarch_,
_Pompey_.――――Quintianus, a man who wrote a severe satire against
Nero, for which he was put to death in the Pisonian conspiracy.
_Tacitus._――――Potitus, a plebeian, who said before Caligula, that he
would willingly die if the emperor could recover from the distemper
he laboured under. Caligula recovered, and Afranius was put to death
that he might not forfeit his word. _Dio Cassius._
=Afrĭca=, called _Libya_ by the Greeks, one of the three parts of
the ancient world, and the greatest peninsula of the universe, is
bounded on the east by Arabia and the Red sea, on the north by the
Mediterranean, south and west by the ocean. In its greatest length
it extends 4300 miles, and in its greatest breadth it is 3500 miles.
It is joined on the east to Asia, by an isthmus 60 miles long, which
some of the Ptolemies endeavoured to cut, in vain, to join the Red
and Mediterranean seas. It is so immediately situate under the sun,
that only the maritime parts are inhabited, and the inland country
is mostly barren and sandy, and infested with wild beasts. The
ancients, through ignorance, peopled the southern parts of Africa
with monsters, enchanters, and chimeras; errors which begin to be
corrected by modern travellers. _See:_ Libya. _Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 4,
&c.――_Diodorus_, bks. 3, 4, & 20.――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, chs. 17, 26,
& 32; bk. 4, ch. 41, &c.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 1, &c.――――There is a
part of Africa called _Propria_, which lies about the middle, on the
Mediterranean, and has Carthage for its capital.
=Africānus=, a blind poet, commended by Ennius.――――A christian writer,
who flourished A.D. 222. In his chronicle, which was universally
esteemed, he reckoned 5500 years from the creation of the world
to the age of Julius Cæsar. Nothing remains of this work but what
Eusebius has preserved. In a letter to Origen, Africanus proved
that the history of Susanna is supposititious; and in another to
Aristides, still extant, he endeavours to reconcile the seeming
contradictions that appear in the genealogies of Christ in St.
Matthew and Luke. He is supposed to be the same who wrote nine books,
in which he treats of physic, agriculture, &c.――――A lawyer, disciple
to Papinian, and intimate with the emperor Alexander.――――An orator
mentioned by Quintilian.――――The surname of the Scipios, from the
conquest of Africa. _See:_ Scipio.
=Afrĭcum mare=, is that part of the Mediterranean which is on the
coast of Africa.
=Agăgriāne portæ=, gates at Syracuse, near which the dead were buried.
_Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_.
=Agalasses=, a nation of India, conquered by Alexander. _Diodorus_,
bk. 17.
=Agalla=, a woman of Corcyra, who wrote a treatise upon grammar.
_Athenæus_, bk. 1.
=Agamēdes= and =Trophonius=, two architects who made the entrance of
the temple of Delphi, for which they demanded of the god whatever
gift was most advantageous for a man to receive. Eight days after
they were found dead in their bed. _Plutarch_, _Consolatio ad
Apollonium_.――_Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 1, ch. 47.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, chs. 11 & 37, gives a different account.
=Agamemnon=, king of Mycenæ and Argos, was brother to Menelaus, and
son of Plisthenes the son of Atreus. Homer calls them sons of Atreus,
which is false, upon the authority of Hesiod, Apollodorus, &c. _See:_
Plisthenes. When Atreus was dead, his brother Thyestes seized the
kingdom of Argos, and removed Agamemnon and Menelaus, who fled to
Polyphidus king of Sicyon, and hence to Œneus king of Ætolia, where
they were educated. Agamemnon married Clytemnestra, and Menelaus
Helen, both daughters of Tyndarus king of Sparta, who assisted
them to recover their father’s kingdom. After the banishment of
the usurper to Cythera, Agamemnon established himself at Mycenæ,
whilst Menelaus succeeded his father-in-law at Sparta. When Helen
was stolen by Paris, Agamemnon was elected commander-in-chief of
the Grecian forces going against Troy; and he showed his zeal in the
cause by furnishing 100 ships, and lending 60 more to the people of
Arcadia. The fleet was detained at Aulis, where Agamemnon sacrificed
his daughter to appease Diana. _See:_ Iphigenia. During the Trojan
war, Agamemnon behaved with much valour; but his quarrel with
Achilles, whose mistress he took by force, was fatal to the Greeks.
_See:_ Briseis. After the ruin of Troy, Cassandra fell to his share,
and foretold him that his wife would put him to death. He gave no
credit to this, and returned to Argos with Cassandra. Clytemnestra,
with her adulterer Ægisthus [_See:_ Ægisthus], prepared to murder
him; and as he came from the bath, to embarrass him, she gave him
a tunic, whose sleeves were sewed together, and while he attempted
to put it on, she brought him to the ground with a stroke of a
hatchet, and Ægisthus seconded her blows. His death was revenged by
his son Orestes. _See:_ Clytemnestra, Menelaus, and Orestes. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bks. 1, 2, &c.; _Odyssey_, bk. 4, &c.――_Ovid_, _Remedia
Amoris_, li. 777; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, li. 30.――_Hyginus_,
fables 88 & 97.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Thucydides_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――
_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 4, ch. 26.――_Dictys Cretensis_, bks.
1, 2, &c.――_Dares Phrygius._――_Sophocles_, _Electra_.――_Euripides_,
_Orestes_.――_Seneca_, _Agamemnon_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 6; bk. 9,
ch. 40, &c.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 838.――_Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 3.
=Agamemnonius=, an epithet applied to Orestes, as son of Agamemnon.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 471.
=Agamētor=, an athlete of Mantinea. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 10.
=Agamnestor=, a king of Athens.
=Aganippe=, a celebrated fountain of Bœotia, at the foot of mount
Helicon. It flows into the Permessus, and is sacred to the muses,
who, from it, were called Aganippedes. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 29.
――_Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 3.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5,
li. 312.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 7.
=Agapēnor=, the commander of Agamemnon’s fleet. _Homer_, _Iliad_,
bk. 2.――――The son of Ancæus, and grandson of Lycurgus, who, after
the ruin of Troy, was carried by a storm into Cyprus, where he built
Paphos. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 5.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.
=Agar=, a town of Africa. _Hirtius_, _African War_, ch. 76.
=Agarēni=, a people of Arabia. Trajan destroyed their city, called
Agarum. _Strabo_, bk. 16.
=Agarista=, daughter of Clisthenes, was courted by all the princes
of Greece. She married Megacles. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk.
12, ch. 24.――_Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 126, &c.――――A daughter of
Hippocrates, who married Xantippus. She dreamed that she had
brought forth a lion, and some time after became mother of Pericles.
_Plutarch_, _Pericles_.――_Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 131.
=Agasĭcles=, king of Sparta, was son of Archidamus, and one of the
Proclidæ. He used to say that a king ought to govern his subjects as
a father governs his children. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 7.――_Plutarch_,
_Apophthegmata Laconica_.
=Agassæ=, a city of Thessaly. _Livy_, bk. 45, ch. 27.
=Agasthĕnes=, father to Polyxenus, was, as one of Helen’s suitors,
concerned in the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 11.――――A son of Augeas, who succeeded as king of Elis.
_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 3.
=Agrastrŏphus=, a Trojan, wounded by Diomedes. _Homer_, _Iliad_,
bk. 11, li. 338.
=Agasthus=, an archon of Athens.
=Agăsus=, a harbour on the coast of Apulia. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 11.
=Agătha=, a town of France near _Agde_, in Languedoc. _Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 5.
=Agatharchĭdas=, a general of Corinth in the Peloponnesian war.
_Thucydides_, bk. 2, ch. 83.――――A Samian philosopher and historian,
who wrote a treatise on stones, and a history of Persia and Phœnice,
besides an account of the Red sea, of Europe and Asia. Some make
him a native of Cnidus, and add that he flourished about 177 B.C.
_Josephus_, _Against Apion_.
=Agatharchus=, an officer in the Syracusan fleet. _Thucydides_, bk. 7,
ch. 27.――――A painter in the age of Zeuxis. _Plutarch_, _Pericles_.